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raMkfftMi We^eeAay eat Saturday ?BY? OVTCEN publishing company SUalTErV k. 13. g Terms: 11.00 per Annum?in advance. Advert ssrmenu pae Square, first lasertotn -$1.00 sMM subsequent Insertion .10 Contracts far three months or long? er will be made at reduced rates. All cemmanicatloa* which subserve tjrteate interests frill be charged for is advertisement* tfcUuurtes tmd tributes of respect ?rtU bo charged for. ' The Sirwiter Watchman Wan found? ed In IfftO and the True Southron In tttt. The Watchman and Southron has th? combined circulation and ?nee of both of the old papers. i manifestly the best advertising Testing the legality of the Volstead e<t (it OVtry point Is good a sine**. A prohibition act with loophole* in it is SO big that it falls to prohibit is no good, and ought to be replaced by a tosender one. If. under the repeated tests, the ono now existent proves] soand and effective, the enforcing au? thorities are sided In their difficult W oi k The 'beer as medicine" ruling, viewed as a teat of the net. is all right. Viewed in respect to its Intrln Stc merits, it falls to display any. Twere Used to be a superstition that beer sod other malt liquors?*t<?ut particularly?were good for nursing mothers. Physicians have long since discovered that the benefits were Il? lusory and the harmful results real. ft/Ilk. grape Juice, stewed prunes, are tar superior and lack the baneful ef? fect* of the malt liquors. Any Other claims as to the bene? ficial effects of beer as medicine have 11 s)hss been disproved by experience, progressive physicians. Like waiskev. It hasn't a leg to stand upon, tt ha*a't evea the excuse of being a quick stimulanlln emergency, like the gfjrirliuou* honor*. Don't jump to any rash conclunion* about the political liberality of the Who whose twin boys, born March 4. art named Wood row W and War? ren O. It looks like s special dlspen- ? nation of Providence to split thing* i fairly between a father and mother ? Of divided allegiance. t see France has sent us 2f>f>,000 bottles of champagne "for medicinal pur poses." France no doubt means well enough, but what alls this nation won't be cured by champagne, e e e Wonder what the Germans would saying now If the French. Belgian Xtd British troop* Were acting a* the German troops did when they invad? ed Belgium snd Fiance. e i* e When the master minds hsve done their maste -fullest, then It will be time to call is the mistress minds, e e i lAnd people were naylng two year* Ufgo that the war had abolished the hyphen! ? ? ? The Invading allies are trying to get money out of the Germans by treatlng them kindly. The Germans la Beinum found scherckllchkelt ? shore effective I ? ? e Stessnship rates have gone up| again. Fine business! The fare from Kurnpe to America can't go too high to salt this) country. As for the fare eastward, we're not much nterested rust now. 0 e e God gave us our foreign relation*, but we can pick on- friends for our MrveJ. e e e Wiry not make Judge I .o ml Is :u bi? ter for Central America, too? 0 e e Yes, tbn Income tsx fer las* year Is big, asd not mich money coming la to pay It wtth But next year there'll be more money coming in. and less lax to pey for this year's income. ? e e What this country wants to see low te some International master m nds meeting around a table to talk di? hVmamr nt. ? e a If Secretary of Labor Davis doesn't stop getting to work at 7 110 a m. hell And himself unpopular with de? partmental Washington. Also if hf doesn't quit sooner, 'he'll be unpopu? lar with labor unions. see The ultlmai ? le**on of th? war Perms to be that any nation that atari* oot to grab some other nation's place In the sun win* the privilege Of paying wsi tribute for 4:' years. TMB HAll.nOAD SITUATION. After all. th* fundamental cause of the railroad* present novertj is not high wage* hut los? of tianV. The high erages, with high rates to ssufth teem, were based on expectations of a normal volume of business. There ^e Is no reason for betievtns that with she return of normal truffle, toe road* could not pay tho?e wages and make the profit calculated for them under the Transportation Act. They were beginning to make money when the bttUineSl slump came. The only absolutely sound reason for lowering wages is that other In? dustries are doing it. as a logical part of the economic readjustment on a lower price basis. It follows that if railroad wages are to drop, railroad rates should drop, likewise. The two inevitably bang together. The rate increases were allowed for the express purpose of enabling the railroads to pay the wage increases. Other industries are cutting rates?or selling prices