The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, May 18, 1921, Image 7
Erivan: Capital of
a Hunted Nation
Graphic Description of Pictures
que Section of Armenia
' "Washington, May 14?Erivan, lat
est capital of Armenia, which press
reports say has been recently pillaged
-by Bolshevik conquerors/ is t h e
subject of the following communica
tion to the National Geographic So
ciety from Maynard Owen Williams,
Mr. Wilhams, who has been collect
ing information and pictures for the
Society in the new countries of Eu
rope and Asia, writes:
"In Vain and Erivan the Armenians
had two of the most delightfully sit
uated of cities. Van, the ancient cap
ital, backed by ten thousand foot
mountains, looks across the wonder
fully blue lake of the same- name to
the rough crater rim of Nimrud and
?tho perfect cone of Sipan, with the
snowy ridge of the mountains or
Kurdistan to the south. Since the
spring of 1918 when the Turks swept
through toward Tabriz, no Armenian
has lived in that ill-fated city over
which war has washed in repeated
waves of terror and destruction.
Centre of Armenian Nationality
Erivan, the new capital, is situated
on the northern edge of the wide plain
of the River Arax. which stretches
from thfxt city tothe slopes of 17,000
foot Ararat, one of the world's lord
liest mountains. It was the city to
ward which the Armenians retreated
time and again during the war and
it has been the city around which Ar
menian nationality has centered dur
ing* the stormy period since the Arm
istice. ?
"Behind Erivan rises a line of hills
which strech northward to lofty
iLake Gokcha, with a famous old
monastery on an island near its wes
tern shore, and through these moun
tains; some of them more than two
miles high, there winds the well built
miltary road'which leads to Akstafa
and to Tiflis. Steep ascents are nego
tiated by intricate hairpin turns and
the views as one dashes, along in a
motor car are a lovely succession of
prosperous valleys and wooded'moun
tain sides.
"Erivan is also connected with Tif
lis. Georgia, and Tabriz. Persia, by a
railway, which however has been in
operation very little , since 1918. In
March of 1918, the American relief
worker* who had built up a large
"warehouse and many kinds of work
shops in Erivan, were forced to leave.
Two of them, John Elder and James
Arrol, who had gone down through
the Caucasus to open Y. M. C. A.
?work, remained behind and did what
they could to alleviate the sufferings
of the people until the road to the
outside world was open.
Pass From Terror to Terror
"Surrounded as they have been by
many foes, the Armenians of Erivan
have passed from one terror to an
other. They have had dealings with
Turk and Bolshevik in an effort to
save what is left of the vanishing
race.
^ "Twelve miles away toward the
River Arax, the Armenian Swanee, .
there is the quaint little town of
Etchmiadzin, the home of the Ar
menian Katholikos, who is chosen by
the entire Armenian nation, including
those in India and Russia as well as
those in Turkey and Persia, and who
is the spiritual head of the national
Church which has been the kernal
of Armenian national life for cen
turies.
"Eriyan itself is a place of little in
terest, although it contains the ruins
of a Turkish fortress four centuries
old and the Blue Mosque of Hussein
Ali Khan, whose enameled tiles rival
those at the Tombs of Shakh Zindi
in Samarkand. Each year in this
Christian city there is a passion play
depicting the assassination of Hus
sein, the son of Ali, enacted by the
Moslem population.
Plain Dotted With Village Ruins
"There it stands, a nondescript
city between the mountains into
which the1 helpless people have re
peatedry retreated and the rich plain
of the Arax, dotted with the ruins of
Armenian and Tatar villages. And
across ^he hazy plain, standing alone
in its majesty rises the huge mass
of Ararat, snow-capped and impres
sive, from which the Armenian priests
long since copied their headgear and
toward which the anguished people
now gaze with little hope.
