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Washington Statue in Boston Public Gardens ? =o More About the English Home of the Washingtons PROPOSITION seri? ously engaging tbo at? tention of the English people and press is that Sulgrave manor, in Northamptonshire, the home of George Washington's an? cestors, shall be purchased by public subscription in both countries as a visible monument to the cordial rela? tions existing between the two great branches of the English-speaking race. Sulgrave is the place in England most closely associated with the name of Washington. It i? true that George himself attached little importance to this fact. In the early days of the American republic, ancestry was de? spised much more than is now the case. In 178$ he refused to accept the dedication of a book on heraldry because a portion of the community were "clamorously endeavoring to prcpagate an Idea that those whom ttey wished invidiously to designate oy the name of 'well-born' were medi? tating in the first instance to distin? guish themselves from their compat? riots and to wrest the dearest privil? eges from the hulk of the people." An? cestry today is much more regarded in Araeri a than it was a hundred years ago. Washington knew very little about his own forefathers. When he was asked about them by the garter klng-at-arms, he said the first of his family in Virginia had come from one of the northern counties in England, Yorkshire or Lancashire, or even one still further north. Later there was much disputation about his family *ree. but it was finally agreed that the Washingtons of Sulgrave and Brington lid actually rpiing from the Wasbing ona of Warton in Lancashire, a place am the Westmoreland border. Several r?-f ******* Graves of Washington's Ancestors* Sulgrave, England. generations of Washingtons of War ion are recorded, and one of these was the father of Laurence Washington, mayor of Northampton in 1532 and 4545. This Laurence Washington had for mother the daughter of Robert Kytson of Warton, and a sis? ter of Sir Thomas Kytson of Hen Crave In Suffolk. This proved a mat? ter of very considerable importance In their history, because it brought them into connection with the Spencers of Althorp and Wormleighton, through the marriage of Sir Thomas Kytson's daughter, Catherine, to Sir John Spen? cer of Wormleighton, whose grand? son* Sir Robert Spejicer. was created Baron Spencer of Wormleighton in 1603. In process of time the Wash? ingtons of Sulgrave appear to have <ot into financial difficulties. Lau? rence Washington entered the wool trade, perhaps Induced to do so by the fact that Lord Spencer was one of the great floe < masters of his day. This Laurence acquired great riches in the wool trade. In 1539 he became pos? sessed of the manor of Sulgrave for the sum of C321 Ms. H'd. and sub? sequently he purchased additional property He da i many ^cns. of whom the oMcsl ?u Robert, the aa castor of George V it; Ij ,,t<>n. He suc lf ft is feasible to build a spur track eeeded his father ha 1585, when he was of the age of forty. He does not seem to have been so prosperous as his father, and yet seems to have been able to send both his sons, Christo? pher and William, to Oriel college, Ox? ford, where they were hi 1588, the year of the Great Armada. Robert's eldest son was named Laurence, prob? ably after the mayor of Northampton, and In 1610 he, In agreement with his son, agreed to sell Sulgrave to their cousin, Laurence Makepeace. The second Laurence Washington then re? moved to Brington, near Northampton, his father, perhaps, going with him, (hough the latter was buried In the family vault at Sulgrave. Laurence Washington had seventeen children, two of whom rose to high positions and were knighted?Sir William Wash? ington of Packlngton in 1622, and Sir John Washington of Thrapston in 1623. But the younger members of the fam? ily were becoming impecunious. This, then, was the connection of the fam? ily of Washington with Sulgrave man? or. It is a very interesting one. The manor could not be properly described as one of the stately homes of Eng? land. It was built at a good time, but it Is not a very fine example of the period. Nevertheless, a single glance at the pictures of the really grand old place will show how essen? tially English are the architecture and its surroundings. It would have been a very befitting action had it fallen to the lot of the celebrants in Great Brit tain to think first of Sulgrave and to have offered it as a free gift to the United States. The Inhabitants of the latter could have made good use of it. It has long been the object of many a pilgrimage on the part of Americans in Europe, and it might have been a rallying gro :nd and a center where objects of Interest to them could be collected. Something of the kind may yet be done; but perhaps it is better that all of those who are interested in keeping the centenary of the sig? nature of peace should take a share in the acquisition of this memorial of Washington. Volunteer Fireman 7rue Public Spirit of the First President