University of South Carolina Libraries
THK STJMTER WATCHMAN, Estab* g Consolidated Aug. 2,1. Advisory Commission Includes1 More Than Score of Quali fied Members. TONS OF D?C?MENTS PLACED ON THE VESSEL , Keeords Prepared for Peace ! Conference Said to Comprise! Collection . of International ? Data Without Parrallel in? History?Inquiry Under Way; for Many Months. ~ j " j New York, Dec. 3.?Striking evi- i dence cf the preparedness of the; American government to enter peace! negotiations was given here tonight in an annoucemet that 2o members; of an advisory commission of experts ! who have made a year's study oi po-! 1-ticaJ and economic conditions in Eu- j rope and Asia will sail with Preside::i j Wilson and his fellow delegates on j the George Washngton. With them will go several tons cf j documents and maps, which, togoth- ; . er-.with other records of their investl-! gatioius already in Paris or on the j vtay, comprise a collection of inter-1 national data said to be without par- j aUel in history. These advisers to the peace com mis- i sibn, who have conducted an exhaust- j ive inquiry into foreign affairs by au - I thority of the president and under! the direction of Col. E. M. House, j American civilian member of the in- i terallied supreme war council and a j delegate to the peace conference, in clude experts in international law,! college professors rated as specialist.* > in the history and politics of various j nations and officers of the military in i teiligence division of the army. Using the building of the American 'Gco- i graphical Society here they have ac [ cumulated, through studies which ? they began in November, 1917. volum- j inous records which, because of the:: great value, have been guarded night J and day. In fact, details of the investigation ; which is known officially as "the iu-'j Quiry," have been withheld from pu:>- j licatiQn 'until its results were -safe or j ship board. Except for occasional pub- j lication of the fact that peace dal? was being assembled by a commis- ! sion directed by Col. House and that j information gained from this source j enabled him, as a member cf the in i temational conference which drafted ; the German armistice terms. "it ! amaze" his associates with his In?i- j ?mate knowledge of European a fairs r the .American people have net been i informed of the activities of an of- : rtcial organization without precede :\ i in the nation's history. . Mere than 150 persons comprised ; the personnel of the inquiry, which! wit* nnanced out of the special erncr- j gency war fund placed by congres; | n> the president's disposal, according j to an announcement by the Gee-j graphical Society. The state and war ; departments cooperated and both will share in future possession of the data. The investigation, it was staled, took the form of "a fact study, con : ducted in a scientific spirit by special ists and scholars, both American and! jCrom various European countries af- j fected Uy the war," and "in order to; give high value to any statuement c.fj fact, the inquiry h.vs been entirely in-" dependent of any political hypothesis.; ? During its progress, the announce- \ ment said, every important national- j ity of Europe and Western Asia son: j representativs for conference with j the commission and numerous secret j documents, together with the texts' of treaties signed during the war. i which never have been published it I full, were assembled. In its final j stages the Inquiry, was centered on territorial matters, and the members] xroing abroad with the president, with i the exception of representatives of the state department, are territorial specialists. Part of the staff in in-: temational law. including David H.! Miller, chairman of the law commit- j tee of the state department, already: is in Europe, it was staled. Among members of the inquiry who . will accompany the president arc: Director. Dr. S. E. Mezes, president of the College of the City of New York. Chief territorial specialist. Dr. j Isaiah Bowman, director of the Amer ican' Geographical Society. Specialist on economic resources.! Allyn A. Young, head of the depart- ? ment of economics at Cornell CJni versity. j Charles H. Raskins, dean of the graduate school of Harvard Univer sity^ specialist on Alsace-Lorraine and Belgium. Clive Day, head of economics de partment at Yale, specialist en tin Balkans. W. E. Lunt, professor of history' at Haverfcrd College, specialist in North ern Italy. P. H. Lord, professor of history al Harvard, specialist on Russia and Poland. Charles Seymour, professor of his tory at Yale, specialist cn Austria Hungary. ' W. L?. Westermann, professor of history at the University of Wiscon sin, soecialist on Turkey. G. L. Beer, formerly of Columbia University, specialist on colonial h's ton'. Cartographer, Mark Jefferson, ivo fessor of geography at Michigan State Normal College. *&ed April, 1850. 