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U* S. Supreme Court Matters to Be Considered at the Session Which Began on Monday WashingtOTi, Oct. .. 3.?The su preme, eottrt -?eeonvened today for the; regular fall term.' No cases of national importance were placed upon its docket daring the summer recess." For the first time'Jn its history, however", the court -was presided over by a chief justice who former- j ly." was a. presideht . of the United ! States ? "William . Howard Taft. ? ehosea to fill the vacancy caused by the' death of Edward Douglas ; White; ^'-^fct ?. ^'aid?itfoh to the haJf dozen ami-trust cases awaiting decision j ther*.aro>pending several boundary and" irrigation disputes ? between states as well as cases between i states alleging trade ' discrimina tions, numerous questions arising j out of government operation of : rjarJ?roads during the war. a railroad merger case, several cases testing the rights of organized l ibor during \ Strikes, aswell as its responsibility -for. lessee resulting from acts of : ?violence during strikes, a large number of cases in which railroads and. other common carriers seek to , have determined-; their liability for ! minries.-suffeivd. by employes, sev eral challenges by states of the I powers of the interstate commerce : c^Amission hi rate-making and railroad' control, the constitution iniy t>f the prohibitory ^.x imjws ed by the federal government upon rin&Jabor. numerous issues arising cut of the enforcement of national prohihitioa-and many land, patent, ad%miralty, bankruptcy, immigru tis?^'Chinese exclusion and miscel laneous cases. ; Tbae. court has umler auviscmcnt and may give its opinion ik any Ii Iii? in- the Southern Pavrflic case, ihveAving control of the Central Pa e.EetihV Coronadd case, brought by United Mine Workers, arising out of violence during a strike in -Arkansas, and involving the liability of organized ktbor for losses caus f-4 by acta of violence; the Wrscon siu case, in which 41 other states Reined to test the right of the inter state commerce commission to'au *tho?ize interstate railroads to raise ilfelr rates Within a state, and the Western;Union case, in which the g >^ernment sought to prevent the j Unding of a.cable at Miami. Some important cases are to be re?rgued before a full bench. These include the United Shoe Machin ery case brought under the- Clayton act to test a contract prohibiting lessees from using other machines in tike manufacture of shoes; .the American Column & Lumber Co., case, a proceeding in which the goveirtnient . contends monopoly &nd restraint of trade is obtained by agr\ ements under a so-called i -?en Competition Plan;" the Atherton -Jills ease, from North Carolina," testing the act imposing a prohibitory tax on the products of milis^ using child labor; the American Steel Foundries and the Troitx' cases, the former from 11 Hnois and the latter from Arizona, in. which the right ?f labor to pick et during a strike is involved; Wyo- j ming's effort to prevent the diver sion by Colorado of water fr?n? r "-?.-> j Laramie river; the Standard Fash- i ion1 case, involving the question j -whether a dealer can by contract j be*e$nired by producers to exelu- | ?ively* handle their products, and , ^e;-.'iteIin^e-Walker Milling Co. ! case,-is which state laws requiring j j^feimsr and corporations engaged \ in business to register are being j contested as restrictions to inter-j stote" commerce. At the head o* the eases assigned ? hy the court for argument to begin | oh October 10 is one of the numer- j oua New York gas cases based on j increased rates. The next case to be heard by the court, according to schedule, relates to prohibition ! f^ulatiohs, in which Charles Cor- j nell and George J. Ohio seek to remove to their homes certain dis- I t?^" spirits which they have had ; in bonded, warehouses since before ? the constitutional amendment was adopted.' The E. 1. du Pont de- j Xemours Powder-Company case is! the third among the assigned cases j presenting the question whether! stock issued by a newly created ? company for distribution among ^oc)che2dcrs of parrent cmojjany is \ subject to the federal income tax. I It will be followed by the reargu mentof the American Column &? Lhrnber case. ? o ? News Reporters Provided For Kansas City. Mo., Sept. 30.?Ac- j commodations for correspondents, j re presenting the .'biggest newspa- j p-ers, niagazines and news drrstribut iagAgencies in the countly will be j provided during the convention of j the American Legion here Octub- ! er .Si-November 2. The plan de- j vfoed* by the convention executive ; committee calls for a press-box fh?* : entire length of the stage, with a passage leading under sjmakers' ; stand to a press-room where type writers will be provided, together ; With mukigraph machines and op erators at specially installed tele graph keys. Newspaper men. provided with cards- that vouch for their eredren ttals may'go freely back and forth from the press I?ox to the press room. - Stenographic reports of the convention proceedings will he transcribed in "takes" which will l>e turned over to the American Legion News Service desk, where the copy will be edited down to what might interest the newspaper write'*. The edited, copy will be sent, a page at j a-time-, to the multigraph machine beneath the stage, where it will be stenciled and multigraphed, and the copies sent back to the press box, to be distributed to the news correspondents. Under the plan an adequate run-S nfng story of the proceedings will reach the press box on an