Is Shown in Signi? ficant Action Recorded One of the facts in the history of George 'Washington which most his? torians fail to mention is that he was a volunteer fireman. About 1750 he enrolled himself in the volunteer fire company at Alexandria, Va. It Is related that on more than one occasion when Washington learned that there was a fire in the vicinity of Alexandia which had called out the firemen he mounted his horse and rode thither from Mount Vernon. The records of the place show that when the volunteer fire department was or? ganized each member agreed "out of mutual friendship" to carry to every fire "two leathern buckets and one great bag of oznaburg or wider linen," which was the primitive means of ex? tinguishing a fire. The Friendship Fire company of Alexandria was organized in 1774, at which time Washington was a dele? gate to the Continental congress In Philadelphia. The members of the 'company, remembering Washington's former services as a fireman, elected him an honorary member at their first meeting, and forwarded him a copy of the minutes. To show his appreciation of the compliment, he at once made a thor? ough inspection of the different kinds of fire engines in use in Philadelphia, and upon his second return there in 1775, he bought from one Gibbs a small fourth-class engine for 80 pounds and ten shillings, and just be? fore he set out for Boston to become commander-in-chief of the Continen? tal army sent this little engine as a present to the Friendship company. Washington did not lose his Inter? est in tire matters through his eleva? tion to position and power Cpon his retirement to Mount Vernon, after his second term as president, and when his fame spread around the world, he continued to take active Interest In the volunteer 11 r?* depi rtntent, and aided it in many ways. Gets a Relic of Washington. The notes from which Washington delivered his farewell address an* be? queathed to Miss Lizzie C. Faxon of Dedbani, Mass., by the will of her grandmother. Mlsi Faxon Is a de? scendant of Thomas Jefferson and has a valuable collection of Jefferson let? ters and papers. from the Seaboard t<> the water f- ?- ? Wash ington Shields Five Distinct Specimens Are Known, but Heralds Declare Their Origin Is the Same THERE are five distinct Washington shields, but in the heraldic records they are pronounced of the same ori? gin, as follows: A silver (argent) shield upon which are two red (gules) bars; in the top (chief) three red mullets (spurs of knights' boots). A red (gules) shield with a single white (silver) bar charged with three mullets. A red shield with a white bar upon which are three cinguefoilles, also red. A red shield with two bars white. In chief three martlets. A shield of four bars, white and red, three mullets. Washington was fond of genealogi? cal Investigations, and in the College Df Heralds can be seen a score 01 more of pages he wrote at variout times in his eager search after family arms and crests. He was proud ol his heraldic ancestors, and this family es? timate Is well expressed in the fre? quency with which he blazoned the Washington shields upon his plate. In Early Days "Republican Simplicity" Was by No Means the Rule During the Regime of Washington PRESIDENT WASHINGTON never went to congress on public busi? ness except in a stage coach drawn by six cream-colored horses. The coach was an object which would ex? cite the admiration of the throngs even now in our streets. It was built In the shape of a hemisphere, and its panels were adorned with cupids sur? rounded with flower8.and fruits. The coachman and postilions were arrayed in gorgeous liveries of white and scarlet. The Philadelphia Gazette, a govern? ment organ, regularly gave out court news for the edification of the citi? zens. From this journal the people were permitted to learn as much as it was deemed proper they should know about the president's movements, and a fair amount of space was also de? voted to Mrs. Washington, who was, however, not referred to as "Mrs. Washington." but as "the amiable consort of our beloved president." When the president made his appear? ance at a ball or a public reception a dais was erected for him, upon which he might stand apart from the throng, and the guests or visitors bowed to him in solemn silence. "Republican simplicity" has only come in later times. Very few per? sons presumed to shake hands with , General Washington. One of his friends, Governor Morris, rashly undertook, for a foolish wager, to go up to him and slap him on the shoul? der, saying: "My dear general, I am happy to see you so well." At least there is a tradition to that effect. The moment fixed upon arrived, and Mr. Morris, already half-repenting of his ^ager.'went up to Wa^Vington, placed his hand upon his shoulder and ut? tered the prescribed words. Wash? ington, as the story has it, stepped suddenly back, fixed his gaze upon Morris for several moments with an angry frown, until the latter retreated abashed and sought refuge in the crowd. No erp else ever tried a sim? ilar expert \ No royal levees