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Wednesday and Saturday ? BY ? PUBLISHING COMPANY SUMTER, S. C. Terms: f.SO per annum?in advance. Advertisements, mare, first insertion _$1.00 subsequent insertion.50 rtracts for three months or long be made at reduced rates, communications which subserve fce interests will be charged for rertisements. actuaries and tributes of respect be charged for. Sumter Watchman was found in 1850 and the True Southron in The Watchman and Southron has the combined circulation and fruecce of both of the old papei-s, is manifestly the best advertising iura in Sumter. pS^ring has come back again, but iy has the confidence in it that felt a few* weeks ago. THE IMMIGRATION ISSUE. ;?n at least one point the American ion and the American Federation Labor have.a common ground for rnient They are both in favor of further restriction upon immigra 1 lion. Both of'them, in fact, are new : opposed to any immigration what ever, the Federation of Labor for a l^pe^riod of "at-'least two years after t peace has been declared," and the American! Legion for a general sus pension until aliens now in this coun ?iry;:ean be Ameiricanized. This ground" 'of agreement is liiceiy %o prove more of a binding agency than the passive- holding of the same View might generally be thought ca pable of producing. For there .:s to be strong opposition. It comes from the Inter-RaCial Council, an organiza tion headed By Coleman Du Pont and embracing some 350 industrial con cerns which want plenty of labor at reasonable cost. The Council will urge upon Congress the elimination of the ? literacy test in order that the bars may be let down to meet the labor shortage ina this country, which the Council estiinates at 5,000,000 men. So^here is a clearly drawn battle - line?more immigration versus no Immigration; capital for, and labor against. It would make a pretty fight if it shduld come to a show-down. But^Congress is not likely to embar rass itself in an Open row between la bor and capital, particularly when la bor Is backed by the American .Legion This is a poor year for the Inter-Ra cial Council to come asking Congress for any such little favor as cutting off its own head. "SIX DATS SHALT THOU LABOR AND DO ALL THY WORK." The some God who laid upon tire children of Israel the injunction t?L?fe?erve the sanctity of the Sabbath proclaimed also the holiness of toil and declared that labor is the law of salvatjbn. In this crucial period of hnrjtan history, it behooves us all to give* heed, not to one-seventh of this commandment only, but to the six sevenths with which the Almighty glorified toil and translated work into a fc~m of worship. There is nothing in this command ment that we of the present day are warranted in interpreting as Div'ne Sanction for shorter hours #or arti ficial restriction of production. "Six days shalt thou labor"?not six hours a day, not even eight hours a day, but ?o many hours as may be required to do all thy work. So long as produc tion lags behind the needs of a hun gry world, all our work is not done, and evj&ry hour wrested from the working schedule of the week is an hour of violence to humanity and of blasphemy to God. If" the. executives, the sales manag ers, the bookkeepers, the stenograph ers and the clerks, the advertising men and those of the sales force do net work with a keener sense of the obligations that rest upon them?if those in the high places do not make their brains more productive, small license shall they have for casting the stone of opprobrium at the ignorant, the brutal and the reactionary* in the ranks of organized or unorganized physical labor. ? From "Paragrafs," issued by the Whitaker Paper Co., Cincinnati. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE. "T3te public school is the corner stone- of American democracy," says the Philadelphia North American in an editorial which' deserves to be widely read and headded. "It is the first line of defense of the nation in time of war, and the funda mental safeguard of its institutions in time of peace. Adequate support of the school system is not. therefore, a mere matter of sentiment or expedi ency, it is an imperative demand of self-preservation. Jthe public school system is the fn-head of nationalism, the one ;urce of that patriotic democra ?inity which must be our safe Linst foreign aggression, and jl still, against the propagan and destructive revolu tion the needs of the public schools Americans are rather likely to underestimate this last as I pect of the Situation. And yet it is not by any means the least important. Says the North American: "There is just one antidote for Bol shevism, and that is education?edu cation through the public schools. I "This is not a theory; it is a fact ! supported by abundant evidence. Dur ing the steel strike a few months ago a survey made in the western part of Pennsylvania showed that almost 'without exception these men, whether foreign born, or native born, who had gorib through the public schools were against the leaders', program of class strife and disorder; they had imbibed democracy and Americanism in the class-room and the play-ground. Fur ther investigation has shown that in most labor unions the cleavage bet tween radical and conservative