average Of twenty minutes behind actual ? happenings on the convention floor, j according to Chester T. Start, chair man of publicity. BOLSHEVISM IN EDUCATION A recent sstre of The Outlook contaoed a seraohing criticism of the present-day system of public sehoois. and their failure to accom plish results, written by James Annan Ayers, a well known educac tor of New Jersey. Mr. Avers says: The Bolsheviki in Russia over turned the existing order of things and went to the opposite extreme. Instead of seeking to curb evils which necessarily arise in any long contmued rule or method, to work from the inside in patience and earnestness, they attempted new theories, with the expectation that anything new and radical would be better than the "old and conserva tive! ? * " That hope is not confined to Rus sia. $ior to the present time, nor to politics. In religion, in economics, in. education, there has always been the struggle between those who have not and are naturally dis satisfied and those who have and who wish no new partners in their close corporations, and there al ways will be that struggle so long as human natun* is human nature untouched by love of fellow-man. But revolutions, whether they lye called Bolshevism or any other ephemeral name, must revolve slowly or they often defeat the very purpose of their origin ?nd brim, ?.beut worse -evils than those of the Old regime. The will of a revolu tionary majority'is not always sane. 'The secondary, or hijrh, schools of the United States are the "out growth of the old academies, which were primarily higher institutions of learning for the 'communities in whk-h they Were located. Second arily they'were preparatory schools for colleges. They-were presided over by mew who could,' and did. prepare boys in fJutin and Greek for college, and whose aim was to rndstee as many' as possible to go. I Bur the irroportion was always j small, save in the" strictly prepara tory schools that.w^re feeders for j certain colleges, because Latin and j Greek and a college education were neecssary only for ministers and j teachers. A college course was not j essential to any other profession and was considered a detriment /n I business. So the real aim of these j old academies was the erection of a low but solid superstructure upon ! the foundation of district school. I Mathematics was the principal sub-11 ject in the curriculum. There was higher arithmetic, with problems! in mensuration and problems of in terest, of practical benefit to the \ farmer's boy or to the grocer's ; clerk: there was algebra to develop j pure reason and geometry to enable ! the pupil to visualize. The propo sitions in geometry he had to mem orize, and foolishly, perhaps, even their number in the book. Next in j importance was grammar?not pre- I digested- breakfast-food stuff, but , solid, tiresome, dull, agonizing rules and conjugations and parsing. 1 When the boy got through these, , he was older than the present I school generation: but he could think wifh conviction, and hot, fearsomely. as if just" beginning his ! mental steps.* Mental science and ; moral science each had a place in j the curriculum. Over the thoughts ; of great men the boys pondered and ' stumbled hahrrfgly in their groping j for the applications' of life. Per- j haps they did; not get very far. but ; so far as they went they thought. ! And they developed a power and ! an independence by debates?de- j bates at which we would smile now, ; doubtless, but debates full of en- j thusiasm and fighting spirit. In j these academies occurred the men- | tal birth of the thinking nucleus of j communities. Many an, inglorious Milton and embryonic Newton or j local Demosthenes lie buried in un- | known churchyards. These acad emies were hard schools for the : best and no refuge for the incom petent and lazy. The eulling-out process began in the entering class, and did not cease during the en tire course. If a subject was- not! mastered by a pupil, it was re peated or the pupil was dropped, j That was a hardship to the pride ? of many, and the academy began to be called the rich man's school. Asseverations of that kind, howev er unjust, if repeated often enough, serve their purpose. So the close ; corporations of trustees gave way gradually to elected officials, and ! public high schools came into be- ! ing. From the selection of repre- ! sentative men to the erection of. ward politicians, intellectual Bol- I sheviki. to sclvool boards was a fairly, rapid degeneration. As a re- j suit, tiie independent and intense ly respected schoolmaster, who lov- i ed thoroughness as he loved honor. ( gradually passed Out of existence. ! There were exceptions, both as to school board's and schoolmen, but j in the main the pressure to relax the- rigidity of the work was too I great to be resisted. Then the col- i leges began to complain- of the high school product. To meet that, ad- ' ditional-courses were started in the I high school for those who did not intend to jro to college?courses i which were frankly weaker?and ! the eollege entrance, course was stiffened. For a while that served, but even the intellectual Bol.slicviki began to realize that- it hardly paid to keep ; a large number in the hi^h school, : idling or marking time, simply for the doubtful honor of a diploma, i Something of practical value should be given to the mental idler, and i into existence .sprang the vocation al high school, which, as a r.ih /is neither- vocational nor high. 1 am making a statement which is borne out repeatedly by the facts when I say that the girl in such a school takes dressmaking one or two hours h week, and at the end of a year receives so many counts toward her diploma; the boy goes to the machine *?hop for a like pe riod of time, and also receives so many counts toward his diploma, j 1? the girl a dressmaker? By no means. The most that is claimed is that she has learned the prin ciple* which her grandmother knew at twelve years of age with f~';. 