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Fubltehe? Wednesday and Saturday osraaEsr pubushSg company SUMSPHR, S. 0. ' Terms: $1.50 per ana am?in advance. Advertisements, One Square first insertion .. .. $1M ?.: Every subsequent insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be made at reduced rates. All communications which sub serve private interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect ?rill be charged for. The S?mter Watchman was found ft? in 1850 and the True Southron in The Watchman attd Southron no'w. has the combined circulation anc influence of both jfeff t?t<* old papers, and ia manifestly the best advertise.; The Germans are beginning to sus pect, that the armistice terms are life ; terms. ~*'~ ?." It's about time for some philan thropist to raise the cry, "pensions for saloonkeepers!" * * * B' The house, has offered Speaker Champ Clark his Choice of a silver coffee, set, a silver tea set and a silver punch "bowl, and Champ has chosen the.'punch-bowl. What's he going to do with it? : THREE TRAXSPORTATiOX BRANCHES. Any' thoroughly satisfactory de velopment of transportation facilities | and systems in this country' must now 1 include the railroads, the water ways-and the motor trucks. No one or two of these elements caii wisely j be developed to the exclusion of the other." jDuring the recent ;ALuto Truck Show in Chicago the use "of the, mo tor truck in rural hauling was parr" ticularly discussed. Iowa has tried* it : out "more systematically and 5 widely- than perhaps any other State j jof. that section, and has found it < very -successful in cheapening, the distribution of food. Although the motor truck has been! ? effective in relieving freight conges tion; on the railroads in long hauls, its chief usefulness appears to lie in the sdhorter hauls which are so costly when made - by. rail. It effectively c^mrectsythe small-town and even the individual farm with the nearest big - city or railroad. rOne test trip made in Iowa was the hauling of 3.0?0 pounds* of eggs from a small' town to Des Meines, a distance of about zi miles. The trip topk;three hours and twenty minutes, and" the actual cost ..per. -100 pounds for freight and cartage was 36- cents. ' This "all-round development of transportation lines, should be brought about as quickly and natur^ \ 1 ally- as possible, with no quarrelling j or. jealousy among* the various 1 branches. "Close harmony and' co operation among them, and the fullest possible use of each will be of as great benefit to the hauling systems as to, the producers and consumers who seem to need it most. POLICE MUST. BE GUARANTEED. .'? . ? . 'Tfcere are men in Washington who want the peace conference simply to "make peace with Germany, and go home." As if that would end the matter! Peace conferences have done that very thing, many a time. The con* gross of Vienna did it, in winding up the Napoleonic wars. And always, soon, wars blazed out again, culmi nating finally in the worst of all wars, "The arangements of the present peace cannot stand a generation," says President Wilson, "unless they are guaranteed by the united forces of the civilized world." No intelligent man who knows hu man nature and who reads history with an open mind can question that statement. And how shall the peace be guaranteed? Only one plan has be<m suggested that offers any pros pect of success. It is the League of Nations. SB?9-ea ! NATIVE IMMIGRANTS. ? Regardless of what is done about the alien exclusion law. there is go ing to be a migatory wave dashing upon American shores before long. The migration will consist of wealthy Americans who have long sojourned abroad, and who now begin to find life back in this "crude and undevel oped" country more tolerable than they used to think it. It isn't merely that America has now grown more "cosmopolitan,"* though that has something to do with the matter. The main consider ation is that living abroad has got io be too expensive. It used to be that a family with European tastes and an American income could get more for its money abroad than at home. That is no longer so. thanks to the Ik vy taxes imposed in England. France and Italy, the three countries that have so long harbored colonies *?r rich Americans. .Their incomes are ta*ed fnr higher there than thoy would be at home. And so hundred?, probably- thousands, of these more or less cultured folk who used vo scorn and slander their native land in the aristocratic circles of London, Paris and Rome?or as near those circles as they could get?will come back and make the best of it, and spend ^ ?iriy the "social season" abroad. It Is all right, too, so far as the! rest of the nation is concerned. They are not considered particularly desir able immigrants, but thay may im prove after a few years' close con tact with real Americans. i i ? ?r~ The funny thing about it is, that some of the men who object to a L. of N. want a small army. $ I t Biloxi, Miss., boasts of a school teacher named Miss Legal Tender Ritch. Aw, make your own joke about it! * * ? Somebody says that "Mexico's problems "are largely financial." May be so; but most people think they're largely Carranza. * * ? * "Must a statesman be an ass?" asks the New