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PaS?sbed Wednesday and Saturday ?B5 ? osaam& YiiBLismsG company SUMTER, S. a Terms:" 4 8l.5a per annum?in advance. / . Advertisements. One Square first insertion .. ..$1.00 " Every subsequent insertion.. -50 s Contracts for three months, or longed will be made at reduced rates. AU --communications . which sub ?erve private interests will be charged Y>r ^^advertisements, ' Obituaiies and tributes of respect Will- be -charged for. . The~.Sumter Watchman was found in XS50 and the'Truf Southron :n 2S6&. jfche Watchman a?id Soutiron now has the combined circulation and* influence of1 both of the- old papers, and is manifestly the best advertise-1 medium^ Sumter. _ ??H??MW ????IM Hl ?!! ?????? 3SvT>IiVIXe: COW. The", "head of "the dairy department in one. of the. State agricultural col leges sifcys that 20 years ago the av erage "cow was giving 2,200 to 2,600 pouiid^Qf^milk a year, and the best cOws were giving as high as 14,000 y?r ISfQQQ. pounds. . 44Today the. average cow still does aot.^ainount to very much, but she* has\deyelop.ed into a 3,800-pound cow. During this period we haye> developed cows that give us 30,000 pounds of milk." , He gives some interesting cost de tails .connected with this lacteal evo lution/" When the average cow .pro duced 2,400 pounds of -~ milk, that milk was sold at 5 cents'a "quart. The cow was fed on clover: at $4.60 a ton, corn at 35 .cents a bushel . and other, grains - in. proportion.. Labor ranged from $13 to $l$;a month, and the hired hand worked, from 4 in'the morning till 7 at night. "It< that cow were still in existence today;^ he says, "with present prices for labor and feed, you and I would have to pay 34 cents a quart for milk!?; The. professor was arguing that! milk-producers deserve all they are getting for their product. His state ment" makes at least an impressive argument for the improvement of cows^and of all other sources and meansro? food production. "W&en all is said and done, the """way to lower the price of milk ise cows that give more milk, est way to loweV the price' of is to make the trees bear ? fcnd larger apples. Th^ surest! lower the price of tfread is-to the sixe of the ^rl^eat' bcrry number jof berries on the cpind raise more stalks to the " Likewise the surest way to cheajjten manufactured products is to improve machinery and operative methods and so increase the output. And. the surest way to bring retail prices- down nearer to manufacturers' j ofices is to improve store-keeping methods so that goods can be han dled-,.less expensively. WHAT IS A FAIR PROFIT? An , amendment to the food con trol ract now pending in congress pro vides-a fine of $5,000 or imprisonment for-lwo years, or both, for the mak ing /of "unjust and unreasonable pHces.', This is good as far as it goes. But whal are "unjust and unreasonable prices?" The act in question does not^Cfcpear to furnish any criterion. The question- ae'lo^iiat is a just andv^reasonable profit will receive an astomsbing variety of answers if put to the busines men who makd prices. There will be another set of answers, mueh lower on the whole, from con ?uzi$ers. Estimates will vary, too. in different sections. How is;a judge or jur^going to decide? Manifestly, uhere is needed some authoritative standard .of profits. Neither congress nor the department of Justice nor any of the other bodies, public and private that are dealing wiih the cost of living will be able to -accomplish much of practical and permanent value until this fundamen tal point is determined. What is a fair percentage of pro fit,"--.in the general run of production andVtrade, and what variations if any! mdst; b'e allowed in the different in tfenmes and ^business,?. Let congress wsistle with that problem. ? ' -*?~ NATIONAL GAMES. In. spite of the . serious attempts tha^t'- have been made to introduce j American baseball with all its at-i tendant excitement Tajnd thrills into Etir&pe--jn countries, only partial suc cess;has been achieved. The English have shown a genuine interest in j the- game. The French have not. | They simply do not care for it at all. A similar difference is said to have j been observed in flv> forms of relax v 1 ation indulged in by English. Amer ican and French soldiers behind th lines during the war. The two form er sought active, strenuous exercise as a rule. The poilu preferred j smoking, reading or day-dreaming. .The- play of , anjyi-people or nation,! says'.T. R. Hildebfand. writing on the' Geography of Games," in a current nr?gazine, is a key-to the geography, history and racial characteristics of that people:" He sugests that the English, be ing phlegmatic about their business, turn to the active sports for recre ation. The French, more animated in their daily routine, seek repose ful recreation. Jusr. how the Amer ican games are, explained by this method is not clear. It is a true and interesting fact, nevertheless, that all peoples and races do play. Our ancient histories tell us chat Greeks, Romans. Per sians, Phoenicians, all had their ath letic sports and competitive games. Many of our modern games may be -raced to an origin in the games of many centuries ago. and they have their counterparts in games played by savages today. Geographically, of course, snow, mountains, plains,! rivers and the sea itself have all in- j fluenced the plays of the people. And j although there are many games in j common, there are also games which! seem particularly adapted to indi-| vidual nations and peoples and to the. state of development of their civili- j zation. If the French did take up l aseball they would probably refine ! it and alter it until the most enthus- j iastic American "fan" would fail to j