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sti Soutjjron. if and Saturday -BY? JSHJNG COMPANY ITKM, 8. O. Teresa: poo annum?In advance. Advertisements. irm, first Insertoln .$1.00 Ottbaeo.uent Inaartion .51 >te for three montha or long bn mads at reduced raten. Aft commanuation* which subserve rfrau Interests will be charged for advertisement*. Obituaries and trlbutea of respect ?rill be charged for. The Cumter Watchman was found tm 1160 and the Trus Southron In It. The Watchman and Southron has the combined circulation and Hfjaius et both of the old papers. 11 hi manifestly the best advertising Idium In Suinter. IBSta?? L Jl . ?- _ . ..I.' CANADA LOfeE* POPULATION. ***nad Dal tsiAMan There has been much said during last few years about the emlgra from the l ulled States to Canada. ,fcgs\ Ipdead, been large, amounting. In over tsp.OOO In five yeara It de? velops that tfK- situation has t>een gelksnterp rated, for the reason that Canada gave only one side of It. Sta from Canadian sources failed take account of the migratory movement from the Dominion Into the sfraiss. It la now revealed by ngures front the drain Growers' Guide, organ nf the Agrarian movement In western Canada, that thin movement has been greater than the one in the opposite direction Ourtng the five-year period assert toned, more than C00.000 persons left Canada for permanent residence In the United Stetea Thus there is a lieJan.ee of 2oo.ooo in this country's Moor. The fact Is) sot mentioned because i any disposition to gloat over Can 4 mm, it la natural, though, that Am er Ifang should find patriotic satisfaction It tgwss which show that the pull II the United States Is greater than t at of Canada, especially when the ? ipulatic* competed for by the two ouatrte* In for the most part far Bete desirable than the usual class of tiimlgmtlon. Those who move north tu* south across the international line usually farmers or skilled work lien. The United States Is particularly I ad to obtain such recruits Instead of ins Illiterate laborer* or peasants that >me from various European coun Is natural sympathy, how leer, for Uanadu. Added to the loss Mentioned Is the Ions of to.000 id' the country's best men who laid down their liven overseas, In the big war tflM deficit is further Increased; by the i htmseods who. drawn by the lure of I he mother country, failed to return lifter the war. The natural Increase of population due to excess of births Mver deaths can hardly do much more than balance all these losses. Can ids, therefore, la destined to disup MdirU. ?nt wlien the * new census is skeg nest year. In 101 I she had 7, ItO.tOO people. In 1021 most Ca aadsans ore said to b* expecting 0. ?90,000 A Toronto authority savn hey will be loony to have 8,000.ooo. Am er I cans ctnstd Wish Canada better u.ck than that. i ii "i I TIIK BKK ?>t sixr.ss. Old-fashioned farmer who kept one or two hives of bees along with the soot of his stock is no longer inter? ested In beert .?.h a side hue In the last sear or two the bees have died off on rapidly that bee culture in some state* has proved out of the question except for people who make a special? ty of It and can give it their full time. The state oee inspector of Ohio says: ?The back lot beekeeper. the city and ? ub/Thun beekeepers, the farmers who keep six or sight colonies, have stsppty peon forced out of the busi? ness. ' ?(4rather surprising to the aver reader to learn that bees are of enough economic Importance to have s state Inspector spending all his time going around to apiaries to see that the occupants are In good health, and to advise the owners on their care. There seems, however, to be a real need for this sort . of Bee Public Health Service. More than 300 pro- 1 feosional bee-keepers attended the an? nual field meet of the Ohio State Be. keepers' Association/ and Ohio Is far from t?eing lh? <m,|\ State where ?>o. culture has te en taken up profession? ally in the bist few yours. St si an age of specialisation. And nr thing in the way of food production, ft seems, demands more careful at t.'