1 out going to school. Can she make I a dress? JHardry. although oeca I sionaliy she does make one at the direction and under the constant j supervision of her teacher: She does make an apron to keep her ! frock clean. Is the* boy a me j chanie? Not so that you could no tice it. although he is surrounded j by expensive apparatus. "He knows principles." we are told. Per sonally IIrather doubt that, for the j thorough1 understanding of the : principles of mechanics is only for j those who have served hard terms ! of apprenticeship' or for those who ; have mastered the mathematics of I physics. j What is true 1 dressmaking and 'manual training is true of other \ branches. A smattering of a large number is taught, hut the child is ! aft incompetent as his father, who idled four years in the classical school., The object of the voca tional work done is Pot a vocation, but counts for graduation. The ex pensive plant has done little or On the contrary, it has taught him to place a premium upon a smat tering in many things rather than upon a thorough understanding of a few. It has weakened his men tal powers not only, but his morals as well, for. while it wrongly boasts of teaching principles, it fails in teaching the greatest moral principle of all?that only through hard work and self-sacrifice and thoroughness can any lasting bene fit be derived. The very principle insisted upon in lxxsket-b?ll or foot ball or - baseball?viz. drill, drill, drill. On fundamentals?is the last thing thought of apparently in the mental gymnasium. No one raises the foolish objection of "lack of time*' on the athletic field. It must be done to insure success. Is' the mind o? less importance than the body? Can it be insulted with greater impunity? As the vocational high-school has not proved a panacea for <.duca lional ills which seen to increase rather than diminish, the elemen tary school has become the field for experiments. Quite' naturally the elementary school must keep pace with the high school. If the course of study in the latter be enriched by many new subjects, the former should receive proportionate atten tion. And, bless my heart, it did! If it no longer gave thorough prep aration for the high school, it add ed cooking and sewing and nianual training and basketry and printing and first-year science, among oth er things. But the minds of boys and girls are not so very different from milk-cans. You can pour just so much in, and ft you are de termined to fill them half full of water th?-y will not be full of milk; So we. dropped or discouraged grammar and substituted "oral English," which has as many definitions as "freedom of the seas." Drill in spelling became old fashioned. It took too much time and was unnecessary except for stenographers; and those who wish ed- to be stenographers could take it up in the vocational high school. Mo-st of them, apparently, laid it dewn again very quickIt. A few extremists-?Lenines in* the educa tional field?urged the death of ad vanced arithmetic and such bour geois subjects, and in almost the same breath insisted upon those ymingsters studying European his tory in order to understand the origin of America and its ideals. Then the "Gary sjviem" rame as a Ptting climax to this -orgy, with its rapid shift from study to play, to lecture, to pupil teaching, - re member, when visiting one Gary school in a large city, having the principal show me with >ride the varied activities of the pupils ("ac tivities" is right, I think>. He pointed out a room where the boys were taught "the principles of elec- \ tricky*' two hours a week for a pe riod of ten weeks. 1 asked him \ the practical benefit, for these i schools are supposed to be prac tical, and he replied that the boys j should be able to install an electric 1 bell system that was out of order,! and he seemed rather put out when I inquired if he did not think i twenty hours was a long time in j which to teach a boy how to replace j a battery. Perhaps my question was flippant, but the work in that! school seemed to warrant a flippant j question. If the pupils really mas- i tcred principles, twenty hours was j an extremely short time. Even Edison has not finished yet. If they I could only string a wire or replace! a battery it was a waste of time with a loss of mental and of mor- : al fiber. The fact that in a school | of that type there is a constant movement of classes from class- ! room to gymnasum. to auditorium, j to playground, to cIass-room*again, j with the added stir of X going j home and Y coming in, does not ' mean necessarily either concentra- j tion or work. It does- mean ac- j tivity. So does anarchy. One can get the same amount of activity and lack of concentration in a monkey- f infested forest. The whole idea at present in j some minds se< ms to be to hold the ; interest of the child, not because} of the child, but because of his bal- j lot-holding and office-holding fath- , er. and it may not be until the child I himself becomes a parent and has j seen the utter worthlossness of it i all that he will highly resolve that ; his sacrifice shall not be in vain ?and that his children shall not )n> pamp- ! ered. Better a little severity with j its hardships than to have hun- ! dreds of pupils entering high school with a choice collection of ill-di- I gested facts and a dense ignorance of fundamental things, of which the following is a fair example: ; "'The boy running' is a sen'?nee. ; 'The' is the subject, 'boy' t e predi- | cate." j It is impossible to cure Bolshe vism in ( duration by inventing new ; titles or names. The Montessori J method, the Gary tr t?