University of South Carolina Libraries
be WtaMjman ait? .Southron. SATURDAY. JUNE II, 1910. The Sumter Watchman was found? ed in 1 s50 and tin True Southron in 1I6C. The W.iMiin in and Southron tow has the combined circulation and Inttuence cf both of the old papers, and I? manifestly the best advertising medium in Sumter. I N \ I I I I? TO ?II Mill ST< >V ? h i il. abb ??Iii? i \N II \ l-dt the I lly h> the Sea. Mr. E. 1 Itcardon has recei\ed the following Invitation from Charleston. He asks that owners of automobiles communicate with him at an early date: Mr. E. I. Reardon. Sumter, 8. C. Pear Sir: The Charleston Automobile Club have determined to hold the Oood Roads Rally on Tuesday. July 12th. The programme will Include a con? vention from 11 o'clock until 2 at a hall In this city, and a tlsh fry and clam bake and a hop at the Isle of Palms In the afternoon and evening. We beg to extend to you an earnest Invitation to be present and take part in the proceedings as well as In the festivities. We desire to interest every auto moblllst in the low country and in? vite them to be present and. there? fore, will ask that you kindly send us a list of th.a ivrs of cars in Sum? ter county, as soon as possible, so that Invitation* may be sent to them Yours truly, James Cosgrove. Chairman. America, Th * Paradise of Criminals. Crime is not due wholly to Ignor? ance. Sice 1889 itelllgence has be? come widely diffused throughout the Cnlted States, but according to Su? perintendent Masten, of the New York state reformatory, homlcidt in this country have increased 150 per eent. notwithstanding the multiplied facili? ties of knowledge. Education may operate to prevent rrlme within certain limits. Rut so long as penalties are not enforced and criminals not convicted as statutes are virtually dead letters, so long will crime continue to propagate Itself. The same authority from whom we have Just quoted also throws light up? on the court records, showing that for various reasons less than 10 per cent, of the nu n wh | rnmlt mur? der In this country are punished, whereas In Oermany. for example, the ?JgJVteejggi will aggregate 95 per cent. Barring Russia alone, he says that homicides In the Cnlted States will outnumber those of any ten civilized nations combined. In the opinion Superintendent Masten there are fully 350.000 per? sons In the Cnlted States who choose and pursue criminal careers, but who are not touched by the law. He says further tha* while the nat? ional de? t I* $9? 1.000,000, the annual cont of . rime In II.373.000.000. N< t onlv for sociologists hut f??r offlc? n mi the court whose duty It Is lo or for e the penal statutes, there I* food Nf serious thought In this strong exhibit, and if the light of lib? erty I* not to be ultimately extinguish? ed In this land of free Institutions, it Is time for the enforcement of the law t?? he demanded by an authori? tative public sentiment. The Jury considering th? sanity of Rethune. the convicted Clarendon county murderer W dmsday. decided that the criminal is sane, and he was sentenced t ? be hung on the first Friday in July. The defendant 1TM represented l.y Mr. A. A. Manning, of the Sumter Par. who made a hard tight for his client. Rethune develop? ed Insanity, it Is altered, after his ron\|ction and during ills contiio - mtnt In the penitentiary, where he ?vn < .? ? r r ? ?t'e k. eplng. The plu? sh i.in for the penitentiary. 1 >r. Cut? ler. P Pth ? I that In his opinion the negr? is insane. This had no weight with the Jury, ami he was or? der I e t ciited. Mr Charley Kavaaaugh has been added t ? the marshals r..r the auto motdie parade during the gremen's tournament. ?eatfa Blltotl area tried by tin r? eefilef Thuradaj i>>r soiling boose, lief attorie . Mr Qeofge I?. Levy demand* ed u Jury. Tie , itv put up Its testl m??n>. two BO gr?? worn, n, who Ufere tried s? \? r ? I days ago for selling. Tb? \ testified t?? buying it from Benin, hut th it 'III le t go with the jury an I UM ,. . Miii. d her. I'ri.r v ('??"' la* C iraon, <-i th ? Unlverslt) of ?uth Curolltea received his M. \ i |tee 1 high, t davtlnet inn this weik. Mr. Irving Fnrman I.. Is. r gridu itel with highest die* tlnetlon. receiving bis p.. A. degree. Mr. I * iiil Kenne.