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The Holy Land yise??iii James Bryee Writes of Washington. April 4.?Of peculiar "timefinese, because or widespread American interest m the future or Palestine, is a communication to ihe Xatf?nal Geographic Societ" from ^isctknit James Bryee, former Bot ? iih' -Ambassador to the ?hited Stages. ?a#-' - -historic Holy Land, released from deadly Moslem domination, imiy take its place among the ??prosperous and even -populous" civilized states ?f today, he stares, if-administered by "a government which should give hon est administration, repress brigand age,' 'diffuse education, irrigate fhc nbw desolate, because sunscarehed, vaiSey of the io^er Jordan by "rater drawn from the upper course of fhe river." A part "f Viscount Bryce s commu nication follows: ''Palestine is a tiny iiiiie country. Tfcefngb the traveler's handbooks pre pare him to find it smail. it surprises him "by being sn: .-?..der than he expect-, ed/ Taking it as the region between | rhie-Mediterranean on the west and the Jordan and Dead ?ea on the east, j from the spurs of Lebanon and Her- j mon oh the north to the desert at i Eeersheba on the south, it is only 11*3 < miles long and from 50 to 60 bread ! ?-thai is to say, it is smaller than New : Jersey "?f this region large parts did not really belong to ancient Isr3ei. Their j hold on' the "southern and northern districts was but slight, while in the southwest a wide and rich plain alo%g: the Mediterranean was occu pied "by the warlike Philistines, who were sometimes more than ? match for the Hebre? armies. Israel had. in f^ct," little iacre than the hiii country, which lay between the Jcrdan cn the east and the maritime plain cn the west: King David, in the days of his power, looked down from the hill cities of Benjamin, just north of " 3^rasaiein>' upon Philistine enemies only "25 miles off, on the one side, anjt looked across the Jordan to Mca hlte'enemies" about as far off, on the other. Nearly all the events in the his tory of Israel that are recorded in the Old Testament happened within a territory no bigger than the State of Connecticut whose area is 4,300 square miles;, and into : hardly any other ccuntry has there been crowded from the days of Abraham till our own so ~ much history?that is to say, so many events that have been recorded and deserve to be recorded in the an nals of mankind. "Nor is it only that Palestine is reality a small country. The traveler ? constantly feels ?s he moves about that it is a smail country. From the heights a few, miles north of Jerusa . lem. he sees, looking northward, a far-off summit carrying snow for 8 months in the year. It is Hermon, nearly 10,000 feet high?Hermon, ?whose fountains feed the rivers of Damascus. ? . **But Hermon is outside the terri tory of Israel altogether, standing in the land of the Syrians; so, too, it-is of Lebanon. We are af,r to trunk of that mountain mass as within the country, because it also is frequently mentioned in the Psaims and the .prophets^ but the two ranges of Le banon also rise beyond the frontiers of Israel, lying between the Syrians of Damascus and the Phoenicians of the West. ?fPerhaps it is because the maps from which children used t^> team Bible geography were on a large scale that most of us have failed to real ize how narrow were the limits within which tool-, place all those |3*eat doings that fill the book* of Samuel and Kings. Just in the same way the classical scholar who visits Greece is surprised to find that :.o $mall a territory sufficed for so many striking incidents and for the career* i>f so many famous men." Soviets Capture Odessa Beeent News Intimated City Was Untenable For Allies Paris, April S (By the Associated Press).?The Ukrainian Soviet troops have captured Odessa, according to advices from Kiev, transmitted by wireless from Moscow, under date of April 7. The news has not been of ficially confirmed. Late dispatches indicate thai Eol fihevik pressure against Odessa, the great Russian port on the Black sea, .was increasing, and intimated the imminent evacuation of the city by the Allied troops. The Paris Matin said that the Allies probably would be withdrawn ultimately to the Dnies ter in order to protect Bessarabia and Bu mania and that the Isthmus of Perekop had been fortified to pro tect Sebastopol. Geatest Year For Road Construction Washington. April 2.?Adoption cf plans to e::pedice highway construc tion under the enlarged program re cently authorized by congress are ? x pected to result m more miles of road