York "World, . for the forty-'Jeventh time. Well, it isn't] obligatory, l>ut it's the custom. * * * Paderewiski didn't work it right in his campaign for the presidency of Poland. Instead of making speeches, he ought to have played the piano. * * * "Mandatory" government bf back ward peopie&'is an old story to Amer- i ica. It means exactly what we have done with tfie Fiiipiaos, though we never gave it any such fancy name. * * * Patrick Henry, once on- a time, orated very eloquently against the Constitution of the United States. And ?yet the old document that he viewed with such alarm worked -pretty well* * * * - The boys are coming back from the front a?flt accounts of- how it feels to be shot, J After July first, the man*; who knows, how. it feels to be half f shot will- be the one to focus public attention. * ' * ? ** Ninety-five per cent of the Ameri can expeditionary forces are tisers of tobacco in some form. This-makes the outlook for the campaign against the weed a little dark. Those boys are good fighters. ;<j .* #. * , The answer to war debts ik thrift The French, with Only about one third of our population and one fifth of our wealth, have twice ^3 big a national debt; and they'll probably get it paid as quick as we do. * * * Most folks hope congress won't re peal the daylight-saving law. At the same time, it's nothing to get wildly excited about. Anybody who really wants to save daylight can accumu late- a good, "deal of - it without any help from congress. . ' The peace conference seems to have adopted Oemenceau concep tion of the "balance of power," with1 all the honest nations in the world weighing down one end of the bal ance and Germany dangling by the neck from the other end. * * ? It is said that communities, now "wet" are to be comforted after July 1 by the installation of "automat mo tion-picture theaters." Will a thirsty citizen drop a beer check in the slot and see a film of a bibulous citizen engulfing a tub o'suds? HOPELESSLY IDEALISTIC. "It seems rather silly to me to put this League of Nations business on such an idealistic basis," remarks a friend of the plan. "It seems to me such a simple, sraight, commonsense proposition! We don't want to fight any more wars. We don't want to pay big taxes for armament. We don't want to have business disturb ed by war flurries. We want to make a sensible business arrangement about it with other nations. We are I not doing it for their benefit, either, {but for our own. Why all this flub jdub about altruism, democracy, j world-service, etc? It is for our own j selfish interest." When you get down to hard fact, j this is quite true. As a purely selfish j business enterprise, it would pay the j United States to put over an inter | national federation with power to i preserve world peace. Dut the trou-'j ! ble is. the American people are so I 1 hopelessly idealistic that they will not admit that this is true, and will I ; not take a proper interest in the j matter if it is put to them on a mere j ly practical basis. It was the same with the war. It | was for the selfish interest of th?-: ! United States to jump in and lick j I Germany, in order to vindicate our. [rights for the present and guarantee . our safety for the future, and inci j dentally gain whatever measure of honorable profit might accrue in the [process. But would th<' American! : people have risen to such a purely! materialistic summons? They wouM not. Thev had to he roused by a I i call to '"save civilization/', Th<\ ?worked and paid and fought for Bel Ijrium and France and the other men j . ; aced countries as they would no. 'have done for themselves. This idealism of the American peo ! pie is a factor that all wise states 'men must reckon with. Foreign na j tions are just beginning to under j snand it. Many of our own states men do not yet understand it. Anybody who wants to do anything with Americans in the mass might as well learn once for all?the way to move them is to appeal to their ideals. This .is the secret of all big success in America, whether in poli tics or Iterature or drama or art or business. It may be unfortunate, but it can not be helped. We are so hopelessly idealistic! PROFIT JOOST IN SMOKE. Municipalities or industries could make money by abolishing smoke ac cording to C. W. -Rice, secretary of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He says: "Present en-j gipeering knowledge shows that \ smoke is only particles of coal made up of carbon, and that it can be abated successfully and will pay for itself in by-products. One hundred thousand. tons of fertilizer goes up in smoke from the industries of the country every year." Incidentally there is -a gcod deal of wear and tear on clothing in com munites where the smoke nuisance still thrives in all its wasteful black ness. -Sunlight is . shut out, injuring vegetation. The atmosphere is pollut ed''with harmful effect on the health of people in the vicinity. Houses and buildings look shabby and dingy all the time even when paint is 'fre quently applied, and whole neigh borhoods are rendered ugly and dis mal by the unchecked outpouring cr smoke from factories, railroads, buildings and homes. v * To change all this?letting in sun shine and pure