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Wednesday and Saturday _BY? PUBLISHING COMPANY SUMTER, S. O. Terms: tt.50 per annum?in advance. Advertisements. Ot*e Square first insertion ..$1.00 ^very subsequent insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer win be made at reduced rates. Ail communications which sub serve private interests will be charged V>r au? advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect Kill be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found bxl in 1850 and the True Southron m 1866. The Watchman &ud Southron now has die combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, j and is mar*testly the best advertising j medium in Sumter. THE TEACHER CHOP. The school teacher problem is an: old story, but its seriousness has not yet been realized. Any comup'^ity facing the double difficulty of more pupils and. fewer teachers may rest assured that almost every other com munity in America is in the same pre-! dicament And the reason is the! same in nearly every case. Secretary Lane reports that last year more than 143,000 school teachers left their schools for * other employment?be cause the other employment paid them more. To make matters worse these were not the poorest teachers; they can hardly be called average teachers they were probably better teachers than those left behind, for it is the exceptionally able teachers who are most likely to be offered good salaries elsewhere. / Thus in one year about 2b per cent: of the best teachers in America were taken out of the public schools. . The ability the training, the devo- i i tion represented by those lost teachers' could not be replaced in a year, even I if by some miracle salaries every-! where were raised, all at once, as high as they ought to be. It takes years: to'make a good teacher. The leaving J of old teachers is really not the worst J part of it. Far more ominous is the! lack of material for recruiting. The only schools not taxed to capacity now are the. normal training schoois. High school students and public school pupils no longer look forward] to teaching as a desirable calling.' The morale of the profession has been lowered, and the whole attitude of the community, from 7- top to bot tom, will have to be changed before j teaching regains its old prestige and efficiency. . . The beginning of this restoration, j however, is higher salaries. That will hefp to hold the capable teachers still left; it will compel respect for them' among material-minded people, and thus help to make teaching appear once-more a desirable career. BUSINESS, NOT CHAIUTY. I _ i SayS Herbert Hoover: "I disagree emphatically with thej statement being circulated by Euro pean propagandists both as to the volume of European financial needs from the United States and as to their j suggestions that the great bulk of1 these needs cannot be met by ordi nary commercial credits and that therefore our treasury needs to be further drawn upon for new loans." , If any one man knows the ne^ds of Europe, it is Hoover. Some of. the European peoples need food supplied at government credit over this winter, he says. Otherwise, no government assistance is necessary. What is needed is business credits from pri- j vate" firms here to private firms j abroad. "The American people are now finding $7,000,000 a month in charity for feeding three millions of children and fighting disease. If we contribute bread supply on government credit to | these starving cities, plus business credits, we will be doing our share of world responsibility. If we extend this help, it should be upon consider- j ation that the stronger nations in Eu rope will do their full part in many directions. "Most European statesmen nat urally desire to please their people by borrowing from our government to j revive prosperity over night," but this' is not necessary. What he would like to see is the "70,0^0,000 people of prosperous na tions who have not suffered in the war coming in to aid in European relief." It is right and natural for prosper ous, generous America to come to the aid of more unfortunate peoples who are suffering and in need. But if this aid is continued into a time when it is not needed, it but contributes to pau perization and lack of self-respect. It is just as foolish for us to extend gov ernment aid to European peoples able to take care of themselves as it is for housewives to feed tramps at back doors, thus enabling them to live lazily while their deserted fami lies starve or become dependent upon public charity. Business credits are needed abroad. But the need of government assist ance is over. There is no occasion for America to minister to the idleness in which Bolshevism grows. What is needed is the stern dictum. "He that will not work, neither shall he eat." FARYi r?