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LOCAL PAPERS [ flEAV|Y_TAXED National Magazines and News papers Subsidized by Postage Rate. I SECOND CLASS POSTAGE RATE RAISED BY SENATE Influence of Big Newspapers and Magazines Overcomes Justice in Fixing the Postage Rates, ? .Washington, Dec. 19.?By adopting the finance committee amendments to the war revenue bill affecting- second class postage and insurance companies . the senate today cleared the way for ?disposal of the few other contested .but. important features remaining. Leaders now fcave increased confidence j of passing the bill before adjourn- j He Ment next Monday. By a vote of 24 to 22 the senate ap proved the committee amendment^ proposing repeal next Jaiy 1 of the' present zone system of second class postage rates and substitution of a *?.te of 1 per cent, per pound within 150 miles and one and one half cents beyond. Most of the day was spent in spirited discussion of this amendment and one by Senator McKellar of Ten nessee for a modified zone plan, which was rejected without a roll call. The senate also approved the com mittee plan for new rates on casualty, fire, marine and other insurance com panies, except^hfe insurance. The new rates, based on premium receipts, are, H| respectively, fire insurance companies 13-4 per cent.; casualty, plate glass and similar companies, 1. 1-2 per eent.,. and marine 2 1-4 per cent, on inland and 13-4 per cent, on export polities. Disposal of these and many minor administrative and working changes left virtually only the income, war ex cess profits, inheritance and luxury ' tax sections to be considered. A substitute for the committee's bill, proposing* large tax increases, principally on the big income and *~ war excess profits, "^as introduced y\ late today by Senator La Follette, who is expected to make a lengthy address tomorrow in its behalf. Sen ator Jones of New Mexico, Democrat, plans to advocate an amendment to continue war profits taxation through 1920 and Senator Thomas of Colo rado, Democrat, is expected to pro pose elimination of the inheritance tax provisions. Disposel ofvthe second class postage section today was regarded as remov ing a considerable obstacle from the billys path. Senator Hardwick of Georgia and McKellar led the fight on the committee amendment which was defended by Senator Smoot of .Utah. Opponents charged . that sec "Vv. . ond class publications are granted a ^^Iatge government subsidy, while Sen ator Smoot decla'red the present-zone system tends to foster undesirable sectionalism and would drive many small publications out of business. On the roll call on adoption of the committee amendment, 13 Democrats and 21 Republicans supported the new periodical rates with 15 Democrats and seven Republicans in opposition as follows: Por adoption: Democrats?Fletcher, Gerry, Henderson, Hitchcock, Jones (N. M-), Kendrick, Martin (Va.), Pol lock, Ransdell, Simmons, Smith (Md.), Swanson and Underwood. To tal 13. Republicans?Borah, Calder, Dfi lingham, Fernald, France, Harding, Johnson of California, Jones of Wash ington, Knox, Lodge, McCumber, Mc Lean, McNary ,Moses, Page, Penrose. Poindexter. Sherman, Smoot, Spencer and Weeks. Total 21. Grand total, for 34. Against ? Democrats: Beckham, Hardwick, Johnson of South Dakota, Kirby, McKellar, Martin of Kentucky, Myers, Nugent. Pomerene. Shafroth, Sheppard, Smith- of Arizona, Thoma3. Trammell, Vardaman. Total 15. Republicans?Curtis, Gronna, Kel logg, Kenyon, La Follette, Norris and Sutherland. Total 7. Grand total, against 22. Senators Sterling of South Dakota. Warren of Wyoming and Watson of Indiana, Republicans, voted for the committe amendment, but because of absent "pairs" withdrew their votes and Senator Gay of Louisiana, Demo crat, announced that he was paired and, although unable to vote for the amendment, favored its adoption. In lieu of the bill's levy of 30 per cent, on the excess corporation's net income over credits and under 20 per cent, of invested capital. Senator La Follette's subsitute prop ses 35 per cent, on profits under 15 per cent, of invested capital. Instead of the bills tax of 60 per cent, on profits in ex cess of 20 per cent., the Wisconsin members propose a tax of 60 per cent on profits between 15 and 20 per ??nt. The La Follette substitute also pro posies to retain the 12 per cent, tax on corporation incomes, but would cut the individual normal rate from 12 tc 2 per cent, and secure the bulk of individual income revenue from sur taxes. It also proposes graduated surtaxes ranging from 5 per cent, on incomes between $6,000 '?and $7.00(> to 78 per cent, on incomes over $100. , ?09* From individual incomes Senator La Follette estimates that his bill would raise $1,784,000,000, compared with *1,432,000,00C estimated under the pending measure. In disposing of the miscellaneous provisions today, the senate adopted eomfrjjjfttee amendment* to give mu tual insurance companies the same ta? privileges as life insurnace compa nies, basing their taxes on net income instead of on policies issued. 