groups is marked by the line dividing those who have attended the public schools and those who have not. "It is from -the ranks of the illiter ate that the anti-American elements of disorder and class tyranny are re cruited; it is from the children of af fluence, who have been deprived of the broadening influence of the public schools, that the parlor Bolshevists is developed." The National army of men drafted from every walk of life, shaken up together and treated with absolute equality proved a tremendous demo craticizing influence. It has done a great deal to make the young men of the country understand each other. But the public schools do it more^ thoroughly and through the most im pressionable years. Or rather, they do it when and where the public support and enthus iasm for them and for their work is adequate to let them f-'^U their pro per function. TO STEADY THE BONDS. While it will be granted that the di rect cause of the depreciation of gov ernment bonds is wholesale selling by| the public, still a heavy responsibility rests upon the government?which means in this instance primarily Con gress. -? . It was expected that the govern ment would stabilise the bond market and keep the bonds up to par by buy ing in enough for that purpose, when ever the market weakened. In con nection with some of the later issues definite promises were made to this effect. The public was always told that the securities would be as good as cash at any time.' This govern ment guarantee has not been made good. The Treasury Department has, at intervals, bought up considerable quantities of war bonds, ... totalling many hundred millions, for one rea son or another. But this I-os stopped because the Treasury no longer has the money. Congress appropriates money so fast that the Treasury, nc matter how many billions are pouring in from income taxes . and other sources, is nearly always hundreds of millions short, and has to keep issu ing big blocks of emergency certifi cates to make up the deficit If Congress would let up in its ex travagance enough to allow the ac cumulation of half a billion or so c surplus, a fund could be established md maintained to take up the slack In the bond market and start tin bonds well toward par. This would be an excellent thing in every way, saving the nation billions of dollarr iirectly and indirectly, encouragim investors and steadying the whole fi nancial system. 24,000 HOMES WAITING. Ther^ are not less than 24,000 abandoned farm houses in this coun try, and still the populace in the cities struggles with rent profiteers, and crowds into small and unsatisfac tory living quarters. There must be some among these unhappily situated city dwellers who could, if they would, seek out some of the abandoned farm houses, and make them inhabitable, reclaiming at least a little of.the farm land anc living more healthily and happily than ever before. In many cases it might be necessary for the father to kee at his work in town, going out to the country only for week-ends or even not as often as that. But the story of all pioneering is the story of sep aration and hardship. If it mear better health for children, better food| at less cost because most of it was prouced in the home garden and chicken yard, and ultimately a pay ing farm, why would it not be worth the effort? The reduction in expenses which would result from cheaper rent and lower clothing bills should provide railway fare or a trusty flivver in which to go back and forth. Backg to the farm! Back to Clod's country, where the air is clean and sweet, where the people are honest and kind, where there is room for privacy and the d<a /elopment of orig inality, where independence waits. Why do not more people };o back? There are 24,000 homes waiting. The road to Pocalla has / been re paired and is now in fine There has been need of a gopd road to Sumter's pleasure resort condition. fFIND STEAMER LONG BURIED Dredging Operations in the Mersey Disclose Remains of Vessel That Had Been Forgotten. For some time past the Mersey docks and harbor board has been con ducting dredging operations in the neighborhood of the Burbo back, one of the huge accumulations of sand which impede the navigation of the Mersey entrance, and these have re sulted in a "find" of remarkable in terest. It is the remains of a steamer which have evidently been embedded for I generations. Her date is long ante rior to that of iron shipbuilding. Of sound English oak were her timbers and framing, to which circumstances doubtless is due the fact that they still retain cohesion and shape, and have so wonderfully resisted the forces of decay as to supply an abundant quantity of material for the souvenir manufacturer. Her beams, in point of fact, are described as being as f'hard as iron." The machinery has practically per ished, but the engine bed-plates and the funnel remain, and relics of pot tery and other articles are plentiful. The vessel, cleared of superabundant sand, is not only visible, but accessible at low water, and has been visited and examined by many interested people. The prevailing opinion is that she is the William Huskisson, a paddle steamer belonging to the City of Dub lin company, and trading between Liv erpool and the Irish capital, which on the 12th