>UCATIOX. There is one field in which educa tion seems to be making real pro gress. That is in the professional and technical training of the farmer. There are today many active "arm schools j and agricultural colleges, to say noth ing of the county agent who is a whole department in himself. There ! are both general and highly special ; ized agricultural courses offered at ? the colleges. But that is not all. I The colleges also carry on import jant experiments for improving farm J crops, make valuable soil tests and j give advice broadcast free of charge, j Agricultural education covers a wide j range of subjects and in some States Iis carried on wherever a farmer tills i J an acre of ground. The county agent is an important feature of the educational system. He j travels about through the county | spreading the latest sicentific infor mation, examining soil, prescribing ro-1 tation of crops, suggesting new crops j more suitable to location and climate. | teaching orchard culture, recommend ing fertilizers and even purchasing j them in acrload lo.s and distributing ; them at low rates among the farm ers. Pie conducts "fanners' institutes" ! and "home economics classes" for the j teaching of far-n management, rnar- < keting, improvement of stock. He or ganizes contests and introduces the j best types of farm machinery. He is ably supported in his work byj a group of "demonstrators" who take! up an infinite variety of special sub- j jects including' veterinary medicine, poultry raising, animal husbandry,! entomology.: vegetal, le gardening.! dairying and phases of farm work too ] numerous to mention. This is the work { which includes the boys and girls with i their thriving clubs. It includes con-1 servation of food, care of the home, j and even sewing and serving. In the! wake of the demonstrators come the I gas engine and. the electric motors! which lighten farm drudgery in j house and barn and field. Wherever! such work has been organized and j carried out for even so short a period j as two years, a marked improvement is! observed. It is all good; it makes forj greater efficiency in the production of-) food, and for increased health and j happiness of farm life. THRIFTY >' KW YEAR. _ I During the war-it was accepted.as j a foregone conclusion that the newj national habit of thrift had come to j stay. The popular enthusiasm for Thrift Stamps was taken as a har j binger of the new order of things j The ? postofhee. was' . to ' become the j great savings bank of rhe plain peo- j pie. Through it. the nation was to j form the habit of saving the pennies J which was to lead naturally and easi-j ly to the saving of dollars. Thus the government was to bo provided im mediately with funds for emergency use, and thus the banks were to profit later from transferred deposits, and the whole business system was to \ benefit. Thrift Stamps and War Sav-j ings Stamps were to be to America j what government bonds of small de- j nomination have long been to the; thrifty people of France. This dream has not been fully -real-! ized. The new institution worked re-1 markably well until after the arm is tice. Then there was a slump in in- j terest and in volume of deposits. That i slump is said to have increased this winter. In most* postotfices. it ap-j pears that the public recently has; sold back to the government more I Savings Stamps than it has bought, i It is hardly to be wondered at, in j view of the high prices and the holi day demands. But it is an unwhole some and disappointing tendency, which should be corrected with the progress of the new year. the legisla ture thursday - Little Business Transacted and i Adjournment Taken Until Tuesday Columbia. Jan. 15.?Little was done ! by the general assembly today and j the two houses adjourned to meet again next Tuesday night. . A bill to allow Creek letter frater nities in the Stab- colleges, where per mitted by trustees, was introduced in the house by Representatives Berry j and Scurrie. It amends the present I law against Grr-r-k letter fraternities. The constitutional convention reso lution was set by the house as the [special order t*<>r next Tuesday. This ] passed the senate la^t year. i red?m?Yca?se another war Unless Poland Checks Bolshe viki, Worst Mav Come i i I Washington, Jan. ].".?General re vival of tbe war in Europe if Poland i is unable to withstand the Russian ! Bolsheviki armies is not "improbable." j General Bliss, member of th.-* Amer j ican peace delegation, today told the house ways and means committee. Poland is the only bulwark against Bolshevism, said Gen. Bliss, who ap peared before the committee t<< dis cuss the proposed loan for food relief in Europe. International Meeting to Be Held to Consider Financial Problems ALL NATIONS ARE TO TAKE PART i Concerted Action Necessary to Restore Business Stability in the World THE CAUSE OF HIGH PRICES President of Amalgamated Gar ment Workers of America Tells Retailers Real Reason Chicago. Jan. 14.?Sidney Hillman, president of the Amalgamated Gar i ment Workers of America today j blamed '"the vicious circle" of eom j petition for ihe high cost of clothing i in a statement before the meeting of the National Association of Retail 'clothiers in session here. M. J-.. ! Rothschild, a Chicago retailer, had I asked Hillman. "Who is the cause of j the high prices?" "We all arc" responded Hillman. ; "Many of you know that retailers I have gone to wholesalers and outbid ! competitors, ottering as high as ?101 ! more a coat. Th*? competitor has then ! I offered raor uioney for other orders. ! Then the manufacturer. to obtain Plenty of help, began t<> bid for his neighbors workmen. Thus went the vicious circle and the results are] prices