8W*?? London, Dec. 17.?The Times' med ical correspondent says there seems tc be reasonable grounds for believing that some 6,000.000 people have died of influenza and pneumonia during the' last twelve weeks throughout the wld. AMERICA WILL PAY WAR DEBT Secretary Glass Confident That Fifth Liberty Loan Will Succeed. PEOPLE WILL CONTINUE SUPPORT OF GOVERNMENT Appeal for Tunds Will Be Made , With Full Confidence That the Necessary Amount Will Be Forthcoming. Washington, Dec. 19.?Confidence that the American people will in no wise relax their efforts towards meet ing the government's immediate finan cial requirements was expressed by Secretary Glass in a statement tonight, practically outlining the policy of the treasury under his administration. Plans for meeting government ex penditures as have been outlined by Former Secretary McAdoo, including the offering of another Liberty Loan, the continuing of the sale of war sav ings certificates and the retaining of organizations, for the sale of such se I curities, will be carried out, he said. "I am sure that the treasury de partment can with confidence offer ! another Liberty Loan," said the state ment, which was addressed to the American people, "and continue the sale of w^ savings certificates, know ing that organizations will respond more to* the call for service and will at once prepare the ground and sow the seed so that the harvest may be abundantly fruitful."^ Government expenditures, includ ing transactions in the principal of the public debt during the current fiscal year up to and induing De cember 16, when Mr. Glass assumed office, have exceeded $9,600,000,000, the secretary said, in reviewing the financial status of the government. Expenditures for November were nearly $2,000 000,000 and for Decem ber up to a^d including the 16th ex ceeded $1,0j0.000,000. The proceeds of the Fourth Liberty Loanl so far received have all been spent, Mr. Glass said, and the remain ing installments will be needed to meet maturing treasury c%triflcates of indebtedness. More than half of the estimated expenditures of - the govern ment for the current fiscal year, re cently placed at $18,000,000,000 by Mrfl McAdoo, have been spent in ^he first five and one-half months. Bills for production of war materials which had reached the peak at the time the armistice was signed, must i be paid and the great expense of de mobilizing the army met. In view of these facts, Secretary Glass said another Liberty Loan must be issued before the end of the fiscal year next June, the sale of war savings stamps and certificates must be pushed most energetically and the habits of thrift formed during the war must be continued. Wants Kaiser Tried Congressman Would Have Our Peace Delegates Instructed to Make Him Answer. Washington, Dec. 18.?William Hohenzollern and his associates, es pecially those responsible for the sinking of the Lusitania, should be tried in a court of nations, ' in the opinion of Representative Louis T. McFadden, Republican, of Pennsyl vania. He wants congress to make this request of President Wilson and the LTnited States Pe-s.ce Commis sioners. Mr. McFadden today introduced a joint resolution, which was re ferred to the Foreign Affairs Com mittee. It provides in part: "That it is the sense of congress that it is the duty of those who represent the United States in the settlement of the terms of peace and other war questions in Europe to co-operate in every lawful means with the allies in bringing to trial anar deserved punishment the late Emperor of Germany and every one associated with him in violation of the law of nations and the commit ting of brutal atrocities in the late war, particularly in the sinking of the Lusitania, entailing the murder of American citizens, men, women and children." Sees Dark Outlook Germany Ruined for Gene rations Says Rathenau. London, Dec. 19.?