were more pun', iously arranged than those of our first president. Raven, Not Eagle George Washington's Coat-of-Arms Did Not Suggest Emblem of America's National Bird HUNDREDS of writers have an? nounced that the crest on General George Washington's coat-of-arms is an eagle, and that this family emblem was the foundation of the suggestion that '.he eagle be the emblem of the American republic. While the crest may appear like an eagle, the facts are that the heraldic grant of arms to this Washington branch present a raven issuing from a golden ducal crown, the crest of the family. Fur? thermore, Washington himself clearly BDOWH by correspondence with the her- ( aid's office at London that it was not 1 an eagle, and the letter is dated ten yean after the eagle hnd become tho emblem of the republic (June 20, 1782) His letter was sent from Phila? delphia May 2, 1792. the third year of his presidency, ami the package was sealed with the Washington family arms, ai la Indicated in ? letter which reads: "The arms Inclosed In your letter are the same that are held by tho family here; though I have also seen, and have used, as you may perceive by the seal to this packet, a flying ; griffin foi the crest" i i worKs pumping station th< city can On the Scene of the Recent Massacres In New Turkey?Even the Men Who In Cold Blood Slew Americans Are Permitted to Walk at Liberty. Ey WILLIAM T. ELLIS. Adana.?I watched Baltimore burn. I trod the smoking ruins of San Francisco. 1 bare threaded my way through camps of myriads of starv? ing Chinese, in the groat famine of four years ago. But no experience I have ever undergone his been so depressing as a visit to Adana, the center of the Armenian massacres of a year and a haif ago. Throughout these investigations in Turkey, Adana has kept arising as a specter. Now I have seen what remains to be seen of that holocaust of blood and fire and pillage. The heart of the city is still in ruins. People are only beginning to rebuild. Widows and orphans bulk largely in the popula? tion. A measure of self support is coming through the picking of the cotton crop, at which a family may earn as much as 25 cents a day. It seemed to me, as I walked about the streets of the city, and had pointed out to me individuals as well as neighborhoods which had been re? sponsible for a share of the five thou? sand deaths, as if there were a cyn? ical leer upon the faces of the Turks who watched the stranger pass. A Pall Upon the Country. I came down through Asia Minor to Adana .and two days back in the Taurus mountains I was told that "Here the massacres began." The .Christians wore harried through many villages and into Adana and Tarsus. The whole region ran blood. One cannot enter into conversation with a group of people without quick? ly hearing echoes of those awful days. I chanced to meet six prisoners Just out of jail, where they had been im? prisoned since the massacres, because they had defended their village against the Turks who assaulted it. Some of the stories of the defense of individual homes and village com? munities are thrilling to the last de? gree. One English speaking young man told me quietly when I ques? tioned him that he had not been in Adana at the time, but in a near-by village which had successfully resist? ed the attacks of the Moslems. At the last attack, when the Turkish soldiers and the fanatics came upon them, the men of the village moved in a body outside the walls, to make there a last stand for their homes and loved ones; for they knew if the butchers got within the gates, all would be over. The massacre swept like a forest fire over all this beautiful region. It gives a visitor a creepy feeling to have a resident point out to him, here and there, an individual who led in the attacks upon the Christians. The real leaJers In the massacre were never punished. To the credit of the yourg Turks, be it said, they hanged f'fty-six unimportant persons whom they held responsible. On the spot I find an ominous questioning as to whether the party in power has not been obliged to make terms with the reactionaries. Unavenged Americans. It comes as a surprise to learn that nobody has been punished for the cold-blooded murders of Rogers and Maurer, the two Americans who were shot down while engaged in carrying water to extinguish a fire. The very names of the murderers are men? tioned here. It would seem as if the simplest kind of detective work on the part of the government could find the culprits. I saw the exact place cf the tragedy. The men were shot from a window that was pointed out to me, while they were engaged In a work of mercy. It was not random balls from a distance?the nature of the street precludes that?but well nlmed shots from the home of a well known citizen, occupied at the time by Turkish neighbors. Trowbridge, the third American, escaped only by falling on his face. Here arises an Important question. The safety of all other Americans In Turkey Is endangered by the immu? nity of the murderers of Rogers and Maurer. The fanatics have not been slow to spread the