air, brightening up the appearance of the town with aerial cleaaliness, increasing the health of the population?would be enough blessing to make smoke reduction worth while, if only citizens had ener- j gy to tackle the proposition. But! there.are still further benefits of aj more material nature accruing from j the abatement *of this, nuisance, j Proper combustion reduces the iriipunt of smoke and conserves coal. Smoke reduction also yields^various t>y-products which, authorities assure as, will. f.ully ? pay the* necessary ex pense of the process. It is a plain, rjbrhmcn-sense business proposition, my way you look at it, and some day 10 truly enlightened community will permit this public nuisance and great vaste of resources. -, f JVOULD IT HAVE PREVENTED THIS WAR? The best test of whether'the pres ent. League of Nations plan would really1 prevent war is its application ;o the war just ended. If such a! >ague ljad been in existence in 1914, J ivould this war have started? To anyone who is familiar with the! ?var's history* and who reads the Constitution with an open mind, the j iuestion quickly answers itself. Would Germany have gone into the svar if she had postponed hostilities for the period provided in the Consti tution? Hardly, because the Ger mans would have had time to think things over, and their war spirit would have cooled. "But the German government might have declared war immediate ly, as it actually did, without giving her people a chance to think it over." Certainly! But would the Kaiser have dared do that, knowing that under the Constitution war against one member of the League would have meant war against all? Know ing that the immediate result would be a universal economic blockade strangling Germany? And knowing that the other big powers besides France and Russia would almost cer tainly back that economic warfare with armed power? Everybody knows that Germany would not have started this war it she had foreseen even the British blockade, not to mention the active armed intervention of Britain. Italy j and America. She was better pre pared for this war than any other nution ever was any big war. j Wha: she would not have done in 1914 neither she nor any other na-J tion is likely to do hereafter. Saturday was the last day for pay ment of the United War Work! pledges?and many still remain un- | paid. The causes for which this j money was solicited and for whicl" i the pledges were made are now in urgent need of. funds, and al! who! obligated themselves to help sustain I the organizations that are lahorin.q; in! Europe and in this country for the j welfare of our soldiers should pay. their pledges without further clclay. Washington. March 1.?The house will not msike any effort before ad -"ourr.ment to pass a resolution end ing government control of wires on December 31st. Chairman Pou an uounced today. HARBY & CO., Inc. MOIIUD FERTILIZER MERGH1NTS If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you. If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay you to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral. 9 West Liberty Street The Cotton Situation Address Delivered by Prof. D. W. Watkins of -Clemson Col lege at Abbeville. The following- is the substance of an address by Acting Director of Exten sion, D. Vv\ Watkins, at Abbeville, S: C., on Acreage Reduction Day, Feb ruary" 2S: * The cotton belt has been spoken of for many years as solid agriculturally and commercially. As a result the Southern working man, w. i and black, labors longer for less pay than any class ?f labor in the United States. The hrst real opportunity for the South to become commercially and agriculturally solid is hers now. The j cotton holding and acreage reductior ! movement has covered the South and j has for the first time the support no* j only of the farmers, but of bankers j merchants, the press and of all legiti-' mate business interests in the South In Texas. I am told, there are 1.- j 500 business men and farmers work ing "to get pledges signed and that they are having an easy time getting the pledges signed. North Carolina Louisiana. "Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia have already adopted similar programs and pledge^ are being signed by the hundreds of thousands j Between now and planting time ever? j cotton planter in the cotton belt wij" j be giyen an opportunity to notify J the world that he intends to reduee' his acreage. Heretofore such movements, whip they have aimed to attain a desirable end, have failed because the farmer did not receive the support of the ' banker and the merchant. The move- j ?ment now has the support of both : bankers and merchants. There are banks in South Carolina today. I an: j told.