recognize it. HOARDS AND STORES. Attorney General Palmer, in the course of his efforts to put the food speculators out of business, makes a useful distinction betwen food that is hoarded and food that, is stored le gitimately. It is a distinction which the public sometimes fails to recog nise': ' ' Most' of the foodstuffs accunrulat-1 ?d in the storage houses are probably j Spaced there in good faith, and belong j there. They are the natural surplus i of the season of plenty stored up to i :idc the nation over through the rest Df the year. So far as this storage is legitimate, it is not only insurance! against starvation in the season cf | scarcity, but it serves to steady prices] ;hroughout the year. On the whole, the public undoubt edly benefits by it. . If there were no storage houses, and consequently no vholesalc storage of perishable food stuffs, it would always be as it was inj primitive times, either a feast or a famine, with prices runious to'the pro ducer in the feast period and ruinous o the consumer in the famine period. Storage conservation is a boon to both. "We are. going .to be very careful j riot to do anybody, an injustice or to | jeopardize the winter supply by forc :ng on the market the surplus of the summer season," says Mr. Palmer. But along with these legitimate stores there are "hoards" of butter ?g"gs, poultry and other commodities bought up and withheld- from the | market for the sole purpose of help- j ing to corner the market, forcing prices still higher and;'then profiting rry the artificial famine .created. The hoarders and gamblers who are responsible serve no useful purpose, rhey are criminal parasites on the food industry. They are exploiting he public in the worst sense. They ire "grinding the faces of the poor." j They must be put out of business, and their hoards, which are in excess of the surplus needed to last through the svinter, must be put on the market to relieve the present need and lower prices to their, natural level. THE SCHOOL, BELL. -:?? Will the opening of the school ^find | your child ready for the winter's, work? The long play, time should] lave strengthened its lungs, hardened! its muscles, rested its eyes and mind. Mcst children, in spite of a tradition- ! a,l feeling that they ought to hate school, are in reality glad to settle down to its routine again. But how about thv teeth, the eyes, the throats? Now is the time to have the dentist get his work done. After school be gins it will be harder to Jit in the ap pointments, and the nerve strain which is trifling for a child whose teeth are looked after regularly, and who goes from the dentist t:> a day of rest ami play, may prove much more serious added to a day of school work. Good teeth form a very high percentage, of good digestive equip ment. Having the children's teeth at tended to b ya competent dentist at regular intervals is not an expense our an investment. Tf the child shows the slightest ten dency to hold a hook too close, or to squint when he reads, or to b" irri table after any close eye work, he needs to have an oculist examine him. He may not need glasses, but simple exercises, or a better balance of near and far use of his vision. Bui if he ll"erls ?lass?-s. no fa Is.- ideas of spoiling the looks" should he allowed , interfere. The use of glases lor a few years in childhood sometimes ob viates the necessity of wearing them later. Also .the "looks" of a well fitting pair of glasses are far less ob jectionable than the looks of the wrinkles and worn lines which eye strain inevitably prints on the face, not to mention the looks-and feel ;?of headaches and indigestion. ! The oculist is us??ly a nose and ! throat specialist as well. Let hin j give a look wit!) Iii:; funny little mir jrorsand things into these pasages. T I there are adenoids or had tonsils lv ! will know what to do. The flu gern would have done far less damage las year if it had had only clean, whole some noses and throat:; to get info. Investments in health always pa: large returns. Try a little filer ii Children's Body-Building, Unlimited and see how much better off th whole family will be. INSURANCE FOR U.,S. SOLDIERS Peace Insurance For Soldiers in Six Different Forms Uncle Sam likes the insurance bus-! iness and is offering six new forms of insurance at. rates that are 20 to 3; i per cent lower than straight life and | total disability insurance issued to I the boys during the hostilities. ?The insurance wiii b<> issued only to those who have been members of the service and parses who served dur ing the war. The government has issued fhe fol lowing schedule to show the rat<* on a $1,000 policy for a -2!-year-old sol dier, as an example: Annual premium policy.$.13.82 20-payment life policy. 21.14 30-paymcnt life policy.1G.00 20-year endowment.39.10 30>year endowment.24.45 Endowment maturing at age 62 1S.0S In an annual premium policy th< premium is paid every year and tht policy becomes due on the death o? the insured, j On the 20-paymenf. life plan th" premium is payable at tht death of the insured. In a 20-year endowment premiums are payable for ihe first 20* years, at the end of which period the polio is payable in a lump sum to the in sured. In endowment maturing at the age of 62, premiums are payable un til the insured reaches the age of 62 when the policy can be collected in r. lump sum. , The Red Cross Home Service' Sta tion, 402 City National Bank build ing, has full information concerning the conversion, of insurance, payment of pr liums after discharge, and any thing that a discharged soldier or sailor might want to know about his insurance. ? All discharged men arc invited to calUat the lied Cross Home Servier Sectij^jfpr any informa tion or assistance that they may de sire in connection with their govern ment insurance. The Litahriix^group of Camp Fire Girls left Tuesday nighi for Lake JunalusXa. Mrs? I. A. Ryttenberg chaperoned the girls up to the Lake and there Miss Rembert. Miss Mc Nab, Miss Miller will meet them. The following girls were in the party: Pearl Reams. Mildred DeLorme. Doll Eultman. Flcxe^je^ Hurst. Carmel Mc Kiever. Lucile ||moak, Ellen V.' Sluck oy."