|y i:..wman. a rising senior was un ?ng the highly distin? guished In his ? i ? nd i i a i r !? ? ??.. Preston scholarship. \<> DISPENSARY IXDICTMEXS. Rcrngltni <>f Rlchland Grand Jurs "M\Mcr\" to Judge DeVore, Columbia. June s.?No dispensary Indictment! were handed out today by Attorney General Lyon. .?s was ex pootod, The grand jury wai dismiss? ed by Judge l>e\*ore, who called at? tention tO the fact that there was nothing for the grand jury to do, al? though It had batn called to return hare today by ? manage from the office of the Attorney General. gpeahlng lo the grand, jury, Judge DeVore said: "i called the grand jnr>- t<> return here loday at the re? quest of the Attorney General, what he wanted you hold for i do not knew. 1 assumed, however, that he had some? thing of public interest that he wished to put hefore you. All has gone up In smoke now. The whole matter is WOUad up in mystery to to me.* The grand jury was paid in full to? day for the whole time that it has boon in atteendame on the Court, Which includes the week during which the grand jury was waiting at the At? torney General's request A few Weekl ago indictments against Moton A. Goodman, who was charged with conspiracy. were no] prosaed and at the time the grand jury was asked to r> tur., the follow? ing Tuesday. Returning at that time, the grand jury found no indictments waiting for it and was then called to in. el today, "at the request of the At? torney General'i office." When the grand Jury met this morn? ing Solicitor Cobh announced that there was nothing to hand out. Then Judge DeVor! made it very plain that there was something unusual in the way the grand jury had heen held Ifl s. ssion for nearly a week. Attorney General Lyon is not very communicative about the matter, lie stated to the News and Courier cor p Ipondont that the matter would ap? pear when indictments were handed out, hut until then he did not care to dl?CU? the situation. luiopcnn Sight ?ec4ng. The annual hegira of American tourists to Europe has commenced. More than 17,500 persons have en? gaged passage on the trans-Atlantic steamers for the month of June. This record is unprecedented, but an ex? planation is found In the abnormal mania which has been created this summer by the presentation of the "Passion Play" at Oberammergau. For actual transpartaion alone these June passages will pay $3,000,00. And since most of the great ocean liners fly European flags, the bulk of this money will go to foreign corpor? ations. Moreover, It is estimated that while In Europe these June passengers Wtll spend not less than $12.000,000. Quite an outgo for one month?but less than one-third perhaps of the entire summer's business In foreign travel. When we take Into consideration the fact that comparatively few Euro? peans come tO this country for slght selng purp Mas, we are confronted with the startling proportions of an outgo for which we get no equivalent f t urn. And if we will enumerate the rich American heiresses who are annually captured by foreign dukes, we will And that the tribute which Europe axaotl from Ul year after year is still further Increaeed, Americans will probably continue to go abroad so long as the old an cestral seats continue to beckon?so long as cathedrals and castle and gal? leries of art continue to attract. I iropaani are drawn to America by no such magnets. Hut we hold the Industrial balance Of power, We produce raw materials which they must have?wheat and Cotton and corn. We manufacture articles Which they can not get along without. And perhaps in the course of time w e will begin to get hack what are have squandered on the other side of the water.?Atlanta Georgian. The meetings of the county board of commissioners is conspicuous these days lor the absence of the talk about tie- Turkey < reek nuisance. The counts board requested an estimate ??I the cost t.f the work and appoint? ed a time for a special meeting to e. insider that estimate. A n aet Of Providence prevented that meeting being hei.i. i.ut the board has had tw > regular meetings since then, hut n< thing h is been said about it. If the ereek. Iks such ;? nuisance, why 1. . tie ? timate rn?t been made? i( made, why bus the matter nut bean brought hefore the board? This is j,... nerloii* a matter or it appeared leveral months ago to !>? treated w Ith sueh Indifference, Judge Rieh in ?n h ? i a leather winged oat at bis office with it', young. The young arc carried by the mother until they get large enough ??? shift tor themselves, It is . tim.it. ,i that Alaska has i?;. ..??