*m, the jun ior high school, mereiy put off the day of reckoning by diverting men's j minds fro mthe real source of trouble. [f it wer?' possible we could add sortie more terms to create ir;t?-rest or- to cater to vanity. \ like grammar-high or elementary 1 college. New names and new buildings will divert for a time ! only. The cure for Bolshevism in -du I cation lies in education, not in a ; smattering of subjects, that follow, ; one after the other, in kaleidos ; eopie fashion. The average norni I ally healthy child of thirteen is ; not able to do much more than to ' learn arithmetic, spelling, geo graphy. United States history, and i grammar (grammar, not oral Eng j lish>. That little extra should be ? given to the principles and ideals j of his government, which gives him i an education, and to the founda I tion prineiples of ethics; for in a republic every man is his brother's I keeper. We are beginning to real ', izft the 'danger of ignoring that ! fact. ! When the child has been'gradu ated from the elementary school, I let him elect to sro either to the : high school, which will merely [ broaden and deepen and strength - ' en a foundation for higher learn ing, or to a public trade school j where the aim will not be a di|>fo j ma but a real preparation for life, : a preparation that may take one year or six, depending upon the j course pursued and the ability of I the pupil. That preparation will be ? just as thorough as a course in the I best high schools, and more thor I ough than in most. It may be just : as cultural as the combined course ! of high school and college, j Would the girl become a design ] er of dresses?" She would take j mathematics through geometry, j mechanical drawing, painting, or at least the study of colors, pictor | ial drawing, chemistry to know j dyes and textiles, English to appear ! i well in her business. French, pos j sibly, to learn the history of de-; I sign. To become a designer she ; would become versed in such sub- | : jects as would make her aSvell ! rounded woman as well as an ex- i i pert in her line. Would she be-! I come a private secretary ? In ad i dition to the study of the mechan-! i pooS si jretji PHUO- ^qz toi Sutqjou \ I ical duties of such position she; would study English, other litera- ': ! tures- than her own, history, busi- I ! ness procedure, the principles of | j business law, know how to appear, j I and, if possible. be fluent in one! foreign language. The more culture j J she could absorb while studying j i the duties of a secretary, the more j practical and valuable she would; j be. Would the boy become a me-! j chanic? He would have mathe- j j matics through spherical trigono- j I mctry. the physics and the chemis- j [try which are tauyiht in college,: I metallurgy, and English. j Public trade schools that stood; j for something real and turned out j I experts?not cheap help?would | I draw from the present high schools those whose taste does not incline' ! them to a higher cultural life or j whose means are such that each ! step must be a distinct prepara-1 ! tion for a wage-earner, and the J f high schools could immediately j ! cease to eater to incompetence or \ laziness and could strengthen their ; teaching. The purpose of educa# I tion would be equally served, only; ! in different ways, m both schools?. I In the trade school the child will! j necesarily see fh? reason for each j step of his progress; he is adding I completed room after completed i i room to his mental, house as he j 1 needs it. In the high school he is j j digging a deep? foundation/Sor a | j irtructure he cannot see and may; J not have "planned. What he does he I i must do on faith for a time. That; [ is why so many high school pupils j ' at present' lose rnterest and refuse ! i to work. "They are from Mis- i I souri.'* They wish to be shown. ! j I imagine that both trade school i I and high school plus college would I 'achieve the same result intellectual-! i ly and culturally. Certainly the j j trade school would not suffer in j i comparison from the intellectual; I standpoint. They would deal with ; ! the same quality of minds, albeit of! I different types. j The restless period in education j/al ideals and purposes will pass ; just as it will pass in political life. Eventually the radical element will j j become conservative for a time.