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THE KLMTKR WATCHMAN, Established Aprtl, 1850. OoueolidaUd Auk. 3, 1881. "9i Just uml IVar not?Le all the ?*n<ls Thou Aims't at !>o thy Country's, Thy God's ami Truth's.' THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established June, 1 SUMTER, S 0-, SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1913. Vol. XXXV. No. 40. IlLLM?fj URGES REFORM. ABVlsKs I.F.t.lM.ATl Uli T<> sVFK t.l \IU> I'd M Ml ,.| Kl^ Holl I>04M1IC<I 1 ? 114 ?^ Reformed?.Senator IVhin Another Sex* (Vial* am L*m Summer ? Cam psujrw and Primary-?<?oo<| Caovom sarwt IHmmed l nie**, legislation In f to Put Primary Substan? tially Inder Haine Regulation* mm Geewral Klee t Ion. Washington, Jan. 7.?"We muit either reform th? pri-nary system by law or Me It die," warns Senator Ben? jamin Ryan Tillman, in an open let tar to the South Carolina General Assembly, soon to meet, in which it Is urged that legislation be enacted to safeguard the primary system of elec ton in this State. "If we do not safe? guard the primary system," writes Senator Tillman. "and make it above suspicion, good government In the State la doomed." The senior Sena? tor again warns the people against the negro being used In politics under white leadership; if the black popu? lation be thus mobilised, he thinki, osaees) of trust ard power will become saara "pawns in the game of politics." to be bought by the highest bidders." Following Is the statement: dislike to have the appearance even of assuming the light to dic? tate to the Oeneral Assembly, and soch Is not my purpose now. But for reasons unnecessary to enumerate I feel that I have & iuty to perform In the present instance. "The angry passions aroused last summer In the statt? campaign for Governor have In a measure subsided, and the people have cooled off. To my mind there wss grest danger to whit* supremacy and Democratic anlty which Is now happily passed. But ualsss every possible safeguard Is thrown around the primary system, by law. mien and regulations made so plain and of such a Just and reason? able nature as to compel honesty ? and fair play In the primary?the tm*m.. * horned huJ the n-opjle of ^"^s^^P^ ^w^^p^^?^BssBss^^Bss^asajssi gs? * * w*** * ^ewsav-. -?w?*><i flfhe ?Ute will settle their polltleuT dlstsrawces at the polls In Novembsf just as they now do la all border and Northern States. "There are many people In South Carolina who would he glad to see , two whits parties in the State. Were | conditions different I myself would j like to have two white parties, but ? as things are now it would mean the mobilisation of the negro and his active *nd aggressive return to State politics under white leadership. "1 know of no calamity greater than this that could overtake our people. I speak advisedly, for I went through the reconstruction period and know the degradation to which our people sank, the rottenawew and corruption that were In our politics, and made our Government a by-word and a hissing, and I km w how hard it was to get the white men to line-up should, r to ihoylder and throw off the yoke. From 18?8 to 187?'? we h id the vilest and most corrupt Govern? ment In South Carolina that has ever existed In any Statt* of the L'nion. ex rapt Louisiana. "The negroes outnumber us In South Carolina )>y more than one hundred and fifty thousand, and a { large number of them are either reg- j ist? red or eligible f.?r registration. If they should c\?r he mobilised and] lad to the polln by white men. in the struggle for mastery and control, th.-n ws csn n- \r the State from a repetition of even greater corruption than we have already endured. The State corporations and Standard < dl. to say nothing of the railroads, would uas money lavishly, und the Gover- I BOrshlp and the United States Sena torshlps. to say nothing of the Con gressional delation, would h. ..tu. pawns In the game of pgjttfaf It bfl bought by the highest bidder. ?The Democratic party of South Carolina, when It meets again In Con? vention. ? HI r. . I ubt deal with this question. 1 a the legislature ought to deal with If now. at this coming h. h slon. while the memory lfl fresh and knowledge of Intensity si feeling I not faded away. "I cannot and will not Indicate Just what sort of a Inw the legislature ought to pass. The detslls must be worked out In togssnHUti ewl I MM and Will outline the general pollry which should govtrn us In this crisis "Flr*t The prlmar\ ought to be honent ??nd fair and above sll Mflpt - ion. "?econd: No man ought to object to whatever expense and trouble are necessary lo secure such reglstratlo i snd preparation of the democratic dub rolls as will Insure honesty and ; MILLIONS DF CAPITAL ADDED. Mom: hi\\ fie.ooo.ooo inchkasf ix sol Til last TEAM, (Growth In South Carolina?State Has IH New Hank*. With u Total Capi? talization of Over fl.ooo.ooo. Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 7.?More than $1?,006,000 was added to the banking capital of ten Southern States by 303 new Institutions formed during 1912, according to figures compiled by The Southern Banker, and announced to? day. Reports from State banking de? partments und the comptroller of th?