<?.) t"tis of roal In sight. Dut with her climate it Is hardly more than she tueds --San Francis.hro nkle. Farmers' Union News ?AND Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Conducted by E, \V. Dabhs, President runners' Union of Sumter County.) The Watchman and Southron having decided to double its service by ?eml-we? kly publication, would improve that service by special features. The fIi'sl to he inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers' Union and I Tactical Farmers which 1 have been requested to conduct. It will be my aim to Rive the Union news and olttcial calls of the Union. To that end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish JUCh clij dngs from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletins as 1 think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of o. r readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and l ibllshed. Trusting this I>epartma..t rill be of mutual i.cnerlt to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for tl is Department should be sent to E. W. Dabhs. Mayesvllle. S. C. Some Kamlum Thoughts. i trust our readers will read care? fully the article about cowpeai by Prof. Barrow. Soja beam and velvet Leans will accomplish the sann- re? sults, vis: Bhade the land, accumu? late and fix nitrogen, and make/an abundance of valuable feed, in point nf yield of seed ioja beans will prob ably h ad every other legume by from hair as much more to double the quantity of (dean seed per acre. E. W. I). T i ll I: MOST VALUBALE CROP OF THE sot Til. This i* What the Cowpea Would Be If We Gave It a Chance?The Value of a Crop of Peas, the Kind to Plant, and When ami How?Plant Every Available Aero. As a small hoy upon the sugar plantations of Louisiana my earliest recollection is that every third year the land w as sow n to c ow peas, and the value of this process for building Up land was so thoroughly understood that 1 took it for granted that this was the custom wherever peas would grow. For a long while after I learn? ed differently it was a source of wonder that every one did not sow peas as regularly as those planters. 1 still can not well understand why it should be necessary to argue to any farmer in the South the advantage of a good cover of peas. The great need of the soils of the South is vegetable matter or Humus. This Is necessary, not only as a source of plant food, but for its me? chanical effect upon the soil and be? cause it increases the ability of that soil to hold and to supply moisture to plants. This vegetable matter, it is true, can be supplied by turning under any plant, but most plants, when so treated, add no food to the soil,-as they have obtained the nitro? gen, phosphoric acid and potash they contain from the soil itself, and hence only return what they have taken away. The cowpea and other members of the legume family, poe? tess the power of gathering their nitrogen from the atmosphere. So when they are grown upon land and then turned under they actually add nitrogen to the soil. Free Nitrogen for the Cotton crop. Cotton, yielding a bale per acre, when ( are is taken to return the stalks and leaves t<> the soil, re? moves therefrom about -n pounds of nitrogen In the lint and seed. This is worth over $7. If we allow the leaves to dry up and blow away and then l urn our cotton stalks, as is too Often done, we remove an additional 66 pounds of nitrogen, worth over 11 o.OO. If we turn under the stalks and leaves from this crop and then plant and grow upon the land a crop of peas, they will make us a yield of at least a ton and a half of vines. Those \ines when turned under, or when fed to cattle and the resultant manure added to the soil will add thereto something like 60 pounds of nitrogen-?more than replacing what was removed by the cotton. Thi t'<o. is a decided gain as it all cane from the air. In addition t.? the nitrogen. thes. poas contain In their runts an< stems some "jn pounds of phosphorh acid and inn pounds of potash. li is true that these latter came fron the soil, but they were largely ob tahed from Iho deeper layers no often foraged by moat plants. Sine. m In n t?? ttimed to (p.. noil In tie form of decaying pen vines thes< substances are doubly as vnluabl? as tiny were before, it Is only fair b ehn ru. the soil with on< hall the! \ i lue. From a plant I in it i I a nd point then, wc h.i \ ? the following rieeotin w hen it i rop of peas I? grow n upoi this land and the vines turned un der HO it.s. of nitrogen at i s <?.si 10 lbs, phos. acid, at 0&5c. . 