along with wag??. Im fact, most of the other Industries eul their prices be? fore they began the w age-cult inj; The railroads cannot expect to have an advantage over the manufacturers and other business groups by saving at both ends, buying labor cheap while they sell transportation dear. Moreover, rate reductions are, per? haps more than wag? reductions, an obvious remedy for what ails the rail? roads. Other industries have lower? ed prices in order to stimulate the de? mand, and expect to profit by it. Any industry that holds out for peak prices for Its product is bound to lose trade anJ therefore to lose pro tit In the long run. The railroads are no exception. This will doubtless be made more clear to the railroad operators when the government takes a hand In the game. MOBflilZKD FOR PteACfc. Compulsory social service has re* placed compulsory military s?>-vice In Bulgaria, although It is being enforc? ed In only one district. The plan ap? parently is to try it out thoroughly og a small scale before making it nation? ally effective. The law requires men of 20 yea.s and girls of 16 years to serve the Mtute for periods of one year ami half year respectively. There are condi? tion! under Anb this age limit may be varied upon application, aud the term ef service may be shortened If the drafted person is the sole sup? port of a family. In cases of persons physically or mentally unfit to serve, in- In cases of married women, a spe? cial tax Is levied Instead of actual service. Otherwise no evasion or sub itltutioa is permitted. Every person between 20 and 3 3 years of age 1? subject te call for four weeks' ser? vice in ease of national calamity. It is hoped that the operation of this law will serve: To organize and utilise the poten? tial- Koetal man-power of the country for the purposes of Increasing the production of wealth and the social welfare,; To stimulate the lo%e of physic*! labor and socially useful activity tmonf all the citizens irrespective cf their social position and financul utatus. To foster a sense of individual and social duty with the aim of Improv? ing the mor*l am) economic condition of the people. All of this sounds \lke the outline for some ideal ntstsjlstlc govern? ment. Many Americans have ex? claimed st seme time or other. 'If only citizens could be mobilized far the pursuits of peaco as the> are for war, bow much could be accomplish? ed!" Few have seriously considered It as a possible measure for this stage of civilization. Yet here is Bul? garia actually trying It cut. Perhaps iu a true democracy the aim sought will always be to inspire every rltlzer. te do bis share ef pub? lic service without any compulsion Kseerthetesi the Bulgarian experi? ment Is remarkable ami worthy of close observation. KOftKlUN POSsKsmONs. It hss been Intimated more than once that Great Britain, Prance and other allied powers indebted to the United States for big war loans would not be aveise to paying those debts by turning over to this country some of their OUtlylhg colonial territory. It would be especially easy for Britain and Prance to do that, because they have odd bits of more o less super? fluous land Scattered pretty well all over the world. There might be an occsslonal bit Of Sack property that would be ac? ceptable to this country, as the Dan? ish West Indies were, for the sales of a dselrabft naval base or a bulwark for exposed territory al ead\ under the American Hag. Jt would be easy tnOugh, no dOUht, to persuade Wash? ington to stake a dicker for the island Of Yap, If any foreign debtor had a clear title to that spot. Rut generally speaking, there is not the least h>t of enthusiasm In the hearts of the Amor long people tor attending om dominions abroad. Colonial possessions, according to the Asrterlean idea, hav< always been overrated. The majority of Ameri? kas reglstS that the real mission Of the American people it to develop' their Qwg youfltiy gm} tTieir own^tyn tinent. That held off? th work and profit enough for sumo centuries. For any country possessing such R vast and undeveloped Inheritance at home, foreign possessions would mean only additional trouble and perhaps costly war. About half the wars In history have started in defense of useless territory. The littlo wars that have been car? ried on In Ilussla, Poland, Asia Minor and various other places with savage rOthletnnefg ever since armistice be? tween the great powers, must have consumed an immense Quantity of war munitions. Somebody sold the cannon, rifles, shells grid other sup? plies to the belligerents .and the sell? ers doubtless made war profits on the transaction. Who is doing this bus? iness? Are the allies furnishing the instruments