-Germany is ruined for generations, politically, industrially and economically," Dr. Walter Rathenau, president of the German General Electric Company, is quoted as declaring to the Berlin correspondent of The Daily Express. "It is the greatest calamity that has happened to any country in 2,000 years," added Dr. Rathenau, who is j one of the largest employers of la bor in Germany. "If the indemnities are high we shall have nothing with which to expand our industries and there will be a great tide of emigra tion to South America, the Far East and certainly to Russia. The result will be the Balkanization of Europe." Hun Election Ordered Soldiers and Workmen Decide in Favor of National Assembly. Berlin, Thursday, Dec. 10.?The cortgress of delegates of Soldiers' and Workmen's Council has decided on! election to the national assembly to j be held January 19th. Boston, Dec. 20.?Francis (Silk) Oloughlin, the famous American League umpire, died today from in fluenza pneumonia. THE JUST WAR CLAIMS OF ITALY President Wilson Holds Long, Conference With Italian Statesmen on Subject. - ITALY PREPARING CASE FOR PEACE CONFERENCE I Premier Orlando Lays His Coun-! try's Claims Before President in Full Detail. I Paris, Dec. 2 0.?President Wilson spent most cf today conferring with Italian statesmen and considering the claims that Italy will lay before the peace conference. Premier Orlando and Foreign Min ister Sonnino explained Italy's am bitions in detail. Dater President "Wilson went over with Col. House what be thought should be Italy's just claims. President Wilson in additicr. to con ferences had ?oday with the Italian statesmen, conferred with Andre Tar dieu, French high commissioner to the United States on relief work in France, on economic questions. 2,000 Lose Jobs All Building Construction at Camp Jackson Stops. Columbia, Dec. 20.?Work on the new buildings for the motor school and the extension to the base hos pital was closed down indefinitely yesterday at noon by orders from the war department at Washington, and about 2,000 civilian workmen were thrown out of employment on this ac count, according to Camp Contractor Harry Hann yesterday afternoon. In all, there were about 70 build ings, many of them well under way of construction, on which the wrork was suddenly stopped yesterday. Ali of the work was within the old camp and was one of the largest contracts that had been commenced within the old camp since the camp was built, perhaps. The work on the buildings in the motor school section was commenced some weeks ago and some of thesc were almost completed, while other* were in various stages of construction. A number of these are buildings of large proportion. These buildings were to have been used for the various shops connected with the motor school. > Mr. Hann stated yesterday that h< also had orders* to stack the lumbei and store all machinery and matoria of all kinds. He said that he was now shipping a lot of metal fire proof ing to the camp at Columbus, Ga. which camp, he stated, is to be a per manent camp, as he understands. The train which has been bringing these 2,000 workmen to camp even morning and taking them back to Co lumbia in the evening was discon tinued last night. , Mr. Hann said yesterday that a largt force of men were now at work pilin? up the lumber anil material and Stor ing the machinery, so as it would b< ready for salvage. Mr. Hann stated that work wouk' continue on the sewerage system or the roads and that the two large wa ter tanks, which were comment *d. ai the base hospital some time ago, wil be completed. About l.ooo civiliar workmen will be retained in the camr for the completion of this work. When asked yesterday if it was likely that these buildings on which the work was suddenly stopped yes terday would be resumed at a later date. Mr. Hann said he did not know All he knew was that the work had been discontinued. The fact, however that all lumber is ordered stacked and all machinery and material order ed stored is an indication that this work will not be completed, at leasl not for some time to come. The 2,000 workmen thrown out of employment yesterday are from vari ous parts of the country. They are skilled mechanics of many classes, among them electricians, plumbers J and carpenters. Christmas for Our Boys English People Are Planning to Have American Soldiers and Sailors in Their Homes. London, Dec. IS.?If your son is in France or England at Christmas time you needn't necessarily feel that he is losing' all the joy of life. Perhaps he ) is going to have the opportunity to a real English Christmas. Invitations have been issued to as many American soldiers and sailors as possible in France, through Y. M. C. A. secretaries there, and those in camps and on battleships in Englanu were not forgotten. More than two thousand of them will be entertained for the holidays in London homes ! alone. And on Christmas day 1,500 j more will watch the brandy burning on top of the pudding and eye the roasted pig in families who are to do everything possible to make this holi day one that the American guest wil! always remember. Invitations poured in to the Inter national Y. M. C. A. Hospital League from many farms outside of London, too?from Devonshire, where riding and shooting were offered from Scot land and from Ireland. ! "I want two boys for the whole of their leave," one Irish woman writes. "I am going to give them the kind of Thristmas my boys would have liked if they had not been killed in