> currency at Washington show that during the year 48 banks were liqui? dated, which includes consolidations and failures wiped out $3,635,000 banking capital and four banks re? duced capital for an additional loss of $287,600. This was partially offset by an increase in the capital of 28 ex? isting Institutions, making the neocv gain for the year $14,905,600. The distribution of new banks and capital by States was as fodows: New Stats. No. Capital. Alabama.21 $468,200 Florida.46 2,503,000 Georgia.54 2.640,000 Kentucky.14 600,000 Louisiana.16 850,000 Mississippi . 8 193.650 North Carolina.. ..25 965,250 South Carolina .. ..46 1.114.000 Tennessee.46 3.440,000 Virginia.27 3,245,000 "The past year, as compared with 1911, showed a decided improvement in the strength and character of the banking Institut ons," saj s The South? ern Banker, "due to Improved bank? ing laws and more effective supervis? ion." During the past year 18 State banks in the South passed into the national system without change of capital stock. SOON GIVKN DKAT1I PKNALTY. Negro Arrested Saturday Tried in T\\n Hours ami Sen tc need to Death. JWPtlK;?gn>~ t.?'? Omr *,f rhe quickest trials ever held In Marlon county, considering the seriousness of the offense, was concluded this after? noon when Jim Johnson, a negro, who criminally assaulted the wife of a prominent orange grower near Citra. Fla.. Saturday afternoon, was given the death penalty, only two hours ana the minutes had elapsed when the verdict was rendered. About 20 of the local militia and four deputy sheriffs ??srori?-d the negro to and from the court room. Fully 2,000 persons as? sembled about the court house, but only the prisoner's guard, rourt offi? cials, attorneys and MWipipir men were admitted to the court room dur? ing the trial. Official papers will be s? nt to the governor's office tonight, and it is be? lieved the execution will take place next Friday. fair play. It must aot be left to haz? ard and guess work. "Third: Stringent t ules and regula? tions are required. No man should participate In the primary to nomi? nate who is not willing and able to stand the test of registration to par? ticipate in the general election. "The rules should be few, plain and simple, but they must be ? nacted Into law in order to compel compliance with them. Rigid punishment ought to be provided for any man who Mf< lOOtf to comply with all conditions and rules or he ought to lose his vote. An honest and fairly conducted pri? mary can and will command the en? dorsement and support of all rlght thitiklng white people; a dishonest one will command the support of no bod) We must (ither reform the pri? mary system hy law or see It die. No <!.nt man will object or resist the role of Um majority fairly expressed. L?t us s.e to It that none hut quali? fied cltlsens vote ;>t the Democratic primary, and danger Of troubh- will disappear. If we do not safeguard |)m primary system and make it abort suspi? Ion Rood government in the state is doomed, wv wont no in m in the Democratic primary who votei th< Republican of other nat? ional ticket in the general election. "I writs the above believing that I win nevei isk the people to vote for mt' in another primaryi because i be Hove I win be dead before another Senator to sin c ?ed me Ih elected Therefor, no charge of ?elfish or per? sonal motive eon be Justly made airilnst me taking tin- position 1 do. it to solely because I know the danger, having passed through the crisis once, that 1 make bold to vrlte this way." BLOW AI STATE'S RIGHTS. IVFREME COURT KNOC KS OUT LIMITED LIABILITY LAWS. Highest Tribunal Divide* Federal Stuutes Have Superseded State Kn uctmonts on Intor-Stnto iTallic. Washington, Jan. 7.?The power of the States over railroads and express companies suffered a hurd blow to? day when the Supreme Court held that since the passage of the Car mack amendment to the Inter-State Commerce law in 1906 the States had ceased to have power to annul con? tracts between railroads and ship? pers limiting the liability for the loss of inter-state shipments. Another serious blow was deliver? ed when the court held that the States since the passage of the Inter-State Commerce acts, and particularly the Hepburn law in 1906, had no power to penalize railroads for failure to ' furnish cars for inter-state shipments. In this connection the court declared unconstitutional the Minnesota Re? ciprocal Demurrage law, authorizing the recovery by shippers of a dollar a day for every day during which the railroad failed to furnish a car for the movement of freight. The changes thus effected revolu? tionize the practice in many States. The court pointed out that previous to the passage of the Carmack amend? ment the court had upheld an Iowa statute, under which a contract limit? ing the damages in case of loss had been annulled, and had also approveo a Pennslyvania case in which it was contended that