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Interesting Interview Giving Former Governor's Impres sions of Conditions Abroad feOOD CHEER FOR COTTON FARMERS War Ravaged Countries in Dire Need of Clothing and Next to Food Their First Concern (By Walter Duncan.) "I return home a prouder, a better *'>jtnd a more enthusiastic American than when I went to Europe." Former Governor Richard I. Man ning so stated, when accompanied by Mrs. Manning, he stepped from the train at Sumter on his return to South ? Carolina yesterday. The former chief executive, appoint . ed a delegate to the peace conference representing the League to Enforce Peace, brings back to America after weeks spent in France and England some clear and forceful impressions of the world situation as it has been left in the wake of the greatest war . in- human history. In Europe, he has made a close study of the situation and the enormous economic and po litical problems arising out of it as - . he "has watched the great actors in their, tremendous work at Versailles. . With these he*has been in close touch, officially and as a distinguished guest - in Europe. . . Acc?rdng to Mr. Manning's view? and the same view is shared,. he de clares, by those who are watching from even more advantageous posi tions?Germany will sign the peace treaty when ail the efforts of her emissaries to. secure a modification of ?the termsTiave been exhausted and it ? finally becomes apparent to them that t they have ho alternative. President Wilson, according to the testimony ?f one who has during the ? pest few weeks traveled over a large part of France and who has visited England, is regar.led by the people of Europe as the exponent of their hopes, ? feeling that the great American presi dent can do" more and has done more to bring about a realization of these ; than any of their own leaders, and that it has been Woodrow Wilson. who - has put new ideas info the minds and . iearts of the people of the world and given them courage to look with con fidence and courage to a future of i peace. r While imperfect in form and sub . stance, ?ae League of Nations, the '?f'former governor" believes, will form the foundation for the world's Magna Charta, and when it is perfected and becomes operative will prove history's greatest instrument and agency for huiman liberty, to guarantee the rights of man and for the security of peace. As the League of Nations and its adoption is President Wilson's work and his own contribution, the Amer ican president is the controlling factor at the' peace conference. Mr. Man . ning has been able to see with what magnificent success President Wilson, who clearly perceives what the world ? needs in this crisis, has forced the adoption of some of his forward ideas upon his associates. That he has done so, says Mr. Manning, has been the salvation of more than one European country. Except for the conversion of the other members of the big four to his views regarding matters of the deepest import involved in the set tlement with a defeated Germany some of these countries would find themselves at war with Germany again in a few years. France, for instance, would have taken ov*"- the whole of the Saare Valley and creat ed another Alsace-Lorraine, which .?qfcould hav.? inevitably produced an other war as soon as Germany could recuperate sufficiently to provoke it. "The world is undoubtedly bare of cotton," declared Mr. Manning, turn ing to the situation as it directly af fects the agricultural interests of South .Carolina and this section. "Cot ton and cotton goods are needed in :. Europe second only to food. There is urgent need for every bit . of the cotton in the world today and all that we are going to raise." Mr. Manning then spoke of the de plorable financial condition of Eu rope, citing the fact that the mark, normally worth 20 cents, is down to . 7 1-4 centSj and the franc, the va ue . of which was about the same as the , mark, is now worth only about 16 cents. This, he pointed out. is neces sarily going to be a big factor which must- be considered in connection witfi marketing cotton in Europe. "I am not in favor of further gov ernment loans," he said, "and I real . Jtee that corporations must be formed and credit extended on a larger scale , than heretofore. Therefore, while all cotton will ultimately be taken, we will have to exercise patience and judgment in feeding it to Europe. This must be done slowly and gradually. If we undertake to feed it fast the market will be glutted and disaster i win follow." The depreciation in European cur rency, the former governor pointed CfUt. makes the cost of cotton to the Europeans much more, and this with a lack of credit are the two big things which must be considered first of all. "Bernard Baruch and Vance Mc Cormick are doing all that lies in th"ir power and are honestly working *o establish credits for cotton, whatever their critics in this country who are misinformed and ill-advised as to their work and their intentions may say to the contrary." Mr. Manning emphati cally stated. i As soon as Mr. Manning: reached Prance he took up with Herbert Hoov er the cotton seed situation, which wa* then acute. "I am glad to s**e." he said, "that it has been worked out ?long the lines I suggested