being constructed this year than in any previous year in the na tion's history Secretary oi Agricul ture Houston announce*: ii ,]i States take advantage of the oppor tunity offered and make available ior road building sumo equal ro those ip portioned by xederal road official- a total of ?24 2,800.000 may be ezpenU >d. As a result of 3 conference March 1 between the secretary and highway commissioner's of eastern and middfe western States the department oj ag riculture, through the bureau of pub lic roads, has taken up with th< rail road administration the question of freight rates which are represented asj being one of the principal obstacle in the way of active resumption of highway building. The matter is un der consideration by the government railway officials and a decision is pected soon. Secretary Houston also has taken up with Secretary of War Baker the question of releasing from I the army highway engineers in order j that their services may be utilised, j K?nigsberg Facts of Polish and Prussian iiistoiy Washington, April -i.?Koenigs feerg, where homebound Polish iro.ps fron? France my-, tand, rather than risk disunbanoes with the Germans at Daniig, is described in th? foMv?v/ ing biwteiin from' rhe National Geo grapnic Society: ^Kbenigsberg is a strongly forti fied city lying on both sides of the Pre et i River: ?t-ss than five miles from the Frische Horr. and more than 3?? miles northeast of Berlin. This< separation from the center of in< i empire mfhteRced tin- nitifory- of inej city rmd of East Prussia of which it \ is the capital. ??The oldest of che three town: which -.v^ie merged to form Koenigs i>erg-3 Gstadt, was built around the castle cf the Order of Teutonic Kmghrs during th^ thirteenth cen tury- two hundred yrars later the Grand Duke of that order tool: .in his abode there, and for a hundred years the Dukes of Prussia lived there. "This Teutonic Order is worthy of j study for the light it throws on Po land's present claim or East Prussian I territory to furnish her an outlet on | [the Baltic. The order was founded j j during the Third Crusade, led by i ' Ei b.ti ossa Ey tha fomieenIh een- j ; tiij-y it neid sway over half a hun-j ! dred cities, thousands of smaVlei j places and embraced about 2,000,000 persons. Ail virtually were German! colonists upon Polish territory. Ma rienberg, just out of Danzig, was the capital. In that century the Pones and Lithuanians united against the order and defeated its army of a mil lion men, indicting a loss of 40,000'. Thus Poland recc"ered some terri tory and exacted tribute irem the rest. ?'Cities remaining wohin the order scon revolted, and paid Frederick III 54,000 gold florins for a 'scrap cf pape-r containing guarantees which were c&^cciied when the order paid over twice as much. Thereupon the cities appealed to Poland for aid. West Prussia was conquered and Ea~T Prussia was left a German island surrounded by Slav-., and by the peace of Thorn became subject to Poland '"Efforts like that Poland ncv is making to find an outlet to me sea are as old as nations, nor are they peculiar to Europe. American colo nies experienced similar ambitions; Erie is the Dan/ig or Koenigsberg of Pennsylvania, and, if you examine a map of that State you will note, in the far northwest corner a triangle which forms Pennsylvania's -corridor to the Great Lakes. "To get that concession the Key stone State' had a vigorcm, though bloodless, struggle with Massachu setts and Connecticut, with the ua five Indians, and finally purchased ii through the newly created pe.ier&l government at 75 '<air. an D.cre $150,640.25 in all. a fair price for a good business <mmer in Erie or in day. " To return to Keen Jesberg?the first site of Aisiadt, having- been de stroyed by the Prussians, the town was rebuilt on its present location to the west of the Pregei; Ldeb^nichi grew up along the east bank and the third part of the ejry, Kneiphof, de - veloped on an island. The three towns were united in 1724, by Fred erick William T. ?