news that two for? eigners had be*?n killed and nobody punished. If this may be done with impunity once, why not again? Amer? icans in this part of the world are quite perturbed over the situation, and they point to the well known - eage of Great Britain in following to the bitter end whosoever sheds Brit I h blood. The deepest instinct of nationality calls for the protection of citizens nbnnd. The department of State has filed a caveat with tho Turkish government, ho that the way Is yet open to demand the punishment of the offenders and indemnity to the 1 t:iinilies of the Slain. TT True TTTTr: o few persons of no consequence were punished for the murders of fifteen thousand Christians; but nobody has been punished ipc< lib ally for the death of the murdered Americans. The Reason for the Massacres. "When tIk* hive la full We gather the honey," Is the way one Turk I* quoted m having explained Ihe Vdsna massacre, snd those that have tiro II ded it throughout tho past tin v years. That Is tO nay. many fore! ,?> ers resident here believe thai tl ? prosperity of the Chris lans, which ' markedly superior to that of the v save live t<> seven hundred dollars lems, Is a temptation that provokes tue massacres. This would make the end chiefly sought not vengeance but ?Imply loot. Certainly, In addition to the mas: acres, the house:? and stores of the Christians were completely gut? ted. I saw whole lines of si.ops that had been stripped have by the Turks. The latter .'.re no better for all their plunder, for "Come easy, go easy." Most of It hi been spent In dissipa? tion ant v i ring. The latter vice sits heavily upon Adana. Another reason, greater than the loot, waa the c arrying off of Christian girls and women to Turkish harems. This is a phase of the massacre which natu:, lly cannot be written about In detail. It was no case of haphazard plunder, such as that In which the Sabines used to figure; i. was rather Turks making choice of the daugh? ters of neig: bors with whose un? veiled frees they were familiar. Each man had his prize marked before the Eignal was given. And this applied also to loot as well as to lust. One typical inst. nee was recalled to me. .is I met a woman who had lost in the massacre every member of her own and her husband's family. Hei daughter, I was informed, was one of the twenty-seren Armenian girls who brairicd their hair together and per? ished in a burning house, taking this means of making sure that none of them i.i an a^ony of pain would es? cape from the fiery prison, which was really a del'veran'-o from the fate tl v most dreaded. It is undoubtedly true that some of the Armenians had been indiscreet in the use they made of the liberties granted by the constitution, they talk 'ng patriotism and a possible renewal of the ancient Armenian kingdom. They followed Cue general custom of carrying firearms and they openly practiced with them. They were flamboyant and injudicious, and gave this slight pretext for the awful crimes which followed. The Holy Law of Elood. The fundamental cause must be sought deeper than any of the consid? erations named. The reason lying at the bottom of the massacres may not bo doubted. It is clear to who? ever would look. It was the appeal of Abdul Hamid to the holy law of the SLeriat. One need not go far i The Ctarl :,,n community, which rep refonti many donominationi of tho older churches, stand solidly together in a conviction of a possible repeti? tion of the massacres. At Adana I ! ad an irferview with the leaders of ? orthodox Greek church, the Greek Catholic church, the Armenian Cath? olic church, the Gregorian Armenian church and the old Syriac church, tnd they were a unit in declaring that tho attitude of Islam toward Christians has not changed, and that the worst is stil! possible, although they have confidence in the good intentions of the present Governor. Even the Rev. W. N. Chambers, the American Board missionary, who has been the fore? most figure iu events subsequent to the massacres, and is easily the lead? er of the community, is under tho same clor.d of depression. Small won? der, when he recalls the murdered friends who died is his arms, and the bodies which he rescued from mutila? tion. The argument for the possibility of another massacre lies in the fact that there has been no change in the minds of the people. The Moslems have not been made over by the pun? ishment of an inconspicuous few of their number. They still look upon the Christians with antipathy. The village Moslem children cry a^ their Christian playmates: "1 am going to get that dress when we kill you." A Crop of Orphans. The aftermath of the massacres is the multitude of orphans, each with a story as individual and as tragic as if his were the only story of sorrow in the land. I have met many at Tarsus, where 5,000 Armenians refugeed in the American school, so that only two hundred were slain. I saw a little boy of 7 or 8, whose father and broth? ers had been killed before his eyes. I asked how he escaped. With a sig? nificant gesture he answered: "I lay among the