University of South Carolina Libraries
Wednesday and Saturday . ?BY? 3PTjBIiISHING COMPANY S?MTER, S. C. Terras: $2.00 i*er annum?in advance. Advertisements. ; &ne Square first insertoin .$1.00 ; Bvery. subsequent insertion . .50 . Contract for three months or long <ier. "win be made at reduced rates. Ail communications whiph subserve g^wiyate interests will be charged for - ss aa^ert^ements. Obituaries and tributes of respect . will be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found >ed in 1850. and the True Southron in 1S66. The: Watchman and Southron now has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertising I Medium in Sumter. V ..." A French statesman says the French war debt can be paid in 40 years.] Any nation that can be cheerful about ? that has courage. RATFJS AX? EFFICIENCY. : The railroads are asking for rate increases averaging about 30 per cent, calculated to give them a yearly of income .amounting to it $1,000,000,000. It will be a big imposed on the nation in addition ?its already heavy burdens. The iblic will acquiesce and provide the idney only if ir> is thoroughly con vinced that the railroads need it and Reserve it and will use it advantage ously whrm they get it. ^ Jtjnasi: hre admitted that'the rec *srd o f the railroads since their prop- j were restored tp them recently not been reassuring. Within three fchs o:' such restoration, they beg ged- the government to assume tem porary control again and assume re ? sponsibllity for handling the nation's - freight traffic. It may be that the j railroad executives were not to blame.} But S. ?>. Warfield, president of the ; Association of Owners of Railroad Se , cnri?es, insists that they were" a great ; deal to blame. , - It will ,be granted that the lines were handicapped by lack of equip ment, btrt1- it i3 questioned whether they- made" the best use of the equip ; men t they had. Complaining of a lack of rolling stock, they neverthe - less were found to have cars standing vrdle by the hundred thousand. Their /?'^ failure to .move -freight and break : 'traffic jams can hardly be - explained "altogether iby the. lack of "ears and lo eornoiiyes-and the switchmen's strike. It seems due largely to ? failure of f^vtie railroads to co-operate;^th each % other in distributing and returning '?" cars and in routing trains to the best ? ivantage. They do not appear to have used to this end anywhere near all of the authority which they now . .possess, or which would readily be granted by the Interstate Commerce Commission under the new rairroadJ Cooperation there must be among the railroads. The nation's commerce is so vast and vital, and railroad lines .are so many, that traffic must nec essarily be handled very much as- if the "Iihea were one great system. If the railroad owners and executives will not do it themselves, the gov "tmrient must do it for them: . The public w;?u2d rather have the rail roads do it than the government, and if they will not -or pannot do it, the public will certainly grudge them those higher rates.. CO-OPERAT33fG READERS. Books cost money, even those which are placed on the shelves of public libraries for the free use of the com munity. "That is why small libraries, while carrying on a good work and ?supplying the general demands of the average reader, so often fail to have what the specializing reader wants. There is an opportunity here for public-spirited citizens to help ?u- _ About 50 attorneys in Long Beach, Cal., have Joined forces' to establish at the local public library a co-oper ativ'e law library. They have con tributed law books from their private libraries. Some of. these attorneys have Sent in as many as 200 volumes. Those contributing to this coopera tive library are .allowed to take books home for five-day periods. The gen t eral public is free to consult any of the books any time at the library. By thus pooling their individual re sources they greatly^ increase them. By making use of the library facili ties already available, they save ex pense and trouble. The oooks are cared for and checked up by library experts just as are the other volumes in the library. By extending the ad vantages ^f their co-operative scheme to the - general public they are per forming a valuable service. If at any time one of these lawyers moves to another city he is still the owner of his volumes and can take them} with him. Their places on the site] res would ? probably be filled soon by other lawyers. It is an excellent idea, and one so? _ _ oks on special subjects might well take tip. It would greatly augment the useful ness of the public library with no ad ditional expense to anybody. BONDS TP. The public does sometimes, at least, believe that the newspapers tell it. A conspicuous instance, is the recent rise in the market price of govern ment