*In Frederick William, father of Frederick the Great, are to be found some eariv manifestations of Prus sian traits. Coarse cruet, and mis erly, Frederic openly avowed his ha tred of al! things French and preach ed that Germany must have a culture all her own. He flouted all science that did no? have a practical use. He f 0) bade Germans to wear any but "made in Germany' clothes, and he imposed heavy duties on imports to aid other German industries; "Under the pseudo-simplicity of the 'tobacco parliament,' a nickname for tue group of officers, statesmen and diplomats who gathered evenings to smoke, drink and harangue about politics, Frederick developed a con cepticn or absolutism which was i" be more fully exemplified in his son's T' ii . He ostentatiously discharged ait but one of bis Queen's ladies in waiting, and carried a heavy stick, when he walked through the streets, with which he belabored those who seemed to be idling. "Frederick I and William 1 were crowned kings ot Prussia at Koenigs berg Kant, the philosopher, who was born and spent his life here, is buried in The cathedral. The ehy was both a naval and military fort. Eefore the war if was industrially im portant and bad .. population aboui equal to that <.r Providence, R. I. It was famous for the manufacture of the sweetmeat marzipan." Business at Copenhagen American Commercial Houses Es(a hi]sn ing Bra nein-s Copenhagen, Feh 28 (Correspond-1 ence of The Associated Press) -~F:ep-j resentativea oi many American: banking a.nd commercial i'nsti unions.' recently hav? arrived here because of ! the growing interest in Copenhagen an the center of business between! Scandinavian countries and the Cnit-! ed State, j A I? um bei of important American j exporting companies .?? ? a brishineri their chief European office in Coper; j barcn, and the greatest interest i ?. be-j bag taken by press and people in their enterprises. ' Tie- id-:.-- port of Copenhagen , r.fl the greate te .i inter, i ro tJi? Cnited States/' said E B. Pitsinger, of ;:t Lawrence county. V , "not only because il ?? important in the export trade to Scandinavia, tan ?)??< an it is going to be vh*tualiy the gateway to Russia, Germany Poland and otn er countries Copenhagen, I believe, wdi be able to compete with Ham burg, it indeed Hamburg will ever again !?? as ?mportani as it was be fore He- War We AmeriCa/i; w.ud intimate connection with the Scandi navian mailt'!, aid if We Can <?>ii tjuer that market we will be able toj compete " with any other exporter*.'" I Child Weifare The Chiidreris' Bureau Working! I at the Betterment of Children Washington, April I.?? Weighing of nit-;'- than 2.000,00.0 babies, establish ment of muii> new health centers i<? :oi?/]>;*- motivers on the care ol their; children, and stimulation <>r thej movement to keep children in school j Kiel provide ithem adequate r*-i-r?-:i - [Ton, kvere reported today by the Chil dren's Bureau ;is some ol r 1 j j- results <?! its children's year campaign. More than 11,000.Qt/u wt?mon par ticipated in the activities of the year,] Which was inaugurated last April ?',. j Tbc ?rsi anniversary of America's declaration of war. i was planned to save :i! least lOo.OOO of the gOo/io'u children wie? die annually of pre . enta ble diseases. The first activity of the year was ?,i !"?;:( ??t children under :\\ to see whether they were up to in?' stand ards ;?i weight and height for their ages Nearly 7.0?O.000 record cards ivere issued, of which more than 2. 000,'?ou nave been tabulated, with:] others yet to )??- turned in. a num ber <?! communities have undertaken u second test this spring to in elude children niissed in nie firsi and also to note improvement in those pre- > viousij registered. Weed for preventive work on behalf ! oi children was said to have been emphasized by the information ob tained mi the test. According to re ports received from State Child Wei fare Chairmen oi the Council <>r Nat ional Defense, eonamunities in 24 States have employed new public aealth nurses during Die year. From ten oi the~e States a total of i::. new averse* has beeri reported. One hun dred and thirty-four children's health renters to which rnorhers may go foi : experr advice concerning rite besi means of caring tor their children have been established din inn: Chil dren's Tear in communities in 15 I States. Swimming pools, pia3rgrounds, and I new leisure-time activities have be come j. part of the play life ot boys and firis in many communities as a re-run of the year. From sixteen ; States the establishment of new play ground 3 has been reported. Forty-three States. New York City land the D;sni?r of Columbia are en gaged in a campaign to prevent boys and gins from going to won: before they have the training they need for 'successful and happy lives. "Back to School," and "Stay in School" are the slogans of this drive. A number of communities have provided scholar ship funds to enable children of i needy parents to continue their edu cation after they reach the legal working age. At least one such scholarship foi each or in.