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$ |l yOlatcJjnun mi Souljjron. rubltMlteil \\cdnc*dny and Saturda ?BY? OSTtlK.X I'l III IsMI V. cdMI'AX) si Mil |[, >. C. Terms: ? I.AO per aiiiiiiin?In advance. Advertisements. Ont Square Hrst insertion .. . .|1.0( Kvery subsequent insertion.&t Contracts for three months, 01 longsr will be mads at reduced raten All communications which sub. serve private Interests will ho char**! for as ad\9rtlsenien' a ohltuuries and tributes of respect win !>? charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found? ed In 1*50 and the True Southron tr IMC. The Watchman and 8outhror has the combined circulation ami influence of both of the old paper* ?0 I is manifestly the best advertising medium in Sumter. A RKRlOt'S MATTER. The work of food conservation is IM lb.it should cii'inr.'.-! the atten tlon of every thlnkliiK man and wo? man and admit* of no OSSjlSel H.?over. who I ?? p. t f. s-a that the ask of bearing homo to the people the necessity of food conserva? tion Is a man's w ?rk. and a Pig man's work at that. Just about one out of each one hundred of our people seem to restffcss this necessity. The time* are prosperous; products are bringing big prices, work, that is man power. is In demand and i* bringing large pay. In the midst of pl? gt]| few can realise that want is lurking behind. It Is the disposition of the usu il man and woman to let others utter d to public matters and public move? ments* Let George do it" is the idea "Mure, that's a good thing." says r;u h to himself but 1 gue ;s somebody elre will look after It." Are you one of that kind. Of I I you one of the few who will sacriti :e yourself, you. business, your time. 09*4 will help? Host probably you are one of tin selfish and careless many. Wh> not change your habits and help with tho work taat will bOffOfll the many? That will benefit you? The real reason Is because you have never thought Think ohout It .some. The wheat, the meat, the sugar | I I the fats of America and of her allies are not enough by onc-tlfth. I'.v ?mixing one-tlfth. or by substlUt Ing one-tlfth. there will !*? a plenty. It Is this that tho government is tgfctflg of each and of all of us. The Kuropean nations have biead cards and n i ds Their govern? ments decree how much each Int'l vblual shall have. Free America does not wnn'? the card system Installed here. Our armies, our tig ding men. ar?? going to bo maintained In comfort, i.o matter whether we stay-at-home* gjpggf fat or grow thin. Shall we control the fond suprl.\ ourselves, or shall we have It cou tro b?d for u* I You wb<? have n son In service, are are you willing to leave undone this little bit that you can do? fSJSj gdjM afS at home enjoying your usual life while your aotgdjbOf is tearing arms, are you unwilling to help at all? The rood conservation 0001pal g0 Is to bring home t> all the absolute at resaity of this patriotic cooperation. The campaign Is now on. Will yon help? Are you a slacker | l,ee County t'ulr. The Lee County Pair Associated hav* opened all the departments of the fair to be held at Ihshopvillc. N i vember 2*. 29. 30 and Dee. 1 to all the adjoining counties, and gstssroi to have all her sister counties exhibit. The premium list can be obtained by h* tiding your name and addre** on a postal card to W. K. Scarhorugh. P#S> retury. Hlshopvllle. S. C. The I.e. < oontv I'nr HI one of the few COUOt) fairs that has opened it* department lo other counties The horse and mule cattle, swine and po iltry depart merit are open to the. world. The grounds havr been enlarged additional building's er m ted. and ai preparation made to accommodate un and all exhibits. The horae shOVf pmi ii*c* to be th? birge*t ever held in the State Manj entries have b. en received from tin best show horse owners In the coun trv. The show ring is the large*! It I he State. A future of the fair will he th? running arid trotting raceg every day OOI* iioisF/s hk. jotl, IttilOff of Hie World From the IWgiu BkflSJ Only u rart of It. The history of the world from its I' Miotr.st beginning, with special at Icnlion to all collateral l.ran.hcs. side eddies, adventures largefy begun that came to small endings, questions of every nature, social, politic.i , and re? ligious, and much profound inquiry into the nature of main, all these are not merely germane to the work Colo nel House has undertaken but arc Imperatively a part of it. He is to prepare the ?'case." all t te multi? tude of cases, for the American poaoe cominisslone-s who will have seats at the council table of the nations when the deftnlt? treaties are to be drawn up that will restore peace to the world. Lttd