.tion than the turning out or hom y i. ? busy littls boo. But sll tho *t t? ntkHt la Justified The butty bee ,s wo?lb her keep. A LABOU Hl RPH S. Ihe anthracite coal strike, like most of the recent strikes In various lines of Industry, proves to be short-lived. The "vacationers.'' after thinking matters over for a few days, decide ro go back to theh Job* Psrtly. no douOt, this is due to s growing realisation of the fact that if organised labor is to hold together and get anywhere, it musi net in an hon? orable and business-like way. and keep its am -etnents with employers aim its faith with the public. Partly, too, it Is the discovery th;<t a job vol? untarily abandoned may not remain open indefinitely. The lubnr shortage has almost dis? appeared. In some specialized indus? tries there has developed an actual turplus, and in some sections there is a general surplus that can be turned easily to supply a temporary need in almost uny industry. This surplus as yet la not large. It Is really insig? nificant compared with the "army of hi; mployed" that has been familiar In many previous periods of retarded business, particularly in presidential years. But it does not take much of a labor surplus to change the situation, and to make Jol>s less secure, to im? peril boom wages and change the whole psychology of the workers. Since any surplus at all means rompetit/on, there is a visible improve? ment In effort and conscientiousness. l4kl)or is pronounced more e flic lent and dependable than it has been for some time. Industry profits accord? ingly, atid in one way or another ev? erybody profits. Thus a little unemployment is found to be a good thing. Much of it. of course, would be a bad thing. But there is no reason . why there should be much, if the workers work in the right spirit, and If the employ? ers, In this new situation, refuse to take advantage of them. eSSflBSSSSfe?BSaSS9SH9KK IIIKTAJL MARKETING, . I Unsatisfactory methods of distribu? tion are recognised as serious factors In excessive living costs. The Bureau of Labor and the Postofflce Depart? ment have devised a new plan for bringing furm produce to the con? sumer which is said to promise go >d results fn lowering prices. Under this plan the postofflce woul.i collect and deliver foodstuffs much us it does mall now, but the process would be slmph-r than the old parcel post service with its call for approve I wrappings ami danger of loss fro n Imperfect storage and rcfrigeratia* facilities. The idea Is to map out suitable ag riculturul areas adjacent to important centers of population, the extent of the area dependent upon the number te be fed and the productivity of the land. Motor truck routes would then be established by tl.e postofflce which would enable the farmers to market their produce directly without requir? ing tho services of middlemen. It Is estimated that for the city of Wash? ington. D. C, the plan would result in a retail saving of 10 i to 27 per cent. J Producers and consumers should welcome such an -experiment in any community. 1 11 _ - 1_L! New Firms Have Formal Opening i The old Cuttino grocery stund, 22 South Main street, has been remodeled and put in first class shape and is now occupied by the Burns Flower shop, and the Misses Chandler, milliners, have moved their establishment to this place. Who are on ilrst floor and by Mrs. Laura Lebby who now has a la? dles' exchange an** tea room on the second floor. These firms are planning to have a formal opening of their es? tablishments on Wednesday night and are inviting the public to come be? tween the hours of 5 and 9 tomorrow afternooh. Mrs. Lebby will servo tea and rakes to the visitors and will be able to Ax anything they might care to eat. Misses Chandler will have a full lino of the latest things in hats und several young ladles who will wear new creations so possible cus? tomers might see how attractive they would look? In them. Mr. Burns will have a special display of flowers, hav? ing American Beauties, ferns and many other things In the way of flow? ers. Favors will be distributer! dur? ing the evening and it is hoped that a large crowd will be out to go/ ac? quainted with these new establish? ments. Civic League Meets The Sumtes Civic League is arrang? ing to entertain the officers and chair? men of the federation and all clubs ot* the central district on We In sifa\ October Itth. Please elect your dele? gates as soon as possible and send as I many other representatives as can [casino. If you know of any non-fedf ? ?rated clul>M urge them to semi rep? resentatives as all are Invited. When i to- roil Is called wo want at least one delegate from every club to answer present. Sincerely, ANNA NO It WOOD MOSS, Vi? e -President, Central District. Columbia Will Enter tain Wild Cats Columbia, Sept. 1:.. The theaters ? opirnbla are to l*e open without] ? barge to the men t tlo \\ai.l ?' it di? vision who attend the reunion in Co? lumbia noxt Monday and Tuesday. It is expected that Several thousand of