- 2*1.000 school houses in the United States is the goal thai has been set. j Although Children's rear is olficial l\ over, plans are under way in sev eral State-.- to make every year a Chil Idren's STeai*. a aew consciousness of the value of the child and his need for eood health, wholesome play, adequate ac-booiing' and protection from premature werk is said to be indicated by laws contemplated by the States'. These include many bills for the protection of children. The Children's Bureau has planned a conference with foreign experts who have had a part in the work done by European countries for tie- pro tection of hildren during the stress of war. i ?> conference will consist ot two distinct parts: First, :i small working committee of American au thorities t<> be invited bj the secretary of labor, and members of the ku reau staff who will meet informally j wifb the foreign guests .-it Washing ? ton during the week of May *l; second, I a series of regional conferences in va rious parts of in-- country at which the discussion of minimum stand ards car, be continued under local auspices and with references to local I conditions. I_. W. C. T. ?. Celebration Big Prohibition Meeting in Hills boro, Ohio j Hillsboro, Ohio. April X.?This j town, tin- home fit "Mother" Thump j son. credited w ith being tin* founder [ of tie- Woman's Christian Temper lance Union, ir. arranging for a big national celebration when America goes dry on .inly i. Leaders of va.. j rious temperance societies will :it I tend Nu- oelebra tion. Those planning the <-v<-nt.--. claim : thai ffillsboro i.-: He- birthplace of the [national prohibition movement, Thc-y say tiiii on December 21, ix?::, a number oi women joined forces and sei oul to liu the districi of its sa loons. The story of how these pioneers; headed by "Mother" Thompson, sallied forth d..-. after day and, kneeling he fore the saloon.:, "prayed and sang them out of existence/ is a, martei ci history, the celebration managers j cay. Some oi lie- members of ''Mother"j Thoinp: on's little band are .-:iill I v iog and will participate in the cele bration. The I'r h-e ol ? 'Of ton i A nd?-t on Ala i! i The far'itier mi South Carolina who j ha: hors< or cows or hogs or chick- ] ? ii oi- corn oi Ii.,i . i<> -cii can n>: his j own price and get it, bid if he has! nothing bni eon * ?n lo sell in- runsf ] accept the'piiee fixed by ib.- buyer. | And ' long as faxmers grow noiTv- j but cotton id- ion-i rake whatever! is-Offered I il Th? y '.\ iil not f.. :) hi.- j to fix tlie oll?? no matter tio.it mart) conventions no--, hold ami n? matfei what kind "I agreements thej ettfer.I into f The farmer wlio has nothbi;; but] cotton io 'ii mu i of necessity have] noin- obligations o> m? ei lb- mu i i ... . ,i pa ? a ;n i"i lit ? uppiies ?>i bn> ' them ? ? 11 credit, .-? n<i in . 11111 * eveni he ?no f 11 ? 111 ? 1111 "v . 111 >' 111. o i i-lj w'. i * !l? ' mu : - ! iii'.in-v j-. lo .?:??!! Iii-- cotton. Being forced to sell. he cahoot ii\ 111? - price. The ..ii;, .1: know In- is forced to ? ? ii and they will \\\ Lhe pi ice. These are tin- fact:., and it would oe useless to deny- them. Wilhelm Loses Arrogance Manners, of Former Emperor of Germany Improved by Ad versity Amerongen, Netherlands, March 5j (Correspondence of The Associated I press)?-All who come into close eon nection with the former Gerninn em-i peror these days arc astonished at' the change which has come over hisi behavior in relation to people with! whom he is brought into contact, Iiis haughty manner has disappeared. 1 :?? no longer takes it for formtet] thai ! bo is the supreme lord to whom *n! must bow. Any service given t?>: him, even by the humblest or garden- j ers in the employ of Count Bent in ck, is rewarded with apparently sincere I hanks and sometimes even with a genuine handshake ?a thins not looked for by the highest of his cour tiers when lie was still at the heighi of bis power. Virtually without exception, he passes three hours every morning be tween break fast and lunch at his vol untary task <<f sawing logs in the grounds of .In- castle. The last ten minutes of each hour is given up i<> a spell of rest, during which the lumberman.; once- so imperious, smokes a light cigarette. fn tne coarse of this interval'?heartily wel comed by his attendant who assists at the other end of the double-handl ed saw now used?William Hohenzbl lern starts smoking for the attend ants still retain enough of their sub jectivity not to dare to take the lead. Then one of the attendants discreet ly draws a. cigarette case from his pocket, on seeing which the former emperor often .