Salisbury wa? the one man ja Kuropc who really did master the Sc hleswig-Holstein question. In his i?iiperishable and unreadable work on those provinces all needed information can be had as to the right! and wrongs of the scandalous intrigue .am! the war that made them a part of the Oar man empire. So that will be easy. Alsace-Lorraine will demand much delving into Frankish history, but a year or two ought to suffice Committees of the Congress of Vienna worked weary months over Poland and the line that was to divide. Pros sia from Russia. The general disposi? tion to give the Poles their inde pendence will much simplify the tank of the peace conference and of Col? onel House In that quarter. Put th* Falkau readustments. the future of the Jugo-Slavs ? there is a lifetime Of labor. Shall Posnla and Herzegovina be made a part of Serbia, and what Is to be done abot the Czechs am' he Croats1, about Bulgaria's gains In the second Ha Ik an war, about Ga li ia, liessarabia, the Dobrudja and Albania? Fortunately, the Sunjak Of Xovi-Pazar has- been absorbed ami will give Colonel House no trouble. Hut Armenia, Indeed the whole ques tlon of the Turk in Europe and of the future status of the Dardanelles, that will require much investigation and profond study, if the Amer? ican commissioners are to be fur? nished with Information of such full? ness that they will be able to hold their own in the conference dis? cussions with gray-beard statesmen and professors who have thought of nothing else all their lives. The American position on all theso questions. If an American position Is to be taken, will have to be based on i some predetermined principle, policy, or body of doctrine. Empiricism in a peace conference, particularly in this one, would oe an unsatisfactory basis of action. The pacifists, who, con? sciously or unconsciously, are laboring to save enough of the German Im? perial power to BOrVg as a continuing menace to the peace of the world, try to find crumhs of comfort in the language cf the president's reply to fin Hope He said that we should deem Inexpedient "punitive dam? ages, the dismemberment of empires, the establishment of selfish and eco? nomic leagues." Self-interest and the common sense of the world will avert the folly of selllsh economic leagues; the assessment of punitive or even compensatory damages upon the ccn tral power* will be eliminated by the somewhat important fact that the* will be too poor to pay thoir exLstlng debts. Hut conditions do not sanctlo.. the strict interpretation which the pacifists would too gladly put upo: the phrase "dismemberment of em? pires." The restoration Of Alsacc-Lor i laine to France Is- an indispensabl. {condition to peace, but that would oh Jvioualy Involve an act of dismember ment. So would the detachment o Hosnia and Herzegovina from Austria, i Hut it wo jld be monstrous to permit ,the Dual Monarchy, after her defeat ?in a war which she was instrumenta in bringing on. to retain, against th will of their people, these two prov? inces grabbed by her less than ten years ago by an act which was a de bunt breach of a treatv based upon the Joint pledge of all the great Eu? ropean nations. The pacifists, here visibly working in the interest of Germany and ap? parently determined to leave the way open for future wars, are particularh sensitive about the Turk and the Dar? danelles They insist that the unfor? tunate Turk must be left In full en? joyment of his estate. That is in? conceivable. Argument against the expulsion of the Turk from Europe disregards the teaching <>f ntnrles of history. limits nil morals and the com mom st < ui eh r 11 ions of humanity. H is unlikeiy that the pea? e outerencc win renew the Turk's lieenae to Con? tinus his ear SCI Of murder and gtfOC I Ity. s<? th'- more diligent Colonel lions and his o >rps of assistants show them i selves to he in equipping the Anna ? nan commissioners with hlatorlcul I material the less likely it is that t) 6 commissioners will insist upon i point of view that will pleaas the pro German pacifists In tin:, country. ? Our European allies. after all. ai> going to havs something h sej nboul the teritorial readjustments, dlsmom boriiionts mill other questions that wii oeoupy the attention of the conference The Unltde states can not determine them all.?New York Times. The KOUth is Solid. According to the estimate of the Manufacturers Kecord, the total value of the agricultural output of the South this year will be considerably over 16,000.000,000. That is a stupen? dous total. The gain in value of this year's crop over last year's is * 1,100, 000,000. To get an idea of how enor? mous are the South's