tm BF WAR.
LOOKING HACK W Alil> OVKH
THIU K YEA HS OF CARNAGE.
Hituatkm ?4 Present Seems to He on
Um* Whole Earorable to The Allies,
Respite the CoHapae of Russlu.
T
Ths third year of the world war
with the fortunes of conflict fa?
voring the entente, except for uncer?
tainty of the outcome of the Russian
situation.
The Central Powers sustained mo?
mentous setbacks, both military and
polttleal, during the twelve months.
On ths Western front In Europe the
Tsutona flnd themselves on the defen?
sive at ths sdvent of the fourth year.
They fleht on lines newly established
after fores* retirement from terrlan
which thsy hud won In earlier days at
O tremendous Sacrifice.
Meanwhile new enemy powers, no?
tably the United States, have been
drawn In by the Central Empires and
prsQTS? towsrd the achievement of
the ultimate aim of the Entente and
Its Alllea has been furthered by po?
litical disturbance which will remain
memorable In the history of all times.
Chief among those are the fall of
two crowned heads?Nicholas of Rus
ess and Censtanttno of Greece. In
Resets autocracy has given way to a
Republic. In Greece a kingdom re?
mains bet not a pro-Teutonic one, En?
tente preenur? having won supremacy
in this hart of the Balkans.
Political events within the German
end A net! ten Empires, featured by the
tall of Chance H?r von Rethmann-Holl
weg, have le? to open discussions of
peace in the German relchstag as the
fourth year dawns.
In Great Britain, the third year
eleesd with Winston Spencer Chur?
chill, former First Lord of the Ad?
miralty, returned to the cabinet with
the portfolio of Minister of Munitions.
Portug*' and Rumania threw In
their1 fortunes with tho Entente short
if after the third year began. The
United States entered In April, follow?
ed by Cuba and Liberia. Panama
pledg d the United States her aid In
defending the Panama Canal. Costa
men pot her naval hoses at our dls
iweM b Albania, w
d. China, Bolivia. Guatemala and
Brasil severed diplomatic relations
with Germany. Uruguay expressed
her sympathy for the United State?
These new notions were born dur?
ing fee year. Poland was created s
ander German and Austrian
th Mecca the Arabians
* TarlUeh rale and declared
lib
Hrhich l
tt I republic under
itoNtteal ? protection and with
tYMrch military aid
*' An estimate made two months be?
fore the end of the third year?voiced
ty Arthur Henderson, of the British
War Council?placed tho number of
triOn killed at 7.000,000 since August.
1*14. French general headquarters
recently estimated 1,(00,000 Germans
Mad been killed up to March 1. Mr.
Henderson estimated the total cas?
ualties at more than 45,000.000.
The first snd second American con?
tingents of troops landed In France
on June St and 17.
Nearly 10,000,000 Americans of
military age registered on June & un?
der the selective draft law. and from
these are being selected the men who
will comprise the ??M army con?
tingents which An. a Is planning
to send to Europe.
In cementing America's association
with ths nutions now her allies, nu?
merous exchanges of missions were
srranged. France. Great Britain.
Italy. B?Ug1um. Russia and other En
tt.its belligerent* sent delegations to
the United States as a step toward
unification, military, flnunclal and oth?
erwise. The United States sent mis?
sions to Russia and othci countries.
Fighting on tho Western front dur?
ing tho, third year of the war may
roughly bo divided Into six phases?
two In ths latter part of ID Is before
winter culled a halt; and four afteri
the Entente offrnslvo was resumed in
ths early spring.