the public policy of the State was opposed to such con? tracts. ' As a result of the passage of the Carmack amendment, however, the court speaking through Justice Lur ton, held that Congress had mani? fested its intention to deal with the subject of carrier's liability for inter State shipments, and that being the case the State laws must give way. Consequently, its decision at once annulled the Kentucky and Nebras? ka, law, holding such conlr-iutu void. , The court not only annulled State laws which seek to regulate the lia? bility, but it held that the Federal law, as expressed in the Carmack amendment) dealt with the subject of railroad shipments, and that it did not prohibit COntraCtl limiting lia? bility in return on a lOW rate. Justice Lurton said it was just as reasonable to base rates on value as on the character of shipments. Fur? thermore, he added, it was not con? formable to plain principles of jus? tice that the shipper may Understate the value of his property for the pur? pose of reducing the rate and then re? cover a large value in case of lost. He laid down the principle that so long as a railroad or express com? pany has published its r ites, based on the valuation of the property, the transportation company need not in? quire as to the value. He declared that the shipper was hound by what the receipt for the goods showed and by the schedule of rates hied with the Inter-State commerce Commission. As to the Reciprocal Demurrage law f ?r inter-State commerce, the court said that the Hepburn Rate law expressly Axed the duty of carriers to furnish cars and that preculded the States from acting further on that subject. Tlie contention of the advocates and Minnesota reciprocal demurrage was that it placed the shipper on equal grounds with the railroad in that if the railroads had the right to demand demurrage Of shippers when they are tardy in unloading cars the shipper should have the same right to collect demurrage from the railroad when it is tary in delivering care for the movement of freight. OR VNt.liS LOST BY COLD. I.\ev> Vcrc i?f Oranges ami Lemons Between Ban Bernardino ami Loe Ingelcs Frosen. Los Angeles, Cal.. .hm. 7.?From Han Hernardlno to Los Angeles every ?ort of oranges and lemons has been froien. This. w;is the statement that came tonight from Pomona, centre of one ol the heaviest producing section! of the cltrui fruit belt Only a fifth of the crop may be saved, it was asserted, if this be true, the total loss on 160,000 acres of fruit will amount ?lose to }40,(l(M),(l(M?. More conservative estimates, how? ever, AgUred the loa! damage at 110,000,000, rietween $6,000,000 and 11,000,000 of this sum will be loss to rallroade In curtailed freight re? ceipts. 10 PROHIBIT THE PISTOL PLANS ADOPTED BY THE BTJMTER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE TO DO AWAY WITH DEADLY WEAPON. Transmitted to President, Heads of Depuurtmcnts at Washington and Governors of States and Commercial Bodies Throughout the United States. To be Submitted to Peace Conference by Or. Baker. Plans to do away with the pistol adopted at a meeting of the Sumter Chamber of Commerce several weeks ago were Thursday morning received by President Taft, President-elect W'ilson, heads of all of the depart? ments of the government at Wash? ington, governors of all States and commercial bodies in all of the Unit? ed States of America. The pistol has long been known far and wide as a deadly weapon and it is to prevent the shedding of blood that the resolutions have been so widely advertised and steps taken to | urge upon the members of congress their enactment into a law. The resolutions provide for the pro? hibition of the manufacture of pis? tols save by the government and that it shall be unlawful for any per? son to have or carry a pistol except men in the United States army and navy and certain peace officers , during their terms of office. The resolutions do not take up the harm done by the pistol, taking this as an admitted fact by the public gen? erally, but go straight to what is deemed a remedy for the pistol carry? ing evil. Ten thousand copies of the resolution have been printd in circu? lar form by the Chamber cf, Com? merce and will be distributed among I the members of all law making bodies I In the country. They will also be [ sent to commercial organizations throughout the country for them to adopt, if they see fit to do so, and for them to urge upon members of their State General Assembly and Congress to take up and enact into 1 law. The resolutions were brought M Vre Ifta -''ingteXsl? harsher of Corn i merce at a meeting several weeks ago by I>r. S. C. Baker, president of the body, and were unanimously adopt d. Since then it has Keen the wish i of the Chamber of Commerce to have them disaemminated throughout tin country so that other organisations having Influence throughout the country will take them up and act on them. Dr. S. C. Baker, president of the Sumter Chamber of Commerce, left Tuesday evening for St. Augustine, Florida, where he will tonight intro? duce the resolutions at a preliminary peace conference preparatory to the Universal Peace Congress to be held later in the year. Dr. Baker will telegraph the Sumter Chamber of Commerce the action of this body a^ soon as it is made known. Wednesday i >r. Baker Introduced his resolutions . at the annual meeting of the Jack? sonville Chamber of Commerce. The , following telegram was received Thursday morning in reference to the ! matter: "Jacksonville, Fla. Jan. S, 1913. , G. A. Waterman, Secretary Chamber of Commerce, Sumter, s. c. Attended the annual meeting and luncheon of the Jacksonville Hoard of Trade. It is a fine body of men and full of enthusiasm. 