bonds. When various issues fell to levels ranging from 95 down to 82 or 83, the press almost unanimously pointed out the absurdity of such prices com pared with the reai value of the se curities and'with the market quota tions for other securities. The papers, indeed, had been preaching this right along, ever Since the issues dropped noticeably below par. At last the advice, emphasized by a general feel- j ing of uneasiness over the situation, I was heeded. Small investors, who had previously been the chief sellers of Liberty Bonds, all at once became the chief buyers. ! The market immediately reacted. LThe bonds started up. Some of the issues have gained already several dollars a "share. The movement will probably stop soon. There may be a slight recession, since progress up or down in any sort of securities is sel dom steady.'But it may be safely said that, in general, the government^ bonds at least are headed for par,] where they belong. When they will reach it, no one can say. It may be a year; it may be five years. If they are to reach it at any. time within several years, any of the issues is still a: "good buy-' at anywhere near present prices. , As for the real value of the bonds, compared wifh their market value, of course that has not been changed. Let it be repeated that they were never worth less than par, according to recognized standards of sound busi ness investment. At their lowest, the interest has always ?* remained the same, and has been paid with abso lute . promptness and precision, and the repaymeht.of the principal on the specified date "was assured, and this, will always he true. Nobody who held onto his bonds has ever lost a dollar.on them, and nobody who holds onto his bonds now and henceforth will lose a dollar. It is the seller who loses. He loses di rectly the difference between the sell ing price and' the price he paid Uncle Sam originally, and he loses indirect ly through the unsettlement of credit and business-and the raising of com modity prices that accompanies the dumping of such securities on the market. THE "BRJYE" ABANDONED ' A great ^philanthropic organization uv the East has decided to abandon the overworked "drive" :as a means for raising,funds. The needs of. the various charities will be kept before the public and be fore' the business men of the com munity by means , of a" continuous propaganda, instead of by sporadic at tacks. " Regular subscriptions, which ah all be a part of the regular monthly expenses of the individual or business house will be sought. The gaining of Jiew subscribers to .the different caufces' will be carried on at all tinres. not aggressively but systematically, an l the collection of pledges and sub scriptions will be put upon a similar businesslike basis. The public, in most communities, is well educated to its responsibilites as regards the unfortunate, and it is not' difficult to obtain subscriptions for recognized charitable and philan thropic ? work, but the "drive" often catches the giver at a most inoppor tune time, and sometimes is most irri tating. The .substitution of more methodical and less spectacular ways qf raising funds will appeal to the average contributor and will doubtless result in equally large sums for con-* ducting charitable enterprises. A BURGLAR-PROOF CAR. Two members of the New York po-1 lice department have perfected a de-j vice which they believe will lessen au tomobile thievery materially. The device consists of two signals, one to be displayed while the car is in operation b$ the owner the other, diamond shaped, to he substituted for the first when the owner leaves the car standing. It bears the words, "Tell a policeman, if this car moves carrying a diamond disk." Changing signals sh off the motor, and both signals are projected by burglar-proof locks. Should the ingenuous thief overcome these obstacles, the minute he starts to remove the diamond disk an automatic horn begins to blow, at tracting unforeseen attention. - The trouble with most automobile thefts is that they are not detected until the owner of the car appears, and frequently valuable time is lost. ?Tne new device obviates this difficul ty^e?abling the f^rsT?*passer-by to give the alarm.* None of the many safety ideas thus far have nut much check upon the theft of automobiles. If these two 'policemen, despairing of the best ef forts of their fraternity, have dis covered a mechanism which will real ly do the business they will deserve I well of several million car-owners. GOOD PAY FOR BAD SERVICE. During the past year the New York post office, alone has been obliged to employ approximately ? 