the veterans of, this famous fighting machlno <the Mst division) will at i -nd the gathering. A stroni program and an open heart and open homes await the men In O.'umbia. Executive Committee Meeting Votes Tabulated and the Result of the Second Primary Declared The County Democratic Executive Committee met In the court house at 11 o'clock Thursday for tin- purpose of tabulating the returns of the Se? cond Primary election, held on Sep? tember 14th, and to declare the re? sult, in the absence of County chair? man .1. H. Clifton, who was called out of town on business, Mr. K. D. Epp > was elected chairman of the meeting. The returns were tabulated and the result declared us shown in the table printed eleeewhere. The boxes and of? ficial returns from Salem and Ratt? ing Creek clubs were not received by the committee and a motion was made and adopted that the result be declar? ed without the returns from those ?luhs, as it was evident that the result of the election would not be affected by the ornmission of the vote cast in these clubs. Checks for the payment of manag? ers were in readiness and were deliv? ered to the executive men present. It* the other executive committeemen will call on Secretary and Treasurer H. d. Ostcen they will receive the pay checks for the managers of their re? spective clubs. COTTON LETTER (Furnished by MacDowell & Co.) New Orleans. Sept. 16.?Serious ex? plosion in Wall Street this morning occasioned uneasiness in the specu? lative markets, resulting in a tempor? ary suspension of trading on the New York Stock Exchange and a lower? ing of values. N As yet the opinions are divided as to the cause of the explosion, but measures have been resorted to as means of preserving order and to in? vestigate the cause of the trouble. Until the explosion, the cotton mar? ket was ruling stey,|y in the face of the continuance of good weal her in tho interior anil tin- uncertainty of the labor situation in England where representatives of the coal miners and the government arc holding a conference today in an effort to avoid the threatened miners' strife, Lubor troubles have also developed in tho cotton mills of Lancashire, many mills reported closing down but tho impression prevails that there will be no sHort time if the coal strike is avoided. A sustaining feature of the session was reports of a better demand for cotton goods in New York, more bus? iness yesterday than the past f out months. Another encouraging development was the report of a better demand for spots in Texas, tin easier basis at? tracting more buyers, even Liverpool buying some now. The trade is evidently Impressed with late advices regarding the grow? ing crop to have suffered serious dc tdYioration during past two or three weeks, indicating a smaller crop than was indicated as per returns as of August 25th. Damage by weevil worms, rust, shedding and boll rot is responsible for the less favorable crop outlook the result of recent long spell of wet weathfr inland. Weevil and worms roported have done most injury of late in nearly all sections of" belt. For the very first time the government reported the appearance of weevil In North Caro? lina yesterday, making all cotton states infested by tlu> pest now. Much damage being done by weev? il this year in South Carolina, suffer? ing for the first time in history. Same trouble in North Carolina for next year anticipated. H. and B. Beer. NEW YOH1L COTTON Y'st'dv's Month Open High Low Close Close Jan. ...23.90 24.35 23.85 24.20 23.95 Mch. ...23.05 ,23.45 23.03 23.72 23.IS May ...22.70 23.OS 22.70 22.93 22.So July. . . 22.70 . 22.45 22.35 Oct. ...28.00 28.07 27.75 27.97 27.6* Dec. ..25.35 25.60 25.1.". 2a.15 25.21 NEW ORLEANS COTTON T'sfdy's Month Open High Low Close Close Jan. ...23.40 23.57 23.18 23.52 23.30 Mch. ...22.03 22.90 22.f>.r. 22.90 22.T.1 May ...22.2* 22.4 5 22.18 22.45 22.2T? July. . . . 21.85 Oct. ...26.10 26.42 26.02 26.30 26.13 Dec. ....24.10 24.46 24.10 24.40 24.IS r LIVERPOOL COTTON. Close January . 18.49 February . 18.24 March . 17.!* 9 April . 17.72 May .'. 17.46 June. 17.26 July .i. 17.06 AUgUSt. 16.81 September. 11.65 Octoben. u>.4?; November . . . . '.. 19.06 December . 