of war, or is Germany Btill carrying cn her trade In fright fulness? nee One moonshine still destroyed in Sumter county helps tiio situation to some extent, but the county will not be dry until a few do/en arc destroy? ed and the moonshiners put on tlv Chain gang. A nominal fine of one hundred dollars for making ten dol? lar a quart whiskey Is no deterrent to a law breaker. * e e Instead of kicking about the elec? tric lights Sumter people can now brag about having the best and most modern electric power plant in the south, and they can do it without fear of contradiction, until something ne v is brought out in the way of electric machinery. e e e If any Sumter people have surplus money that they have been hoarding for a gilt-edge Investment, they can now get what they want by buying a block of the million dollar good roads bonds that are to be issued soon. e e e South Carolina spends $111,000,200 for farm and dairy products that could be profitably raised at home. There is enough butter sold annually in Sum? te;* to keep a creamery running full time; and thi creamery would akso keep a number of farmers busy milk? ing a few hundred cows to supply the cream needed. There is consid? erable work in feeding and milking cows, and It is an every-day Job, but there is money in it, if the feed for the iows is produced at home. If UOUght feed la used the man who growl it and the railroads get all the profit. see Who is likely to know the mo?t about the needs of the schools? The members of the legislature or the county superintendents of education? The politicians in the legislature, in their eagerness to lind a sop to throw to the clamorcrs for a reduction in taexs, hit upon the idea they could still some of the ciamor by abolishing: the truant officers and at the same time please the opponents of the com? pulsory education law. Hut the men who are held responsible for the man? agement of the schools have gone on record in emphatic opposition to the action of the legislature. They have appealed to Gov. Cooper to veto the bill abolishing the position of truant officer in all the counties of the state, and we tniBt that he will grant their request. Unless it is the purpose to use this indirect method of killing the compulsory school attendance la\\\ the attendance officers should remain on duty. If there have been, ineffi? cient and worthless attendance offi? cers they should be discharged and their places filled with competent and trustworthy men. SIMPT'KK TAX FORMS. The troubles of the average man with his income tax forms have been the theme of many a song, story and cartoon ever since the fun began. At first the difficulties were taken as a matter of course?a necessary, though disagreeable concomitant of paying the income tax. or late it has been dawning on many of the "best minds" that these difficulties arc not only un? necessary, but bad in themselves. A cry is going up from all sides for Simpler tax: forms and a simpler law. The United States treasury is pay? ing back millions of dollars which it has collected unjustly, owing to mis? understandings, and is at the same time trying to collect other millions not paid in because of other misun? derstandings. Nothing can be more wasteful than paying for mistakes of the past. The way to escape this Waste of effort \.< to avoid the mis? takes. if the present administration can I frame a taxing system which will I permit of a lax blank comprehensible by any ordinary mind, and will get that simple, com/ortablo and fool? proof system in good working order, it will have earned the gratitude Of every r It Isen who pays an income tux. London. March IT.?Andrew Bo nar Uuv has resigned from the cabi? net, due to ill health. He also re? signed the government leadership In i he bouee pj commons, Negro Uses Gun On His Friend One Negro Is in Hospital and Other in Jail After Early Morning Shooting The aftermath of a little shooting affair which took place at the early hour of 0:30 a. rn. Thursday on the farm of Mr. Bossard Hi itton is that Fam Qaillard, a negro laborer, is in vlie county jail and Joe Colclough, a i? How negro laborer, is receiving medical attention in the hospital here. The negroei had been slightly at odds for some time but the straw that broke the camel's back came this'this morning when Colclough on passing the house of Oilliard did not give him the accustomed ' good morn? ing." The two negroes passed a few uncomplimentary words between themselves and then the action be? gan. Oaillard says that Colclough worked on him with a stick, leaning it not gently against his head. (Jail lard flashed his revolver and cut loose twice at Colclough while Col? clough was posed to deliver another blow with the stick. Rural Officer Sam Newman was soon at the scene of the difficulty and brought Sam Oaillard to Sumter, placing him in jail. .!