agricultural con? tributions- to the wealth of the nation, consider the statement that this year they amount to a billion dollars more than the entire country produced sev? enteen years ago. The Manufacturers Itecord analyses the agricultural out? put of the South for th:s year as fol? lows: 'The value of the South's cotton crop of l!?l?;p including seed, was $1, 117,111.000, as reported by the United States Department of Agriculture. The total value of the cotton crop, including seed, for 1917, as reported by the New Orleans- Cotton Exchange, was 11,413,000,000, it Is difficult to make an estimate which will be con? servatively safe as to the value of this year's crop, in view of the uncertainty SS to the yield and the wide fluctua? tions which have recently taken place, without at the same time minimizing the great possibilities in the value of this crop. It is, we think, entirely safe to estimate the value of this year's crop of cotton and seed at $1, 700,000,000, with the chance of the value largely exceeding this, and it cotton should command the prices de? manded as a minimum by the growers the total would exceed $2,000,000,000 "The total grain crop of the South is nearly 1,600,000,000 bushels, which will probably exceed in value $2,350, 000,000. "The potato crop, sweet and whit* potatoes, will figure up between $180,- | 000,000 and $200,000,000. | "The hay and tobacco crop can safe? ly be estimated at between $4 50,000, 000 and $500,000,000, but even this would be a small increas-e only over last year's value of hay and tobac? co. "The total value of the livestock products of the South two years ago was over $1,000,000,000, and with the high prices prevailing this amount may lie exceeded by 20 to 25 pel cent. "This section is shipping to the North and West of potatoes, vege? tables and fruits, oysters-, fish and other food products over $200,000,000 and the total value of stich diversified agriculture as fruits and vegetables, etc., Including these shipments to the North* will this year be at least $650, 000,000. "Thus the grand total of the South's agricultural output for 1917 will con? siderably exceed $6,000,000,000 and may easily run several hundred mil? lion dollars above that figure. "It is true that the increased cost of everything which enters into farm? ing has added largely to the cost of raising these crops, but the margin of profit is still sutllclently great to bring to this section enormous wealth. "Last year's cotton crop, selling at over $1,400,000,000, following a crop of the preceding year valued at $1, 357,000,000, has put the cotton grow? ing Interests of the South In a stronger financial position than in the last 60 years, and added to this- unusual con? dition is the fact that the South has increased Its corn production by about 300,000,000 bushels over 1916, or about, one-half of the total Increase of corn In the Cnited States. "These figures-, of course, are based j to some extent on the forecast of the Department of Agriculture for August and September and there will be slight variations when the total yields are finally reported at the end of the year. The difference, however, will not be sufficiently great to make any marked change in the broad survey of the situation." The "solid South" has been a poli? tical term heretofore, but with such 'crops it will also be financially true. All that is needed to make and keep the South the richest section of this country' is- scientific and co-operative marketing so that the profits of South? ern agriculture come to our farmers and do not go to exploiters. THE COAL SITCATIOX. I'uel Commission Issues Orders to Regulate Distribution, Washington, Oct. 11,?Orders to insure an Increased -supply of coal ? ais and an equitable flour of fuel to railroads have been deter nined upon by the fuel commission. A series of orders provide for the distribution of coal on a priority basis and regulate the movement of coal co">. Prices to lie Advanced. Washington, t let. 11 The fuel administration today announced thai an upward revision of OOal ?rlCSS iu certain Kentucky, Tennessee and Vir? ginia district Is considered uecis Saiy lO meet Increased dSlttSUdS. NEW POSTAL HOLES. INCREASE IM RATE Ol PONTAGE WILL GO INTO EFFECT ON NOVEMBER S. Instructions as to Changes Huvo Been Received From Postmaster General. Orders have been received at the local postotbee regarding the Increase in postal rates, which is one of the means adopted by the United States for raising revenue with which to meet the expenses of the war. The orders, of course, are of direct and vital interest to every class of the public, and it is the desire of the post office department to disseminate as widely and as quickly as- possible knowledge of the changed procedure which, beginning on November 2, must be followed by all who use the mails. The following excerpts from the olli cial daily bulletin of orders affecting the postal service set forth concisely the most important changes of which the public must take note: Order No. 775: Section 399, postal laws ami regula? tions, is amended to read as follows, effective November 2, 1917. 