-'-which are not cashing custom- < er's checks for the reason, that they'i have, loaned so much money on cot ton to enable farmers to hold it for a fair rice. The bankers of the South are solid behind the movement. Merchants also realize that unless profits are realized in cotton produc tion their business cannot proper. We, of the South, are all in the same boat and the interests of all of us de mand that cotton shall bring a price that wil: support the kind of civili zation which we are now determined to have. The bankers and mer chants are ready to go the limit in helping to establish southern com mercial and agricultural independ ence. What is the farmer's part in such an effort? First, every* farmer must produce all the corn, oats, hay. forage, wheat, syrup, Irish and sweet potatoes, veg etables, pork, milk, butter, fruit and other products of the soil needed to properly nourish every person living j on the farm for 365 days in the year, j Each far.ner should produce a small j surplus of some of these things for j the city folks within the cotton belt. ; This is an old and oft-repeated rem edy but there- is none other to take its place. Second, put children of school age in school and keep them there. Why work children in competition with i each other in the cotton tit-Ids of the i South when by taking them oat of | the fields and putting them in school ! where they should be we realize-j more money from the resulting smaller crop of cotton. A small crop brings more money than a large one. \ The South has suffered for fifty years] from an overproduction of cotton. By taking the children out of the cotto field and putting them in school we will not only educate then: ar no cost j but will realize a profit on the trans-! action. At the same time we shall be n-ipinir out the Mot of illiteracy from j the South. What remedies have we j then for our present condition of | slavery to cotton? First, education.] second, a sound farming program for ?-very farm. Some will claim that all farmers will not unite on this and that united effoit is necessary to bring about higher priced cotton. Let us suppose vou do put your children in sr-hool eight or nine months in the year, cat your cotton acreage and produce a living at home, while the majority of farmers do not act with you. What is the situation at the end of the year? It is this. You will have some cheap cotton, and very few necessities to buy and your chiidia are normal tnd intelligent. The other man has los; of cheap cotton, man*, necessities t?' >e supplied out of cotton money, and children who have !<>si tin- goldo; opportunity* that should have been theirs. Which do you choose? Much propaganda is being circu lated at present in tie- magazines and newspapers of the United States which purports to show colossal prosperity in the South. As a mat ter of fact tin- South is less prosperous than any other agricultur al section of the country. A com parfe?n of the bank deposits in the different sections is a good method of determining the relative prosperity of each section. Tin- bonks t f fri cLana and Ohio, two States wlr>h taken together, are so far as area is concerned, less than one-third ihe size of Texas, carry more bank de ? posits than every bank in tin.- cotcon ; belt. A great injustice } .s been j done the South by the insidious ! spreading oi! false reports of the j?outh's prosperity. There is to-lay a I bitter feeling among many Morthei n j and Western people against the j South because they have been made i believe that we are mordina^tttly j prosperous. They have been led to i attribute our prosperity to the fact j that the government did not fix the ] price or cotton. They say that we are not patriotic because, our. repre sentatives inVongress urged that no nice be fixed upon cotton, while they I did not object to having the price j ixed on wheat. The sincerity and j >urity of the wheat farmer's patriot I ism will he tested this year. The j Government wiy see that wheat farm I ers receive $2.20 per bushel for all [ -cheat harvested in 1919 in order to i make good its guarantee. It is per fectly right that this should be done. The world is well supplied with wheat sow, however, and there is no pa triotic reason under the sun for f ceding a large crop of spring wheat j n addition to^ the 10 million aeres I of fall sewn wheat which already ! promises a bumper crop. In view of .he fact known to everybody that .here will be.no need for any spring /.'heat and that there is likely to be . need for corn, upon which no price s guaranteed, what will the spring farmers do. Their acreage in spring .vheat will indicate the extent to which their patriotism is alloyed with a desire for profit. The quest-ion is sometimes asked. 'How can the South continue to pro luce cotton unless a profit is realiz d?'' The answer is as follows: First, the cotton producer spends :ess money for food, clothing, shel ter and the education of his children :han does anv other class of farm ?r? in-America. In other words when we get into the field to produce cot j ton we are working for less money oer day than any other, class of farm ers receive for a day's work. If this were not true we would not have been such a load on the rest of the coun try in diseases like pellagra and tu berculosis which are directly promot ed by lack of nourishment and ex posure, and we would not have so much illiteracy. We would not have >o many Southern farm women go to I ?nsane asylums because of the mo notonous grind of life on unprosper | ous cotton farms. Who rides to town j and on Sunday to church in an auto | mobile? Who sends his son and j laughter to college? Who lives in a I painted house with a big red barn in I in the back? Who pays cash for [ everything, he buys and thereby j saves on an average of about 20 ptr ^ent of the cost. He rises early and ! works until late and if fortunate I realizes an occasional profit which i I ?revents a sheriff's sale. Thousands j I of farmers in the South have never ! j realized any profit on their farming j Operations but have been able to eon-; \ tJnue in the business because of an.j j occasional rise in the price of land : I following a year or s<> of comparative j j ?rosperHy. Such increases have oc-j I mrred in keeping with the generali .'rend of land prices in the t'niiodj j States and these increases have saved; 1 *ho South from absolute bankruptcy, j I The moid growth of farm tenancy j the South since 3 indicates j [?hat man) Soijthorn people who were! j'formerly in che land-owning class j hi been unable tu hold the owner-] p?hip of their lands on th remunera^i ?tion received for cotton. Thousands! i irpori Thousands have been forced to: srivc tai the struggle and seek em-1 pioyrnent in the cotton mills: Xegrcesj have been driven into public works; and to industrial labor. Cheap labor, both white and black' and that poorly housed, poorly fed. j ooorly clothed and poorly educated I has produced the most abundant and least expensive supply of clothing that the world has ever known. If Soutl *n people desire to continue this system aH they need to do is to 'end every effort toward cotton pro-: duet ion. On the other hand, if we ?would exact :i better living from the) world in return-for the cotton produe-j ed. what must we do? The answer is simple, sure and unchangeable, "field; i what we have! cut the acreage, and ! live at home." .Japan and China. * ! j Tokio. Jan. 1-5 (Correspondence of [the Associated Press)-?Japan is not hoblfsred to return Kiauchau to China ui is willing to do so on terms that I will secure the peace Of the East, [says the Chugwaf Shiogyo (Journal of ! Commerce.) Commenting on the an nouncement bj the Chinese peace delegates in Xew V>.."k that China would insist on the restitution of Mia'ucha.u and the revision of cohi i ltiercia 1 treaties with Japan, the pa per says that as to the latter Japan : is willing to undertake the revision of the present treaties but that such a istep will have no practical value un ?>s China t;ikes steps to restore in i ternal harmony and control of the ba rtdits. As to Japan's loans to China, the Chugwai Shiogoy assured the South China party that Japan would not hand over the balance of 20,000,000 yen Loaned for China's participation in the war. Che object of which the Southern I'arty has regarded as sus . picious. Japan's railway loans, the paper said, should be excepted be cause the railways are urgently needed and if the'loans were extend ed with proper care, they would ?not have any political significance. One or* the claims of China at the peace conference is. the return of Kiauchau which was occupied by the Germans and, as a German colony, was captured by Japan early in the war. According to semi-official Chi , nese sources in Peking, pressure was brought to bear by Japan to induce the Chinese government to disavow ?the action of its delegates at the peace conference. The Chinese pres ident was reported to have refused to interfere with the Chinese pear delegation in Paris. Market LOCAL. P. G. BO WMaN, cotton Buyer. (Corrected Daily at 12 o'clock Noon). Good middling 24. Strict middling 23 1-2. Middling 23. Low middling 21. ?VKW vokk COTTUxV MATIKFT. Yes-td'ys Open High Low Close Clof Mch . .21.85 22.31 21.85 22.31 22.C May . . 21.05 21.32 20.99 21.32 21.15 Julv . .20.35 20.60 20.32 20.60 20.50 Charity League Entertainment. Mrs. D. H. Kincheloe, reader, whistler, vocalist and pianist, will appear at the Auditorium of the Girls' High School on the evening of Tuesday. March 4th. and " her .-pro-: gram will be one that delights, as she has made a favorable impres sion all over the United States hi Chautauqua work. She is the b?*st ''one woman" entertainer on the plat forms today. Her coming should be the magnet for drawing a big crowd, the proceeds of which go toward charity. Programme. Overture. ? Vocal Solo?Love's Garden of TRoses ?Wood. Reading?"The Midnight Run of the Overland"?John Gilmore. Whistling Solo?Improvation. Mre. Kincheloe. Piano Solo?(a) Arabesque ? De bussy: (b) Persian Song?Burmeister. Mrs. Stuckey. Comedy Sons?Irvin Berlin. Reading?Negro Dialect, 5rcr Washington's Arrangement of Moon shine Whiskey?Trotwood. Negro Dialect?Aunt Maria's First Visit to the City?"Dat Time Money Gct Loss." Mrs. Kincheloe. Mrs. H. M. Stuckey and Miss Ethci Green; accompanists. Barbecue at DalzelL There will be a barbecue and hot supper at Dalzell school house Friday night. March 7 th, for the benefit of the school. The public is cordially invited.?Advt, Washington, March 1.?The senate judiciary committee has unanimously ordered favorably reported the nomi nation of A. Mitchell Palmer as at torney freneral, forshadowing a promp confirmation._ Atop DSLORMJS'S PHARMACY, Sumler, S. C. CNOEK m av management Steaks. Chops. Deviled Crabs, Sal rids. Home Made Pic, Cake and Pud dings. Delicious Sandwiches. Open Daily 10.00 a. M. to 12 P. If. Sunday I-' M. to 9 P. M. Music AH the Time. Dance if Ycu Like. ^