<>e Colclough was rushed to the hospital here as quickly as possible and examination revealed that his condition was noth? ing to be alarmed over. Only one ball took effect In his body, entering his right side, but soon striking one of his ribs, which deflected the bul? let and caused it to come out. there? by inflicting .only a flesh wound. Indications are that both of these negroes will soon be amicably work? ing again side by side on Mr. Brit ton's place, forgetting their griev? ances. De Valera Gives Interview Dublin, March lt> (By the Asso? ciated Press).?Eamonn de Valera. leader of the Republicans and presi? dent of the ' Irish Republic" gave a personal interview today to the As? sociated Press correspondent. This is the first interview he has accorded to any newspaper representative since his return from the United States to 1 reland. If any proof of the extraordinary precautions taken by his devoted fol? lowers to insure his protection were needed, it was afforded by the ex? treme tare taken in escorting the correspondent to and from the pres? ence of the Irish leader. For an hour after leaving Mr. De Valera the cor? respondent was under the closest sur? veillance not only from his escort but, as it seemed, from everybody in Dublin. In the course of the conversation which lasted three-quarters o," an hour, Mr. De Valera told of th< im? pressions he had brought bacg from America and remarked: "The saddest thing there to me was to see the Irish question treated by so many people as if it were a re? ligious wrangle. It is not a religious question even insofar as the differ? ence here between the north and south are concerned." He spoke bitterly of the English government's "lack of principle and statesmanship." "England," he said, "is trying to win by playing on hu? man weakness. As a matter of fact though it does not realize it, England is playing not on .the weak? nesses but the strongest quality of the Irish people?their spiritual, quality. The young men of Ireland are saving to themselves: At best the span of life is only 70 years. We must all die; so why not now in cir? cumstances like these. Never, per? haps, as by dying in such a cause as Ireland's could we do so much for the world.* "England may try to contend that men like thos^ executed in Mount Joy were' murderers. She will find it much harder than she imagines to get the world to .accept that view." The Irish leader is in excellent health, but his friends in America would hardly recognize him, for he is on the run and naturally does not reveal himself unnecessarily. Ob? viously it would not do to describe his apearance in detail, but he looks extremely lit and conveys the Im? pression of being free from any sense of poi^sonai danger. The volunteer, who conducted the correspondent to De Valera's resi? dence, said that, despite the protests of his friends. De Valera persisted in working strenuously from 7 o'clock in the morning until 11 o'clock at night. The interview was a complete sur? prise. I'ntil 18 minutes before it took place the correspondent had no intimation that it would be accorded. A Questionnaire for submission to the president through the same channels aa were used in the submission of the questionnaire of last January had been prepared, and the correspondent was proceeding to the rendezvous for that purpose when suddenly he was invited to climb into the side car of a motorcyc le and don goggles, which effectually blindfolded him. The cat sped through Dublin by way of an Intricate route, and after an Indeter? minate period the correspondent found himself in a well furnished liv? ing room and soon in the presence of he Valera. Twice alter leaving the house the correspondent was held up and ex? amined first by members of the Irish Republican army within sight of the president's residence ami, second, for? tuitously by the military. Washington. March 17.? The ban On withdraws Is Of liquor from bond? ed warehouses and affecting retail druggists has been lifted by Prohibi? tion officer Kramer. The modification is not extended to wholesalers. Paris, March DJ.