399. Upon all matters of the tirst class . . . postage shall be charged . . . at the rate of three cents for each ounce or fraction thereof, and drop letters shall be mailed at the rate of two cents per ounce or fraction thereof, including delivery at letter carrier offices. (Acts of March 3, 1885, and October 3, 1917.) Note?A drop letter is one address? ed for delivery from the office at which it is- posted. There is no drop rate on any matter except letters . . . Section 100, postal laws and regula? tions, is amended to read as follows, effective November 2. 1917. 400. Postal cards shall be transmit? ted through th* mails at a postage charge of two cents each, including, tho cost of manufacture. (Aits of March 3, 1879, and October 3, 1917. Section 402, postal laws and regula? tions is amended to read as follows, effective November 2, 1917. 402. It shall be lawful to transmit by mail at the postage rate of two cents apiece, payable by stamps to be affixed by the sender, and under such regulations as the postmaster general may prescribe, written mes? sages on private mailing cards, such cards to be sent openly in the mails, to be no larger than the size fixed by the convention of the Universal Postal Union, (and to be approximate? ly of the same form, quality and weight as the stamped postal card now in general use in the United States. (Acts* of May 19, 1898, and October 3, 1917.) A. S. Burleson, Postmastsr General. From the office of the third assistant j postmaster general comes the follow? ing letter of instructions: "Washington, Oct. 3, 1917. Pursuant of the foregoing amended i regulations postmasters shall, on and after November 2, 1917, see that post? age is- paid at the rate of three cents an ounce, or fraction thereof, on let? ters and other first-class matter ex? cept drop letters. All drop letters, that is, lcttors mailed for delivery from tho office at which posted, in? cluding those for delivery by city, ru? ral or other carrier of such ollice, are required to have postage paid on them at the rate of two cents an ounce, or fraction thereof. Post cards are re? quired to be prepaid two cents, and, therefore, the one-cent postal cards must have a one-cent stamp atllxed to them in addition to the stamp im? pressed on such cards. Post cards (private mailing cards) bearing writ? ten messages must have two cents postage prepaid on them. Postmas? ters at offices of address shall be care? ful to rate up with the proper amount of postage due all mail matter reach? ing their office with the postage in? sufficiently prepaid. . . . "A. M. DocUcry, "Third Ass't. P. M. Gen." Another letter of Instructions con? taining information of importance Is tho following from the office of the first assistant postmaster general: "Washington, Oct. 5, 1917. "Postmasters: "Chvistimus parcels intended for our soldiers, sailors and marines in France should be accepted only at the main postoffice and classified stations, but not at contract stations. It is neces? sary that each parcel be opened and inspected, in accordance with section 409 of the postal laws and regula? tions, ami then marked, 'Inspected and passed by-. Postmaster.' All ar? ticles not prohlhited in the domestic parcel post may be accepted when paoked according to regulations, but special attention should be given to RUB-MY-TISM Will cuif youv Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Headache*, Cramps, Colic, Sprains, Bruises, Cuts and Blimg, Old Sores, Stints ot'inseet?, Fa t. Antiseptic Anodvne, imcd I iut.'Ntallj aud externally, Piire'/r.?? FLORENGE, S. C. NOVEMBER 6 - 9 The Biggest and Best Yet All of Your Friends will be There Write For Premium List THE PEE DEE FAIR ASSOCIATION the exclusion of intoxicants, poison.i, explosives and improperly packed per? ishable matter, and other matter pro? hibited by the postal laws and regula? tion*. J. C. Koons, "First Ass't. P. M. Gen." Attorney General Peeples' opinion respecting the vacancies existing in the legislative delegation from this county is interesting. This county has not only one, but two vacant places in the house, and it is almost certain that the senatorship will also be vacant within a few weeks, when Senator Epps