88L 8" Transport George Washington Got Under Way at 10:50 This Morning. DELEGATES CAME FROM CAPITOL ON SPECIAL TRAIN President Wilson Left in High Spirits and Was Looking For ward to The Trip Across As a Needed Rest. New York, Dec. 4.?President Wil son sailed today for Europe to partici pate as one of the five representatives of the United States to the peace con ference in France, on the transport Gorge Washington which gor under way at 10.50 this morning. IIw spe cial train arrived at I-Ioboken at 0.30 A. M.; where a picturesque reception was tendered the pj-esident, Mrs. Wilson, Secretary Baker, Secretary Lansing and Private Secretary Tu multy and others of the party. President Wilson and his wife had breakfast alone in the private din ing room which is a part of his suite. The latter took a stro.! on the ship's deck. The president was in high spirits and said he ioooked forward to the voyage as a rest. The president remarked that there might be an "enforced rest for a fov? days." thus acknowledging the rem; tation for being a poor sailor. The ship will take the southern route t;; avoid cold temperatures. As the vessel swung into the North River on a voyage unprecedented m American history, President Wllser. and his wife stood on the flying bridge, the highest point to which passenger. climb and the army band ashore play ed "Over There." As the fleet started down the bay a squadron of airplanes dropped fr?".r the c-ouds and executed a series of daring loop.*; above the shipj Tlr presidential fleet passed quarantine at 11 o'clock. Senator Mann Re alizes G.-O. P. Danger He Warns Republicans Against Concerted Effort to Embar barrass President. Washington, Dee. ::.--Iru a state men: today declaring that factional strife should, not be permitted to in terfere with 'the president's mis ?or abroad. Etepreseniative Mann, ,th< Republican leader of the houso. said there would be no concerted effort on the part of house Republicans to "embarrass Ihe president" and that he did not. believe the American peo ple would "tolerate any meddling." Dutch Stop Exports Policy of Reprisal Against Ger many Adopted on Account " Stoppage of Coal Shipments. London, Dec. 3.?The Dutch govern ment has decided tu step all export; to Germany in reprisals for the stop page of the export of German coal to Holland, according to an Amsterdam dispatch. Roland B. Dixqm professor of eth nology at Harvard. Maj. D. AY. Johnson. Columbia Uni versity. Maj. Lawrence Martin. University of Wisconsin. Cai-t. W. C. Farabee, the University M useura, Philadelphia. Capt. Stanley Hornbeck, author on contemporary politics in the Far East. The four last named are officers oi the military intelligence service as signed to the inquiry for special prob lems on strategy, economics am! eth nography. The inquiry, the Geographical So ciety's statement said, grew out of a conference between President Wilson and Colonel House in September, 1017. Tt was soon evident that the scope of the investigation would demand not only a personnel of size and quality hitherto unknown in any .such work but headquarters where safety, fro:-.; enemy activity, of records and secret documents could be assured. This problem was solved when the Amci i can Geographical Society placed it?, building and part of its staff,'includ ing its director, at the disposal of the inquiry, without cost. The c-n-to graphic force of the American Geog raphical Society, augmented by gov ernment aid. began a map making programme hitherto without precedent in this country, all work being care fully drawn from the latest and fcesi sources. A series of b:'.s<> maps and block diagrams, said, to be the most nf-uHy complete in existence, was prepared bearing upon all the geographic:;; problems of the war and of peace. Upon these base maps the p<v c? commissioners, by use of colored lines may immeditaely hive :: map showing new strit'x lines, ethnic **nii??d??"