At the close of iho second year the
Germans were still unwilling to con?
cede failure in the operations center?
ing on Verdun. After August 3,
It IS, the Froneh gained the ascend?
ency, culminating In the retaking Of
Douau. Thlwumont and Fort Vaux.
with thousands of prisoners and Many
guns. By Noveml?er the French had
once more come Into possession of the
complete (iiclc of the Verdun de?
fences
Tbe nci onfI phiisc dates buck to tie
commencement of ths Franco-British
offensive?the tlrst Battle of th^
Bommc in July of 1'.?!?. By mld
Heptomlier this had reached such pro
portion* th ?t the Hermans were credit?
ed with bringing up seven new divis?
ions against the British snd five
against the French. It was cstlmat.-d
that ::s German divisions, or. based
on the strength of those German units
at that period, about 700.000 men,
SjpSSjggd the British and French 00
this twenty-mile front. In this Mettle
the British air supermacy became
dominant By November the i:r I
ish aud French had taken tft. Pierre
Dlvlon. Beaumont-Hamel and Bcuu
court and had penetrated German po
sltlons for a depth of six miles.
In the .spring, the Germans, antici?
pating a resumption of the Sommc
operations, began what has become
known as the "Hlndenberg victorious
rotreat" to newly-established German
lines. In this second battle of the
Homme, Bapaume, Irles, Pcronne,
Ncale, Fayette, Gricourt, Vaux, Boye,
Tergnler, Ham and hundreds of oth?
er positions were lost by the Germans.
In an evacuation which French crit?
ics regard as memorial the Germans
left a track of wide-spread devastation
which aroused world-wide indignation.
The British claimed capture of nearly
5000 prisoners in the three months of
this Germun retirement for a depth of
from 5 to IS miles along a front of
about 46 miles.
In April the British transferred
their offensive northeast of Arras,
forcing von Hlndenberg to redistribute
his forces along a fifteen-mile front
Canadians played a historic part in
this fighting. Monchy-le-Preux was
taken; and Vi my Ridge was captured
after one of the world's bloodiest bat?
tles. Canadians held the ridge
against desperate counter-attacks.
This success east of Arras turned Hln
denberg's northern pivot, and British
critics regarded it as the greatest in
the history of British arms in the
present war. This offensive, contin?
ued, placed the British astride the
Hlndenberg line, and the Germans
retired to positions a mile or two
west of the Drocourt-Queant line.
These they held as the third year
closed.
Meanwhile the battles of Cham?
paign and the Alsne had been car?
ried on by the French, who in April
captured Aubcrivo. In the first days
of Champaign offensive, one of the
greatest struggles of the war, the
Germans sustained an estimated loss
of 100,000 killed, wounded and taken
prisoners through their desperate de?
fensive operations. Fighting ih these
regions continues after three months,
during which the French have ad
vanced from one to live miles along
a nfty-mllo front. The present French
lino runs from northwest of Solssons
through Rheims to Auberlve.
In June 1917. the British began an
attack on Messlnes and Wyscheate in
an effort to straighten out the Ypios
salient. Again British flyers dominat?
ed .he air. The British had spent an
entire year mining the earth for this
offensive, which was begin with an
explosion so terrific that it was heard
In London. Beyond Mssslnea, for two
miles, ease and northeast, *he British
won snd consolidated ground, captur?
ed more than 7,400 prisoners and
great stores of artillery- Gaining ev?
ery objective, they placed themselves
astride the Ypres-Comlnes Canal, hav?
ing advanced three miles on an eight
mile front. Portuguese and Belgian
troops aided In this offensive. In re?
cent days the fighting there had been
confined to raiding operations.
it Is estimated that during April,
May and June the Germans suffered
360,000 casualties on the Western
front.
Tho Russians, having in Juno of
19IS begun un offensive from the
Prlpct Marshes to the Rumanian fron?
tier, speedily captured Czernowltz and
the rest of Bukovina, together with
Prody In (ialicb., and in August they
entered Stnnlslau for the third time
In the war. These operations forced
tho Austro-Gcrmans to relinquish
lines ?hey had held throughout the)
winter of 1915-1916.
The Hulicz bridgehead fell in Sep?
tember, but tho subsequent advance
on Lemberg was not prosecuted be?
cause of tho plight of Rumuniu de?
manded the transfer of Russlun troops
to aid their Balkan ally.