"Across the western shoulder of
Ararat they have come, leaving be
hind them their beloved homes be
sides the turpoise lake at the foot
of Castle Hill in Van, its sides carv
ed with boastful inscriptions left by
a dozen conquerors. To be conquer
ed, to be pounded in the surf of na
tional strife and to be cruelly crushed
by the backwash of war?this has
been the history of Erivan since the
Russian front in the Caucasus crum
bled beneath the weight of four years j
of misunderstood conflict, and disor
der spread over the Armeninn pla
teau where war and massacre had
long been known."
Why Ship is 'She'.
Here are some answers to the ques
tion:
"Why do they call a ship she?*'
If you ever tried to steer one you
wouldn't ask.
Because it takes so long to pret them
ready to go anywhere.
They need almost as much dolling
up and paintst as any woman you
ever saw.
A ship's gotta have its own way or
it won't go.
Ships always come off the ways
backward like the members of a cer
tain SCX alighting from street cars.
It costs so much to keep one in ope
ration.
They are always calling at some
place or another.
Because shipbuilders can't live with
out them.
Who ever won an argument from
them.
Because they are held together with
steel.
Because they frequently toss their
noses in the air.?Bethlehem Ship
News,
National Treasury
May Be Called On
Unless Some Way is Found To
Reduce Railroad Expenses
and Increase Revenues,
Says Chairman Cummins
Washington, May 13.?Unless soltc
way is found to increase the reve
nues and reduce expenses of the
railroad the deficit will have to be
met. from the national treasury,
Chairman Cummins, of the senate in
terstate commerce committee, declar
ed at a hearing on general railroad
situation.
When Carpenters Got $1.75.
I The average carpenter in Kansas
iCity in 1881, the Forty Years Ago
column reminds us, was getting
I $1.75 a day. A very few men were
getting as much as $2 or $2.25, and
the limit was $2.50. This was for a
10-hour day. The average pay of
from $1.75 to $2 continued through
the 'SOs.
Then came the hard times of the
early '90s. There are men in Kansas
City today who remember standing
in line to get a .iob of carpentry work
at 11 cents an hour in 1892 or 1S93.
That was the low point, and condi
tions were very. bad. The revival of
business set in about with the elec
tion ofMcKinley. Since that time
the trend has been upward until now
the carpenter in Kansas City gets $S
for an 8-hour day instead of $1.75
for a 10-hour day. The price of liv
ing naturally was lower 4 0 years ago
than it is today, but nothing like a.
low relatively as wages were.
Occasionally some ^motional per
son tells us that the average man is
constantly losing out ,'that his condi
tion is getting worse instead of bet
ter. That isn't so. The case of car
peners' wages is an illustration of
what has been going on pretty gen
erally.
Sometimes people get impatient at
the slowness with which things pro
gress. They want the millennium to
morrow and are peevish because it
doesn't come. A backward look over
20, SO or 40 years is helpful on such
occasions. America is moving for
ward.?Kansas City Star.
Fairv.oUl Industrial School
Columbia, May 10.?A State-wide
campaign for $20.000 to support Fair
wold Industrial School for Colorec"
Girls until proper maintenance car
be insured and to provide permanen
improvements at the school, ten miles
from Columbia, will be launched thi
month. It is believed that the cam
paign will excite wide interest ir
view of the worth while service tha
the school has rendered in the tw<
years of its existence.
The school has heretofore exists'
by means of contribu':Ans from whiu
people and negroes, it being expected
each year that the legislature would
take it over and maintain it a--* a pan
of the state system of refomatories
This has not been done and the schoo:
is faced with the problem of existence
until next year when another effor1
will be made to have the school.
One negro loaned the money to bu\
the school property, consisting oi
30 acres, and two buildings have been
erected. These are badly in need ol
repair and a crying demand for monej
is felt every hour at Fairwold.
There are now 14 girls, committed
by the judges of probate of several
counties, at the school and there have
been 21 received there. That the
school has justified its existenco is
best shown by the intelligent interest
shown in it by white people and ne
groes.
SINN FEIN
SOLDIER EXECUTED
Cork. May 10.?Daniel O'Brien, of
Knockandbane, was tried by drums
head court martial Saturday and exe
cuted in the Cork detention barrack
this morning. O'Brien met death
bravely, maintaining the same atti
tude he displayed zX his trial when,
in answering a request to plead, he
replied. "I have no defense, I was
caught as soldier, and you can try
me."