*iAs? r> rectified frontier, or a distribution of any sort and at the signing of the treaty of ponce, a complete record of the new map of Europe. im2 Fear not?Let all the ends Thon Ain JMTEB/S. G., SATTJBD. Secretary Daniels Announces Reduction of More Than Bil lion Dollars in Estimates. PREVIOUS ESTIMATE WAS j. FOR WAR PROGRAMME Democratic Administration Has Adopted Programme of Econ-1. omy in Government Expend:-; tures And No Money Will Be , Wasted. i Washington, Dec. 5.?More than s 1 'billion dollars have beer, ciu from! the navy's estimates of expenditure - ? for the coming fiscal year, Secretaryi Daniels disclosed today. The estl- I ? mates sent to congress Monday wer? ' based on the ?war program. Cheap Glycerine United States Chemists Discover j New Synthetic Process of Fermentation of Su gar. j . ??-...) ? Washington. Dec 4.?Chemist3 in ? i government employ have developed a \ j new synthetic process cf making glycerine by fermentation of sugar at j j low cost, which officials say will revo ; ?ut:onize ? production. This secret, I carefully guarded while the war! ; lasted, was disclosed today in ; j ! treasury report. ; In a little laboratory in the trcas ! ; ury building, chemists worked for; j months on information reaching the I ; government last year that Germany ? i by producing glycerine through a fer- ; mentation process was able to turn j out explosives requiring gi'cat quan- i 1 ritio-; of glycerine in spite of the j j scarcity of fats. The process was tried ou: on ??? j ' 'arg- seal.- and found to be cohimer- ! - ciaily profitable. Then the secret was j 1 conveyed to allied governments and tr- j j manufacturing chemists who pr >? ' riose to undertake commercial e~p!cl-j ; tation cf the process. ?A Terrorist' Revoititioit |: Liebknecht With Fifteen Thous and Radicals at His Back Starts Trouble. Paris. Dec. A terrorist revolu !.:c}i undei the leadership of Dr Liebknecht, the radical Spciajif.t. j broke out in j erl'n Friday ,tvor.in .. according to advices received fronr ; Zurich. The reports say that Liebk j necht has a force of fifteen thousanc ? armed men. Troop Ship Arrives Fourth Transport With Troop: From England Reaches - New York. New York. Dec. 5.?The British transport Orea, with 1,922 American | troops aboard, arrived today from Liverpool. She is the fourth trans port to arrive with returning soldiers. Paris Prices Soar Hotels Triple Their Rates and Food Also High. Paris, Tuesday, Dec. 4.?Pa ris is I filled to overflwing. Prices at all ho tels and for rooms, following the requisitioning cf twenty-five hotels for peace conference purposes, have dou - bled and tripled and still rising. Food and ( ther prices are similarly mount ing. Nothing From Wilson No Official Message Reached ^ Washington This Morning. Washington, Dec. 5.?No official word has come early today to th< White House from the transport on j which President Wilson is crossing < the ocean, nor has the navy depart- ] ment heard from Admiral Mayo, co:.;- ; manding the convey.' ?5 Mail Uniforms Back Enlisted Men Return Clothing in c Four Months. t Washington, Dec. 4.?Enlisted men discharged from the army will be re quired to return to the government within four months the uniforms, in iy which they leave camp. Army zone supply o'fficers, Gen. March, chief of staff, announced today, will receive this equipment and .-ill troops will be v supplied at the time of discharge wit:' < (ranked labels for, the return cf unl r forms by mail. * o Glass Nominated A His Name Sent to The Senate To-Day. Washington. Dec. 5.?Representa tive Carter Glass was nominated today by the president to be secretary of the p treasury. a ?'t ?t be thy Conn try's. Thy God's ss &.Y, DEOEMBEE, 7, 191! I?aw??i mi i ifirff-ar The President Spent * Greater J Part fo Day at Work in His Office. ANSWERED PILE OF LET TERS AND TELEGRAMS In the Afternoon Received Calls From Officers Aboard, Includ-j ing French and Italian Am bassadors. : On Board Unite:? -States .Ship. George Washington, pec -5.?Presi- j dent Wilson spent most of the first! day at sea working in