to .Mr. Hoover and in which I was promised his help/' Mr. Manning then went to Baruch and McCormick to see what could .be done to get cotton exported to some of the European countries. Mr. Ba ruch stated that he. was working to lift the blockade, and shortly after wards succeeded in getting 40,000 bales into Poland. Mr. Baruch gave Mr. Manning his assurance that cotton j would be gotten into Poland and other I countries as fast as credtis could be ! arranged. Again he emphasized the fact that the taking of cotton must She slow. "I believe," said Go v. Manning, "that the South's greatest opportunity is at hand, but first we must settle down to the problem of working out credits, which will give us an oppor tunity in European trade for every thing ve produce and manufacture. If we persist in a policy of a better bal anced agriculture, raising food sup plies and all that is needed at home and plant the rest of our land in cot ton we will have profitable prices for all that is raised. "Europe will offer a profitable mar ket for all foodstuffs America can raise. The outlook for European crops this year is poor." Passing then to bigger and broader problems, Mr. Manning, after express ing the opinion that the former kaiser's condemnation when he is haled before an international tribunal will be only verbal, declared that the Bolshevik situation is bad and that its dangers have not yet been passed. It is a fact, however, that when food ?shipments have been landed in cou'n : tries torn by Bolshevism the quiet !ing effect has been immediately no i ticeable. [ "The two things most urgent in the world today," in the opinion of the former governor, "is that people all over the world must get together, and that the people must have food." There is still danger, Mr. Man ning thnks, of the spread of Bol shevism into every country of Europe with the exception of England unless it is checked and unless the disturb ing situations'are quieted and the peopie are enabled to resume their normal lives in a very short time. In England the situation, he says, is improving rapidly. There is a bet ter feeling between iabor and capi tal and a higher sense of justice to ward labor is reflected." With the characteristic love of the British for their institutions and their devotion to their present form of government, I do not believe there is any more danger of Bolshevism in England than there is in America. "Never again," said the former governor, "do I expect to see condi tions as they prevailed before the war. Never again will the wages of labor be disregarded, in this coun try or in England." Further discussing the danger of the spread of Bolshevism, Mr. Man ning declared that the salvation of the world depends largely upon what America, France and Great Britain ire going to do. France must, in his Dpinion, change her attitude. The Peace Conference .has gone as far as it has been humanly possible to satis fy her, and she does not seem to rea lize that pressing her claims further she would be digging a pit in which she might be the first to ultimately fall. Mr. Manning comes back to Ameri ca more ardent in his admiration for President Wilson and of his magnifi cent action in the arena of world statesmanship, and for the critics of the great man who hah "calied into being a new world fashioned out of the corrections of the evils of the old," he has only cond em nation. "I blush at the attitude of con gress, not only because of the but spoken utterances of Republican sen ators, but because of the little snip ing and carping criticisms of men of achievements of the administration first in fighting the war to a suc cessful conclusion and then in the great work that has followed. Xo one. unless he has been as I have been and has seen the magnitude of this undertaking can have any adequate conception of what has been and is being accomplished. When peace is signed and the world is at work again, this sniping criticism will cease and recognition of Woodrow Wilson will extend not only to the masses who already look to him as their leader the world over, but to those who are now his harshest critics.'' Unless the Repunlican senate shall ratify the peace treaty with the league of nations practically intact Woodrow Wilson will, in the opinion of Govern or Manning, be forced to accept the Democratic nomination in 1920. and in that event he will be elected for a third term. Mr. Manning expressed absolute satisfaction with the peace treaty. As it was being prepared at Versail les he was privileged to acquaint him self with its provisions section bi section as these were completed and long before they were presented to the German envoys. Asked his opinion regarding the problems of Turkey, Mr. Manning de clared that he would not favor the United States becoming mandatory for Constantinople, but that in his opinion, England. France and the United States should jointly under take that responsibility. Although, this plan, once discussed, has been overridden, there is the probability that the proposal will be revived, and this may be the ultimate solu tion. After"such a survey as be has been able to make, the opinion of the for mer governor on any subject affect ing our national life and institutions is of importance. Mr. Mannng talked freely regarding many matters of the widest public interest. In his opinion, immigration should be severely restricted under the most drastic limitations until those already in this country have been American zied. The Irish question must be settled, but there is so far no prospect of a j settlement which will satisfy. Mr.; Manning while in Europe formed the acquaintance of Sir Horace Plunkett.j with whom he was thrown a great deal, and with whom he discussed the Irish situation at first hand. An in teresting sidelight in this connection is Si.