Epworth I/cague Social.
The Epworth League of Trinity
Methodist church gave a social Fri
day evening May 13th in the Sunday
school rooms of the church.
At the opening a short musical pro
gram was rendered after which a
number of games were played.
The young people entered heartily
into the spirit of the games, and on
departing expressed themselves a:
having a good time. During th*
evening refreshments were served
This is a new society, having r?en
organized only a short time, i?ut un
der the efficient leadership of Mr.
Robert Brown as president it has
grown both in interest and numbers
This was the first social meeting
that the league has given, hut the;,
expect to give them at intervals
throughout the year.
The regular meetings arc held ir
t i.o church Sunday afternoon at ,r.
o'clock and all those interested in
young peoples' work are invited to at
tend.
The Home Service section of th?
Red Cross now has on hand botu a
baby carriage and a go-cart which
completes the wants of this offic?
along the infant lines. Thanks to tw<
generous parties the needy babies
may now be able t<> sleep and rid<
comfortably.
If Mr. Daniels had wanted to pUo
a mean trick <m Mr. Den by. he m h ??111 ? i
have had his naval recommendation!
copyrighted.- Arkansas Gazette.
The conquest of th<- air has pro
gressed tf> the point where very few
people say "aireoplane."?Washing
ton Herald.
A Mississippi planter has trained
two wild geese to catch fish for him.
If they weren't geese they'd eat what
they caught.?Philadelphia Record.
HOW TO BEAT
BOLL WEEVIL
Single-Stalk ?*Iethod of Cotton
Culture Gains Favor With
Progressive Farmers
Twenty-five to one hundred per cent
increase in yield is reported by cotton
growers who have adopted the new
close-spacing syst tie. of cotton culture
introduced S or 10 years ago by the
United States Department of Agricul
ture. Reports coming derectly to the
department and to southern agricul
tural journals, which have interested
themselves in encouraging the n \v
system, show that farmers throughout
the cotton regions of the country are
rapidly turning lo the plan. Increased
yield, less labor and expense for the
same crop, and a lessening of boil
weevil damage are among the benefits;
recited in hundreds of letters writ**?n!
by farmers in various parts of the
South. Indications are that the sys-j
tern wili be adopted far more widely
the coming season.
Space Plants a Hoe Width Apart
The close-spacing, more commonly
known as the single-stalk method of
cotton culture, consists primarily in
spacing the cotton plants so c'ose in!
the row-?a hoe width apart?that the
lower or vegetative branches do not
[ develop, and the growth of the plant
goes directly on fruiting branches,
permitting them to begin development
of blossoms and bolls earlier and giv
ing them more nourishment and
more light.
'i !?..' discovvn riv. i 1 };??? cotton- plant; j
in oonemon with ??offfc, cacao, and
numb: r Oi ui.tr?->' species, prooueeSTt'w<6:
different sets of branches \.as a..nOuh-:
ced by specialists of the department j
about VOll, and has given direction i
to a series of useful experiments in cul- J
tivation. By taking account of the
specialized habits of branching it was
found possible to exercise a much
more effective control of the develop
ment of the plants so as to secure
earlier crops, larger yields, and great
er protection against injury by the;
boll weevil. t
The suppression of the vegetative.;
branches avoids the excessive crowd- j
ing of large plants and injurious com
petition between the two kinds of;
branches. The cultural ideal under the j
new system is a cotton plant with j
only the single, erect, centi-al stalk ?
bearing numerous well-developed I
fruiting branches, but none of the!
vegetative branches or secondary:
stalks. The suppression of the vege- j
tative branches is easily accomplished i
by leaving the young plants close to
gether in the rows. Thinning is de
ferred until the plants are some 6 to
8 inches high, or even later under
conditions of rank growth. If the
young plants stand less than G inches!
during these early stages of growth. -
more of them will no tproduo< -\
vegetative branches, but will have oni\
the upright central stalk and the hori
zontal fruiting branches.