of January, 1840, was wreck ed on her passage to the Mersey. She had 120 passengers on board, of whom 95 were rescued by the ship Hudders field, and the remainder perished, j Captain Clegg of the Huddersfield | subsequently received handsome pres entations from the citizens of Liver- j pool in recognition of his good work.? Manchester Guardian. ! REMAINS OF ROMAN SMELTER j Intensely Interesting Discovery Said I * to Have Been Made in the ! North of England. /A lady member of the Cumberland ' and Westmoreland Antiquarian so ciety of England has had the good fop tune to discover what is believed to be a Roman blooniery, or ancient smelt ing furnace. Her attention was drawn to the place by the work of moles, which recently exposed some of the j remains, and again later by the burn teg of the whins formerly concealing the hearth and other features of the j bloomery, near Forest How. By some exploration with a spade, I she traced the foundations of a large hearth, twelve yards in diameter, and a number of heaps of cinders, slag and ore; and she also turned up spec imens of Roman tiles, with pottery, slag and hematite. The size of the hearth of the Forest How bloomery marks it as quite different from the ordinary north-country medieval Iron furnaces, which run from seven to nine or ten feet In diameter, for the one just found is twelve yards across. This appears to be worth further ex ploration and probably money for that purpose will be found. Hadn't Seemed to Work. An oldish man In rusty-brown clothes and with a' rusty-brown beard met up with a pin. It was shining sharply bright on a flagging, and he stopped to pick It up. He had stiff joints and his fingers were In that state Informally known as bungly. So he had trouble picking up the pin. A young man paused to offer his services, but the old one refused. He just grunted and grumbled until at last victory came his way. Then he straightened up his rickety joints and put a hand on his back. "I'm not as young as I used to be," he admitted, as genially as his joints would allow. "But you know the old saying: M '.See a pin and let It lay, you'll have bad luck all the day. See a pin and pick it up and you are sure to have good luck.' "So I never pass one by." j And yet he didn't look as lucky ?s j a man ought to be who had made a life habit of picking op pins.?Wash ington Star. Flax in the War. With the restoration of industry on a peace-time basis, cotton once again, according to recent authoritative state ments, forges ahead of liuen in the world's favor. The exigencies of the recent conflict raised flax to the posi tion as leader among fabrics, a rank which it had held for centuries but had I lost almost simultaneously with the advent of the cotton gin. With a real ization of the importance of cotton in the making of munitions, there came a speedy reversion to linen for the more commonplace usages?waistcoats, sails for ships, even "wings" for air planes having lately consisted of ma terial woven from the sun-hued fiber. But flax has reached the end of its days of monopoly. King Cotton now rises to the fore in ordinary pursuits, and linen once again becomes the aristocrat in this field of supply. High Minded. The teacher was impressing upon her scholars the need of saying their prayers. To Illustrate the lesson she showed the class a picture of an Arab, with head between his hands, and looking upward. "Now, Billy Cubhs." she said to a boy who had not been paying close attention to her words, "what 1? that man doing?" "Er?er?please, teacher, he's A-lookift' for?er?'planes.'?Blighty. Reasons for tlie Request for a Levy of Additional Mills. In considering the levying of addi tional taxes for school purposes, there are some questions that naturally! arise: 1. Is i: necessary that this should be done? The Board of Education, to whose care, has been entrusted the manage ment of i:he schools, afur a most thorough investigation, has unanim ously decided that it is necessary and the number of mills has been calculat ed to a fractional part. The Board of j Education * does not believe that the: people are willing that the schools! should take any backward steps, and j in order to keep the schools up to their present'standard, and to make: very needed improvements in certain particulars, the number of mills ask ed for is necessary. 2. Who are the real beneficiaries of a school system ? Education at public expense can be justified solely upon one ground and that is the training of a better citi zenship. The prospective citizen is the child of today, and there is but one way to favor a child and that is to train him aright. Xo public school is run for the purpose of giving any one a position, or enabling any one to make a living for himself. The child is the one excuse for the exist ence of a public school. No existence would demmand a saner excuse or a j better reason. In the present crisis in j educational matters, it is not the I teacher's interest that is at stake. If so inclined, the teacher may find other j work to do, but the child's welfare is very much at stake. We wish the I children of the next five years to be j taught with as much skill as those of anyiother period. The truth ofi it is that the next 5 years will make great er demands of schools