Aftef the Russian revolution, the
Russians made a feint to advance on
I'lnsk. to cover the actual operations
resumed in July against Lemburg.
This latter front extended 18 1-2
miles. Known as "Regiments July
First," these troops, relnvigoratcd by
tho consciousness of political liberty, j
confounded German military pro?
phets by the magnitude and extent of
their offensive.
Ix?d by Alexander Kerensky, Minis?
ter of War. und observed by American
army officers, tho "Regiments July
First" forced tho Teutons to evacu?
ate llrezuny, and they captured
many Important positions, btClUdlltfl
terruln west and south of Ilallcz town
and stroriKly defended positions north?
west of Stanislau. On July 11 Halls/,
was taken, thus smashing the Austro
Gernmn front between Brzc/.uny und
the Carpathians.
This Russian operation broadened
by mid-July, so that It extended fro ill
the Gulf of Klga to the Rumanian
front, a distance of 800 miles.' The
Germans were reported to be rushing
troops from the Italian and French
fronts. Widespread enthusiasm was
created throughout Russia, ami the
moral effect on the Other KntcnU
powers was tremendous.
Italy, declaring war against Oer?
many on August |g, began a mo'v
vlgorus prosecution of her earlier of*
fensive against Austria.
I With dramatic Swiftness tho Third
'Army, under the Duke of Aobl.i,
mm_ -
stormed and captured Gorizia, hither?
to considered Impregnable. By Jan
uary 1 the Italians had captured 1.
200 souare miles.
Atter a winter of artillery duel;,
Italy resumed her offensive on tho
Caret) front in the campaign toward
Trieste. Within a month the Aus?
trian lines were broken from Castag
nuvizza to the sea. Italy inflicted
losses of s.",ooo on the Austrlans and
lost heavily herself. Austria hurried
reinforcements from the Russian
front.
In the Trcntlno tho Italians took
tho offensive in June and after ter?
rific fighting captured the Austrian
positions on Monte Ortiga* and
Agnello pass. These they wti ^orco'd
to relinquish, however, in the face of
Austrian counter-attacks.
In the Balkans the year's military
development saw tho occupation of
Kumunia by the Teutons?a gain of
great economic value because of the
oil and grain fields. The Rumanian
army, reformed, is cooperating with
the Russians, and as the year ended
is engaged in heavy offensive against
Austro-Germari8, Turks and Bulga?
rians.
Bulgaria won successes of moderate
Importance, including the capture of
the Grecian port of Kavala.
The newly-equipped Serbian army
arrived at Saloniki in August and be?
gan an offensive which won Ostrovo,
on the road to Monastir. This offen
sive, resumed in the spring with the
Cooperation of Entente and Vcnizellst
troops, won Monastir and Cerna.
In Greece the military moves of the
Entente forces included a blockade of
Greece and temporary French occupa?
tion of Athens.
A brilliant British campaign in
Mesopotamia accomplished the cap
turc of Kut-cl-Amara in February;
and of Bagdad, terminus of the Ber
lin-to-Bagdad railway, in March. The
capture of Bagdad had a deep moral
effect In tho Orient, particularly in
Arabia, where many natives revolted
from Turkish rule.
Russians operating in Persia took
Ramadan; and further north. In
Turkish Armenia, Russians captured
Van.
In the Holy Land the British open
ed a now era in the history of the
East. Their udvance has carried them
nearly to Gaza. Their objective is
Jerusalem, which the Turks were re
ported in June to have partly evacu
atod.
Except for submarine operations,,
naval writers have found ' Je to en?
gage their attention during the PS?l
year.
Germany continued to rely on u
boats This policy led to unrestricted
warfare which drew the United States
Into the conflict.
U-boats destroyed an estimated
gross tonnage of more than 4,000,000
during the year. This included 2,000,
000 flying the British flag sunk from
February 25 to July 1.
America's destroyer flotilla arrived
In British waters in May. Without the
loss of a ship or a man, American
warships convoyod the first Ameri
can troops to France. Two submarine
attacks were made on the transports.