The distance between the plants is
regulated with reference to local con-j
ditions and the habit of growth off
different varieties, the range being be-!
tween 6 and 12 inches. The plant ;
'hen have a narrow upright form and j
can be left closer together in the rows.;
Even with the plants only 3 or 4 inches;
apart in the rows there may be less:
injurious crowding than with large'
many-.stalked plants 3 feet apart in I
the rows. The. distance between the!
rows, usually 3 1-2 feet, can be var-j
ied with reference to local conditions,
but crowding the rows together, so
that the sun does not reach the
ground, is undesirable especially under
weevil conditions.
Small Plants May Outyicld Large |
Ones.
In the way of production two dis
tinct advantages are gained, the small
er single-stalk plants free from any
arge unproductive offshoots, proceed j
at once to the development of the
branches whic h produce cotton bolls, j
uid in many cases these small plants
i)T*,*?dtj**e *i^TT,'v:t as man.* bolls, and ???
better quality of lint than iarg\ many
stalked plants occupying the space,
of three of the smaller. But even with j
very small plants that bear only aj
few bolls apiece the yields may be!
?nuch larger than from large spread-/
ing plants. The bolls also are pro-'v
tuced much earlier on the small
Dlants, and are more likely to escape
injury by the boll weexn'I.
The Egyptian cotton industry of the
Southwest, an achievement of the
Department of Agriculture which has
added $20,000,000 a year to the an
nual agricultural income of the
country, could not have been accom
plished, in th.e opinion of department
specialists, without the new close
spacing system for controlling the
vegetative branches. The benefits to
the $2,000,000.000 cotton crop of the I
?'ountry at largo, with continued ex- I
i.en?ion of the new nietnod. can ca.. j
be faintly estimated.
RISH KILL WOMEN
>ir Charles Harrington and
Daughter Shot From
Ambush
Belfast, May 15 (By tie- Associated
*>???..:;. < ?M iss Barrington. only;
laughter <>: Sir Charles Barrington j
>f Glennstal Castle, county Lime-]
ick, and head ?>f the Masonic order
n North Mlunster. and Police Inspce
or Biggs wer.- shoi dead fron: am
>ush Saturday by civilians while m<"?
oring from Killoscully to Newsport.
!ounty Tippera i y.
'I'h' father of the dead woman is a
oriner high sheriff ??!" County Lime
iek.
Nine policemen, two soldiers and a
lumber of other persons were killed I
Saturday and today in attacks and!
ounter attacks ;it various places:!
Numerous persons were wounded.
More lives may have been lost in
he Macroom ambuscade, when 17
uxiliaries were killed on Red Sun
ay, l"ii for gent ral and organized
ioleme Saturday and today prob
b!v were the worst since shooting
It' ril l M?
[' Iii
ni
Mm
(?Ii/1
(i? it n i ? y.
li m ?
u,9
. The pleasure is worth it* There's no sub
stitute for Camel qu^Uty and that kdl^
fragrant Camel blend.
rry( /?
Camels.
Js.
who smokes Camels, wants
hat's because Camels have a
smoothness, a fragrance and a mildness you
can't get in another cigarette,
Don't let anyone tell you that any other
cigarette at any price is so good as Camels.
Let your own taste be the judge. Try
Camels for yourself. A few smooth, refreshing
puffs and you'd walk a mile for a Camel, too.
R. J. REYNOLDS Tobacco C*
Winstoa-Seleza, N. C*
?i; a large scale was inaugurate u t:
January, 10 IS.
Air the casualties except one were
in the area covered by the Southerr
parliament. The exception was ai
Droomore, Tyrori. where a Sinn Fein
er was shot dead.
.Miss Barrington was traveling witl
two other women and Inspector Ma
jor Briggs, a military officer. wh< ?
she was killed. The military officer
was wounded.
Constable Bridges was shot dea<
and two other constables wen
wounded while purchasing: gro
Saturday at Drumcollagher. A part:
of police going to their relief was
fired upon and two of the policemei
were wounded slightly.