} How long that time will be inj school affairs will depend upon school executives rather than j teachers. Teachers can be trusted j as a rule to be strict and to be thorough. Executiv? ? can be trust- j ed to listen to the applause of the] gallery and to worship at the shrine of some new ism. That sounds bru- j aal, but our present method of j popular, government and constant! change does not create strong back bones. It weakens them. And what shall it profit a school super intendent to have a strong back bone and no job. especially when he has given hostages to fortune in the shape of wife and children? So he yields to the Bolshevist pres sure and waxes enthusiastic over j each new fad. and, if he be astute, j places the psychology of his com- i munity before the needs of his pu- j pils. A long term" for both super intendent and board of education j would create independence and be i the means of achieving results. Jut as we must modify some of our ideas in political life in order to ? i have extended and well-thought- j out plans of economical govern- j meht and international relations, j so we must modify some of our no- ; liens of elections in educational ; matters if we would look far in the ! future fer results that will stand j common-sense tests. We ourselves are Bolsheviki in spirit unless for j our children as well as for our neighbors"' children we insist upon j thoroughness. As Sweet as Usual The country is as sweet as nor mal, according to E. W. Mayo of the Sugar Producers Conference, who reports the consumption of sugar for each person in the coun try for the past six months averag- j ed 47 pounds. ? ? ? Tariff tinkerers usually have a high conception of duty.?Akron , Beacon Journal. Auto runs better in the fall?and so do noses. Ida Tarbell on Safety First Woman Writer Says Women Can Solve the Problem Boston. Sept. 2S.?Care has be come out of fashion as much as a bicycle, while recklessness is as popular as an automobile. Ida M. Tarbell of New York told the del egate to the National Safety Coun cil here tonight. I am not here to talk about the new area of work which women in the war added to that already held." Miss Tarbell said, "but rattier that it consider the possi bility of rallying to the work ol the counueil a great -body of wo men entirely outside of industry itself but responsive to appeals for public service, and many of them organized in such a way as to fo cus power and influence quickly on tasks which appeal to their imag inations and to their hearts. "The phyehologioal effect of the present indifference to safety in our streets and on our highways cannot be ignored by industry. The wanton recklessness of the road dulls the attention and interest of the industrial worker, puts a pre mium on 'tailing a chance'?care becomes as out of fashion as a bi cycle?recklessness as popular as an automobile. That is public safety is the direct concern of in dustrial safety. The latter cannot accomplish its ends as long as the mental attitude it needs for its worlc is constantly weakened by wanton indifference to the form er. "The woman power of the coun try must be enlisted. I do not know a finer job than to go after the women, particularly organized women. "1 understand the feeling of cer tain women that a woman in in dustry section is what you may call a throw-back, that women should be taken into the safety council not as women at all but as industrial workers, regardless of sex. We have a long way to go socially, and industrially in this world before women will cease to be differen tiated from men in all activities. Mother Nature will have to undo her work entrely before there will be no special problems connected with women wherever you meet them. "It is the bsuiness of this sec tion to handle whatever there is si>e< 'al in the problem, whether it is the best method of creuing the obstinate girl at a dnagerous ma chine to wear her cap, or having persuaded her to wear it. to keep her bangs tucked in: or whether it is the big and definite problem that I am suggesting, enlisting tbo women ol the country. or?:-.rii red, and unorganized in a public safety campaign. "It is something of a job. and if it had not been for the expe ?*en."e with women's organizatons in the war I should not feel so hopeful about it. T! at experence convinc ed me that the woman power of the country can be mobilized for permanent safety work, it this sec tion will lead the way. "Suppose that this section was able to rally in each state to work for industrial and public safety all of the great women's roganized as sociations, to persuade them to take up this work as a permanent interest, what a power we would have behind the National Safety council.' Properly put to them, they would rise to it like a usn to fly. It is their kind of thing. ? If this council is going into public safety work, as I most cer tainly believe it is its duty to do. passing on to the public its splen did experience and achievement, it is going to need the women. And it ought to be the business of this section to help to capture them for this enterprise." ? ?> Lime in the Bulb Gamlen. Lime, slacked lime, or as it is often sold, hydrated lime, or the commercial finely ground lime stone, is one of the standard and most useful fertilizers for the bulb garden. Every bulb garden needs a liming every so often. This is particularly true of tu lips. The ideal fertilizer for tulips is bone meal and lime alternating every other year. Sow the lime so that the beds will look as if there had been a light snow, gently rake it in and let the rains do the rest. Lime, while in itself not a fertiliz er, liberates other plant materials in the soil and renders it available for the bulbs. Narcissus need liming from time to time, and for the iris garden it is absolutely essential for the best results. The German iris are lime lovers and they should be given liberal dressings. The little seems to add to the brightness "of the tu lips and they show the results of an application by an increase of vigor, both in size of bloom and length of stem. Lime is the cheapest fertilizer that can be purchased and can al ways be secured in the home mar ket. Lime your bulbs this fall, if you have not done so before. However, if you have used bone meal, wait a season before apply ing the lime, unless the bone meal was placed in the soil a month I or two previous to planting. A New Otliuhi? .