At least one u-boat was sunk. Ameri
can warships took over from British j
and French vessels the patrol of.
American coasts. Brazil added her
navy to ours In South American wa?
ters.
Cities from Bagdad to London have
been subjected to raids, notable at
tacks being those by German Zeppe?
lins and airplanes on London. In four
attacks on England in May, June and
July, 287 persons were killed and 837
Injured.
SECRET AGENT ARRESTED.
German Embassy Attache Captured in
Spokane.
Spokane, July SO.?Carl G. Gross?
man, said to be a former attache of
tho German embassy at Washington
and ordered to leave the country, was
arrested ..'1th a man and woman com?
panion on the charge of violating the
espionage act. The police say they
obtained papeis naming a prominent
German born resident of Spokane.
Hngood News Notes.
Rembert. July 28 ?Rev. J. C. Chan
dler, an earnest, consecrated Christian
minister of the gospel, which he so
much loves to preach, has come and
gone. As he went In and out amongst
us there was a consciousness of the
presence of one above the ordinary
man. His preaching is simple, force?
ful, never above the grasp and com?
prehension of any. The meeting
closed Thursday night.
Miss Carrie Mitchell is visiting in
our community.
Misses Slova and Pauline Kvatcrnlk
were with us yesterday enjoying mcl
Ions and grapes.
Messrs. Hobt. Atkinson and R. C.
Rlchbourg ran up to Camen today.
G. 11. l.enoir of Camden Is down
looking after his mill.
There Is an old darkle in our com?
munity, one Willis Dennis, "Qulrkers"
we cnll him. who his twenty ncres of
very fine cotton.
All tho sick are Improving.
"Hagood."
HOPE FOR FUTURE.
SAYS AMERICA WIM; WIN WAR
BECAUSE OF SUPERIOR RE
SOUROE8 AND ORGAN?
IZATION.
Hoover Says Elimination of Waste
Throughout Country lias Been
Most Gratifying.
Washington, July 28.?America will
win the war, Herbert Hoover declared
in a statement tonight, because of its
superior resources and through the
ability of the American people to or?
ganize. The success, already evident,
of the nation's voluntary food con?
servation effort, Mr. Hoover said,
points to a final victory.
"Germany accomplished less in this
direction in twelve months," said Mr.
Hoover, "than our people have in
four. The only need of legislation
and authority is to curb those who J
would profit by this voluntary move?
ment." j
More than two million women, Mr.
Hoover announced, have enrolled as
members of the food administration
and pledged themselves to follow Its
directions as to saving food within
the household. Within sixty days, he
said, many more millions will have
become members.
"No one can rightly bo gloomy
over the outcome for the American
people in this war," said Mr. Hoover.
"Success in this war is a question of
resources, and the will and ability of
the people to organize themselves to
use them rightly and to endure. Many
thinking Americans, and the whole
world have been watching anxiously i
the last four months in the fear that I
democratic Amer,na could not or-j
ganize to meet autocratic Germany.
Germany has been confident it could 1
not be done.
"Contrary proof is immediately at
our door, and our people have already I
demonstrated their ability to mobilize, 1
organize, endure and prepare volun- \\
tarily and efficiently. I
"We entered the war four months I]
ago and it was announced by the pres- ||
lderit that one of the groat problems
of the war would be food; that we l
must prepare to increase and to save I'
our foodstuffs for a year In advance,
not only for ourselves, but for our al?
lies as well.
"There has been no consequential I
national or local legislation, yet the I
greatest spontaneous volunteer effort
ever made in history has not only pro?
vided us with a large stock of foo J
as a result of patriotic planting In
every quarter, but waste is being elim- I
inated out of every crack and cranny I
of our homes and of our industries.