the office part . of his suite. After acknowledging j the greetings of friends received asj the ship put to sea. he turned to the pile of letters and telegrams. In the. afjserhoon he rested, and later reeeiv- | cd calls from the officials aboard, in- I eluding the Italian and French am- j bassadors. i An Arctic Winter American Troops in Russia Frozen in For Next Seven Months. London, Dec. i.?American truops j in northern Russia will be "frozen: in" for the next seven months and; throughout that period will need all; the comforts afforded the bulk of the American Expeditionary Forces j thoughout- hostilities, Robt. L. Ewing, j chief secretary of the American Y., H. C. A. announced at a gathering of ? secretaries, it was learned today. M. j Ewing shares with E. C. Cooper the; general supervision of the Y. M. C A. work overseas. The increased peace time activities] of the Y. M. C A. and the need ofl continued public support were evi-! denced by the fact that this woe::; there sets forth from England to Rus- j sia an expedition of twenty American ! Y. M. C. A.' secretaries with 355 tons' of supplies, presumably enough to f last for seven months. For this work ( %l 50,000. was appropriated, pursua.vt j to word from American Ambassador i David L. Francis who realizes the vi- ; tal importance of increased "Y" ac- j tivity to keep up the morale of the i American soldier.1: in northern Rus sia. Particularly is ihis work need-j ed now that the armistice has been! signed. Soon after the party lan !sj ?3u* Pert of Archangci will : reeze ov*r. 1 after which nCne of the American j soldiers stationed there can leave it j for at least seven months. "Keeping up the morale of the American soldiers in Russiafis just: as vital as it is in Franco or Great ? Britain," .?;aid Chief Secretary-Ewing, addressing ;d gathering of department ' heads. "'This is just one of the many! calls that will make our peace time.' program larger and more urgent, cad-! ing for greater" funds and greater' support." Charleston's Luck Completion of Dry Dock and ; Deepening of Channel Are Certain. Washington, Dec. 4.?As a TCsult of ; a conference held by Senator Smith j, and Mayor Hyde with the Secretary j ] of the Navy and the Secretary of War I < l decision was given that both the con - j 3 struction.of the big dry dock and the; < deepening of the forty-foot channel | < from the navy yard at Charleston to | < the sea would be considered as per-1 mancnt works and in no way temper-1 ; ary or guided by results of the! war. This information was very ] pleasing to both Senator Smith and! ] Vir. Hyde, the former so id today and | neans much for Charleston. i\ Enih of Turkey (oung Turks Party Has Sys- \ tematfcalJy Debauched Country. J London, Dec. 5.?In the last four c ?cars the Turks, under orders of the I committee of union and progress e laved one their bes! to ruin Turkey e tnd have succeeded ''extremely wed " ?' ays the Constantinople correspondent -! )f The Morning Post, in describing v be corruption and misery of Turkey, a le said that three millions had been c nassacred and another million was >n the verge of starvation this win- b er. f Riots in Cologne lachine Guns Used to Disperse Hungry Mob. Copenhagen, Dec. .".?Machine guns ire re .used to suppress food riots in Cologne Tuesday, according to report : caching here. There were n numl. f casualties in the ranks of the em oust rants. Peru Seeks Loan merican Rankers Asked to Furnish $33,600,000. d Lima, Dec. :".?It is reported that 'era has asked American hankers for ?ii loan of $33,600,000. tu hi Trat*'?." THE TBU1 -T 3. Pour Thousand Men Represent ing Every Brauch of Indus try Meet at Atantic City. SECRETARY REDFIELD AND CHAS M. SCHWAB SPEAK Chief Topics Considered Were Reconstruction Problems and Readjustment of Business and Labor Under Peace Con ditions. Atlantic City, X. J., Dec. i.?Four thousand men representing virtually every branch oi" business and indus try in the country, assembled here to uiiy i:i a reconstruction eongreSs, il= u.