1.1 li.s potash, at oi.2.2 I Total value of the plant food in 1 1-2 tons pea vines and roots. $14.10 Why Peavines Should Not Be Plowed Inder. But turning under pea vines is very much like eating only half of the loaf, it will pay to grow pea vines ;is a fertilizer alone, but there is another way in which we can use them anil very much Increase our profits. We all know the value of the peavlne as a feed, hut many of US do not realize fully that we can feed these vines and by carefully saving and returning the resultant manure to the soil upon which the peas were grown practically git full benefit of the plant food they con? tained. While only SO per cent, of j this plant food re-appears in the ma? nure, yet it is in so much better form for the use of the plants, that what we do get is easily worth what the original quantity was worth. When cottonseed meal is worth $M0 a ton, the nutrients in a ton of pea hay are worth $10. Then the ton and a half that the land in ques? tion will yield will easily he worth $15. Since we are first going to feed this hay and then save the re? sultant manure, we will then realize [ the following from it: ll 1-2 tons of hay, worth.$15.00 Manure from this hay con? tains plant food worth .... 14.10 Total value derived from one acre of peas.$29.10 Other Benefits of the Pea Crop. But all the benefits of the pea have not yet been enumerated. Some have not entered into the above ac? count, because it is not possible to figure them in dollars and cents. The very shading of the ground by the peas during their growth is of value. We know that all fertile soils contain immense numbers of living things, known as bacteria. Some of these bacteria are harmful, but the majority are working for man's benefit whenever conditions are favorable. Among the number of beneficial bacteria found in soils is one that has the power, under cer? tain conditions, of fixing nitrogen from the air in the soil. This work? er is known as the nitric bacteria. The conditions under whic h fixing of nitrogen takes place? through this medium most readily are a temper? ature of from GO to 100 degrees, the presence4 of a moderate amount ol moisture, the free access of air, and semi-darkness. There must also he present in the soil a moderate amount of lime. When our soil is covered by a growth of peavlnes these conditions largely prevail. The leaves and vines keep the surface from becom? ing too dry, they keep it shaded and prevent its being packed by rains, thus allowing a free access of air and as a consequence the soil is able J to Mx a large amount of nitrogen. While there is no way of accurately liguring the value of nitrogen so J added to our soil, yet there is no ? doubt it Is much greater than most 1 of us realize. ? I Tilings to Consider When Planting Pi?an. .lust how and when it is best t<> plant peas, varies with so many con? ditions that one hesitates to lay down any fixed rule. In the sugar district of Louisiana, the practice is to plant the torn in '.-loot lows, ami when this crop is about waist high t<> sow peas .it the rate of 1 1-2 to 2 bushels per acre. In othi r sections it i< customary to plant ever3 other row mhI ? ?metimos every third row- in peas, Some plant a hill of peas be? tween each hill of corn, while others plan! their corn in wide rows (about i feel > a ml di ill pens on . it h. r side of tie- corn. With i.r land, some "i the i latter methods nre probably best, ;is th< n "He is il l- t,, S'i\ c the i" is one op two workings thatt will lid I hem mil. rlully. Since peas gather the nitrogen they need from the air, it Is, of course seldom necessary to use any of thin substance as a fertiliser for them. Rut it the soil Is very pom- it will pay to supply them with a small . mount of nitrogen in order to give them a good start. Two hundred i pounds of cottonseed meal applied at the time of planting frequently makes quite a dlffa rence in tin yield. Peas are, however, great potash and phosphate feeders, and it always pays to supply the>e substances in an abundance. The planting of peas in corn is only one of the many ways in which this er? p should he used. There is no latter plant to follow lnt< r grain with, and none that so well prepares the ground for Mich. Prepare the Land Well. It is a mistake not to give the soil good preparation for peas. if the