---The reparations commission has notified OcrnteiU note that that country billion gedd marks and must compU STATE ROAD INSTITUTE Strong: Addresses Made in Three Sittings Columbia, March 10.?The first day's session of the South Carolins road Institute was a thorough success, with upwards of 100 engineers from all parts of the state present and strong addresses by leaders in the stat? highway commission and prom? inent citizens of this and other states, creating great enthusiasm and inter? est. The meetings were held in the lec? ture room of LeConte college on the university campus, with Frank E. Brodnax, president of the road in? stitute [?residfng. Mr. Brodnax con? ducted the business in a thoroughly efficient manner and from time to time gave Valuable remarks, collab? orating and upholding those of the speakers. I-ast night's session was featured by an address by (!ov. R. A. Cooper who urged the engineers if they had any Influence in their counties to use it to advocate the Issuing of bonds. He declared that the federal govern? ment was going to continue to furnish aid for good roads and he expressed the hope that the state would this year take advantage of the opportu? nity to benefit by it. Xow, he said, is the opportune time to put forth every effort to do all the road building possible. Governor Cooper Haid he would not venture to dictate as to whether top soil or hard surface roads or what kind should be built but said he did know that some different type from those row In vogue in the state should be in? stituted. He assured the audience that be did not mean to criticise but said that it could easily be seen that improvements were necessary and he hoped they would be forthcoming. Moving pictures showing the oper? ation of various road working ma? chinery were thrown on the screen and some very Interesting and n structive scenes were given by this method. Road planers with folding wings permitting traffic to pass, stone load? ers said to minimize the cost of load? ing gravel and crushed stone, and other implements were demonstrated. Alter the session an enjoyable smoker was given at Flynn hall on the university campus and the stu? dents all became acquainted over cigars and refreshments. The visitors were entertained at a delightful lunch at university mess hall at 1 o'clock yesterday afternoon and again today they will be enter? tained In a like manner. At the morning session R. Good wyn Rhett, chairman of the state highway commission, made the principal address. He 'told precisely conditions of the highway depart? ment and voiced an urgent plea for cooperation. His address was forceful and highly appreciated by all present W. H. Gibbes made a talk on the highway bridges of the state and their importance as a statewide institution. He supplemented his remarks with a light poem of his own composition on the roads and bridges between this city and Charleston, the effort finding ready response in the sense of humor of the gathering. Morning Session. The morning session was opened by an address of welcome by Dr.W. S. Currell who interested the au? dience with bright and witty re? marks Others who spoke were Dr. Joseph II. Pratt, state geologist of North Carolina, on "The Economics of Highway Construction," and W. S. McGiady of Columbia on "The Con? tractor's Relation to Road Building." The chief address of the afternoon was by H. G. Shirley, secretary of the federal highway council on "Foundations and SubgrAdcs." He stressed .he importance of uni? form roac. surfacing and described tests made by the government to determine the loads different soils would stai d for subgradlng. Addresses were made and discus? sions were led by W. S. Kellar. state highway engineer of Alabama, who spoke on road maintenance; C. (>. Hearon, "Good Roads and Commun? ity Uplift," "Top Soil Roads" was the subject of an address by X. C. Hughes, county engineer of Laurens. and a discussion of this topic was led by Leslie AC. Weisiger, division engineer of the state highway de? partment. J. Rev I'ennell. county engineer of Richland county, spoke on "Traffic Requirements and Their Re? lation to Road Design." and a dis? cussion was led on this topic by C. H. Mooreliehl, state highway engineer. The Institute will be resumed this morning at 9:30 o'clock. One More Booze Factory Put Out of Business The rural officers ate live issues in the county and are keeping fair tab on our friends the "Moonshiners." A still was taken charge of Wednesday by Rural officer Alex Xm ris and his capable assistants. This still was found about !