\ staid business man. buying a therniiOSt bottle in a department store, was accosted by a well-bred woman customer at the same coun ter, who seemed to be having dif ficulty in purchasing a flask. She asked him if he would mind trying the flask, she was buying for her husband, in his hip-pocket. He did so. It fitted with ease and she went away happy with it. Perhaps there may be a saying some day to the effect: "He's the kind of man who let his wife buy his hip-pock et flask." ? ?? ?? As a one hundred per cent Amer ican organization the Kn Klux Klan is not n If?l* 1 model. You can l?-11 that by the hood. -Detroit News. Grain Dealers' Association 2,000 Meet in Chicago to Dis cuss Legislation, Finance and Other Matters Chicago, Oct. 2.? Freak and ?-las.? legislation, according to members of the Grain Dealers' National As I soHation. must be stamped out if ! American industry is to properly expand. I -*lt should be madi- impossible for an active and aggressive mi ; nority, aided by skillful lobbying. I to obtain class laws, detrimental to I business," said John B. Maling of I :'e\v Haven. Indiana. He will be j one of the chief speakers on Ickis I Ir.tion at the association's twcntv j fifth annual convention which will j open here tomorrow. For three days Chicago, the giant funnel through which is poured a ! large part of the produce of agri ! cultural America, will he the head ! quarters of 2,000 of the associa \ tion's 5,000 members. Besides the i problem of class legislation which ; is characterized by Charles Quinn, ' secretary-treasurer, and other orfi | cers of the association as an ene | my of normal industrial conditions, j the convention will consider trans i portation. South ? American trade I development, international linance and means of overcoming unem i ploy men t. ; Finance will be discussed by Da ; vid R. Forgan, president of the : National City Bank. Chicago. Prob i lems bearing directly on agriculture ; and the grain trade will be treated by President Joseph P. Griffin of I the Chicago Board of Trade: B. E. ! Clement, Waco. Texas, President of I the Grain Dealers' National Asso : ciation, and Governor Warren T. I MeCray of Indiana, former presi i dent of the association. ! Frank 0. Lowden, former gov I ernor of Illinois, and Asbury F. Le | ver of the Federal Farm Loan Bu j reau, will be the speakers at a ban I ciuet Tuesday. Eight former pres '. idents of the association which ; was organized with a membership J of sixty in lS&tj will occupy one j table at the banquet. Special con i vention rates have been made by 1 all railroads leading into Chicago. 1 Good Maps Needed. So far as South Carolina is con cerned the Philadelphia Public . Ledger is wholly right when it , complains of the scarcity of good I maps in this country. There are j very few counties in this state of j which accurate surveys and maps ; have been made since the time of j Robert Mills, whose celebrated ! "Statistics." with its accompanying ; maps, was issued nearly ?a hun I dred years ago. The accuracy of ! the maps which were gotten out I by Mills is conceded, we believe, ; even by those who question the i "Statistics." But the Mills* maps j are, of course, long out of date, j they are very scarce, and the data ; which, they presented was neces [sarily limited. The Public Ledger in the article ! of which we have spoken was re ! ferring to the need of good topo ; graphic maps for the entire United ' States. Its article has drawn forth i a letter from Dr. George Otis I Smith, director of the United States Geological Survey, in which Dr. I Smith says that it is trupe, as stat j ed by The Public Ledger, that at present "only about two-fifths of I the area of the United States is ade ; quately mapped," and he adds that j The Public Ledger could have stat \ ed further "that at the present rate ' of progress in making surveys with ; the small amount of funds provided by congress, the mapping of the ; United States will not be complet ! ed short of one hundred years." Dr. Smith calls attention to the ; fact that a-hill is/now pending in congress, known as the Temple bill, ! which would authorize the com I pletion of the topographic mapping ! of the United States within a rea sonable time, "making the data j secured by such surveys available ; when most needed for the develop j'ment of our country." He declares i that the passage of this bill "can i not be too strongly urged," point I ing out that it would kjneet the I needs of engineers engaged on de j velopment work now and would I also be of the greatest benefit in ; providing the country with suitable I maps in ease of war. The value of I the topographic maps for planning : development work of all sorts has been proved over and over again. It is a great pity that such maps are not available for every county in South Carolina. ? News and j Courier. -? ? - ; Sugar Producers Also Hard Hit. Honolulu. T.H.,Sept.l5 (by mail) i j The tremendous effect that the con- ! ] dition of the world's sugar bowl has upon the life of the Hawaiian Islands was exemplified here rec- J entiy when the United States cus- ; toms officials anounced that there j had been a decrease of $14.503.- \ 124 in the territory's exports to the mainland United State? during the fiscal year ending June $0. last, as compared with the exports ot the previous fiscal year. Only the fact that the value of exported tanned pineapples inc reased by nearly $11.000.000 kept the figures from falling much low er as they reflected the fall in price of raw sugar from its peak' price of 23.56 cents per pound in l!'2t> to its present price of less than five cents a pound. The de cline in the value of exported raw sugar during 1921 was $2"?7"?7 2. 