1 got our pistol resolution before them and their ; hoard of governors will act upon them later. 1 g<i to St. Augustine tonight. (Signed > S. c. Baker." The resolution! are as follows: Whereas, It is the province of gov? ernment to safeguard human life, se? cure happiness to its people and pro? mote their prosperity; Whereas, homicides in certain sec? tions of our country have assumed alarming proportions, have been sources of needless grief and sorrow, ami are acting as a serious deterrent to desirable Immigration, to natural development and t?? material advance? ment ; Whereas said homicides have been brought a>>< ut almost exclusively by the use of the pistol, an easily I on< cal ed weapon; Whereas the pistol is manufactured for the sole puriH.se of taking human life or Inflicting serious bodily injury, thereby destroying human happiness and jeopardising both moral and mo terlal advancement; Whereas besides thousands of pri? vate Individual! who have met un? timely deaths through the agency of the pistol, ihne presidents have been assassinated and the life of art emi? nent citizen attempted while he was a cfl nil >ii 11' for the high office of president of the United States, these i three assassinations and the attempt COLUMBIA ATTORNEY WANTED ARREST ATTORNEY GENERAL. Attorney Whom Lyon Asked Disbarr? ed Fails in A tempt on Prosecu? tor. Columbia Record, Jan. 7. Barnard B. Evans, an attorney of Columbia and recently a candidate for attorney general in the primary, yes? terday afternoon attempted to swear out a warrant for the arrest of Attor? ney General Lyon before Magistrate H. P Buechel of Waverley, making several allegations. Magistrate Bue? chel refused to issue the warrant be? cause no affidavit was attached. When seen this morning, Magistrate Buechel said that Barnard B. Evans met him on the street yesterday af? ternoon with a warrant against At? torney General Lyon already filled out and requested him to sign it. Mr. Bik chel said that, as there was no affi? davit attached, he refused to grant the request. Mr. Buechel stated that Evans said that he would get the af? fidavit that all the allegations con? tained in tne paper presented could be substantiated by evidence. Yesterday afternoon, after the presses of The Record had started, B. B. Evans came into the office with a paper in his hand and stating that it was a warrant for the arrest of At? torney General Lyon, which had been issued by Magistrate Buechel. Yesterday, in the supreme court. Attorney General Lyon submitted a petition to that court for the disbar? ment of Evans, alleging professional and personal misconduct ill becoming an attorney. cited all having been easy of commis? sion because of the ease of conceal? ment of the pistol; Whereas pistols are manufactured In only a few of the States of this ' union and sent through the regular channels of commerce on their dead I ly mission to all parts of the nation; ! Whereas the pistol is extensively 1 and attractively advertised in such a way as to tend to increase its sale; ( Therefore Be it Resolved: I Kirst: That the pistol ought to be abolished and eliminated except so far as it is necessary for military and naval uses and for the use of au? thorized peace officers; and its pos? session, sale or manufacture other? wise made offenses punishable by se? vere penalties; i Second: That we petition the Sum? ter members of the legislature of South Carolina to secure the enact i ment of such laws as will make it im? possible to either purchase for sale, or to sell, or to buy or use or possess a pistol in tht State of South Carolina except as hereinabove provided, and that we petition the Governor of the state of South Carolina to use every means at his command, through the duly constituted officers of this State, to enforce meanwhile and thereafter all the laws on the statute books re? garding the sale and use of the pistol. Third: That we petition our Sena? tors and Representatives in the Con? gress of the United states to invoke every power of the general govern? ment to ? nact and enforce such laws as will effectively prohibit the manu? facture of pistols, or their sale and purchase, or their use, by any private individual In the United States; and to that end we suggest and urge: (;i> That the United States Con? gress enact statutes declaring the pisti 1 contraband in the hands of pri? vat?