-ned to messages on readjustment problems delivered by Sccieutry xied neld, Charies M. Schwas, head o? thc teimenem Steel Corporation and di rector general of the emergency fleet corporation, and iiarry a. vVheeier, president of the chamoer oi com uierce of the United States. Mr. Wheeler amid great appiause urged that American business should oe represented at the peace confer ence in France. Mr. Schwab made an appeal for a great merchant marine to give, outlet to surplus American products and declared piat labor* .hcuiu be permitted to organize in in dividual plants and share in the pros perity of the country. Secretary Ked iieid said that no rash hands should be laid on wages; that the proper spirit of trade is not excessive profits, but service, and that American business men should take into account moral va.ues when dealing with his custom ers in all lands. There is some -'talk here tonight that a committee of American busi ness and industrial men might be sen-. to Europe during the peace nego tiations. Secretary Redtield ? prefaced his s:>eeeh with the statement that his re marks were not to be taken as an ...T.cial announcement. "I am r.ionj and more impressed,'' said he, "in reading current discussions and re ffecting upon 'them with the truth that readjustment is very largely a statt of mind?that it requires not so mucb a program of a fixed line of proce dure as an evolution.- While we ar< discussing it the process of readjust ment is proceeding almost silently all about us." He made a plea that a helpful hand be extended to the countries that suf fered through the rutIiles.-Jie.-ss of the central powers. Mr. Schwab's appeal for a merchant marine struck a responsive chord. A great merchant marine is essential for the ultimate success of the Ur.iter; States, ho said, and its successfu operation is not for the benefit of an: one man or class of men or any one branch of business, but for the goc<: of every citizen of the country. "I do not care," he declared, '"what plan may be best for the operation of these ships so long as they arc operated economically and so long a the expense- of operation is borne by Lhe whole people. No American ship ping can be successful or enlist pri vate capital tofcay, as shipping is now operated." Speaking on private ownership of ndustries, Mr. Schwab said: ".The real development o:' any Jreat enterprise depends upen the in dividual initiative of the American business man. I do not believe we will jver get the full economical develop ment of any great branch of Aroeri san industry that is not developed un ler private enterprise and by private! capital." j Taking up the question of labor, i Vir. Schwab said: '"I am one of the men who be ieve in the fairness of American la-j >or. I am one of the men who be ieve that the only foundation upon vhich anything can permanently rest; s the economic use of everything, j vhether it bo labor, material, manuf acture or what not. Any foundation >f organized labor or capital that is >n faise bases must fall. We started , n some 20 years ago on n series of ' ixploitations that many people called rusts and there were many such oncems organized that had as their vrime motive the artificial idea of ?ither restricting production or in reasing the selling price. You have con them, one after another, far! 1 nd fade away. Tliat was on ai( irrong basis. Our congress realized1' nd rightly and justly took steps to ' orrect it. , ?'What has been true of cinila! wib I e equally true of labor and there- i ore the education of the American : iboring man ^nust be to have him i ealize that ".is permanency and sue-; s ess and tr success of the nation wib i epend upon labor condil;ons and t ipital conditions that are founded on t ?onomic principles first of aU. t "I am not opposed to organized la- t or. i believe that labor should or- j anize in individual plants or ! m.ongst themselves for the better no- s Dtiation of labor and the protection i f their own rights: but the organ- t .ition and control of labor in indi- .1 dual plants and manufactories, to v mind, ought to he made repre- 1 ?ptativo of the people in those ants who know the conditions. o "Tn tin1 years gone by, T seriouslv a vufct many times if labor has rccoiv- e ' jts f'tir sb?rc of the prosperity sj iis great country. We. as manufac- ti xers, have got to open our eyes to a u J SOCTHBON, EitaWtehed Jans, WQi Vol. XLVII. No. 33. ! t Cotton Exchanges Should Be I Closed to Stop Manipulation of Cotton Prices. I - " . s| KEEP SPOTS AND FU TURES ON A PARITY Bureau of Markets Has Power to Force