- Horace's statement regarding the co-operative farmers' societies which he has formed in Ireland. There are now 100,000 members, and these societies are transforming Ireland in to the greatest prosperity the coun try has ever known. There was a general feeling among the peace conferees when Mr. Man ning left France that something more should be done for Russia striving to shake off the yoke of Bolshevism. Since his return to America he has Iread of the conditional recognition of i the anti-Bolshevik governments which I will enable the alles to lend help, not I of men but of money, supplies, arms land ammunition, and this the former j governor regards as significant since lit is the first definite policy toward J Russia which has been determined !upon. Mr. Manning is hopeful that this recognition will lead eventually to the overthrow of the Soviets. Universal military training follow ing the conclusion of peace would not only benefit America in every way, through the advancement in citizen ship, but such training would, in the opinion of Mr. Manning, bring a recog nition of authority which would be as good for the country as the physical and mental training would be for the youth of the land. The nation would be strengthened and universal mili tary training would afford a tremen dous lead and assistance in solving, problems bound to arise. Like the selective service draft it would work without regard to class, vocation or money and would prove a great stim ulus to Americanism. "To the American woman who has been serving in the war in the Re^I Cross, the Salvation Army and the T. M. C. A., I take off. my hat," said Mr. Manning. "I have been privileged to observe what a great service she has rendered, a service second only to that of the American soldier. Too much praise cannot be given her. "As for the doughboy, the courage the patience, the endurance and the dash of these men has simply beep beyond estimate. They won the war. I believe every American who has been in Europe shares the feeling I have that because of our part in the war America will be stronger and betr ter than ever before and that these men will be better Americans. They have shown the world in the most magnificent manner that we are not too fat to fight, but they have shown themselves the equal of any soldiers in any war in any age." Mr. Manning was tremendously dis-| appointed to learn that practically nothing had been done in South Caro lina since his departure for Europe to bring about an improvement in highways. "Somebody fails to appreciate and to understand the necessity," he said.. He spoke then of the roads of France. Notwithstadning that a steady ; stream of heavy traffic passed over * these roads for the four years of war, they are still practically perfect. This applies not only to roads used for f. many years, but when a military i^ail- ? road was built to Verdun the French j built a highway.over which there was j a constant stream of trucks without j intermission. 1,500 in line, yet it is - possible to drive over this road 40 or 50 miles an hour with comfort. 'But for such roads it would have been im possible to have transported the nec essary supplies for the armies, v Mr. and Mrs. Manning were ac corded every courtesy in both France and England, especially by the mili tary authorities, and were enabled to visit many parts of France and to make many observations which would otherwise have been denied them. About 30 miles north of Verdun they located the grave of their hero son. Major William Sinkler Manning, who was killed in action on November 5. at the head of his men. and in this sacred place they spent some time, learning of Major Manning's move ments from the last letter he wrote his father on November 1 until the day he died with his face to the foe. The proud parents, rich in their sac rifice, dined with the officers of Ma jor Manning's regiment and from those heard of his heroism and mar tyrdom. It was a source of gratifica tion to Mr. and Mrs. Manning to know that before their soldier son gave up his life he had the satisfac tion of seeing the Germans driven out of their stronghold and in retreat he fore his men. "We feel," said Mr. Manning yes terday, "that there was nothing more to be desired." Mr. and Mrs. Manning also visited the spot where the Old Hickory boys broke through the Hindenburg line, j They inspected the ground over which j the Carolina and Tennessee boys! fought back the Hun. dislodging him t from his stronghold, and even went! Into the tunnel and fortifications sup- j posed to be impregnable until th'i boys of the Thirtieth proved that a fallacy and a myth. The physical evi dence when studied in connection with the war maps and official report