12,000 tem porary workers. Because of the law which establishes the pay rate for aux iliary workers, hired for temporary service, these, men are^paid often as much as 19 cents an hour more than regular trained employees. This is putting a premium on inexperience "with a vengeance. There has been similar discrimination ift many other cities. The postmaster of New York testi fied before the# joint commission on postal, salaries that inexperience was not the only thing paid for at this rate. Sixty cents an hour pays for "floating labor". Those temporary, employees frequently were 'Hacking in industry, efficiency" and honesty. It has been necessary to remove many of them summarily* for different of fenses, including theft, which has been very common." Here is one of the many sound rea sons for raising the pay of carriers and clerks in accordance w;ith' the recommendations of the .postal com mission. . . DOTS AND DASHES is someone rocking the Raft out at Rafting Creek? We hope that the conference at Spa wont develop into a Spat. Palmer seems to have had an open Palm in Pennsylvania. The Silver Moon should be eclipsed. Tf it happens the event can best be observed from Africa. Some of the local speed demons have " For Hire" on their cars. It should be changed to "For Lower" as they may have a wreck some time. We wonder if other parts of the cars besides the wheels are not becom ing tired. The horns for instance. '.. -? . Several more garages are being built in town." Well Sumter auto be able to support them. Are you supporting the local Y. M. C. A? If not, "Y".? Help the baseball men get up a good team. They need money. Don't strike out! Five dollars will make a hit: ; ' - , Have the "drys"' also prohibited more than 2 ?1-2 per cent, rain? Feople of Sumter County, don't put< a not in the Development Board. The Bubonic Plague situation might be said to be getting Vera Crucial. ? 1 Are the railroad men'striking while, the iron is hot, or the head? Chicago is due for some- warm weather. There wiil be plenty"of hot! air at the convention hall. The House and Senate worked day and night last week. They couldn't make up for a year's lost time in one week. San Francisco may be the place of the Golden Gate. But no Democratic The price of sugar has gone up and every one .is getting sour about it. Candidate can pave his way there with Gold. SCHOLARSHIP AND ENTRANCE . EXAMINATIONS University of South Carolina. The examination for the award of vacant scholarships in the University of South Carolina and for admission of new students will be held at the county court house on Friday, July 9, at 9 at m. Applicants must not be less than sixteen years of age. When scholarships are vacant after July 9, they will be awarded to those making the highest average at examination, provided they meet the conditions governing the award. Applicants for scholarships should write to President Currell for scholarship examination blanks. These blanks, properly filled out by the applicant -should be filed with President Currell by July 2. Scholarships are worth. $100, free tuition and fees, total $158. The next session will open Sept 15, 1920. For further information and cata logue, address PliES. W. & CURJiELL, Columbia, S. C. Where the Sexes Differ. A woman can do a thing she doesn't want to do without making imprint I able remarks, but few men can. v : CHURN BUTTER ONLY J ? ' - ? ? _" ^i_ _i'-. . ? ? Cream alone should be * churned.. It may be skimmed as ? j 9 soon, as it rises or may be sepa rated by a mechanical separator. ? mi_?? _ j_._ . - ... ? ^ ? The latter plan is the more effi ? dent, and though requiring a jj ? considerable initial outlay often ? ? will be profitable. The cream j! ? ' should be sef aside in a clean ? ! 2 place by separate milkings. J j BALANCED fiATfON FOR COWS Important to Furnish Various Nutri ents' m Proportion the Animai Needs Them. \ (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) It is probably well to refer to the composition of feedstuffs as it relates to economical feeding of. the dairy cow. The cow takes into her digestive j system feeds which she utilizes for j the production of body tissues, heat- j ing the .body, performing bodily func-! tions, such as digesting feed, moving j Cow Must Have Ample Supply, of Palatable Feed. from place to place, and for milk pro- j duction. It is sufficient to say that j the constituents or compounds and the ! relative quantities necessary for these operations have been determined; tha' j is, we know that milk contains protein J and energy or heat-producing constit uents, the protein being represented by the casein and albumin and the energy and heat-producing ccnstit? uents by the fat and sugar. In addi tion to the constituents or compounds necessary for the production of milk, she also must'have the constituents j necessary. for performing the other j functions mentioned. These, for coft ! venience, have been classified into! proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Fats i perform much the