This Party By Re ' quiring Southern Markets to Quote Correct Difference in : Grades. -. Columbia, Doc. 5.?Agitation has been started to have the cotton ex j changes of the country closed, unless I they are so regulated as to keep spots and futures on proper parity. The t'oilowing is the,position of D. R. Co ke:-, leading farmer of thes State, in ;a telegram to Gov. Manning, who is j chairman of the cotton holding move j men:.. Mr. Cot: er also having taken the ? matter up with Secretary Houston of I the department of agriculture: 'T am' in favor of closing cotton ex i changes permanently unless they are r &o regulated as to keep spots and f*u ; tures on proper parity, thus affording an actual market for both buyers and: i sellers. I believe if proper parity,were i restored and guaranteed, so that I Southern interests would-have conn i dence in exchanges, the situation. ! would quickly correct itself by South ! ern buying of contracts. I believe the i bureau of markets has this power to ! force this parity by forcing Southern I markets to quote correct difference i on lower grades. I believe properly j regulated ex changes necessary to sa? ! isfactory conduct of cotton business; j but no exchanges would be preferable '. to present chaotic condition. I am in ; favor of shutting out low grades from i delivery and making ^deliveries on ! contract at Southern markets. Am ! wiring Houston." .? ? The agitation is part of the effort j of the committee of 15 recently ap \ pointed to direct the holding move I inent in South Carolina for 35 cents, I basis middling. A.C. Summers, com ; missioner of agriculture, commerce ; and industries, is following up the i agitation to hold .in other cotton' ; States. Some of these are organiz j ing as are the farmers in South Caro j lina.. The following has'heej^-fec^lv ! ed from Fred W. Austin, commis sioner of agriculture in Texas: "Pushing cotton holding movement j for .35 cents. Have organized 2,500 I farmers' institutes. Field force going i every day and report strong holding movement. Texas will do its best. Let j us cooj orate closer than ever before." I Governor Hobby of Texas tele-' : graphs: "I r...i advised that farmer* i and business men of the State are holding cotton. Bankers are opti-' ! mistic and are aiding them to hold." The commissioner of agriculture in ? Arkansas 'is conducting a holding movement through the press with very j satisfactory results. The farmers are i holding, he says: i The legislature of Florida has pass j ed a joint resolution, asking Charles ! J. Brand to make permanent order, urohibiiing further importation of eottroi from Egypt, and memorahzed banks to make loans to farmers .through federal reserve system and allied banks. Remaking the Map Different Nationalties of Cen tra! Europe Seeking An Understanding. Paris, Dec. 5.?Representatives of; the Polish, Jugo-Siav, Rumanian and Czecho-Slovak national councils are in session here to study the problem of the roo.-ganization of central Europe, The statement issued declares that only by a thorough and permanent understanding between these four na tions can future peace be maintained. Cummings Fails Senate Committee Rejects Plan to Send Committee to Paris. Washington. Dec. 5.?By a unani mous vote the senate foreign rela ions committee today, disapproved 31* the Cummins resolution proposing o send a senate committee to Paris. ii mi ijnimr^iT.?ii???i*wMM?a?a????? ;vider vision of the present and the uture with reference to t our work men. We have sot to devise ways md means by which capital and la >or that have so often been termed ynoncmous shall share equally, not n theory but in practice. We have^ rot to devise ways and means of ed ition. We musi*nct only talk about hese things but we must do these hings. We. have got to realize that nany unjust demands will be mado y labor as they probably have been iadc by capitalists and employers in he past. Th is one of the lessons his rrent war has taught us?true rmoeraey." Bernard M. Baruch, chairman of h-> war industries board, in a Setter end to the congress said the* can elation of contracts does not meari repudiation of contracts. "The gov rnment will not, I am sure," he lid. "take from industry of the coun ?y anything to which it is entitled to nder each and every contract."