Fierce fighting followed an attack
on the Bandon police barracks. The
military and police swept the streets
with machine gun fire and the people
were obliged to throw, themselves
upon the ground for safety. About
the same time, armed civilians
marched through Dunmanway, Coun
ty Cork. Being followed by auxil
iaries in motor lorries, they shot'and
killed several horses h; i v-.? :?::?.?. >. <o
as to obsirue: the h their pur
suers.
All the roads south and west of
Cork have been trenched at many
points. The belief prevails that
rebels intend to carry out a general
attack on military and police bar
racks.
One hundred civilians attacked the
Clonakilty barracks with rifles and
machine guns Saturday afternoon.
The attack was repulsed. Four mem
bers Of the attacking party were
seen to fall. The police suffered no
casualties.
Two gunners of Royal Marine ar
tillery stationed at Port Perry, near
Middleton. county Cork. were shot
dead Saturday night. This was :h?
First attack that has been made on
naval forces. At Castleton and Bere
... ... rv. ? .. , -
. ? ? : !??'?? ?
i : ? ? ; ?. 1
lorries on three occasions in the
":.n district today. Some of :he occu
pants of the lorries were wounded.
The Rosslarepier barracks, county
Wexford; the Bridegton barracks
Wexford; the Sliidal barracks in
Galway, and the Holy Cross barracks.
County Tipperary. were unsuccess
fully attacked1 Saturday night. Tie re
was a brisk fight lasting an hour
at th^ Rathmore barracks Saturday.
The polici resisted the attack with
bombs and rifles. Tin1!?? were no
casual! ies.
Woman and Three Men Killed
Dublin. .May 16.?Three governme.nl
officers and wife of one of tin in were
shot, and killed in ambush last night
id Ballyeiru. Tie- party was riding
in an automobile when they were am
bushed by forty men. Military and
police reinforcements sen 1 to tire scene
were fired upon and one constable
was seriously wounded.
SUPREME COURTS
MAKES RULING
Washington, .May i;'>. -Requirement
that the prohibition amendment be
ratified within seven years by three
fourths <>' the states does not invali
date the entire measure the supreme
court ruled.
r
j Cotton Marketing
Association
Co-operative Agreement Ready
For Signatures of Growers
C dumbia, May 10.?Answering in
quiries from farmers ov\r the iiaie j
is to whop the co'.ion giowers' co- I
?perative assoc;ati<m marketing |
agreement v.*ou:d be ready for the.
signatures ??; the grev.*erS". it. C '
ixajucr, pretiatnt o: the sou-.ti Care
ina division o: the American Cottoo
association ami chairman of the cam
paign committee of tin,' South Caro
lina Cotton Growers' cooperative as
sociation, said that he cam; aign to
secure signatures wou.a probably be
launched in about ten days.
Then.- wi'l b^ a meeting of the
campaign committee next week to
work out the details of the campaign
and in the meantime the agreement
to he signed will have been turned
over to the printers. The nominating
committee o,% *hr association is ex- !
peered to hold a rm-et!::* next \v e ek ;
?.. deride ?ben a president of the oi>
ganization, ail : the temporary oili
cers with the exception of a. president
having been chosen on last Tuesday.
"The South Carolina Cotton Grow
ers' cooperative association," said
Mr. Hamer "is to be an organization
of South Carolina Cotton growers on
a state-wide basis for the one and
only specific purposes of selling South
Carolina's great cotton crop in a real
cooperative way.
"In other words this association is
to be a business marketing organ
ization composed only of actual ;
South Carolina cotton growers or j
owners of cotton. It will be man- i
aged by its own members, who will
? ?;>?? t permanent officers after the
400,000 bales which must be signed
up before the organization can func
'::???. .' ?
months of the year, yet statistics
show that the' great bulk of cotton
has in former years been dumped on
the market in the fall*months. The
effect of this unsound practice upon
the market and unon the growers'
pocketbook is known to all men. This
association offers the first real op
[portunity to put am end to "dumping"
[and to substitute an orderly market
Jin;- of cotton as the spinners need it.
