Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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tm BF WAR. LOOKING HACK W Alil> OVKH THIU K YEA HS OF CARNAGE. Hituatkm ?4 Present Seems to He on Um* Whole Earorable to The Allies, Respite the CoHapae of Russlu. T Ths third year of the world war with the fortunes of conflict fa? voring the entente, except for uncer? tainty of the outcome of the Russian situation. The Central Powers sustained mo? mentous setbacks, both military and polttleal, during the twelve months. On ths Western front In Europe the Tsutona flnd themselves on the defen? sive at ths sdvent of the fourth year. They fleht on lines newly established after fores* retirement from terrlan which thsy hud won In earlier days at O tremendous Sacrifice. Meanwhile new enemy powers, no? tably the United States, have been drawn In by the Central Empires and prsQTS? towsrd the achievement of the ultimate aim of the Entente and Its Alllea has been furthered by po? litical disturbance which will remain memorable In the history of all times. Chief among those are the fall of two crowned heads?Nicholas of Rus ess and Censtanttno of Greece. In Resets autocracy has given way to a Republic. In Greece a kingdom re? mains bet not a pro-Teutonic one, En? tente preenur? having won supremacy in this hart of the Balkans. Political events within the German end A net! ten Empires, featured by the tall of Chance H?r von Rethmann-Holl weg, have le? to open discussions of peace in the German relchstag as the fourth year dawns. In Great Britain, the third year eleesd with Winston Spencer Chur? chill, former First Lord of the Ad? miralty, returned to the cabinet with the portfolio of Minister of Munitions. Portug*' and Rumania threw In their1 fortunes with tho Entente short if after the third year began. The United States entered In April, follow? ed by Cuba and Liberia. Panama pledg d the United States her aid In defending the Panama Canal. Costa men pot her naval hoses at our dls iweM b Albania, w d. China, Bolivia. Guatemala and Brasil severed diplomatic relations with Germany. Uruguay expressed her sympathy for the United State? These new notions were born dur? ing fee year. Poland was created s ander German and Austrian th Mecca the Arabians * TarlUeh rale and declared lib Hrhich l tt I republic under itoNtteal ? protection and with tYMrch military aid *' An estimate made two months be? fore the end of the third year?voiced ty Arthur Henderson, of the British War Council?placed tho number of triOn killed at 7.000,000 since August. 1*14. French general headquarters recently estimated 1,(00,000 Germans Mad been killed up to March 1. Mr. Henderson estimated the total cas? ualties at more than 45,000.000. The first snd second American con? tingents of troops landed In France on June St and 17. Nearly 10,000,000 Americans of military age registered on June & un? der the selective draft law. and from these are being selected the men who will comprise the ??M army con? tingents which An. a Is planning to send to Europe. In cementing America's association with ths nutions now her allies, nu? merous exchanges of missions were srranged. France. Great Britain. Italy. B?Ug1um. Russia and other En tt.its belligerent* sent delegations to the United States as a step toward unification, military, flnunclal and oth? erwise. The United States sent mis? sions to Russia and othci countries. Fighting on tho Western front dur? ing tho, third year of the war may roughly bo divided Into six phases? two In ths latter part of ID Is before winter culled a halt; and four afteri the Entente offrnslvo was resumed in ths early spring. At the close of iho second year the Germans were still unwilling to con? cede failure in the operations center? ing on Verdun. After August 3, It IS, the Froneh gained the ascend? ency, culminating In the retaking Of Douau. Thlwumont and Fort Vaux. with thousands of prisoners and Many guns. By Noveml?er the French had once more come Into possession of the complete (iiclc of the Verdun de? fences Tbe nci onfI phiisc dates buck to tie commencement of ths Franco-British offensive?the tlrst Battle of th^ Bommc in July of 1'.?!?. By mld Heptomlier this had reached such pro portion* th ?t the Hermans were credit? ed with bringing up seven new divis? ions against the British snd five against the French. It was cstlmat.-d that ::s German divisions, or. based on the strength of those German units at that period, about 700.000 men, SjpSSjggd the British and French 00 this twenty-mile front. In this Mettle the British air supermacy became dominant By November the i:r I ish aud French had taken tft. Pierre Dlvlon. Beaumont-Hamel and Bcuu court and had penetrated German po sltlons for a depth of six miles. In the .spring, the Germans, antici? pating a resumption of the Sommc operations, began what has become known as the "Hlndenberg victorious rotreat" to newly-established German lines. In this second battle of the Homme, Bapaume, Irles, Pcronne, Ncale, Fayette, Gricourt, Vaux, Boye, Tergnler, Ham and hundreds of oth? er positions were lost by the Germans. In an evacuation which French crit? ics regard as memorial the Germans left a track of wide-spread devastation which aroused world-wide indignation. The British claimed capture of nearly 5000 prisoners in the three months of this Germun retirement