France.'" I chaxgt: ix shipping. Millions of Tons of Shipping Will J>c Released to Export Trade. Paris, Dec. 20.?Arangements have been made by which a million tons of shipping will be released from the army supply service and diverted -to American export trade to aid home industries in changing from a war Ifo a peace basis. President Wilson's Plans Willi Be Supported By the Allies. IS MOST PRESSING QUES TION FOR SETTLEMENT - Full Co-operation of Allies and Use of Idle German Ships Is j Sought by President. Paris, Dec. 20.?Plans for extend ing relief to the famished people of Europe, which President Wilson re gards as the most pressing question needing settlement, are rapidly ma turing in such a way as to secure the full cooperation of the allies. The use of a great deal rpi German ton nage now lying idie in German ports is contemplated. Loss in Paris By Raids Announcement of the Victims Claimed By Air Bombers and Long Range Guns. Paris, Dec. IS.?Figures are now made public for the first time re garding the number of persons killed during German air raids and by the long range cannon. These statistics relate to the City of Paris only, and not to the suburbs. In 1914, forty-five bombs were dropped. In 1915, seventy bombs: sixty-two of them on March 20, fell j on the city. In 1916 the enemy em ployed sixty-one bombs, and in 1917 eleven. During the last ten months of the war there were 1,211 casualties from 39C bombs. Airplanes and Zep pelins dropped 228 bombs on August 6, killing two persons and injuring 392. The long range cannon fired 16S shells into Paris, killing 196 and wounded 417. On last Good Friday more than 100 persons were killed. America's Wealth WiU Sway Council I Raw Materials and Shipbuilding j Facilities in U. S. to Influ j ence Peace. Paris, Dec. IS.?America's mosi potent weapons in the peace negotia [ tions are its shipbuilding facilities anc . its control of raw materials. " It has become increasingly evident thai ? these will be highly important in th< conferences, from which President ' Wilson hopes to obtain acquiescence in his ideals. Great Britain, it is learned, wouK I like 2,000.000 tons of American buiii " merchant ships, and France woulc " like ? 1,000,000. Both countries an eager to effect an arrangement for dis tribution of raw materials and assur ances against overcharges. * All nation's would appreciate na "! tionalization of America's mor ? chant marine and a share in our raw materials, thus ending America's vir tual domination of the world's mar 1 kets. ' America's plans for building en ; tente merchantmen and pooling raw materials will be withheld until the 1 attitude of ah countries toward the > League of Nations is definitely ascer tained. It should be constantly kept in mind 1 that the president regards the League \ of Nations as the most essential fea ture of the peace treaty. American " participation in the world's politics and commercial activities or return tc ' our former isolation will depend en tirely upon the willingnes of the en tente to enter the league. President Wilson is expected tc ' show that the League of Nations will . eliminate the danger of one Bition inflicting discriminatory freight rates against the others. Security League In Politics Investigation of Activities in Opposing Reelection of Cer tain Members of Congress. Washington, Dec. 19.?Investigtaion of the activities of the National Se curity League of New York, in oppos ing reelection of members of congress during the last campaign began today before a special house committee headed by Representative Johnson of Kentucky. The entire day was taken up with the examination of Col. Charles E. Leydecker, president of the league, but many other officials of the organization will be heard later. Colonel Leydecker told the commit tee that the avowed purpose of the league last fall was to return to con gress men with broad vision ami foresight and "who would be 100 per cent American in their beliefs." "Not to mention any names" Colo nel Leydecker said, "I can safely say that I would have been sorely disap pointed to have to see certain con gresment returned to office. Our ef forts were used against these men. some of whom seemed decidedly pro German, and many were defeated iu some instances by fusion. The actio: of congress as a whole during the great crisis just passed was magnifi cent but unfortunately there wer? certain members whoso loyalty could be questioned. It was those men the league- opposed." FINNS ASK PROTECTION. Finnish Government Api>eals to State Department lor Protection From Bolshcvjki. Washington. Dec. 20.? An appeal for protection from tin- Bolshevik' was received by the State department today from the Finnish government through the American legation ir Stockholm. Hindenburg Working Secretly to Rebuild Great Military