520 under 11)20. the respective tiz ures being $91,048.269 and $116. 420,795. The total exports were $127.692. s::). comparred with $142.246.003 for 1920 and $93.018.404 for 1919. Hawaii's purchases from the mainland increased nearly $18.-.j ooo.fnni during the 1921 period over 192?' the respective figures being $77.324.114 and $59.261.621, | compared diih $43.572.794 in 1919, "Medicine for Headache," says an adv. flood swap, leu what do they want with the headache. Celebration of Chicago Fire Semi Cenienniel To Be Fea tured by Historical Page ant _ ? j Chicago. Sept. 27.?Mrs. O'Leary and h*-v celebrated cow will have no part in the observance of the semi-centennial of the Chicago Fire, to be held here October 2-1 ',, it was disclosed today. The reason being that a search of the records of tile lire department shows that both Mrs. 0'L< ary and the cow had I r?tir--d n hour before The tire started, and had nothing to do with 1 starting 'he blaze, although it did . start in ?he O'Leary cow-shed. These records show that there ; \va^ :i rumor at the time that neijjh- j bors '.a-.; slipped into the barn to milk the cow for materials for an oyster stew or a milk punch, and another thatga bunch of boy? from the neighborhood were smoking in the bar; . .A broken lamp was found in the ruins of the barn the day after the i tire. This gave rise to the report. : now be< ome a legend, that Mrs. O'Leary had gone to the barn in the evening carrying a In nip and j that the cow, piqued at being dis- j turbed, had kicked her mistress, ' who dropped the lamp, and the big doings were on. The fire department investigators.; learned that Mrs. O'Leary had. a> sore fool on the day of the fire and had retired at 8:00 that evening. It j was deemed unlikely that she would have arisen and gone to the barn after the chores were all j done, especially with a sore foot, ; hence she was absolved from all i blam*. But the popular rumor out- [ ran the official records, and the i things best remembered about the j great disaster are Mrs. O'Leary and I her cow. Two men who later headed the j Chicago fire department . were members of the first engine com- i \ pany, No. 6, to arrive at the fire. \ ! They v.>re William Musham, who i was for-, man of the company, and I John Campion, assistant foreman. Both laaer became fire marshal, i The rire will be vividly repro- j duced in the fourth scene of the : festival play portraying Chicago's history, which is to be given in ' Grant Park., in a specially built au ditorium seating 15.000 persons. A cast of more than 2,500. with a j ! chorus of 1.000 singers and an or- j ; chestra of 100 pieces, will be em-j ployed In presenting the play. The first scene shows the com- ; i ing of Marquette and Joilet, the j French missionaries, in 1673. Old | j Fort Dearborn in 1SG-3 and the j massacre in 1812 are shown in the : second scene. In the third, the i j last Indian treaty, signed in 1SC3, | by which the Indians traded a mil ! lion acres of land in Illinois for a \ 1 million in Missouri and left Illinois forever, is shown. ( The fourth scene shows the days i of the Civil War. and closes with I the fire. The fifth shows the : World s Fair, and the sixth shows I the days of the World War and | j closes with a p'rophetie vision of j what Chicago may be fifty years hence. ? ? ? Volapuk of Northwest ; Pioneers and Indians Invent ed a Universal Language Tamoca, Wash., Sept. 27.?The I Chinook jargon, the prevalent j means of communication in pio { neer days between traders of all ! nations and the Indians, is still j j heard in the Northwest when old | : settlers meet in reunion or at-j pioneer picnics. The jargon is said j .to date back to the early part of; j the 18th century when English and j j Spanish navigators adopted certain ! vowels and consonants to convey j their meaning to the Indians. The ; dialect grew in the course of the i "ears, until finally words were evolved to express almost every j ! idea that might occur. It was the | j universal language during the early : j trading period, and was known by Indians. English. French. Span- ; j iards. and Americans alike. One ! ' of the first things a settler did when j J coming to the Northwest was to I I learn Chinook so that he could con ! verse with the Indians. Each J tribe had a language of its Own. ; i but all knew Chinook, j Some of the most common Chin- \ ' ook expressions and their meanings j j are as follows:: klahowya. good i morning: kahtah mika, what ails j I you: kumtnx mika Boston wawa. do you understand English: kah mika okoke opalo. where did you catch that trout: kahta mika. how are you: chahco yahRwa, come J here friend: abba, very well: Bos ton man, American: chil chil, stars; chuck, water: ki-nooti, tobacco: cultus, worthless; moo-lok, elk: i til-i-kum. friend: tin-tin, musical; instrument: si-wash, Indian: skoo- : kum, strong: and suk-wal-al, gun. Some of these words have be come fairly current in this section. In ordinary speech a man often re fers to a dear friend as his "tili cum" a person who is of little ac count is often called "cultus."' and "skookum" is often applied to a man of great strength or physical vigor. ENROLLMENT AT UNIVERSITY Columbia. Sept. 24.?The largest enrollment ir the history of the institution is reported by the l"ni versity of South