com pies his course of training at Fort Oglethorpe and receives a com? mission in the army. There is no use in considering the holding of a pri? mary or any other election in this county until it is known positively whether Senator Epps will vacate hiy office. When an election is held it should be for successors to Hon. A. K. Sanders, who resigned when he was elected Superintendent of the Peni? tentiary; Hon. W. L. McCutchen who resigned when he received a commis? sion in the army, and Senator Epps, who will resign when he receives a commission in the army. Elections are expensive and troublesome affairs and in view of the fact that next sum? mer the regular olOttOM must be held to select a senator and repre? sentatives, as well as other county of? ficers, it might be wise to fill the va? cancies in the county delegation at he general election to be ordered after the legislature convenes, without holding a primary. The men to be elected will serve for only a few weeks, since the election cannot be ordered, according to Mr. Peeples, un? til the legislature assembles in Jan? uary, and the session will probably be half over before they take their seats. As a matter of fact the county's inter? ests Will not suffer materially If the vacancies are not filled. DOCOWOS Wanted. See me before you sell your wax. 1 will buy it for cash at the best cur? rent price. N. O. OSTERN. NEW DRAFT ACT PROPOSED. Representative Kahn r* cut Idtw Docs Not Roach jfnrj Youth. . Washington, Oct. 10.?Repressjata tive Kahn of California, the Republi? can who led the administration forces in ihe house when the army draft law was passed, said today a new draft act would have to be passed at the next session of congress to reav-h the many young men who have be? come 21 years of age since May 18 last and that it probably would amend the existing law so as to register youths from 1G or 17 to become auto j rustically subject to call on reaching the age of 21. :\ r. Kahn also said he intended to make a fight for a universal training law and an act to deal with alien slackers without violating treaty ob ! ligations. BUYING LIBERTY BONDS. People of Moderate Means BSC Show? ing Loyalty to (Government. New York, Oct. 11.?The marked ineiease in the number of Liberty Loan subscription,'., ranging from fift> to five hundred dollars,-Indicate? thai the great campaign organisation built up by the liberty loan commit? tees is beginning to reach the mass of people in the sec?nd district. WOOD WANTED?Ten or fifteen CDrds oak wood wanted, delivered Sumter. C. P. Ostcen. FOR SALE?Mosley place, 113 1-2 acres. Good farming land, 1 miie f "om Horden, 1 1-2 miles from 1 embert. Near a good graded school. 2 tenant houses in go ..1 condition. 1 four-room house that can be repaired. $:;3 per acre. Easy terms. C. If. Emanuel, Bor d an, S. C . FOR SALE?Registered Aberdeen Angus bull, four years o'd, tubsreu ltr tested, without fault or blemish C. P. Osteen. Sumter, S. C. FARMS FOR SALE In Sumter and Clarendon Counties. ?8 Acivs on public road, three miles from Sumter; 4 9 acres In high state of cultivation; well drained; one four room hou?e, barn and stables. Splendidly located with, good neighbors. Can get artesian water. 711 Acres on public road three miles from Sumter; 4 2 acres 1n cultivation, and 10 acres more cleared to be cultivated next year One four room house, barn and stab,es. SO Acres on public road, three miles from Sumter; about 50 acres in cultivation. Good 4 room dwelling, one tenant house, barn, stables, etc. 221 Acres on public road, three n*iles from Sumter, six-horse farm in cultivation this year, which can be increased to eight horse farm next year. Four toom dwelling, three tenant houses, barns and stables. Good flowing well. Situated near good school, gin, railroad sioing. and in a good neighbor? hood. 112 Acres on public road, two and one-half miles from Sumter; ten horse farm open and in high state of cultivation. New dwelling, live rooms, ten tenant houses, barns, stables, sheds and other outbuildings; dairy barn and equipment, with dairy herd, if desired. Plenty of wood and straw. Thor? oughly drained. About one hundred acres under fence and ?undivided. Property situated like this is not often offered for sale, and if you r.ro interested in a splendid fr.rm prac? tically in the city, you had bet'er sec about it at once. 217 acres near Pinewood, two horse farm open, one house. Good land, but needs developing. Timber enough to pay for building up place. Saw mill near by. Will subdivide, I! de sired, and sell cheap. 190 Acres near Pinewood, undeveloped. Will sell cheap. Easy Terms To Suit Purchasers. C. P. OSTEEN, Sumter. S. C.