same functions, as] carbohydrates and are worth for pro- j duction practicaily. two and one-fourth j times as much per pound as carbohy-1 dr?tes, and in the balancing of a ra-| tion are usually classed with them. J This brings us to a definition of a t "balanced ration," which is a ration | containing these various nutrients in J the proportion the cow needs them. The economical importance of a bal anced ration is evident The cow can use only certain elements or com pounds in certain proportions; conse quently, if the ration supplies an ex cessive amount of any one, the excess is liable to be wasted. Not only is this true, but as the cow has to. as similate it even though she cannot nse it, her capacity for production is j reduced. In making a ration, cost is one of the important factors. The best prac tice is to compound a grain mixture so that it will balance with the home- j grown roughage. With this in mind, the separate grains should be selected to supply the necessary nutrients, at the lowest possible cost. For this, not ,only the price per hundred pounds but also the . relative cost of each-constit- j nent, especially protein, must be con-1 sidered. For example, to determine the j cost of a pound of digestible protein in a given feed divide the price of 100 pounds by the per cent of digestible protein in the feed. If this calculation is made for several feeds, the relative ?ost of protein in each will he appar tmt Then the feeds that furnish pro teHn at the least cost can be selected-1 The* same can be done to determine I the cost of the carbohydrates and fat, j which are the heat-making or 'energy- j ?producing part of the feed. . KEEPING UP SOIL FERTILITY Growing of Green Manure Crops Must Be Practiced Where Other Fer tilizer Is Unavailable. 1 When barnyard manure, straw or; j stubble, are not available for use as \ fertilizer, then the growing of green manure crops must be practiced. Soil fertility must be kept up and there! must be the right supply of humus, j There are very few farms where j enough manure is produced so that the j i green-manure crops are not needed. J However, whore all the barnyard ma- j nure is properly saved, there is leas j need for the green manures. If the i i green crops, mainly the legumes, are J I .grown in sufficient amount for aiding [ j in fertility, the soil can be kept in j j fine condition even if there is a short* j j age of the barnyard manures. j Letter From Mr. Dabbs. Tryon, X. C. 1 prohiisocFin my last tetter to give, an account of my trip t?? Rock Hill.! We left at 8 a. m. Wednesday: At! Landrum? turned directly to the left] across the railroad and were soon hack I in North Carolina. Passed some gold ! mines that were worked' for many j years, but they are now ri ovihg out: the machinery. The mines wore a: series of wells or shafts sunk in the! ground* at various depths with galler- j ies leading out from the shafts, it was a rolling country like the edge Of the sand hilis in Sumter county, most- \ ly gray top-soii with blackjack, hiek-j ory, dogwood and pin-e. At the fo'-1--> of the road eighteen! milefe from hom*e I found I'could have' gone by Lyon and saved ? mile or two.; Crossed a corner of Spartanburg coun- j ty at Chesnee, a new town on he Clinchfield railroad. From the town; pmits.I was in Crookec county with] the best roads. I have seen anywhere, j sixteen .miles to Gaffhey. It was a! beautiful country with fine farms. Passed Cowpens battlefield and monument at Thicketty mountain, 7 miles above Gaffney. Dr. Clyde Car- j land,, younger brother of the Cole*] Harnliton Garland, of Sardinia, is a! prosperous druggist and optician at; Gaffney. I spent a very pleasant hourj with him and was directed to go j southeast to Wilkinsville and on to j York by the Irene bridge over Broad! river. There was a good road all the I way to the river. Five miles out I passed around the base of a little; mountain off by itself with what I j took to be a fine mansion near the top,. but proved to be masses of white rock piled up like a fort, said to be natural i work. Wilkinsville, 12 miles out from Gaff- j ney. is a country- postoffice. store and j oil mil!. Taken as a whole, from \ Chesnee to Irene, 32 or ?fZ miles, is the | best farming country: aiid roads that] T have seen in the-up-country for that: .distance. York county was the first j place I saw every negro at work. All along in Polk county. N. C, and across! Spartanburg and .Gaffney, the' work-] ers were white women, boys and girls, j mostly women and girls hoeing cotton.; white men and boys plowing, and an occasional negro plowing. I do not advise any one to take the] road from Gaffney to Ybrk.by Hickory! Groye. The steep.' crooked, rocky j hill roads from Hickory Grove to York j were very trying on one's nerves. Road j from York to Rock Hill was once