shows, says Mr. Manning, that it was I the Thirtieth supported by the Twen-1 ty-seventh division which actually! smashed the Hindenburs line <ind went forward the farthest into the | enemy lines. In London Mr. Manninjr was called j upon by former Ambassador Bryce to ] preside over a session of the League j to Enforce Peace and visited the! house of commons then in session.; Among the interesting acquaintances I formed in London was that of T. I*, ! O'Connor. j At a chateau at Chatillion Mr. and , Mrs. Manning occupied the room i where General Foch wrote his famous j order during: the first battle of the Marne. They were guests of honor at many dinners given by army officials. ; among these the officers of the Eigh ty-first division. They visited their j three sons and saw many South Caro-j lina boys. "Hut 1 have seen nothing that look-j ed as ;rood to me as does South Gar-] olina." declared the former governor. ; "I am optimistic of the future " j he continued, '"but this optimism !=l tempered by the fact that it will re-1 quir?' time, diligence and patience Lo"! work out the difficulties that must !>s overcome by reason of the tremendous loss of life and property in Ruropej and the depleted" condition of Knro pean resources." Mr. Manning says he has no plans for the future, but for the present in tends to rest, devoting his attention! to his farm. I Weights and Measures Harris Will Have Inspectors Make Tests in All Section of State Columbia, June 3.?The State de partment of agriculture, commerce and industries is endeavoring to put a. puncu into the enforcement of the j regulations regarding the misuse of j weights and measures. The short | measures of all sorts of commodities J will be regulated if Commissioner! Harris can perfec his plans, and he expects to do so. Soon after he came into office. Mr. Harris caused to be made an examina tion of the laws of other States and he has made regulations which will be enforced strictly. Inspectors will go throughout the State inspecting sales and weighing devices and other meas ures. Capt. H. W. McCreight. chief clerk of the department, has just returned from Washington where he attended a conference of weights and measures officials from all Sta:es in the Union which have laws. South Carolina's interest in the enforcing of such reg ulations was approved and Captain McCreight was given much valuable information which will be used in this State. Commissioner Harris is now in Charleston with two inspectors look ing over the field there. Following is the%report of Captain McCreight upon the meeting in Wash ington to Commissioner Harris: "As directed byn-ou, I attended the foregoing mentioned Weights and Measures convention and beg to sub mit the following report. The pro gram wa^p prepared by L. A. Fischer, chief, division of weights and meas ures of the. bureau of standards, who presided at all sessions of the conven tion. Thirty-two delegates were pres- J ent representing 24 States, several States having several delegates, and 69 city and county dealers. Also a hum bier of manufacturers of series, measures and liquid pumps were rep presented, making a total of about 120 persons, including several officers of the burpau of standards. "State delegates reported laws, pro gress and conditions in their respec tive States, being allowed a maximum of five minutes each. I am pleased to report that South Carolina is ahead of many States represented and is behind only a few, namely: New York, Massachusetts. New Jersey, Pennsyl- [ vania and New Hampshire. The last j mentioned have separate departments of weights and measures i nder a com-1 missioner and his assistants, thus be-! ing able to devote their time exclu- f siyely to this work and r.aturally are | able to go deeper into' 'the study and \ performance of the duties. It is con- { ceeded that testing scales, measures | and liquid pumps for'accuracy are. merely. the ABC's of this work. ] though certainly the most important ind ;.most. valuable to the masses. Es pecially during the present period of high prices-of ail necessary commo dities, the matter of accurate weights and measures should receive attention. '?Commissioner H. A. Webster of New Hampshire stated that the laws of his State prohibited the sale of wood in any manner other than bv the cord or fraction thereof, and that notices to this effect are posted throughout the country districts and ' otherwise advertised. I believe that other States should enact similar laws, as many venders of wood place same at all sort sof angles with the view* of deception as to quantity and sell at so much per load. "A paper was read on "Fraud in the Sale of Ice" which was followed by an interesting discussion. It appears that ice is rarely weighed but is cut by estimate. However, experienced honest ice cutters can usually cut a piece of ice within a pound or so of the desired quantity and the purcnas er should average the correct weight. It is not practicable to sell ice ac curately by weight as other commodi ties are weighed and sold, as a small additional piece would not be desir ed by the purchaser, nor would the ice man care to cut off a small over weight. However, when short weights are regularly given, or the shortage is considerable, fraud is evident and