Machine. i HE IS NOW ORGANIZING THE PEOPLES' GUARD Claimed That the Army Will Be Stronger Than Ever Under Old Regime. London, Dec. 21.?The German gov ernment has accepted Gen. Hinden burg's plan to form the Peoples' Guard or National Army, according to a Copenhagen dispatch. It is said that the German army, under this plan, will be stronger than ever. AI officers have received instructions t~ keep the details secret. "Women arc to be employed for auxiliary services A Diplomatic Leak - Flow of Spirits Cause Police to Seize Minister Gcnzales's Holiday Trunk. Columbia, Dec; 21.?The pniir Thursday night seized at the railwaj station a trunk of William E. Gen zalcts, minister lO Cuba, containing three quarts of Jamaica rum. one pin of brandy and one quart of gin. The trunk besides the article named contained the diplomatic pa pers of Mr. Gonzales and other be longings. The trunk and its contents are nov being held at the police station, an? their disposition is to be determinet this morning. It seems that the police first be came aware of the contents of th trunk due to the breaking of one o the bottles and the leaking <-i;'l of Ja macia rum, whereupon the trunk wa: seized and taken to the po?er sta tion. There it was opened and the li quors above named with one broke; bottle were found. Minister Gonzales arrived in tlv city several days ago on his way t< Washington and the trunk in ques tion was left at the station. It is un derstood to have been packed by on' of the secretaries of the legation tw? or three weeks before the departur of Minister Gonzales from Cuba t Washington. At that time Mr. Gon zales expected to go to New York di rect from Cuba, but the routing wa changed later because of strikes i. Cuba. lie had stopped off her. to spend Christmas with his fam?y. Flour Rules Cancelled Restriction on Milling Ope. ations Removed. Washington, Dec. 20.?Ca^cellatioi of all flour milling regulations, in eluding fair price schedules and th price and quantity restrictions on th sale of wheat flour by millers, whicl officials expect will result in cheape flour, was formally announced late to day by the focd administration. Notification of the action was tele graphed last ni^ht to all zo?o a.crcnt of the food administration grain cor poration and today there was a shar; rise in the price of wheat, bran an other mill feeds on the Minneapoli market, which officials expect to b followed by a drop in flour prices. Existing regulations restriccin margins of profit on fiour and mil feeds remain in effect as do genera reorganization of the food administra tion prohibiting profiteering, hoard ing and unfair practices and official said these would be strictly enforced The prediction of cheaper fiour t the consumer, it was stated, at th' administration is based on the imrae diate rise today in the price of mil feeds, amounting to sev< ral dollar? ; ton. Close observation of the marke trend in flour and mill feeds, made b the food administration's milling di vision's and grain experts, it was saie showed that with every upward move ment of feeds came a fall in the pric of flour on a basis of an average dro* thi -t; and four hnndredths cents barrel on flour to every dollar a to increase on mill feed. * Will Bear Watching - I Looks Like Camouflaged Ger man Scheme to Gain Foot hold in America. Pasel, Switzerland. Dec. 20.?Amer ica accomplished wonders in the dy industry when German dyes were cv off. Put the Swiss ore going to sho\ America how to make real dyes. j This city has the biggest dye in dustry in the world outside of Ger ' many. The three largest mannfac turers here have formed a eombina tion to go to America in January V establish a huge plant, taking wirl them rich and secret formulas. LODGE DODGES ISSUE. Advocates Postponement <>f Points o' Controversy at Peace Conference. Washington. Dec. 21.?Five o , President Wilson's fourteen principle j were pointed cut by Senator Lodge i; | a speech in the senate :is question . which will lead to division amon; . nations which conquered Germany and which certainly should be post j poned until after the pence confer > snee. They are the first f< i 1 and th !asl points, and relate t<- j^ceret diplo nacy. fredom of the seas, reductioi 1 of armaments, economic barriers, ancf the league of nations. P Paris, Dee. 21.