fine but now it is rather bumpy. Got to Rock Hill, 99*? miles, at 4:15. Learn ing in Rock Hill that I could run down to CIdLateont and on to Sumter by 12: and leave-by 2 o'clock, by way of Sumter Junction, I could not resist the temptation to get a peep at Sum ter fields again. Crops are poor until about .Boykin, the besjt wheat and oats I have seen are in the State farm and G. A. Lemmon's farm. Otherwise the oat crop is poor. My advice to all who have seed oats that are good is to.save as" many as possible for seed. There arc a good many fields of good, wheat m Lancaster and York, also fine vetch and oats hi York between Rock Kill and King's Mountain. We returned yesterday by way*of York and King's Mountain, crossing the mountain pretty high up on the dustiest road J have yet struck, but a pretty good road, on to Shelby. The road to Rutherfordton, 30 miles further, is not so good but is sti'l-pret-> ty fair. At Rutherford ton, got a good dinner and then came on here by Co!-, umnus. From Ruthcrfordton to Mill Spring, 3 5 miles, was a well-graded road but rough for lack of top-soiling. We came back, 109 miles in Z% hours:.' I was surprised to see so" much gray topsoil roads in Polk, Rutherford tcn and Cleveland counties. N. C, and York county, S. C. Many times I was reminded of'some of the rolling lands of upper Sumter county. I was sur prised also to see. so much cotton in these counties and Gaffney. Polk. Cherokee, Cleveland . and! Rutherfordton counties impressed me with the beautiful shaped terraces, with a row of cotton or corn "along the top, while York and Lancaster had weedy terraces in evidence more than the others. Also more;, negro workers than whites in the fields. Winthrop commencement was the best, of them all, so persons who have attended oth er commencements have declared/268* girls were a wared diplomas or certi ficates! The class exercises were-of a iiigh order and severar young women made eloquent speeches, full of the gospel of practical service. I heard W. J.. Roddy present an award to a young woman and the State is the los er for not having him in the campaign for political office. Hon. J. A. Rerry's-address to the ', graduating, class was an appeal for a reform of the tax system which he predicts will l>e done when the women have the ballet. In the-dedication of the new building for the student body. Dr. Johnson declared that Winthrop, is distinctly a Christian college, and the activities of the students bear out the claim. . E. W. Dabbs. Stones for Rosaries. The rosaries sold at Kandahar are extensive??v manufactured from soft ' crystallized silicate of magnesia.' This' '. is quarried from a hill,about thirty,' miles northwest of the city, wher&?;J sonpstone and antimony are also ob> . .. tained in considerable abundance. The ;K stcne varies in color from a.light yel-? ? low to a bluish white, and is generally < opaque. rn-n-r in ?? i ?iimw i I II -;-?r?: LOST?One cream colored Jersey cow,, . strayed from home Friday. Reason- . able" reward for information or re turn to" Mr5?. A. I>. ^Plowden, on Brewington Road, P. ?.. Gable, S. C. '???-??" ? "'* FOR SALE?At a bargain, one Colt's" generator complete with all fixtures. It's all new and never been uneratV ed. See J. P. Commander. . I?NDAY EXC?RSI mmm Affording An*ExcelIent Opportunity to'Visit the Seashore Effective June 6 to Sept 5, 1920, Inclusive. Round Trip CITMTED <D9 *)A Limited to Fare From 5UI?1!M $L.L\3 Date of Sale Proi>oi-tionate Fares from Intermediate Points. . Baggage will, not be checked en these tickets and they will not be honored in sleeping or parlor cars.. SCHEDULES GOING SCHEDULES RETURNING Lv. SUMTER . 6:55- All Lv. CHARLESTON .... 8:20 PM Ar. CHARLESTON -.10:35 AM /r. SUMTER -....?.-l-.ll:50 PM For particulars regarding Regu/ar Summe* Excursion Fares, Apply to O. V. PLAYER..Ticket Agent, Sumter, S.'C. \V. J Craig*. T. O. White, Passenger Traffic Manager General Passenger Agt. ? WILMINGTON. X. C. . ATLANTIC COAST LINE, Standard Railroad of the South. The National Bank of South Carolina of Sumter, S. C. Resources $2,?0O,00u. The i*I'4"I"l"I"I"I"H> Strong and Progressive Most Painstaking ' SERVICE with COURTESY Give us the Pleasure of Serving YOU . The Bank of the Rank; and File * C. G. ROWLAND, President EARLE ROWIGAND, Cashier y?:? ?!? 'I^:?v-'I'C^I'-I1 ?!>-2'?!? ?!??!>?<? j i | NEELL O'DONNELIi, President O. L. YATES. OMhier "HELLO DADDY" "Don't forget your Kiddie." Per mit us to suggest a substantial way of remembering "Kiddie." Com mence Monday morning and deposit one dollar to his credit, and keep this up every week until he is 21 years of ;i?,-e. VTe will compound, it quarterly nt four per cent, and by the time the hoy reaches the age of maturity, he will have a bank account sufficient to start him in business. The First National Bank SUMTER, S. C.