Carolina. The enrollment to date has gone be yond 440, and others are register ing today. Many students usual ly register about the first of Oc tober, and the enrollment is ex- J pocted to reach 500 by that time and G00 by tin- middle of the Win- . ter. Last year at this time the enrollment was only -4117, hut by the middle of the session the at tendance had exceeded '!??". Pres ident Currell says tin- University is expecting the besl year of its his tory. When money is tight, fewer men are. 500 Bodies Taken From Vast Ruins Three Hundred Persons Still Missing at Oppau Mayence, Germany, Sept. 23. ? More than 500 bodies have been re covered from the vast ruins of the Badische plant at Oppau and it is considered certain that three hun dred persons still are missing. Two thousand wounded, four hundred of them seriously, are scattered in temporary hospitals for miles around the scene of Wednesday's explosion. The 150-acre plant site and a vast area around it present a pic ture not unlike that of a shell-torn battle field. Earth is mixed with pulverized concrete and bits of metal l'rom hundreds of shattered mac hines. Some bodies have been recovered at a depth of 20 feet. c Engineers add little to theAex planation already made of the dis aster. Then- is said to have been 4.000 tons of salts in two reservoirs, one of them causing the other to explode, and that six great gas tanks and other chemicals detonat ed from tin* concussion. The chief engineer of the Badische Company is quoted as declaring himself mystified as it was believed the salts could not explode. These salts are various!-.- described as ammonia salts and nitrate of soda. All the sentries of the French military _post in the plant are missing and it is believed the entire post was obliterated by the explo sion. Roughly estimated, the ma terial damage exceeds l.GOO.GOO, Ouo marks. Store fronts collapsed at Worms, about 12 miles distant, windows are smashed at Frankford, while in Heidelberg damage esti mated at 750,800 marks is reported. A Hopeless Optimist Soap Box Orator Will Ask Profiteers to Divide With Destitute New York. Sept. 24. ? Urban Ledoux .auctioneer of the unem ployed, will go to Washington and appeal to President Harding to publish a list of war profiteers with the hope that they would split half their earnings with the destitute and unemployer war veterans. The request will refer to those who made more than a hundred per cent profit. ? o o ? A Model of a Man Oklahoma Overseas Veteran Picked as Perfect Specimen Muskogee. Okla., Sept. 22.?Al though fame as a sculptor's.model awaits him, Olin L. Stone of this city prefers the modest p-lace of a store clerk. Soon, his image will be emblazoned on ?umemorial that will overlook the historic battlefield of Chateau Thierry, France. Selected from a hundred Ameri-. can doughboys who represneted the best physical specimens ? of the American Expeditionary Force, Stone has since had numerous op portunities to pose- for artists of world-wide renown. To all, how ever, he has turned a deaf ear and quietly continued his duties in an ?"army store" here. Stone's image will adorn a statue that, when' completed, will form a unit of what is declared will be one of the most artistic battle monu ments erected in commemoration of the world war. It will be cut in stone IS feet high and 8 feet wide Stone will represent an American soldier standing on a pedestal, tailor than the image of a French. soMier, who stands at at tention. The figure of a French girl with one hand resting on the Frenchman's shoulder and the oth er extending a farewell handshake to the American, will complete the group. The memorial will be the work of Constant Roux. French sculptor and of Howard Davis, an American sculptor. It is expected it will be completed next year. Stone saw service in the battles of Cantrgny. Montdidier, Aisne, Marne. Meuse and Argonne. He also served with the Army of Occu pation and in December, 1918, was returned to France to receive dec orations. When it was decided to erect the memorial at Chateau Thierry, a careful selection began for the American whose figure was to adorn the monument. The selec tions finally dwindled to a hun dred, and these men were sent to Paris for a t\na.l choice by artists. Stone was the unanimous choice of Roux and Davis. Immigration Into Canada A recovery of immigration into Canada amounting to 27 per cent over the previous year occurred in the year ending March 30, 1921. Of a total of 14S.0O0 imigrants 74, 000 were British, 48,000 came from the United States and 26,000 from other countries. Emigration from the United States to Canada increased steadily from 2.400 in 1917 to the high point of 139.m)0 in 1913. The flow was ?hecked at the outbreak of the war by the prospect of conscription and leavy war taxation, and later by the increased prosperity of the United States. An even greater reduction followed the armistice and the pres ent recovery is but a small advance toward resumption of the prewar movement. American immigrants are emi nently desirable, not only because hey are assimilated without diffi culty, since living conditions are so much a.like in the two .conturies. but because they are on the average wealthier than the setlers from any >ther country, it is estimated by he Department of Immigration and Colonization that the American set ters in 1920 brought with them wealth averaging $372 per capita. It is estimated that the British im migrant before the recent enact-* tnent preseri ing possession of af least brought with him on th^ iverage about $100.