- The preliminar: meeting of the peace conference a' ? Versailles has been postponed until th< beginning of February, at the earliest ' ays Marcel ! Inf in in The Echo di \ Paris, says postponement is due t< hange:* in plans because of President Wilsons visit to England and the re instruction of the British cabine' vhich will occupy 1 loyd George sooi J ts the results of elections are an-J iounced on December 2Sth. | 4 ARMY FORCE IS CUT DOWN Men Being Discharged at the Rate of Thirty Thousand a Day. ,| j GSN. MARCH MAKES RE FORT ON DEMOBILIZATION Gen. Pershing Sends Statement of Repatriation of American Prisoners of War Held by the Germans. Washington, Dec. 21.?With a to tal of nearly one hundred and eighty nine thousand men discharged froni irmy during the week ending Decem ber 14 th, General March announced :hat the war department had about reached the average of thirty thou sand discharges daily for which the .lemobilization plans call. Additional units in this country designated for :-arly demobilization brings the total ;nen selected up to nine hundred thousand. Gen. Pershing has reported th ? .210 American prisoners of war ha^ cen repatriated up to December 16. ;en. Pershing expressed the opinion: hat very few American prisoners re gain in Germany, and believes that hese will be quickly evacuated. The Socialist Trial i __________ Case Against Berger and Other Enemies of Government Not Yet Concluded. Chicago, Dec. 20.?Prof. Robert S. )vett, dean of the Junior College of io University of Chicago, testified to ny for the defense at the trial of ive Socialist leaders charged with -?onspiracy to violate the espionage aw. lie told of a mass meeting at the ?uditorium, Chicago, May 27, 1917, .vhich he was liivited to address by he I lev. Irwin St. John Tucker, one ?f the defendants. Professor Lovett aid he was told the meeting was ;a!led to urge the government to state !ts war aims and that the Rev. Mr. : Tucker did not speak at the meeting wcept to appeal for a collection. Pro "essor Lovett said he requested that ill speeches follow the line of his ad Iress. which Tucker read ? and ap* proved. : The direct examination of J. Loui i Sngdahl, a defendant, who is editor o\ he American Socialist, be^an late to '.ay. Me said he was in sole charge >f .the paper and responsible only t he executive committee of the N&. ional Socialist party. He said he 1 read and approved everything that vas printed in the paper including the St. Louis war program of the pax*? tnd Tucker's pamphlet, "The Prict We Pay." I The policy of the American Social' st was opposed to the war, Engdahl aid. admitting responsibility for thai >olicy, "because of my conviction that ill wars are caused either directly oi ndirectly by economic disputes be ween individuals or groups, and I followed the policy laid down by the international Socialists in framing a '? )Olicy for tie paper." Engdahl said he was a delegate in ' t010 to the International Socialist I "ongress at Copenhagen where the >rincipal question was war and ; militarism. Later he visited Karl ! Liebknecht, in Berlin, and attended a I national convention of German So I ualists. Indications are that the trial will lot be concluded before the latter oart of next week, though Judge Lan^ Iis is trying to hasten the proceeding* o permit the jurors to leave for theii. j ionics for the Christmas holidays. Tiisidioiis Political Plan Yationai Security League Has Programme to Control Gov ernment?Also a Lot , of Money. I Washington. Dec. 20.?Col. Charles _. Lydecker. president of the Nation il Security League, today told the ? muse committee investigating the or I ranizaticn's activities in the last con r rressicnal campaign that the league's \ 'xpenses from December 14, 1914, ' vhen it was formed until last Sep ? ember 30 were $521,67S. Total re i :eipts were given as $619,105, this in ' -hiding membership fees and contri utions from wealthy men. \ Colonel Lydecker told the commit tee that the activities of the league vi 11 not cease with the ending of the var and he outlined a pretentious ?ducation program which, he said, ' 'Ow is under consideration. The committee, which carried ori ? he campaign last fall to return 100 i -er cent. Americans to congress, will ?ontinue its work," said the witness, and will endeavor to accomplish the , ollowing things: . < ' ??Establish a national budget sys en*/. abolish rule of seniority in de* ?rminir.g chairmanships )f commit .^es of congress, abolish inactive com littees. pass a consitutional amend ' ?ient which will make it impossible or defeated candidates to sit in that ?ody. bring about reform of franking ? buses and to have cabinet officers sit n congress." Presorting to the committee rec ords shoeing the league's expendi ures since its organization. Colonel ,ydecker stated the largest disburse ment had been $41 7,152.47 for gen ial expenses and that $13,198.06 had een spent for publications and $37, 53.47 had been placed in six special ? ?counts for conducting campaigns, >aying speakers, purchasing French >ooks for soldiers and the like. The committee adjourned today un 1 January 6 when Colonel Lydecker! .?ill go on the stand again. New York. Dec. 21 .---Bringing horned nore than two thousand American oldiers the British steamship Baltia .; sed Sandy Hook this morning. j