dead"; thai: is, he had fallen down as if slain Lnd had wait? ed until the murderers left. The mission schools are over? whelmed with these orphans. In Adana they are so thick in one of the schools, which the missionaries hope may one day be made larger, that they sleep on the floor so closely that the teachers must pick their way among their bodies in order to reach International Mission Hospital, Adana. i ther back than che indubitable fact I that the one line of division which marked the massacre was the line of religion. It was Islam raising the sword against Christianity. The Sheriat was the bond that held to? gether the murderers' legions. The power of tho hodjas and mollahs was the machinery chiefly used In organ j izlng the massacres. The one great j weapon left In Abdul Hamid's hands was his office as raliph, "the Com? mander of the Faithful." So, to con? found the plans of the Young Turks, and to Invoke foreign intervention, he gave the command to strike. Only the power of the Young Turks pre? vented similar massacres in many places. This is a chapter mostly un? written. Sometimes It was a force? ful governor who prevented the ful? fillment of orders from Constantino? ple. In one case it was a Young Turk military officer, who, upon receiving news of the plan, went into the pres? ence of the Governor and said: I want you to understand that if there is to be a massacre here, it will begin with you." j In Adana, strangely enough, most of the Christians still blame the Young Turks for at least a measure of re iponiibility. They say that the Young Turks wanted to give a lesson to the turbulent Armenians and Macedo? nians. They point out that the worst massacre occurred nine days after the first, the Christians having been dis? armed in the Interval. The Salonlca soldiers they charge with participat? ing in the slaying of the Christians. ! There are some things that cannot easily be explained about the massa I ere, if Ihe New Hegime is to be ac j <[ultted of all responsibility, yet there Is DO doubt. whatever agencies con? tributed, the real power of the mas- , ? icn : y in the ineradicable hatred f >r < ristiai s on the part of the fol 1 v a of the Prophet. Will Tfere Be Another? When I ashed the Minister of the interior in Constantinople, Talnat icy. If Ihere could he another raassa ?re. I" lifted lip his hands and cried, -Cod forblThe Sheikh nl Isla i prsured me positively, and he was ? I rveaking as the religious head of i i lam in the Turkish government, (hat sin h a thing could no( occur i again. The enlighti ned and strong handed governor of this province, DjemrJ Bey, gave me his word tha there would be no more massa? rei in the region of which ho has Binee 1 taken charge. No assurance could 1" more positive than these 1 havo laid from the highest quarters, None the less, in tho Interior of the j country the people fool otherwise annually, now paid for dray age of their own rooms. Pathetic tales of ; the murders are legion. Here is one, for instance, of a widow who has to support a swarm of little children, an aged mother, and an idiot sister, and ' who herself has no training for earn* I ing a livelihood. The missionaries have started industrial work among the Armenians, and they have also established an international hospital, which is to be a permanent memorial of the Adana massacre. Surveying the Situation. It seems to me as if "Remember Adana" should be written on the mind of the Young Turk party when it is tempted to boast; and also before the eyes of all the statesmen and pub? licists who have anything at all to do with affairs in the Turkish empire. There are some reasons why this massacre may not easily "be repeated, I but there are greater reasons why a i duplicate of it may burst upon the I world at almost any time. For the j mind of Islam has not changed. (Copyright, 1911. by Joseph B. Bowles.) Barney Won. Henri Gressit, the Savage advance man. who, it is claimed, is the per? fect sartorial gem of his profession, sailed yesterday n the Cretic for Mediterranean points on a five weeks' pleasure trip. At 9 o'clock yesterday morning Barney Reilly decided to j o along. They had to hurry, but they caught the ship. Quite pompously Henri went abroad. Barney followed him in anything but a pompous man? ner. A few moments before the moorings wore cast off Henri, talking to an other passenger, said: ''My man and I had to hurry to get here in time." Barney heard him. He knew he was that "man." and he wasn't ex actly pleased. Stepping up to Henri h?? asked: "Where did you tell me you're to be bead waiter when you return to New York ?" Henri turned away, drew a pink silk handkerchief from his sleeve and mopp? d his brow.?New York Tele? graph. Scmr- Uses fcr Antiquities. Old parchments on which state doc iT".'Hts were written have been sold ii England for varl ?us purposes, Fish? mongers and tobacco dealers made nee it many tons o * tn, a gold beater > ?ug 11 rge quantities to b^? sold to ' to I ui ed In whipping tops, and i ? .cr to a pastry ? in I I to make jelly out und iiem too poor for