for a depth of from 5 to IS miles along a front of about 46 miles. In April the British transferred their offensive northeast of Arras, forcing von Hlndenberg to redistribute his forces along a fifteen-mile front Canadians played a historic part in this fighting. Monchy-le-Preux was taken; and Vi my Ridge was captured after one of the world's bloodiest bat? tles. Canadians held the ridge against desperate counter-attacks. This success east of Arras turned Hln denberg's northern pivot, and British critics regarded it as the greatest in the history of British arms in the present war. This offensive, contin? ued, placed the British astride the Hlndenberg line, and the Germans retired to positions a mile or two west of the Drocourt-Queant line. These they held as the third year closed. Meanwhile the battles of Cham? paign and the Alsne had been car? ried on by the French, who in April captured Aubcrivo. In the first days of Champaign offensive, one of the greatest struggles of the war, the Germans sustained an estimated loss of 100,000 killed, wounded and taken prisoners through their desperate de? fensive operations. Fighting ih these regions continues after three months, during which the French have ad vanced from one to live miles along a nfty-mllo front. The present French lino runs from northwest of Solssons through Rheims to Auberlve. In June 1917. the British began an attack on Messlnes and Wyscheate in an effort to straighten out the Ypios salient. Again British flyers dominat? ed .he air. The British had spent an entire year mining the earth for this offensive, which was begin with an explosion so terrific that it was heard In London. Beyond Mssslnea, for two miles, ease and northeast, *he British won snd consolidated ground, captur? ed more than 7,400 prisoners and great stores of artillery- Gaining ev? ery objective, they placed themselves astride the Ypres-Comlnes Canal, hav? ing advanced three miles on an eight mile front. Portuguese and Belgian troops aided In this offensive. In re? cent days the fighting there had been confined to raiding operations. it Is estimated that during April, May and June the Germans suffered 360,000 casualties on the Western front. Tho Russians, having in Juno of 19IS begun un offensive from the Prlpct Marshes to the Rumanian fron? tier, speedily captured Czernowltz and the rest of Bukovina, together with Prody In (ialicb., and in August they entered Stnnlslau for the third time In the war. These operations forced tho Austro-Gcrmans to relinquish lines ?hey had held throughout the) winter of 1915-1916. The Hulicz bridgehead fell in Sep? tember, but tho subsequent advance on Lemberg was not prosecuted be? cause of tho plight of Rumuniu de? manded the transfer of Russlun troops to aid their Balkan ally. Aftef the Russian revolution, the Russians made a feint to advance on I'lnsk. to cover the actual operations resumed in July against Lemburg. This latter front extended 18 1-2 miles. Known as "Regiments July First," these troops, relnvigoratcd by tho consciousness of political liberty, j confounded German military pro? phets by the magnitude and extent of their offensive. Ix?d by Alexander Kerensky, Minis? ter of War. und observed by American army officers, tho "Regiments July First" forced tho Teutons to evacu? ate llrezuny, and they captured many Important positions, btClUdlltfl terruln west and south of Ilallcz town and stroriKly defended positions north? west of Stanislau. On July 11 Halls/, was taken, thus smashing the Austro Gernmn front between Brzc/.uny und the Carpathians. This Russian operation broadened by mid-July, so that It extended fro ill the Gulf of Klga to the Rumanian front, a distance of 800 miles.' The Germans were reported to be rushing troops from the Italian and French fronts. Widespread enthusiasm was created throughout Russia, ami the moral effect on the Other KntcnU powers was tremendous. Italy, declaring war against Oer? many on August |g, began a mo'v vlgorus prosecution of her earlier of* fensive against Austria. I With dramatic Swiftness tho Third 'Army, under the Duke of Aobl.i, mm_ - stormed and captured Gorizia, hither? to considered Impregnable. By Jan uary 1 the Italians had captured 1. 200 souare miles. Atter a winter of artillery duel;, Italy resumed her offensive on tho Caret) front in the campaign toward Trieste. Within a month the Aus? trian lines were broken from Castag nuvizza to the sea. Italy inflicted losses of s.",ooo on the Austrlans and lost heavily herself. Austria hurried reinforcements from the Russian front. In the Trcntlno tho Italians took tho offensive in June and after ter? rific fighting captured the Austrian positions on Monte Ortiga* and Agnello pass. These they wti ^orco'd to relinquish, however, in the face of Austrian counter-attacks. In the Balkans the year's military development saw tho occupation of Kumunia by the Teutons?a gain of great economic value because of the oil and grain fields. The Rumanian army, reformed, is cooperating with the Russians, and as the year ended is engaged in heavy offensive against Austro-Germari8, Turks and Bulga? rians. Bulgaria won successes of moderate Importance, including the capture of the Grecian port of Kavala. The newly-equipped Serbian army arrived at Saloniki in August and be? gan an offensive which won Ostrovo, on the road to Monastir. This