~Nancy Bbjfrh. Mildred "Wackner. Nell Ard, Helefi Commander. Mildred Brunson, Lucy Burns, Elizabeth Rice, Dorothy Braey.,Xina Jenkinson. Lydia Ryttenberg. REST YOUR i ?f ^ IE ? ! Your vision may be fairly- goodj and yeWglasses worn tempora-j rily?will afford your eyes relief .1 and comfort. Let us make a pair of "rest! glasses'' for you. j G.G. COOPER j OPTOMETRIST I The eye is ;ii<- most deli cate responsive piece of ma chinery ever assembled in Nature's workshop. Through the chor -id that dark purple coating next the retina the blood flows that carries off the wast'' and builds up the eye again. Thus som" ?yes become young again and glasses are discarded. Con sult us. BMETRIST, .MAIN ST. COTTON 10 -FERTILIZER MEBOH?NTS If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you. If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay you to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral. 9 West Liberty Street The Tobacco Market. There were no sales of tobacco at the Moore Bros, warehouse on Wed nesday. This house will most prob ably have only one more sale before the season closes on Friday. The Banner warehouse on Wednes day sold 32.604 pounds for $7,3S0.2.f> >r an average of nearly twenty-three cents per pound. This house will have their last sale of the season on Friday, the 20th. Neither warehouse has as much to bacco today as usual. The closing" of he houses tends to decrease the sales instead of increasing- them. The rea son for the early closing of the local nouses is that the buyers have been ^alled to the Eastern markets by their firms. The cotton association campaign in Sumter is progressing satisfactorily and the enrollment of members ex ceeds cxpectator.s. For instance Mr. Louis Ileames completed the canvess of his district in one day and every man in the disti'ict signed the mem bership pledge. x ;EEIHYES AND SUPPLIES?I have lately received a few Georgia made hives and frames?8 and 10 frame I size. Also on hand sections and foundation for comb honey. N. G. j Osteen, 320 W. Hampton Ave._1 iJEESWAX WANTED?Any quantity large or small Am paying best cash price. See me if you have nny. N. G. Osteen._ MILK COWS FOR SALE?Having sold my farm, I a:n offering my en tile herd of dairy cows for either as a herd or as individual; This i.; an unusual opportunity fcS ] get high grade, big producing COW3, that have been proven satisfactory in every particular. Also dairy equipment for sale. C. P. Osteec. j r Snmter. S. C. ' COFFEE POISONS THIRTY PERSONS --. - . . Chicago. Aug. i...?Thirty persons were poisoned after drinking coffee in a down town lunch room. Author ities have ordered an investigation. Cotton picking is becoming general throughout the county ,as it is open ing rapidly. In some fields fully one half of the .crop is now open, it is said. The ruling price being paid for picking is one dollar. Washington. Aug. 2S.?Saturday morning is set as the time limit foi? Pacific coast, railroad men to return to .work, otherwise the brotherhoods will support,the administation iri the endeavor to operate the trains, put ting union men from other sections to work in California. There is talk of a series of three games' of ball next week between the Sumter team and the Columbia South Atlantic team. If this series is ar ranged the attendance will be the largest of the. season. The need for more houses in Sum ter becomes greater all the time and little or nothing is being done to meet this need. The City of Sumter takes charge of the lighting plant netx Monday, September 1st. Attention of patrons of the lighting company is called to the notice printed in this issue. Washington, Aug. 27.?Investiga tion of the war risk, bureau is asked for in a resolution introduced by Senator Gore. . ' lIlillllllBlllilillilllllll Isuyour boy or girl going to any South Carolina College ?| or Prep School this Fall, as a pay student? If so wriae us, |j we can save you money. Give the name of the school. H UNA FARMER & STOCKMAN 1 8 Exchange Bank Building, Charleston, S. C. r?cj In talking with one of our customers about the Studehaker "auto" track wagons, we uncovered a surprising notion of his: That notion?in his mind a firm belief?was that7auto" track wagons are the northern nanpw track wagons. He was far from the actual facts, became c<aulo" tracf^ is neither narrow nor wide track. "Auto" track 23 a standardized width, developed, to fit the tracks or nits made by automobiles ? every one of which makes a track 56 inches wide, When standardization was first considered by the wagon manufacturers of both the south and the north, it was recognized that the constantly increasing num ber of automobiles were making, and would continue to make, the tracks on practically every road in the country. These manufacturers foresaw the necessity of building wagons to fit this track. They saw the advantage to wagon users of being able to follow such roads without bumping, but running easily and smoothly in the established tracks, affording longer wagon service and doing away with the strain imposed on horses pulling a wagon that would not fit the roads, Come in and examine our Studebaker "auto" track wagons. Have us show you by actual measurement ?in case you, too, have had the wrong idea?that 4 auto" track is not narrow track. S2 11 j B* isOYlE SUMTER, S. C. 3