-ays. offering his burn ing cigarette: "Here you are. Take a a l i gh t. " SObn ail nboui him are smoking j and continue doing s<> until tin- ten I minute interval is over and work be gins again. Oftimes in these short rests the former empress who, during I the work walks about in the castle ('grounds when the weather is favor able, comes up to the place whwe the wood sawing is done and a ist; :e general chat ensues, both Heia* Hon I enzoiiern and his wife putting ?lues* tions on all sorts of subjects to thosf in attendance. As a ride, the former emperor i. extremely talkative. He dwell* greatly on happenings in Germany both pant and present. Often he is in la complaining mood, when he blames jail and sundry for what has occurred j It does not seem to enter his min?l that any of the fault lies with him At these rimer, he expresses sorrow for the asperity or his utterances On other occasions?these are mor* rare?he closes up like a clam and not :< word can be drawn from him lb has everything he can possibly require in the way of creature com forts, bul without actually being im prisoned In- is confined to a very small area, for b<- has noi dared since be fore Christmas to put a foot outside of the castle grounds, as he fear.? contact with the outside world. Good Chance Ahead American Shipyards May Com pete With Others Washington. April 8.?Construction of the latest type oil burning cargo .steamers at a price which will enable American shipyards to compete with the foreign nations was declared tc be "highly probable" by phairmar Hurley of the shipping board to night in u statement announcing that the Submarine- Boat Corporation oi Newark. .\. J.. had -made an offer tc build eight l2.00o ton freighters al t:> ?i deodWeight ton without any guarantee from the government on either labor or material. In making the offer to the ship ping board. Henry X. Carse, president of the corporation, wrote that the j experience gained in duplicating steel j ?argo ships in quantity demonstrated j beyond all question that the proce dure the company was following would enable it to continue shipbuild ing successfully at the marked re duction in cost even though it was '"the lowesl price quoted today in thej world." ?.Most prices mentioned and talked I abo.ui for !'.?!.) have been from $185' i> a ton," Mr Hurley said, re-i rdying ;<> Mr. ("arse, "your proposal; nest effectively answers tin- queS- j ions .is 10 whether our steamship! builders can compete in prices with foreign shipyards.* i "Such a reduction also will give us: an opportunity to firmly establish our ; shipbuilding industry and. will allow1 us to obtain ships at prices reason-1 a ble enough to compete with foreign j sh i p opera t ors." Plans for ib<- type of vessel whichj the Submarine Boat Corporation of-i fers to build were drawn up by I Theodore R. Ferris, a naval archi ,!(-et and marine engineer, und are said ; to provide for a greal degree of econ omy in operation, efficiency and com i fort for the crews. besides having 'many advantages not found in ves ' sols under foreign Hags. Describing the ships. Mr. Carse as serted that by utilizing oil for fuel, [a. steaming radius of 1:5,000 knots would be obtained without refueling. ! "Auxiliary machinery will be of j the latest and most, approved types I with large hatches permitting the .most efficient handling of cargo," he said. "Quarters and other eqnip I rnent will be of the approved Amer ican requirements, affording thereby ' the maximum comforts for the crew." The first ships. Mr. Carse said, j could be delivered six months after j the ways were completed. Eight of i the present launching ways at the ! corporation's yards would be taken as soon as available, he said, and re modeled to permit the construction ice time of four of the ships. Murder of Czar 'Effort Will Be Made to Estab ; lisli Tact of Assassination ' Omsk. Feb. 12 (Correspondence of the Associated Press).?Serious effort will be made to determine the exact details of the assassination of the Russian imperial family which oc curred in a. house at Ekaterinburg. I Various accounts of the affair are still i current a! Omsk where at present reside two tutors, one English, the other French, who were attached to the family of <"zar .Nicholas, and wie? were with unhappy monarcbs until they were removed from Tobolsk to the bouse at Ekaterinburg where they were subsequently murdered. Official personages who visited this house and who had some opportunity of gleaning details accept the story that the