ground is broken deeply and well pulverised before sowing them, very little preparation will be neces? sary to succeed them with winter g.vin. When sown upon grain stubble they can be sown either I roadcast or in drill and cultivated. W ith po(?r land the latter method is preferable. it requires more seed when sown broadcast, hut this is offset by the saving of cultivation. LTse plenty of seed. Two bushels per acre when sown broadcast is not an excessive quantity and even when sown in drills a bushel to the acre is none too much. (>f varieties there are probably as many of peas as of any other known crop. They differ in a wide degree both in appearance, in size, in color, and in method of growth. Some yield an abundance of fruit with litth Vine, while others have just the re? verse propensity, in the color and size of the fruit and of the pod they also 'nave a wide range of variation. But they all possess the valuable trait Of gathering nitrogen from the air. Peas are subject to very few dis? eases and are attacked by few Insect enemies. There is one disease that many varieties have in common with cotton, however. That is wilt, or root rot. The variety known as "Iron" resists this disease and hence .should always he planted on land subject t>> this trouble. Peas Every Third Year on all Lands. I The pea should be the most abund? ant plant upon every farm in the South. The intelligent and econom? ical farmer will so manage his land that it will produce at least one crop of peas every three pears. Whether these peas are turned under or are saved and fed, they cannot fail to pay. No man has done his full duty to his farm until he has seen to it that peas are growing upon every foot that it is possible for them to grow upon. Plant peas early in the morning, at noon, in the evening. Plant them early in the season and later, plant peas as long as there is a chance for them to make anything, and then, when next spring comes and your neighbor is paying 20 cents a pound for nitrogen and starving his plants for it, show him your crop and with pencil and paper figure how many dollars the peas have saved you. Then when harvest time comes count those dollars. One last word, plant peas, plant peas, plant peas! ?Progressive Farmer. BASE BALL DOPE. Owing to the fact that the Wedge field team will not have to leave the City until 9^30 o'clock, the manage? ment of the Sumter Collegians has decided to have the game tomorrow called at 5:30, which will allow ample time for the playing of the entire nine innings, and will give the merchants and their employees an oportunity to sei- fully seven innings of the game. The Wedgetield team is going to be a rather tough proposition for the Sumter boys to deal with. Strange, the Pig Btdewheeler will be on the tiring line with an assortment of curv es that have won him a big reputa? tion. He will he supported by a strong team, composed of the best players of the neighborhood section, and including several college men of good reputation as ball players. The probable line-tip of the locals will be: Duffle, 1st. base; Phelps, 2nd. base; Walter Jones, shortstop; Monaghan, 3rd. base; Dick, right field; Haynsworth, tenter held; Willie Jones, left Held; Marshall, catcher; Levl oi- Chandler, pitcher .vir. Jim Calk, a former Newherry College crack player, vv ill probably officiate as Cmpire. Mr. Calk will keep the game going, and his work as arbiter will lend ginger to the play. ti the fans want base ball during the summer months, this is their op? portunity to show their desire. The locals have been organised with very little financial backing, and they arc In need of money. The admission price is only twenty-live cents, with no extra charge for grandstand, and there should be a good crowd out to? morrow alp rnoon. The alarm ?1 llr< Puseday ?as . i us,.,| b) a pi!