"Tin- plan of organization of the
[association is of proved and success
ful soundness us a business propo
sition. It is not an unknown or wild
eat hazard. It is based on the so
I called California system, which has
twenty-six years of unusually suc
cessful and profitable experience be
hind it and through which $0.000 Cal
ifornia farmers are cooperatively
? handling mere than $:;00.000.0(>0
[worth of business annually.
! "What has i???en done in Califor
nia and the Pacific northwest with
I wheat, fruits, nuts. eggs, rice, milk,
alfalfa., poultry and honey, the farm
ers of tin- south are now proposing
t>> do with cotton. /
"The cooperative association pro
poses to effect many absolutely nec- j
essary reforms in the present system
oi' cotton selliner. first, by the elimina
tion wasteful methods, und sec
ondly, through collective selling,
(thereby assuring greater profits to
the producer without unduly increas
ny. costs to the consumer- ? -
"Specifically the association, I ex
pect, wili do the following- . definite
things for its members:
"First, it will grade, staple. and
weigh each bale of cotton de?yered
to it by its members. This -.will
place a true value on the cottpn in
serais of quality. ; . :
?"Second, it will warehouse all -QQfc
ten delivered to it by its members*
This will at onc^ ee the tremep
dous lots from "Cu ry damage" es
timated a: from 3 per bale" up
Third-, it v .;: :- ail oii its cotton
in even running :c each grade
staple within its 0' pool. This wijl
assure a higher pri than can be-Ob
tained in any othei way and ?vejfcb
th ?? producers the cost aud prolix of
middlemen and ^i-culaiojrs. vrho-tfay
mixed lots from grow, rs and ' aller
concentration and classification .-. sell
in even lots to milis at higher prices.
?'Fourth, it will sell on its Owb
sanioies and warehouse certificateja.
This will again reduce another, heavy
loss, known as the "city crop" add
prevent nndergradmg: ' ? ':'
"Fifth, ;i v.:: ? sell collective^ au<i
only vshea the market demur>d<?,;It.
rhia will reduce ?peeEaJizuti cs-ajid
ttnd to stabilize pnees. ? v,
"Sixth, it will sell its cotton as di
rectly as possible. This will. elimi
nate many present wasteful methods,
shorten the route between the ?se
ducer and spinner and secure for the
producer a larger share of the pciee
paid by the spinner. ? ?
"Seventh, it will determine |b'e O90t
of production of cotton. This will
assist in asking a price which Will
yield a profit to the producer.
"Eighth, it will encourage and de
velop the production of uniform and
standard varieties. This will assist
still further in pool selling and itf se
curing a better pri :e. ?. ' v
"Ninth, it will advise with.gro?eTS
on production methods and prob
' rms This will bo -^::t;aiiy . ft^Pp*
fu.J and pro;:*:^... . '-:v.***:"S.V
. . .': in i ?;: be carried ,t*Jit
onij ... i.::?. way and that ii. tmi&r^&e
plan of organization outlined in-'??tile
marketing agreement of the. ?kura
tive association. This association wjll
begin to function when a'membet^htp
representing at least 400,0.00sbales'
cotton is secured. Each mehYber,
gardless of the number of''ba-Jes/isa
producer signs a legally binding hiar*
k- ting contract with the associ?tJoa?
representing himself and every other
member, in which aid members agree
to sell all of their cotton through tlje
association for a period of five years.
That's the big point in the matte*'.*Tt
guarantees that the association will
stick and that it will be able to 4d*
liver the. goods."
Wrangle Over Office
Columbia, May !.<>.?The Hampton
auditor muddle got into the C?trfts
today when Jesse W. Thomas,'ap
pointed auditor, appeared before tfaa
court and asked for an ordef
against Hagood Gooding to oust him
from office, Mr. Gooding having re
fused to surrender the office to the
appointed successor. The order- was
made returnable on the 25th.
Governor Cooper commissioned Mr.
Thomas in place of Mr. Gooding*
following charges of irregularities in
office, brought by the state tax Com
mission,