offen sive, resumed in the spring with the Cooperation of Entente and Vcnizellst troops, won Monastir and Cerna. In Greece the military moves of the Entente forces included a blockade of Greece and temporary French occupa? tion of Athens. A brilliant British campaign in Mesopotamia accomplished the cap turc of Kut-cl-Amara in February; and of Bagdad, terminus of the Ber lin-to-Bagdad railway, in March. The capture of Bagdad had a deep moral effect In tho Orient, particularly in Arabia, where many natives revolted from Turkish rule. Russians operating in Persia took Ramadan; and further north. In Turkish Armenia, Russians captured Van. In the Holy Land the British open ed a now era in the history of the East. Their udvance has carried them nearly to Gaza. Their objective is Jerusalem, which the Turks were re ported in June to have partly evacu atod. Except for submarine operations,, naval writers have found ' Je to en? gage their attention during the PS?l year. Germany continued to rely on u boats This policy led to unrestricted warfare which drew the United States Into the conflict. U-boats destroyed an estimated gross tonnage of more than 4,000,000 during the year. This included 2,000, 000 flying the British flag sunk from February 25 to July 1. America's destroyer flotilla arrived In British waters in May. Without the loss of a ship or a man, American warships convoyod the first Ameri can troops to France. Two submarine attacks were made on the transports. At least one u-boat was sunk. Ameri can warships took over from British j and French vessels the patrol of. American coasts. Brazil added her navy to ours In South American wa? ters. Cities from Bagdad to London have been subjected to raids, notable at tacks being those by German Zeppe? lins and airplanes on London. In four attacks on England in May, June and July, 287 persons were killed and 837 Injured. SECRET AGENT ARRESTED. German Embassy Attache Captured in Spokane. Spokane, July SO.?Carl G. Gross? man, said to be a former attache of tho German embassy at Washington and ordered to leave the country, was arrested ..'1th a man and woman com? panion on the charge of violating the espionage act. The police say they obtained papeis naming a prominent German born resident of Spokane. Hngood News Notes. Rembert. July 28 ?Rev. J. C. Chan dler, an earnest, consecrated Christian minister of the gospel, which he so much loves to preach, has come and gone. As he went In and out amongst us there was a consciousness of the presence of one above the ordinary man. His preaching is simple, force? ful, never above the grasp and com? prehension of any. The meeting closed Thursday night. Miss Carrie Mitchell is visiting in our community. Misses Slova and Pauline Kvatcrnlk were with us yesterday enjoying mcl Ions and grapes. Messrs. Hobt. Atkinson and R. C. Rlchbourg ran up to Camen today. G. 11. l.enoir of Camden Is down looking after his mill. There Is an old darkle in our com? munity, one Willis Dennis, "Qulrkers" we cnll him. who his twenty ncres of very fine cotton. All tho sick are Improving. "Hagood." HOPE FOR FUTURE. SAYS AMERICA WIM; WIN WAR BECAUSE OF SUPERIOR RE SOUROE8 AND ORGAN? IZATION. Hoover Says Elimination of Waste Throughout Country lias Been Most Gratifying. Washington, July 28.?America will win the war, Herbert Hoover declared in a statement tonight, because of its superior resources and through the ability of the American people to or? ganize. The success, already evident, of the nation's voluntary food con? servation effort, Mr. Hoover said, points to a final victory. "Germany accomplished less in this direction in twelve months," said Mr. Hoover, "than our people have in four. The only need of legislation and authority is to curb those who J would profit by this voluntary move? ment." j More than two million women, Mr. Hoover announced, have enrolled as members of the food administration and pledged themselves to follow Its directions as to saving food within the household. Within sixty days, he said, many more millions will have become members. "No one can rightly bo gloomy over the outcome for the American people in this war," said Mr. Hoover. "Success in this war is a question of resources, and the will and ability of the people to organize themselves to use them rightly and to endure. Many thinking Americans, and the whole world have been watching anxiously i the last four months in the fear that I democratic Amer,na could not or-j ganize to meet autocratic Germany. Germany has been confident it could 1 not be done. "Contrary proof is immediately at our door, and our people have already I demonstrated their ability to mobilize, 1 organize, endure and prepare volun- \\ tarily and efficiently. I "We entered the war four months I] ago and it was announced by the pres- || lderit that one of the groat problems of the war would be food; that we l must prepare to increase and to save I' our foodstuffs for a year In advance, not only for ourselves, but for our al? lies as well. "There has been no consequential I national or local legislation, yet the I greatest spontaneous volunteer effort ever made in history has not only pro? vided us with a large stock of foo J as a result of patriotic planting In every quarter, but waste is being elim- I inated out of every crack and cranny I of our homes and of our industries. "Our