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Published Wednesday and Saturday OSTEES P?BIilSBING COMPANY SUMTER, S. C. Terms: $1.50 per ?nnnm?in advance. Advertisements. O?? Square first insertion .. ..$1.00 ?v?ry subsequent insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be made at reduced rates. All - communications which sub s?rv? private interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect ?rill be charged for. . The Sumter Watchman was found in 1850 and the True Southron m 1SS6; The; Watchman and Southron now has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertising B^dium in Sumter. BRITISH VIEW OF MONROE DOC TRINE. An Interesting commentary on the Monroe Doctrine is contained in an analysis of the League of Nations Constitution gb'en out by the British delegation at Paris, for the informa tion of the British public: '"The origin of the Monroe Doc trine "is well known. It was proclaim ed in 1823 to prevent America from becoming a theater for intrigues of European absolutism. At first a prin ciple or American foreign policy, it ha.s become an international under standing and it is not illegitimate for the people of the United States to say that the covenant should recog nize that fact. - r "Iii its essence it is consistent with ] the "spirit of the covenant and indeed 't?te principles of the League as ex pressed/in Article X represent the ex tension to the whole world of the / principles c:' this doctrine: while. should any dispute as to the meaning . tg?fthe latter ever arise between the American and European powers, thej League is there to settle it." It is something new to have so friendly a view expressed in any for eign country. Ever since President Monroe first announced the famous Doctrine, it has seldom been men j tioned on the other side of the Atlan-J tic except in condemnation or affected I scorn. Great Britain, to be sure, was f an exception. For many years the j British government has given prac-j tical recognition to the Doctrine, and j indeed, at one time it came near giv- j ing formal recognition to the treaty. But almost every other power has op- j pesed it, and even in England the ut- j terances qf statesmen and editors j were seldom as friendly as their gov- j ernmental policy. It is the beginning of a new era of! .Americanism. The United States is recognized as the official protector of j the wholes hemisphere, with the! friendly support of all the foreign) powers. == i FOOD, MARKS AND DOLLARS. | ?- ? i Now that the Germans are gettLig the American food they clamored for, they are howling about the "exorbi tant prices" charged for it. The situa tion is instructive both as an indica tion of the rate of "German exchange" and as a new revelation of that ever appealing subject, German psychology. It might seem reasonable enough for the Germans to howl when they have to pay S marks a pound for* ba con, 2 marks a pound for flour and in like proportion for other'food staples. On the basis of those figures alone it \ might be inferred that t'nelo Sam orf Mr. Hoover or somebody else is goug-j ing the Germans. But as a matter-of! _. .. } fact, the Americans are only getting! 60 cents a pound for their bacon, 10 i cent sa pound for their flour, etc. That j is pretty high, of course, but not much; higher than the Americans at home! have to pay, and presumably no more than Is fair considering the expense of; transportation and distribution. The explanation lies in the fact th-*t ! the Gernian mark, which used to be i worth 21 cents in international ex-1 change, is now worth only 7 cents, i And there was no misrepresentation! about it. The Germans were notified i some, time ago that the prices for ' American food would be on a basis of j dollars, not marks, and they begged for the food on that basis. These facts should be remembered whenev er any complaints on the subject come from Germany. LID OX AT TREATY PARLEY. The American correspondents ac credited to the peace conference have made a protest against being excluded from all the Allied-German negotia tions except the final one of the actual signing of the treaty. Tiny have reen informed however, that ih^y will be allowed only that ultimate glimpse of history in the making. There is nothing very surprising :n the exclusion of the press from pre liminary negotiations: It follows out exactly the established method With regard to armistice settlements .ad 'proceedings in general. Very little could be gained per haps:, by publ c-ty during the drscus? sion of the terms and actual ham. might be done by the unnecessary in flammation of public opinion o\cr con troversies ultimately endin0; in agree ment. The one thing which the common } people of the United States do want to jknow is that the treaty has been pre j sented and signed, and that at last the world can turn with a big sigh of re lief to the plain business of living. In the meantime, since there is very little any of us can do here to hasten matters over there, we can be setting our lives and our business in J order .while we wait, and be in readi ness to move forward the minute Hie i word is given. ! ' ! -' j Never mind?if we keep on brcak j ing crop records the price of food :"s ?bound to drop some time. * * * I 1 Maybe, after all. there will be tech ! nical justification for that war-time i prohibition measure. No peace in sight yet! * * * The AJVies. it seems, are going to ai ? Jow the Germans to fish now in the j North Sea. And having got their im ! perialistic ambitions knocked out of them, they'll probably make good j fishermen. * * * The trouble is that Italy thinks it's 19 A. D. instead of 1M9. And she hasn't any Caesars. And the only ! kind of barbarian invasion she has to ! guard against is a wave of reconstruct ! ir,g Germans. GOOD ROADS AS GAS SAVERS. A test was made in Ohio recently to determine the saving in gasoline j from running a motor truck over a j good road. The greatest pains was j taken to eliminate from the test every variant except the surface of the road. Five new Army Standard A trucks i were used for the trial. They were jsent over seven different types of road j 'surface on practically level ground, j I The test.Results showed an average iof -".78 miies per gallon over dirt road, [ I in good condition. 