than have^ever been made, in all of their history. It is of importance, therefore, that our schools should not only be as good, but better than they have ever been before. No school can be any better than its teacher. In order to get the best teachers, we must pay adequate salaries. The welfare, therefore, of our children, demands that we pro vide the means by which the best teachers may be employed. Z. An increase is not only necessary at this time, but very desirable. For different reasons, more pro nounced this year than ever before, the school systems that are unwilling to make the necessary provision will become disorganized to a greater or less degree. There are some excel lent teachers in this State, whose ser vices we shall be able to procure to fill any vacancies that may occur in our own corps of teachers. It would be a very great step forward to fill every vacancy with the best teachers of the State. Every child and every grade is entitled to. an equal chance, and it is for this reason that the Board of Education will employ only teachers of successful experience. The Board does not wish any weak spots in its educational system. I may bo pardoned. 1 think, for saying that Sumter has some excellent teachers. j and we certainly should be in a posi tion to retain their services. One thing is perfectly clear and that is (that the city that has the best set of teachers will, unquestionably, have the best school system. Those who have given the question any consideration at all know that teachers have not been receiving an adequate compensation.. There is no j one who would maintain this position j successfully. Of course no teacher' should get what he is worth, because any man who. in any position, gets all that he is worth, is not worth what he gets. It is impossible adequately to elevate human endeavor, but we know that when one is doing his best in aj position which he is supposed to be able to fill successfully, he should cer-j tainly thereby be able to make a liv-j nig. The teachers have not been do ing this. We know perfectly well that! they have not been adequately paid, j It is not just that teachers should bo j called upon, continuously, to make sacrifces in order that we. through | them, may be able to train our chil-j dren aright, and to give our State the j kind of citizenship to which, she is so! justly entitled. The extra levy, there-! I fore, is necessary, because it is entire-' j ly just. f ".. Without being provincial in any' ?way, I feel somehow that the loyal' /citizens of 3umter realize that we j have a little city that is unusual in many respects. It may be the class j of citizens that we are so fortunate in j having; it may be the natural advan- j tnges; it may be the beauty of the town, or it may be its intangible spir it. But there is certainly something that makes Sumter a most desirable place in which to live and which calls forth unalloyed toyalty of its citizens, i T have always believed that the re fining, enlightening and liberalizing influences of education have more to do with the reil progress of a place than anything else. It has been aj source, therefore, of great pleasure f to all of us to do everything in our power for Sumter's educational ad vancement. This wish on the part of j the whole citizenship makes me feel practically certain that the people of Sumter will never take a backward step in educational progress. Respectfully and cordially submit-, ted, S. II. Edmunds, | Supt. of City Schools, j FOR SAI/K?At a bargain, one Colt's generator complete with all fixtures. It's all 'new and never been uncrat ed. See .1 P. Commander. - ; I FOR SALE?Ninety-day velvet beans. Sumter County raised. Guaranteed sound. ?:>.r>0 per bushel, f. o. b. j Sumter. .John L. Frierson. Sumter. j S. C.. Route ?!. j HA VF A FEW Ford Starters that we can Install at once. If you have a ! Ford without a starter, see us. Shaw Motor Company. j HAVE CAR LOAD Ford one ton trucks in transit. Still have one or two unsold. See us at once. Shaw Motor Company. CHAUTAUQUA HAS OPENED The Seven-Day Program Is In teresting, Instructive and Entertaining Sumter's* seven clay Redpath Chau tauqua will open tomorrow afternoon at 7:4 5 o'clock in the big brown tent erected on the Crosswell lot, corner Church and Calhoun strctes. The Sibyl Sam mis Singers will be the attraction for the opening at'ter inoon ami a program replete with good musical material rendered in a pleasing manner may be expected. Costumed sketches are a feature of the Sibyl Sammis programs. At night the program will begin at .7:4."> o'clock, and after a prelude of 30 minuts by the Sibyl Sammis Com pany, Dr. H. E. Rompel, one of the greatest dramatic orators of today will give his great lecture. "Facing the Task." Dr. Rompel has an ex ceptionally important message on present time conditions. The program for the week days is as follows: First T>av First afternoon: I >ductory Ex ercises. Grand Concert by Sibyl Sam mis Singers and Miss Mary Cameron, pianist. Admission: r>Qc and 5e tax. Qhildren: 27c and 3c tax. First night: Concert by Sibyl Sam mis Singers and Miss Mary Cameron, pianist. Lecture. "Facing the Ttask"?Dr. H. E. Rompel. Admission: 50c and He tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Second Day Second morning: Children's Hour. Second afternoon: Concert by Em erson Williams Co. ^Monologue: (Subject to be announ ced)?Mr. V. S, Watkins. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Second night: Concert by Emerson Williams Co. Lecture, "How to Be Young at Sev enty or Old at Forty"?Dr. Carolyn E. Geisel. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Third Day. Third morning: Children's hour. Third afternoon: Concert by Men delssohn Trio. Lecture, "The Wonders of Bur bank"?Henry A. Adrian. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Third night: Grand Concert by Louise Stallings and Mendelssohn Trio Admission: 77c and Sc tax. ChMdren: 36c and 4c tax. Fourth Day Fourth morning: Children's hour. Fcurth afternoon: Grand cotfeert by New Opera Singers. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Fourth night: Concert by New York Opera Singers. Lecture, "Human Nature and Poli tics"?Opie Read. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Fifth Day Fifth morning: Children's hour. Fifth morning: Concert by orches tra. Lecture. "Back to the Farm"?Hon. C G. Jordan. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Fifth night: Gilbert and Sullivan's Famous Opera. "H. M. S. Pinafore." Special Scenic and Lighting Effects. Admission: $1.00 and 10c tax. Children: 50c and 5c tax. Sixth Day Sixth morning. Children's hour. Sixth afternoon: Lecture, "Modern Cnrest"?Donald FL McGibeny. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Sixth night: Delightful American Comedy, "Nothing ?ut the Truth." Admission: ?1.00 and 10c tax. Children: 50c and 5c tax. Seventh Day Seventh morning. Children's hour. Seventh afternoon: Children's pag eant. "The Good Fairy Thrift" Concert by Swiss Singers and Yod ? dlers. Admission.: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. Seventh night: Concert by Swiss Singers and Yoddlers. Lecture, "Human Efficiency" ?? Ralph Parlette. Admission: 50c and 5c tax. Children: 27c and 3c tax. WITHDRAW FROM j RUHR REGION German Government Notifies France of Retirement of Troops Paris. April 2H?Dr. Geo. Pert, head of the German delegation, has handed the foreign office a note, addressed to Premier Millerand, stating that tho additional troops which had entered the Ruhr district, had all evacuated the same on April 21st. THE ADRIATIC PROBLEM Question^ Remains In Negotia tion Between Italy and Slavs San Remo, April 26?The council of premiers, as the result of the request of Premier Nitti. of Italy, and For eign' Minister'Trumbitch, of Jugosla via, will allow th* Adriatic Question to remain in negotiation between the Italian and Jugoslav governments. PUBLIC NOTICE. Notice is hereby given of the regu-. lar spring examination for teachers. /The examination will be held in the Court House. Saturday, May 1st, be ginning at 9 o'clock. \ Questions will be given by the State Board of Education from the text books used .in the public schools- of* the State. -v,?--<4 ? This is the last examination that the County Board of Education will have charge of, as hereafter the papers will be sent to i State Board of Exam iners, in Columhia. All tfeachers' certificates will have to be recorded by the State Board of Examiners after June 1st, as well as in the counties where teachers are employed. Any teacher not certain about her certificate should see the County Su perintendent of Education, so that if renewals can be made, they may bo made before June 1st' Where not entitled to, renewal of certificates, teachers should take the May examination. By order of the State Board of Ed ucation. J. H. HAYNSWORTK. _Co. Supx. of Ed. Get Rid of That Sour Breath' PEPSfliOL Gets Rid of the Cause of Sour Breath Sour breath is frequently Urning of a complete physical breakdown, for it is an unfailing sign that undigested, fermenting food is making your stom ach weak and filling your blood with acid poisons. This ackiity makes your blood thin and watery, makes you thin and pale, weak and tired. Pep sinoi overcomes this acid by insuring splendid digestion and helping to cre ate the rich, strengthening blood that keeps you strong and vigorous;- Pep sinol soon restores vitality after any illness by stimulating the appetite and restoring harmonious action of stom ach, iiver and kidneys. CITY DRUG COMPANY NEELL O'DONNELL, President i r g i ii ii in? mff v NATIONAL BANK K O. Ii. YATES. Cashier ARE YOU MAK ING MONEY? If not, there is something- wrong with you. Everybody seemai^o be making it. If you are making money, what are. you doing with it? Prob ably spending it as fast as you get it. You should bear in mind that there is only one time to save money, and that, when you are making it. Things look mighty good now, but the tide may turn when we least expect, and then you will be sorry that you did not save your surplus earnings. It is not too late. If you don't know how to save, it will be our pleasure to ad vise you. Our services are at your disposal. The First National Bank sumter, s. c. 'H,,M"H#*,K"H',H'' Tnt bam ? oik y - - Wk J The National Bank of South Carolina of Sumter, S. C. Resources $2,600,000. Strong and Progressive' The Most Painstaking SERVICE with COURTESY Cive u9 the Pleasure of Serving YOU The Bank of the Rank; and File . C. G. ROWLAND, President EARLE ROWLAND. Cashier