former Emperor Nicholas, his wife and their children were thrown into a pit or cellar and there half suffocated, wounded and finally killed under a. hail of missiles. in cluding bombs. They believe that the bodies were secretly transferred to the forest and buried. Special in vestigation is being made of the tale that one of tin- jewels of the former empress, a. diamond, was found in a forest recess. A story that Nicholas was stabbed with a poignard by sailor while being transferred from one place to anoth er, and that, kissing the hem of the sailor's garment, he pleaded for mer cy, is not .accepted as vouched for by any historical data of a serious na ture. Stimulate Building Activities The next congress will he asked to ?nact legislation necessary to the est ablishment of a system of federal lome loan banks, according to a statement by the Information and education Service of the United States Department of Labor. A tentative ?ill has been prepared and has been nailed to all otlicers and committees dC the United States League of Building Associations, and copies can be obtained from the Division of Pub Iii- Works and Construction Develop ments of the United States Depart ment of Labor. In its campaign to stimulate build, ing activities the United States De partment of Labor, in January, in vited representatives of the Uniteds States League of Building Associa tions to* a conference in Washington for a discussion of ways and means of increasing the usefulness of the building and loan associations. It was realized that these associations played an important part in the homebuilding activities of the nation, and it was the hope of the Depart ment of Labor that their field of usefulness might he enlarged. Out of this conference came the movement in favor of a national system of home loan banks through which these associations might rediscount their securities and make available for further loans a greater portion of their assets. The chief work of the building and loan associations is .lending money to home builders. Association repre sentatives. in the Washington eonfer j ence. suggested that congress enact a ; law permitting these associations to i organize regional banks, capitalized i by the associations and operated by them under government supervision. ?The purpose of this w?s to provide a I regional bank which would perform I for building associations a service I similar to that performed by the j Federal Bank for the commercial i banks, and by the Federal Land j Bank for the National Farm Loan j Association. j Owing to the congestion in im ] portant legislative matters in the last congress, it was impossible 'to obtain consideration for the Federal Home Loan Bank project. The building and loan associations, ? working in har mony with the aims of the Depart ment of Labor In its campaigns for the revival of building and construc tion activities, now have drafted a ; tentative bill which, with such re j visions as may be considered prudent, j will be introduced in the next con ! gress. with the influence of the na ! tional and State organizations of {building and loan associations be ! hind it.?Manufacturers Record. Oklahoma Oil Production. j Oklahoma City, April 3?Oil produc tion in Oklahoma in 1918 averaged ; 204.650 barrels a day with a daily com I mercial value of $500,000 based on j present prices according to the report of the State Oil and Gas Conservation Commisson. The report gives the first oil production total announced by any state for 1918. The Tulsa district stiH leads in oil production, with a daily average for the year of 66,000 barrels, the report states. The report says the state also pro duced for commercial purposes 5U, '577,645.061 cubic ft. of natural gas. in jl91S and ?'muddled in" or conserved j for future use, 32,780,536,000 cubic ?feet. In natural gas production the ' Blackwell-Carber district led with a total of more than 27,000,000,000 feet in 191S. There are now 23.561 wells n Okla homa producing oil or gas. the com mission reported. * Apple Blossom Time in an Overland,f The keen appreciation and deep respect so freely expressed by over 600,000 Overland owners is an Overland asset of priceless value. Model 90 by its easy riding qualities, economy, sturdiness, and de pendable performance, constantly widens the circle of Overland friends and perpetuates Overland prestige. The enthusiasm of owners is your safest buying guide. < .... S^-^*^ OVERLAND SALES COMPANY Sumter, S. C. Overland Model 90 fire Putenrer Touring Qu >9t5j I * k Tokdo ' Come to our store