7.19 over fair grav- j el, 9.39 over good gravel, about the j same over fair bituminous macadam ! and good brick roads. 11.44 over extra J smooth brick and 11.78 over good : i concrete. Here is a gain of over six miles per j 1 gallon between the best atid worst j type of road with unloaded trucks, j The trucks loaded showed that thel poor road took seven times as much j gasoline per mile ??s the good one. This being the age of the autoino- : bile and the beginning of the auto! truck a? a real factor in transporta- ? tio:.. these figures speak louder than; words on the sound economy of sound I roads. Furthermore, into these .figures enters no calculation of the wear and tear upon an expensive machine in go-! ing over rough highways, nor the time j lost. They arc only to show that ihej saving in gasoline alone must be | figured a long way toward paying for! the construction of good pavements j the country through. _ All that Italy needs in order to go j it alone is iron. coal, wheat, beef and: money. And yet such trifles are some-! times considered necessary in figuring! a nation's destiny. 1 ALCOHOL AND "DOPE." j j It has been generally accented thai I deprivation of aleoho! would result in jan increased use of habit-forming I drugs. This has been one of the lead ling arguments of the liquor interests. I Friends of the prohibition movement. while dot admitting it as a valid ob jection to prohibition, have granted that such a danger existed, and have j sought to meet it by better control of ! the ,,dope" traffic. j Perhaps this fear has been exag gerated. The editor of the Arizona Gazette, speaking from the experience I of a State that has already met this j situation, maintains that the tran I sition from strong drink has been j made without any appreciable increase j of the drug evil. "There ' is no doubt in my mind." Isays the editor, in a personal state ?ment. "but that Arizona when wet! i j was the wettest region in the United j States in proportion to its population.: I know now from actual investigation; ilhat there was practically no tendency [toward the use of drugs as a substi tute for alcoholic drinks. We have j been good and dry. outside of a little! \ boot-legging, for four years. The peo ! pie in Arizona who were confirmed! j drunkards or.users of alcoholic drinks, j jihen and women, simply had to quit.] because no such drinks were procur able. Xo matter how much it may ; have hurt them, they simply had to j quit; and I am sure that not one in j [500 attempted to substitute drugs tori the liquor habit or appetite." j This information will be reassuring ? to many communities and many indi viduals that have been worried about] ; the matter. There should be no re laxation, however, of the effort to pro vide a. more adequate public control of the sale and use of deadly drugs, j The evil is ser ious enough at best to j deserve the careful attention of all! legislative bodies and public authori ties. ECONOMIC BUILDING. i -> I In all this discussion of building there is one fact of which not much ' is said, but which nevertheless stands j out clearly. It is the folly of flimsy j building. j There js a natural temptation, when | the cost of labor and material is high, i to lower the expense by cheap eon- l struction. Any honest and intelligent i building contractor can point out rh" j futility of such an attempt. ^Nearly half the cost of ordinary construction is for labor. The labor costs just as piuch whether it is ap plied to good material or poor mater- 1 ial. Why waste five-dollar labor on! two-dollar stuff? . j Even when the materials alone are j considered, it is a mistake. Ask any ! trust-worthy builder or dealer wheth- j er, there is any real economy in boor material. He will probably tell you j that the difference in price between [ trashy stuff and fine, durable stuff is ! nearly always less than the differer.ee j in quality and servicesbilitv. Lumber! that costs 20 per cent more per foot j HARBY & CO., Inc. COTTON AND FERTILIZER MERCHANTS If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you. If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay ou to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral. 9 West Liberty Street is likely tu last 50 per cent longer, and give Detter satisfaction all the time. A copper-coil water heater for ihe home may cost twice as much as a cast-iron heater, and las! three or four limes as long and give more hoi water for less gas all the whil ?. Shingles costing 7,0 per cent more will last twice as long. When it comes to painl and varnish, the besl is no toriously the cheapest. It is so with almost every sort of plumbing', if one does not go in for fancy fixtures rath er than real quality. It is especially wise to act on this principle if. as some experts .maintain, building prices arc going to go still higher hereafter. Any person who has ever done much house-hunting knows the result, in present-day values, of having put good, hones! materials and workman ship into houses built in former days. Many a house erected 15 or 20 years ago will sell for more money now than a house which was built only five years ago. but on which the builder scamp ed his materials and labor. Germany is said to he gloating over the Italian split with *he Allies. That's all right. Don't begrudge the Huns whatever little