that are criminally high. ?"Sinee the M hour week was estab-1 lished we have had a greater produc-j tron per man per hour than ever be-j fore in most clothing factories." Bank Holiday. Monday. January 19th. being a le-; gal holiday. Lee's Birthday, all the. banks of the city will be closed on that date. New York, Jan. 14.?A call for one j of the greatest international confer ences of commercial and financial; figures ever assembled, in an effort I to find a remedy lor the financial and j ; commercial chaos in which the world has been left by the war, was issued j here today following the meeting of | a coterie of nationally known finan-j ciers. ! The appeal was issued simulta- j neously with similar proclamtions put; forth in Great Britain, France, Hol land. Switzerland, Denmark. Sweden and Norway. In each case the docu ments were signed by business, finan cial, political and educational leaders in their respective countries. In the case of the European countries the appeal was addressed to the respective j governments. In the United States the | chamber of commerce of the United States was asked to arrange the pre- j Iiminarles of the conference, while the j appeal was addressed jointly to that j body, the American government and ? the reparations commission in Paris. While Germany and Austria are not included in the original call, it was announced that delegates from those countries would be invited to attend the conference. "To sum up the docu ment," says the official announcement Of the conference, "it is a call to the people to return to pre-war standards of reason?an appeal to the repara tion commission for wise modera tion as the best business policy for all concerned?an appeal to govern ment to arrest inflation and meet in evitable burdens by increasing their revenue rather than by increasing their debts, an rappeal to the people to work and save, an appeal to leaders of commerce and finance to get to gether in order to study the problems dispassionately and take it up as a business proposition, relying on inde pendent action rather than govern ment intervention. Governments can be relied upon, however, to remove as rapidly as possible the obstacles that impede stich a course." "Willingness. jon the part of Ger rrany to pay her just debts must not be converted into a spiri* of despair and revolt." the^statement warns. If such a thmg is threatened the' rep:u-i tion commission *is advised to extcnccJ !he period of installments which Ger-' many must pay.' Recognizing the tremendous finan cial outlay required to rehabilitate the world's economic losses through the war is too great for a single country, the signatories suggest that money be supplied chiefly by those countries where trade balances and rates of ex change are the most favorable. Long term credits are recognized as desirable only where absolutely nec essary to restore productiveness, and then reduoe<L"to a minimum. Assist ance should be given as far as pos sible, in a fori:1: which h aves national trade free from restrictive government control, in the signatories opinion while loans should be sought in the lending countries on such terms as to attract the savings of individuals: j otherwise inflation would be encour- I aged. Borrowing countries are advised to| offer the best obtainable securities and j to give such debts -first rank among their liabilities, with special securities set aside for interest payments and amortization. Germany and Austria; it is suggested, should assign import and export duties practicable on a gold basis while countries entitled to| receipts from Germany should offer! such charge on such collections. The aviation field has been changed from Shady Side to the race track. Mantels, Tile, and Grates We have moved to larger quarters and have the Ikrgest stock of mantels in the State. Our stock consists of plain and quar tered oak, mahogany, missions and white. Also a nice stock of tile and grates. Don't buy until you see our line. SUMTER MARBLE I MANTEL CO J. P. Commander, Prop. Store room 328 S. Main Office 107 Maiming Ave. BAPTIST LAYMEN BECOME ACTIVE Will Work For Better Support of Pastors Knoxville. Tonn.. Jan. 14.?South ern Baptist laymen will work for bet ter support of their pastors, launch a movement to nil ihe pews, form stew ardship or tithing bands in churches and leaders will urge that wills be written early, bequeathing at least one-tenth of ef ates to work of the church. This is the program formulated by the executive committee of the lay men's missionary movement of the Southern Baptist Convention and just announced by J. T. Henderson, of Knoxville. secretary. Mr. Henderson is gratified with the laymen's work in the Baptist cam paign for $75,000,000. ' The now pro gram, he believed, "shqfuld challenge the interest of Baptist men and meet the demands of the hour." ENVER PASHA STARTS REVOLT Pro-German Turk Working to Destroy British Prestige in East Constantinople, Jan. IT?.?ISnver Pasha, former Turkish minister of. war. who was recently elected'king of Kurdistan, has started a Bolshevik revolution in Turkestan. Afganistan, and ' Bulchistan. according to ..Baku advices. Enver Paaha is seid to be directing his energies against-British prestige in southwestern Asia.'Tfis ul-j tin/atfe -aim being India. AMERICANS KILLED In Clash With the All-Russian ^orces London. Jan. 14?? Two Americans were killed and three wounded in a clash with an armored train of Gen. Semenoff. commandor-in-ehief of ihe all-Russian armies. between Lake Baikal and Verkneudin.sk. in the prov ince of trans-Baikalia, according to the correspondent of the Daily Mail at Harbin. The Americans were re ported to have captured the train. Details of the brush bet ween -the ' Americans and Semenoff forces were unavailable. Other clashes were re ported between the Gzecho-Slovaks and (Jen. Semenoffs troops. A Moscow wireless dispatch says the majority of the Cossacks in the \ Amur region and also the Burians and \ the Kirghizes of the trans-Baikalia re- ; gion have revolted against, the mas sacre of Gen. Semenoff and repudiat ed his representatives. .FOR SALE?Good horse, suitable for farm work und driving; also about ir.O bushels <>f corn. Dr. A. J. Pen nock, Sumtcr. S. C.. Route 3. i MONEY TD LEND?On improved real estate, reasonable terms. Ap- j ply A. S. Mcrrimon, Attorney at i Law, Law Range. COLORED REFORM- i ATORY CROWDED State Board , of Charities and Corrections Reports on j Conditions - i (By WyaU A. Taylor.) [Special to The Daily [tetr.. j . Columbia, Jan. 14.?That the State i reformatory for colored boys, situat-j ed six miles from Columbia, is so I crowded as to go only '"towards j making the ordinary boy vicious and : the vicious boy intolerably evil" in j stead of working for "real rcforma j tion." is the conclusion reached by the j State beard of charities and correc tions in its report of this institution, made 'public today. The report speaks of improvements that have been mad" at the institu ; ti -n. including rebuilding of guard quarters, improvements t<> the kitch jen and school faeilites and a general cleaning up of the premises, and I states that health conditions are good. ! not on*- boy being sick. The men in charge are of good character. : The report urges the erection of a ! new building at the reformatory, j "So lorig as one building has to house I all of the hoys." says the report. ! "there can be no proper classification 1 of the inmates. All ages and all kinds I on, characters are herded in the same; I dormitory. So long as this state of ?affairs exists little real reformation may he expected among the boys. Indeed, such conditions as there ob tain may be expected to make the ordinary boy vicious and the vicious boy intolerably evil." "Another detracting feature of the reformatory is that there are only 1-3 single beds for 190 boys, with the re sult that two boys often have to sleep* together in a single bed." the report continues^ 'The sleeping quarters are overcrowded and because of this over crowding, are unsanitary. This too urges us to recommend the erection of another building." ? - WORST BLIZZARD . IN MANY YEARS Scores of Michigan Towns Iso lated; by Great Storm Travcrs City, Mich., Jan. l?.?Scores of northern Michigan towns are iso lated today by the worst blizzard in years. ZeVo temperature and impas sable snowdrifts put every community in a serious predicament. On account of the coal shortage practically all railroad traffic has been suspended sine.-' late Tuesday. Marriage Licenses. Colored: George Brewer and Millie Black, Sumter. Ladson Graham Lynchburg and -Mary Goodman. Shiloh. Ruf us Bozie and Omena Vaughn, Sumter. Frazier EfFison and Salie McQuil W. Sumter. um 33 So testifies Mr, J. F. ARENDT, Box 44, ?omiig, Texas THE REMEDY FOI EVERYDAY ILLS "I have used Pe-ru-na for years in cases ol colds and catarrh. The results have been good, in fact, more than you claimed. Have also taken Lacupia and can easily say it is one of the best blood puri fiers I have ever used." i Mr. J. F. Arendt For Catarrh and Catarrhai Conditions The evidence of one man like Mr. Arendt is-more convincing proof to you of the merits of Pe-ru-na than any written words of ours. For fifty years Pc-ru-na has been the standby of the American iamily for diseases due to catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the organs of the body. Thousands, like Mr. Arendt, have proved the effectiveness of Pe-ru-na for coughs, colds, nasal catarrh, stomach, bowel and liver.disorders or any disease characterized by a catarrhal condition. If your suffering is the result of a catarrhal disorder try Pe-ru-na, It is a true3 tried medicine. **" ? ' Sotd Everywhere Tablets or Liquid Ninety-Saver per cent, of the people havs catarrh in somi form. ' Flooring.. Ceiling. Sitling, Casing, Lumber i> rick, 1 Linie, '"Ccnjcnt, Plaster, Fire Brick, Fire Clay. Sewer Pipe. Stove Flue, Materia Mouldings, Framing Lumber, Red Cedar Shingles. Pine and Cypress Shingles. .Metal and Composition Shingles,Tonn Cotta Thimbles Poors. Sash and BlincLs. Mortar Colors and Stains Porch Columns and Ballasters, Water Proofing Mineral. Beaver I3oard, Corrugated Metal Roofing. Valley Tin and Ridge Roll, Asbetos and Composition Roofing. WIRF I FNCING. IRON AND WOOD Hardware, Paints, Oils Locks, Ringes, Nails, Grates, ? Sa ws. Ratchets. Hammers, Door Hangers. Carpenter's Tools, Paint Brashes, !-<.;i:sts and Oils. Inside Decorations. Calsomines and Cold Water Paints, POSTS EVERYTHING FOR THE HOUSE SUMTER, 2 &a av^9 SOUTH CAROLINA