* individuals, firms or corporations. I and their private manufacturing un I lawful; that their manufacture be confined to the arst nals of the army and the gunshops of the navy of the United States, and then only for the cse ?d* military and naval institutions ami for such peace officers of the gov? erning nt and of the states and terri? tories under the government as may I he entitled to procure, through state and territorial authorities, pistols for use by peat e officers and not to be j owned by them, hut to be owned by the State or territory procuring them from the g ner d government; and that the Importation of a pistol or pis? tols into the Unlttd States be prohibit \ cd and prevented. <b> That the machinery of inter? state commerce laws be invoked to assist In eradicating the pistol by prohibiting intestate shipments of s pistol or pistols Into any State having State laws Intended tO prevent such shipments Into such State. (c> That by executive order or otherwise, as may he most expedient, the mails be prohibited and closed to any advertisement or correspondence attempting or intended to result In the Shipment for sale or otherwise of any pistol into any state or terrl GOVERNOR BEEKS TO HELP PARTY IN NEW JERSEY. Will Resume Hi> Activities Presi? dent-elect and Hold Conferences With Leaders. Trenton, N. J., Jan. 7.?Gov. Wilson today gave an example of his system of political persuasion when he saw individually nearly all of the Demo? cratic members of the State legisla? ture and earnestly urged them to vote for Edward E. Grcsscup, Democratic State chairman, fo ate treasurer as against Edward awards, also a Democrat an?' jfi *esent comptroller of the Stat<- ? The g' ^ c told the legislators that v ?V .e was a warm personal frie*- Mr. Edwards, he believed th -r's banking connections made .ivisable to elect him State treas r, a position which controls the deposits of public funds. Tomorrow the governor will re? sume his activities as president-elect, as he had made a number of engage? ments with Senators Hoke Smith of Georgia and Thomas P. Gore of Okla? homa. SUPPLIES POWDER TO MEXICO. United States Furnishes Ammunition for Mexi<*ans. New Orleans, Jan. 7.?Approxi? mately 5,000,000 rounds of ammuni? tion has been shipped from New Or? leans to Mexico since the date of the issuance of the so-called nuetrality proclamation by President Taft last spring. Testimony to this effect was given here today before Senator Wil? liam Alden Smith, chairman of the senate committee which is investi? gating the Mexican situation. The bulk of this ammunition was shipped to the Madero government, it is claimed, with the knowledge of agents of the State and treasury de? partments at Washington. In only a few instances were ship? ments made to revolutionary factions opposed to the Madero government. Several representatives of arms cotnpatdes were before- th>^ :M)mmftteo today and were forced to produce original orders, copies of invoices, names of purchasers, names of con? signees, etc. Senator Smith questioned the wit? nesses closely in an effort to ascer? tain whether the money for these war supplies was furnished by American capitalists. After the conclusion of the testi? mony, which was given behind closed do<?rs. Senator Smith declined to com? ment tm it in detail but remarked: "We have struck a warm trail here and the testimony taken does not tend to support the declaration of neutrality by this government?as a matter of fact, it appears that the Madero faction in Mexico has been permitted to get unlimited quantities of arms an*l ammunition while his Opponents have been forced to com? ply with the president's proclama? tion." WESLEY EDWARDS* GIRL WEDS. Convict's Former Eian? oo Takes An? other Man as Husband. Richmond Va.?Twenty years was too long for Mi.-s Maud Iroler, the Fiancee of Wesley Edwards to wait for him to serve his sentenc for par? ticipation in the Eilllsville court room tragedy. < >n Thursday night, ac? cording to a report from Dobson. N. <\. she was married to Kenneth Marsh, of White Plains, N. C, the marriage being solemnised at the home of John F. Nance. Miss holer came into prominence when detectives followed her to Des Meines, la., whither she went to join Edwards, who \sas then a fugitive from justice. The girl unwittingly led the detectives to where Sidna Al? len ami Edwards both were and they were arrested. They later pleaded guilty to indict? ments and reo t d 35 and -7 years' sentences. tory having laws Intended to prevent and do away with the pistol traffic. Fourth Thai < pits t these pre? ambles ami resolutions be distributed to the offices ol the hoards of trade, chambers ?>t commerce and like or? ganisations throughout the United statt s. and that their SSSiStanci be in? voked in sec taring In all States and territories laws such as are hereby urged on the legislature of the state of South Carolina, and also in secur? ing the enactment of such federal statutes and regulations as an herein sugg I to the executive and legis? iativs m hes ol the United States go vet' Mt.