should be prosecuted. "One of the interesting and import ant subjects stressed. was that of the unnecessarily large number of sizes of I containers for vegetables, fruits and i berries. F. P. Downing, of the bureau I of markets, addressed the convention ; and exhibited many sizes of these con | tc.iz.2rs from a quart to a bushel and larger. Unless the basket or crate, supposed to contain a bushel, but of ten' a quart or more short, can be compared with an accurate- contain er, the difference is not noticeable, and frequently one is taller and the other wider which prevents a com parison calling attention to errors in sizes. The bureau of standards rec ommends reducing the 20 or more sizes to five or six, these to conform to certain measurements as to height and width of top and bottom so. thai anyone with a rule may verify the accuracy. Resolutions were adopted that as far as possible the use of dry measures be discontinued and that the commodities be sold by weight, and that flour and other commodities not sold by the hundred weight cr multiple thereof but. by 196 pounds, etc.. as at present, be sold on a basis of 100 pounds.. The convention' was unanimously in favor of standardized weights and me'asures,. using- those adopted by the bureau of standards as a basis.. ?="Liquid Pumps?Investigations have shown that a large proportion of in accuracies in liquid pumps is caused by faulty installation. Most pumps are accurate when shipped, by the manufacturer, but due to careless ness or ignorance in installing, the var rious pipes are not placed at correct angles and parts of the apparatus are not level and the measure is found in accurate. To avoid the. necessity of tearing up cement work on complc tion of installation for the purpose of correcting inaccuracies, it would be far better to have a public dealer test first for accuracy. .Also, should a plumber or any other than a trained representative of the .manufacturer install the pump, directions and- blue prints furnished should be carefully read and followed. Pump" manufac turers are more than willing to co operate with purchasers," and when possible furnish an expert to. install ! the pump, i respectfully suggest that about two Seraphin field standards (five gallon measures with patented devices attached which indicates, the exact quantity over or short) be pur chased for the use of our sealers^he [attached letter and descriptive .e^am ' pie explains in* detail the advantages fand cost of this standard with Valid without traveling case. -,' .. "Dr. C. L. Alsberg, chief of the bu reau of chemistry, delivered an inter esting and instructive address on. the "Enforcement of Net Weight Amend ment to the Food and Drugs Act." Canners of tomatoes, peas and other, vegetables and fruits mark the net weight on the cans, but frequently it is found that the purchaser buysJar&e quantities of water. In some cases results have been obtained by prose cuting this fraud under the head of adulteration or misbranding rather than short weights. A certain quantity of liquid preservative must be allow ed, but this fact is taken advantage of by fraudulent manufacturers' and should be closely watched. "Many States are changing the name of weights and measures, to depart ment or bureau .of standards, which ' covers a larger field in this line of work. ? "William C. P.edfield, secretary of United States commerce, in ah inter esting address told the convention that they were divinely as well as legally charged with their duties, citing ka~, passage from the Old Testament as follows: "False ; measures are an abomination to the LordV' This pro voked considerable laughter though the truth was duly /appreciated.'.' 'T am attaching a quantity , of lit erature in connection with these paat ters of value to our sealers an^^rust that after studying same thai all of value be kept for future reference. "Respectfully submitted^ : "H. W.?^cCreight, . . ,^ "Ch^f Clerk." _-?-?? "'' > A. G. I/. Operate Income. % Richmond, Va., June Otgn> atihg income of the . Atlantic ^Gpast [Line Railroad on. Aprilwas I 288,507;* ;as'' compared, .'with'.. 1^301; - i 729 last year and $8^6,874 ta^;i$t7, according, to a statement ^?st^jss?ed: Aftervdeducting taxes th? . o^ralirig ' income, fpom January 1.to April .30 was $3,.794,3S2. In the "same period in 191$'" it was $5,177,564, j^rm the preceding ? year it was $5,05$&fc2:L^,; Distribution of the regular .2' per cent* semi-annual dividend, ^payable June 30, has been authorized by*, the Chesapeake and Ohio Rattt^y ..Com pany through its-directory, according to an announcement just made. -.-?--3KPT.? Why We Handle United States Tfres Because they're good tires. Because we KNOW- they're good tires. Because our experience has taught us that they will satisfy and gratify our customers. ..." ? There are United States Tires for every need of price or use; We can provide exactly the ones for your car. United States Tires are Good Tires t We know United States Tires are good tires. That's why we sell them. Anchor Auto. Co. Slimier .Motor Co. W. C. Rogers. Bishop vi lie. 1$. (\ Gillis & Co., Kembert. \\. C. PlowuVn?N'osv Zkwt. D. H. skinner, Elliott, Geo. M. Hall, Lucknow. I. X. Griffin, Lynchbarg. Dalzcll Mercantile Co.. Dalzcll. II. Fj. Thomas?Maycsrilfc