rays of cheer they can find just now in their own circumambient gloom. They will have to sign just the same, whether the Italia ns do or ?not. * * ? There's going to be one perplex ing obstacle to a good deal of this post-bellum investigation. How ca; ja Republican congress bawl out a i Democratic administration for paying j excessive profits and selling leftover ? war equipment for a song, when Re j publican business men got nearly all : the benefit from it? i As corn goes down, pork goes up. j Somebody ought 1o tell the hogs [about it. (Not meaning any disrespect 1 jio the packers, of course). \ Somebody predicts a penny short-j jage. Spend the dollars on the V loan,! land the pennies will take care of l i ! tnemselves. i > i ?Some of the Results of the Cincinnati! ??Social Unit" Movement. j A year later, after several of thej I leaders in the movement had been! i criticized because of their supposed | radical and "Bolshevist" tendencies.! the group of COO or 7<>o citizens who! had been responsible for starting the j work in Cincinnati proceeded to in vestigate. They found that the ox perminent had really been carrie.l on in good faith and on the precise lines that had been submitted in print and agreed to before anything had be*iii done. Much had been accomplish- j ed. Three hundred per cent, more of i tuberculosis had been ferreted out than had been at first reported to the unit: the mortality from influenza had be^n many per cent, less in the dis trict than in the immediately adja cent territory: infant mortality had been lessened: accidents of childbirth diminished, hygiene of habitations vastly improved, and the people j themselves had been educated by ex.- j ample and practice to at least some j better observance of the natural law i which, in the last, analysis, is the ar biter of their destinies. But above all they found the peo ple hyppy over the work of the .Social Lnit: all had heard of it; many "had participated^ some had been its bene ficiaries?and none had forfeited his or her self-respect in giving or ac cepting help?help, not charity. A committee of the Academy of Medi cine declared much good had been done and advised that the experiment be continued. On April 10 the question whether or not the experiment should be con tinued was submitted to a vote of the people of the distrct. Out of a total of 4154 votes there were only 120 against continuance. It was estimated that at least two-thirds of the total number of persons entitled to take part in the election actually voted, so that the declared result may be re garded as a clear indication of public sentiment in the district.?American Revew of Reviews. Subscribe to The Daily Item. Only 10c per week, delivered. ?" ,FOR SALE?Or will trade for dry cattle several Jersey heifers or young cows with young calves. E. W Dabbs, Mayesville, S. C. R. 1. FOR SALI:?About 1,500 bushels" of corn in the ear. S. M. Pierson. Phone 288. BEEHIVES AND SUPPLIES?I have lately received a few Georgia made hives and frames?8 and 10 frame size. Also on hand sections and foundation for comb honey. N. G. Ostcen. .12d W. Hampton Ave. BEESWAX WANTEB?Any quantity large or small Am paying best cash price. See me if you have any. N. G. Osteeh. - - - The Hail Season is Coining! ! See Us for Hail Insurance HENRY P. M?SES CO. Opposite the Post Office Insurance in all it's Branches A Few OLIVER FE A TURES PARALLEL GANGS?Shovels always cut full width. SEAT BAR GUIDE?Makes guiding easy without exertion HILLSIDE ADJUSTMENT? Cultivator does full worth even on steep hillsides. PERFECT BALANCE?Auto matic whether gangs are rais ed or lowered?no flopping pole. MASTER LEVER?Raises or lowers both gangs at same time. STRONG CONSRUCTION? Frame made of bar steel. More satisfied customers. Prominent farmer who bought one last week came in Satur day and ^\>t two more. We have just received a solid car of Oliver No. 1 Southern Riding Cultivators from the factory of the Oliver Chilled Plow Works at South Bend, Indiana. This should be of interest to every farmer in South Carolina. Modern farming methods must be resorted to in order to off set the labor shortage and produce more and better crops. Every day you use an Oliver Riding Cultivator, you do the work of two men and two one-horse tools and make better crops at less expense. Oliver Riding Cultivators--' Disk or Shovel The Oliver No. 1 Southern Cultivator i? as nearly a general purpose cultivator as it is possible to design one. it ran be used in all conditions of around with equal success in sandy or clay, whether there are few or many weeds. The No. 1 is a pivot pole machine with a scat bar guide. Easiest ma chine made to handle in the field, and is guided without trouble or exer tion. The No. 1 is well adapted to hillsides plowing as it automatically ? adjusts itself on hillsides, and you can handle it as easily on rolling gorund as on level. The Oliver has a master lever which enables the operator to raise or lower both gangs by the use of one lever. This lever als?, balances cultivator whether the gangs are in or out of the ground, and do.-s away with neck weight and flopping pole. The No. 1 can be equipped with four, or six shovel gangs or disc gangs. Talk with the Oliver Representative at our Stable During the week of May 5th an Oliver representative will be at our Stable. He will demonstrate and talk on Oliver No. 1 Southern Cultivators. If you want a demonstration on your farm ask the Oliver representative to arrange it for you. m Such a demonstration will put you under no obligations. See the Oliver man, the first chance you get, and let him talk over the crop-increasing and labor-saving Oliver Cultivator with you, or write us to-day for prices and information. JENNINGS - BLANDING LIVE STOCK CO. 117 East Hampton Avenue - - - Pearson's Old Stand