"Our present prospects Indicate an
Increase in production of cereals by
850,000.000 bushels, and although our
farmers planted an increase acreage
of wheat, the weather has not re?
sponded for this product. Literally
millions of new gardens have been I
planted. We have the largest supply]
of vegetables ever in our history. j
"The wolf is at the door of Europ< I
and with all the surpluses, our stock j
of foodstuffs would still have been too
little for the demand upon us during I
the coming year if our people had not!
responded to the call for wise use and
economy. The response not only in
planting, but also in conservation has
been of such spontaneous, magnifi?
cent order as to Instill complete con-J
fldence In our people to prepare and
preserve. I
"American canncrs will this year
produce about 1,700,000,000 cans of
fruits and vegetables. Our govern- J
mcnt and the allies will require about J
200,000,000 of these cans. The returns
we have from various Stnte organiza?
tions indicate from the results ob?
tained from the first half of the sea?
son that American women will pre- J
serve 200,000,000 jars and car** this
year of fruits and vegetables and thus
will supply any delicicncy called for]
by the armies. j
"The elimination of waste in the
country has been most gratifying. The
best Index of this saving is in garb-J
age ravenei from our large cities. Wei
have the returns from the month of
June from cities of a total population
of 15,000,000 showing a reduction of
their garbage by ;12 per cent, under
the month of June last year.
"Now that we make a borad of sur?
vey of the country after four months,
we llnd every State spontaneously
creating a definite and active food or?
ganization presided over by capable
and devoted men and women. Wo
find a well-considered and well-defln
|ed organization of sub-committees on
the various phases of food production
and conservation, and we see these re?
duplicated by sub-organi/.ations in
counties and municipalities. This is
the organization of deine racy, and
thjs Is positive proof that only upon
call of national duty our people will
rise, and with superior Intelligence
and capacity of self-denial ami will to
persevere.
"Even though the situation In Eu?
rope may be gloomy today, no Ameri?
can who has knowledge of the re?
sults already obtained in every di?
rection, need to fear for one moment
I that democracy will not defend Itself
'in,the United States.
EXECUTION* BY WHOLESALE.
Gen. Korniloff Dialing Out Swift tins
tftco to Desert ers.
London, July ;>0.?The Times cor?
respondent at the Kussian southwest
army headquarters reports that Gen.
Korniloff is executing deserters by
the wholesale.
Cotton Weigher Recommended.
At a special meeting of the City
Council today Mr. P. M. Pitts was rcc
ommended to the County Board of
Commissions for election as Cotton
Weigher. The recommendation Is
equivalent to election as the law pro?
vides that the city shall recommend
one of the cotton weighers. It is 00
ievd that the selection of Mr. Pitts
will give general satisfaction, as he
is a farmer and a successful business
man, who has the confidence of the
people of all sections of the county.
NOT SEEKING PEACE*
German Tai;, of Pence is a Hollow
Sham.
Washington, July UO.?The German
chancellor's peace interview is regard?
ed at the State department as another
attempt to holster up public opinion
at home and appeal to the peace sen?
timent in enemy and neutral coun?
tries and create dissensions among the
all toe. The new attempt at peace i
considercd as hollow as others
whl h have followed a successful of?
fensive.
CHICAGO STIUKE ENDED.
Chicago, July 30.?The strike of
twenty-five hundred switchmen, af?
fecting nineteen railroads was called
off at 6 o'clock this morning after an
all night conference. It threatened to
delay government transportation.
ttl!tltt2*!!12ttl?
Eveiything in the Building Line
All Kinds of Feed
BOOTH & McLEOD, Inc.
EVERYTHING AT ONE PLACE
Phones 10 ? 631
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LIBERTY
UPHELD
** I He God who gave us life gave
us liberty at the same time.*'
Thus Thomas Jefferson, author of our
beloved Declaration of Independence,
linked liberty with life as the natu?
ral heritage of mankind.
One Hundred and Forty-one Years
have not dimmed the significance of
these words for the heart of America.
Today we are at war against autocra?
cy and militarism, upholding liberty
as the fundamental r \t of man. not
for ourselves alone but for the peo?
ple of all nations.
The National (Bank
of Sumter.