18.82 Paris, Sept. 11. l^odgmg houses ami " Ward robes of the Poor." where old clothing is sold, arc being multi? plied by the French Salvation Army, 'on much 'he same lines as in the United States. The work, so neces? sary now that cities are over-popu? lated and the cost of living so high, is attracting the attention of publica tlons Interested in social work an I French philanthropic organisations are belns urged to follow the had of "L 'Armee du Salut." hs the blue uniformed, tambourine contingent is known here. TRUCK FARMS I will subdivide and sell my Chandler place, about a mile and a-half from town, Into small farms soon. This land will make valuable truck farms. D. C. Shaw. x Measures ol" 1 loll Weevil Damage. Popular opinion t?> the <?< itrnry, the boll weevil mu.d ylehl place to th< weather by a larger margin as a <!?? ?tractive factor in reducing the pro duction oi' cotton Ihit. Destruction by the boll wet: vil is appreciably less than thai by deficient moisture aloiu according to bureau of ??rup esti? mates of tlie I'rfitcd States department of agriculture. its conclusions are supported by annual Investigations made by the bureau during the last, 11 years. ? During this period the normal.pro? duction of lint was reduced :'..'?..'? pel cent by all causes of da nage. The boll weevil, one of these, according to the estimate, was responsible for 7.:'. per cent, or about one-fifth of the to? tal damage to the cotton crop for the 11 yea i>s. The onset of the weevil In Georgia, Florida,, and Alabama In the years 1916-1919 has made a reduction of the crop in all states due to , this cause alone 10.4 per cent below a normal crop, while the reduction due to all causes In these years is 41.1 per cent. Comparing deficient moisture with all insect pests a cause of cut ton crop damage in pounds of lint that failed to be produced shows thai in the 11 years deficient mo store caused a loss of pounds of lint per acre on the average and all insect pests 21?.3 pounds. In the total damage to .these lit crops of cotton, amounting to 113.4 pounds of lint In the aver? age of the years, all climatic causes account for 71.?> pounds, or almost 2 1-2 times the loss due to all insects. The average of the last five years gives a damage of 40.1 pounds to all insects and 73.3.pounds to all climatic causes, or less than twice as much. It is Indicated, that the boll weevil costs t^e cotton crop approximately 2,000,000 bales, one year with another, since this pest has invaded Georgia and Florida. If the production of these 2.0O?.000 hnhs had been realiz? ed yearly instead of prevented during the last four years, their value and the value of their seed to the cotton grower at the farm price of lint and seed on December I wot,Id have aver? aged about $30o,(i0(?,000 per year. public xotk'k. Notice is hereby given of the regu? lar fall examination for those desiring to secure certificates to tench in the publie sc hools of the state. The ex? amination will be held ;it the Courl House in Sumtcr. Friday, October 1st. beginning at 0 o'clock. The questions i wiU be taken from the :ext hooka used in the public schools of the state. The papers will be sent \o the State Board of Examiners in Columbia for gradation. Teachers holding cer'iti 'catoa or diplomas from accredited col? leges, will please confer with the ("*ounty Superintendent of Rducation in order to Beeure suite Licenses, as required by law lor all teachers. ? By older of the state Board of Edu? cation. J. II. WAYNCWORTH, Co. Supt. of Education.. Letter to the Colored Fanners The notion situation is somewhat ! ? uu iiiing' and the monojp"market seems to be mi .i standstill, throughout the '? but belt, the tarmers are losing on IIiis year's et op. \ remedy Is being sought on every ?;:f i ?j to relievo the ; situation and get for the cotton at least I the price of maHcing this high cost of; cotton crop, and a fair profit. I know no better remedy t hu n to keep t he !; cotton off the market, practice econ- ' omy and le gin now t<? plan for a great 1 grain crop. Nothing can beat the boll weevil and the profiteers better than a largo grain cj/op, and the strict prac? tice of economy. In my opinion had th.- food admin? istration continued until now. less than ] ten million bales would have Isecn j produced, and millions more bushels of grain and thousands more of cat-! tie would have been raised, and the cost of living would be at least one- . third less, and'under that condition 1 cotton would bring fifty cents j per pound. It Is now possible for us to change the condition and in two . years the price will be cheaper and , the cost of living normal. The boll weevil ami the high iost of living and the low price ol cotton are about to force us to accept the above remedy. But why be forced to Co that which is reasonable and for our welfare and fu- ; iure hope7 Why not have a man or ! set of men employed