present prospects Indicate an Increase in production of cereals by 850,000.000 bushels, and although our farmers planted an increase acreage of wheat, the weather has not re? sponded for this product. Literally millions of new gardens have been I planted. We have the largest supply] of vegetables ever in our history. j "The wolf is at the door of Europ< I and with all the surpluses, our stock j of foodstuffs would still have been too little for the demand upon us during I the coming year if our people had not! responded to the call for wise use and economy. The response not only in planting, but also in conservation has been of such spontaneous, magnifi? cent order as to Instill complete con-J fldence In our people to prepare and preserve. I "American canncrs will this year produce about 1,700,000,000 cans of fruits and vegetables. Our govern- J mcnt and the allies will require about J 200,000,000 of these cans. The returns we have from various Stnte organiza? tions indicate from the results ob? tained from the first half of the sea? son that American women will pre- J serve 200,000,000 jars and car** this year of fruits and vegetables and thus will supply any delicicncy called for] by the armies. j "The elimination of waste in the country has been most gratifying. The best Index of this saving is in garb-J age ravenei from our large cities. Wei have the returns from the month of June from cities of a total population of 15,000,000 showing a reduction of their garbage by ;12 per cent, under the month of June last year. "Now that we make a borad of sur? vey of the country after four months, we llnd every State spontaneously creating a definite and active food or? ganization presided over by capable and devoted men and women. Wo find a well-considered and well-defln |ed organization of sub-committees on the various phases of food production and conservation, and we see these re? duplicated by sub-organi/.ations in counties and municipalities. This is the organization of deine racy, and thjs Is positive proof that only upon call of national duty our people will rise, and with superior Intelligence and capacity of self-denial ami will to persevere. "Even though the situation In Eu? rope may be gloomy today, no Ameri? can who has knowledge of the re? sults already obtained in every di? rection, need to fear for one moment I that democracy will not defend Itself 'in,the United States. EXECUTION* BY WHOLESALE. Gen. Korniloff Dialing Out Swift tins tftco to Desert ers. London, July ;>0.?The Times cor? respondent at the Kussian southwest army headquarters reports that Gen. Korniloff is executing deserters by the wholesale. Cotton Weigher Recommended. At a special meeting of the City Council today Mr. P. M. Pitts was rcc ommended to the County Board of Commissions for election as Cotton Weigher. The recommendation Is equivalent to election as the law pro? vides that the city shall recommend one of the cotton weighers. It is 00 ievd that the selection of Mr. Pitts will give general satisfaction, as he is a farmer and a successful business man, who has the confidence of the people of all sections of the county. NOT SEEKING PEACE* German Tai;, of Pence is a Hollow Sham. Washington, July UO.?The German chancellor's peace interview is regard? ed at the State department as another attempt to holster up public opinion at home and appeal to the peace sen? timent in enemy and neutral coun? tries and create dissensions among the all toe. The new attempt at peace i considercd as hollow as others whl h have followed a successful of? fensive. CHICAGO STIUKE ENDED. Chicago, July 30.?The strike of twenty-five hundred switchmen, af? fecting nineteen railroads was called off at 6 o'clock this morning after an all night conference. It threatened to delay government transportation. ttl!tltt2*!!12ttl? Eveiything in the Building Line All Kinds of Feed BOOTH & McLEOD, Inc. EVERYTHING AT ONE PLACE Phones 10 ? 631 ^muiwwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir.iiiiiiiiiiuuiiimmrTmrntniiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiia READ THIS RESOURCES MORE THAN A MILLION DOLLARS. PATRONS MORE THAN TWO THOU? SAND. WE MAKE IT TO YOUR INTEREST TO DEAL WITH US. Not the youngest nor the oldest, but the Strongest?and the most anxious to serve you. The National Bulk Of S?rth Carola C. G. ROWLAND. President. F. E. HINNANT. Cashier NOT TOO LARGE NOR TOO SMALL This Baak is not TOO BIG, nor TOO LITTLE { It is BIG ENOUGH to give confidence and assurance to its customers. X It is SMALL ENOUGH to give careful attention to YOUR * affairs. YOUR little account will not Ihj neglected. J And no matter how LARGE your account, we can take care of it. I THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK United States, County and City Depository the Oldest Banking Institution in the County LIBERTY UPHELD ** I He God who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time.*' Thus Thomas Jefferson, author of our beloved Declaration of Independence, linked liberty with life as the natu? ral heritage of mankind. One Hundred and Forty-one Years have not dimmed the significance of these words for the heart of America. Today we are at war against autocra? cy and militarism, upholding liberty as the fundamental r \t of man. not for ourselves alone but for the peo? ple of all nations. The National (Bank of Sumter.