> miles from Sutnter on the Statehu g road, and was located a few hundred yards from the house of a negl*0 named Lucius White, which negro will be held responsible for the operation of said still. Upon the arrival of the officers, White's wife signaled to the parties wot king at the still by the tiring of a double barreled shot gun, both bar? rels being tired in quick succession. This signal also aided tin* officers, for it prove 1 that they Were on the hot trail. Tl ey dived into the swamp and after seme search located the still which IVSS tired up and in op? eration One negro was barely seen as he escaped through the mud and swamp. The still was complete In all respects and a supply of jugs was in waiting to catch the precious liquid as it dropped from tho coil. The still Election at Bishopville Interest in Municipal Race Now Increases _ *? \ Bishopvtlle, March 16.?The elec? tion for mayor, and five aldermen to serve this city for the next two years. Which will be held Tuesday, is be? ginning to warm up. VV. JL* Parrott, the present mayor* is standing for reelection. He is be? ing opposed by M. B. McCutchen, G. \V. Wood ha m. \V. Green DesChamps. two of tiie old aldermen, are out for reelection and it is stated that the other three aldermen. T. K. Davis, C. B. Ruffln and J. Hancock, will also offer for reelection. T. K. Rurnn. Jno. W. Davis and J. F. Beanies are also out for aldermen. Eighty-five women have registered to vote in the town election end just how they will east their vote has the various candidates guessing. Fire at Winnsboro Passenger Station and Theater Bum Early in Day Winnsboro. March 16.?The South? ern railway passenger station and a moving picture theater were both completely destroyed by fire about 5 o'clock this morning. I low the fire originated is unknown, but it began In the theatre near the front where the moving picture machine is situa? ted. $6,000,000 ROAD MONEY READY TO USE IN SOUTH CAROLINA THIS YEAR Washington. March 16.?Approxi? mately $622.000.000 is available for road and bridge construction snd maintenance this year, the bureau of public roads of the department of ag? riculture, announced today on the ba? sis of information compiled from re? ports from the various state high? way departments. The approximate amounts given as available to each of the states from local, state and fed? eral sources include: Alabama, $0,000,000. Florida, $7.725,000. Georgia. $10,000,000. North Carolina, $6,$00,000. South Carolina. $6,000,000. Virginia, $1.000,000. Dinkins' Mill News. Hembert, March 13.?Reports from Rev. Mr. A rant of ItcLcod's and Bethesda. we are glaU to hear, are favorable. These congregations will be de? lighted at his recovery and to have him with them again. In his absence they are being minis? tered unto by preachers from va? rious places. On last Sunday, March Ith, Mr. Ferguson of the Broad Street church, Sumter. filled the pul? pit and today Rev. J. II. Noland of the Advocate office, Columbia. These services were enjoyed but still the people are hoping to soon have their own pastor, who in the little time h? has been among them, has e tdeared t imself to them. Mrs. Sam Shirer has returned from an extended and pleasant visit to rel? atives and friends in and near Winns? boro. S. C. Miss Courteitay Atkinson has re? turned from Camden. S- <"!., w\ere she visited Mr. and Mr?. G. H. Denoir and other friends. Rev. Sumter Belk. an old veteran of the war between the states, a brave soldier, died in Columbia recently and was buried today at New Hope Bap? tist church of which he was for many years S consistent member. He was an honest man, a good citizen with a host of friends in all the walks of life who admired him for his sterling qualities. One by one the old guard are dropping out. The world is poor? er when his like leave us. Farmers have been making good use of the recent fine weather, and niuny a furrow has been turned of late. Those who had their soda made use of the recent showers to apply it to small grain. More Irish potatoes have been planted here than in years. Gardens are beginning to need con? stant attention now. Some In the community are begin? ning to show the effects of their good care. No plot of ground about the place pays so well or gives more pleasure than a well cultivated gar? den. Then just tickle the earth with a hoe if you want to see things grow. Mrs. Claude Shirer of J^aurens. is visiting relatives here. Mrs. J. L. Jackson of Hagood dined with Miss Courtney Atkinson today. There was quite a large attendance of the Woman's Missionary society of Bethesda church which met at the home of Mrs. Mattie Beames of Rera bert Saturday, March 12 at 3:30 p. m. The next meeting will be D. V. With Mrs. T. S. Stuckey one month hence. 1 hear that my neighbor Benja? min Samlet s has cotton up. Ask Elijah Sanders if the fish are biting at Dinkins" Mill. He is a suc? cessful angler. * Hagood." SHOPMEN TO BK LUD OFF. Richmond, Va.. March 16.?Ol Of the Chesapeake and Ohio verified statements by shopmej a general but temporary n w h eh v ill probably total will lie made in the shofg the road. Richmond amai suffered greatest. The be made Saturday, road to make open operating oxp*r.S*jSj slump in fatflc for tlr.s actions \Y. H. 11 Mr. >jy the