< of wai te paper in the l ack lot of the Osteen Publishing Co., building becoming Ignited from the furnace used for uniting linotype metal. The paper made a lug blase but was extinguished with a few buckets of water and no damage was d-Ule. THE CASE OF GUERRE. One of the Queerest Stories of Don* blcs in History* l\ rhapa the most remarkable case of doubles in all history is that of Martin Guerre, a Frenchman, who was horn near Bayonne in the first half of the sixteenth century. Mar? tin Guerre was the son of a weil to to farmer and brickmaker, and, as was the custom of the country at the time, he married at the age of 11 I Bertande de Rois, who had reached j the age oi lo. For eight years they j lived together. Unfortunately Martin stole a bush ' el of c ?rn from his father. Fright? ened by the heniousness of his ? rime, he deserted his wife and fled to Spain. There he entered the ser? vice of Emperor Charles V, and af? ter several years of campaigning, seems to have forgotten his wife, Bertrande and his baby boy, Sancho. At any rate, he ceased to write home and his family lost all trace of him. His absem e stretched on to eight years. Then one evening a stranger ar? rived at the inn of the village where the deserted wife was still living. He at once tojd his host that he was Martin Guerre and recounted the adventures and hardships that had kept him from home so long. The rumor of Martin Guerre's return soon spread, and his four sisters has? tened to the hostelry to welcome him home. They found him much changed. He' had gerne eight years before, scarcely more than a boy. Now he. was a mature man, bronzed and bearded. Nevertheless, they welcom? ed him. embraced him and carried the news to his wife, Bertrande hastened to him at once. When she saw him first she started back with misgiv? ing but he addressed her tenderiy, repeated word for word their part? ing conversation and mentioned de? tails that only a husband could have known. He even spoke of the cbv. ?i ing he had left behind and Where it could be found. Bertrande was con? vinced. She begged forgiveness for her doubt* and threw herself into his arms. An uncle arrived. He, too, hesitated, but the newcomer detailed to him all the minutae of their busi? ness transactions eight years before, and he also was convinced. The upshot of the matter was that this newly arrived Mart'n Gurre re? turned home with his woe ail lived happily and without suspicion with her for four years. During this time they had two children, and Martin's father at his death bequeathed aim a farm. However, a soldier passmg through the village declared that he had seen Martin at the seige of St. Quentin, that he had lost a leg there, but that he was still alive, and the soldier left a written deposition to that effect. The rumor spread that the man liv? ing as Martin Guerre was an im? postor. Bertrande at this fieled a criminal information against the man to whom for four years he had granted the rights of a husband. He was de? scribed in the accusation as Arnault de Tilh and was committed to prison. The prisoner said that the uncle had influenced his wife and that the whole charge was a conspiracy to deprive him of his fortune of 8,000 livres. He submitted to a ~?arehing interroga? tory, alter the French fashion, and answered all questions satisfactorily. He told e>f his campaign and re? vealed the most intimate details of the family history. He relied for his defense, too. on his four sisters who still called him brother, on his four years' life with Bertrande with her consent, anei pressed her in the pres? ence of the judges te> swear that he was not her real husband, declaring that If she se> swore he was ready to forfeit his head. Bertrande re? fused te> take this oath. She was confused by his confident manner. In the> trial ISO witnesses were ex? amined, of this number 40 deposed that the man was the real Martin Guerre, 50 deposed that he was Ar? nault tie Tilh and <J0 declined to pro nounce any opinion, owing to the re semblance. In spite of the conflict? ing evidence, the Judge pronounced him guilty. He at once appealed to the parliament of Toulouse. < >n this appeal thirty witnesses were re-examined. Ten deposed that he was Martin Gu< rre. eight that he was an imposter and the remainder confessed that they were too bewil? dered to have any opinion. The judges were solely perplexed and leaned to I the side of the prisoner. j I'.y a curious coincidence just at I this junctui s the real Martin Guerre ! made hi> ippearance on the scene. He sltowed the same marks e?n his face as those borne by the prisoner. The men were confronted with each 1 othei in court. Even the four sis? ters who till now had clung to their Ix lief in the prisoner confessed their , mistake. The prisoner lost his nerve, confessed his crime and begged for* I glveness. He w as condemned to death and executed. The real Martin was j restored to bis rights. _. Mr. William Alexander Is having his home on chestnut streit repaint* ed.