and paid to lec- j ture to'and educate our* people hew to j protect the cotton crop by the raising of cattle and grain and the practice i of economy? One or two lectures here and there will never educate a people or change their manner of j living; when they have lived one rut ' so long, and practically know no other way of making u living. The Iqnger a people have gone in one direction the longer it will take tc c hange their ; methods of living, the wiser and more 1 explicit the teachers should be. 1 re? member When whiskey flooded the land and was sold in almost every grocery store, and it seemed as if every one favored ami bought it, but it was not so. Clod has always in reserv-e a . few wise no n and women, wiser than 1 their generation, these" t?vw started out j to le< lure, teach and point out the ; I harm, danger and destruc tion that i whiskey was to mankind; it took j many years to educate the people that , I whiskey did more harm than good, but I finally the majority were convinced by j I the prohibitionist that it was true am*. I ' now there is no legitimate sale of , i whiskey in any our states. We once had very bad roads every- ; j where. The farmers could hardly got I to and from town with an ordinary! j toad on their wagons, especially . in j I rainy weather, and in dry weather in j some places the wagon ruts were more : than a foot deep in sand. The majority 1 thought under those conditions that it I was better to let the roads stay as they wore? rather than pay higher taxes, and have the roads Improved) but a -few wise men tOOK the sun up, lectured ami educated the people throughout the state. They proved that it was cheaper to build good roads than to wear out and break up their wagons on bad roads and buy new one*. It also took longer t<? go l<* and from town, and would haul less numbei of pounds, in >ther words it was cheaper lo j>? more taxes than to buy more food for the horses, and pay a bi? blacksmith bill. Tue ma? jority were convinced of this fact, and wO begun lo build good roads, and soon most of them are to be macada? mized. Ail of tins is result of eduoa lion by those who can see a little fur? ther than tin rest of us. .lust as the happiness of many homes have been saved by prohibi? tion, many blacksmith bills saved by good roads, . the farmers can save their cotton crop from the profiteers by educating them to understand the ? alue of producing enough foodstuff for themselves and their neighbors. (Their neighbors arc those who do not farm and are living in the state). We. tannot . .\pect something for nothing. If ,i i our desire to have a better condition we must be willing to pay the price with time, tabor, sacrifice and money. Jn conclusion I make this special appeal lo the colored farmers of South Carolina: to hohl their cotton and cot? ton seed until they ar. certain that tin y are making a fair profit out of their investment, it is better to put the cotton seed back into the soil than to sell them for thirty-five dollars a ton, at the present price of commer? cial fertiliser. President National Negro Farmers* Asspcial ion. Hurst Reelected Sheriff Wilder Defeats Nash by Narrow Margin of Seven Votes Incomplete returns from 21 out of 2', .boxes in Sumter county give Smith 8S:>, Warien 4IS, Harvey M3, Maul din 398, Shealey 869, D. L. Smith 322. Incomplete returns from Columbia* of the voting over the state show that Smith will again represent South Carolina in the United States senate, Harvey defeated Mauldin for lieuten? ant governor, by a wide margin ami Shealey is re-elected as railroad com? missioner. - i . The voters o? Sumter county. ibnv*> decided that Mr. Hurst should suc eet ,i himself as sheriff of the oeontv, Mr. Hurst piling up a big majority over Mr. Sumter. The surprise of the election was the defeat of Mr. Snpanl Nash by Mr. Wilder for tie's office of magistrate of this district! Nasa supporters wer.' cojmde/it'-'t&t; he would win easily on account *j&> tie large vote he received in the /first pri? mary, but Mr. Wilder increased his vote in the city and wasflfcrorvt in ing his opponent by the narrow .mar? gin of seven votes. TiUTK , FARMS?I will subdivide and sell my Chandler place, about a mile and a-half from town, into small farms soon. This land will make valuable truck farms. 1). C ShaW: ' * It. W. WESTBERRY, the country and succeeded* i eat FARMERS! IF YOU WANT BEST SERVICE Price for your Cottcn Price for your Seed BRING YOUR COTTON TO THE Fanners' Gin ROBERT BAKER, Owner (Corner of East Liberty and Green Streets)