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?bt odlatcbman aiiu ^oiitlw SATURDAY, JUNE 4, IUIO I The Sumter Wutchman wan found? ed In 1*50 anil the True Southron in litt. The Watchman and Southion low has* the combined circulation and Influence of both '?f the old papers, mad I* manifestly the bent ad\?ftfjtng medium In Sumter. If Theodore Roosevelt could get in? to heaven ho would stop awllhe just toside the gates to tell St. Peter how to hold down his Job. In the other place he would essay to glvo the devil points on how to economize fuel and manage the Ananias Club. ? es What is tho use of expending money and time on the building of good roads If they are to be plow*- l op almost as soon as built? Com? plaints come from almost all sections of thi tity that tho practice of plowing Into the public roads goes on unabated, and that. In many places, the roads are so narrow that there Is Just room for a single vehicle, as a result of the plowing into the right of way. If this practice Is not stoppe ! H will be a waste of money to build toads and the people will not consent to a bond Issue for good roads until we learn to take some care of those that have been built by the chain fang. We know that Supervisor Pitts Is making an effort to put a stop to plowing up the roads, but unless he can secure the eo-operatlon of the public he cannot prosecute those who depredate on the public highways, for he cannot make cases without affida? vits and evidence to convict. A few prosecutions, however, would have a wholesome effect and It is to be hop? ed that Mr. Pitts will be enabled to secure the needed co-operation before all of the good work of the chain gang Is destroyed by the vandals who plow Into the highways. ? OS Tom Watson, of Georgia, one of the moot brilliant men In public life, after years of wandering after the false gods of Populism has returned to the democratic f ol 1 and will hereafter contribute his quoto toward making Georgia politics lively and interest? ing. He is by odds the ablest poli? tician In Georgia, and the men who have controlled the Democratic party In that State for the past twenty years mmm have on hand the biggest Job of their lives to retain what they have held ho long. \s a stump speaker and all-rcund campaigner Tom Watson li without peer, and as a regular can ddlate of the Democratic party he will he invincible if he goes before the people. Twenty years ago he arnastod the old ring in the Tenth district .>nd was elected to Congress ?y a overwhelming majority and had he remained in the party. Instead of declaring himself a Populist he would have become tho dominant force in Georgia politics. He is still a power to be reckoned with In Georgia and his return to tho party fold ij the beginning c?f stirring times across the Savannah. < I U ! r.GICAl DISCO! ERY. Sen SSttbod Ter Reuniting Hsssl Vtmm \m ami liftoffs* Chicago. May II,?I>r. Victor 1?. Lenpinasse .i.f Um Norf Ii western Uni verslty Medical School told an alumni gfjdlen e yestt rd; y that he had dis? cover* 'I a surgical s,t r* t which m i\ do mm h t" Hive life and modify su ferlm: in .i Irl sens, he said that it i* a suceeosfol HMthe 1 for reuniting blood VOfJgotf and art. rUs and battling arterial diseases. To prove that his fJsjlsjM wore not merely in theory tlv ffotof caused several dosjs to be broctcht "rth f??r Inspection. Bach was i I ted ,i -i in examination for a poOttllaf Operation, The livers had been removed and reunited to some of the d?.?-<. I.? gs had been cut OH and POSH sfted t<> "thers. Th- secret l ?r. Lsosjtoasso explained sjafssssled in bis successful reuniting ef several arterk Heretofore, he ?aid. physlelaM navs boon forced to resort f? ? a ing t?? obtain the en I desir. I. The stlt<*hlng method wan unste . ? ssf nl because it too often re? sult- I in the formation of blod clots, th* constriction t<? the srterlet or the Mfgff/cgsont end breaking <>{ them. Pmrh ? n I ?r Lesplnasse sought to find .* substitute tor tho needle an '. thread. Wh .t I ; el.?i?,ed t-. Im? tie s?duti >n < OfJSlstS <?f the use l ings ol magre ti rn Tl ? s. w.il vessels are Joined by tb? ss rings or couplers. M run ? 11 -- l <11 e it readi! . dissolves then I Im compute union ol the severed ends of the arteries has tak? ? pla< e The Stunt'r Count'. Rural Curriers ? leeted as delegates to the St.ite C"ti ventlo i, Mr. John M. Tal ker, of Dai It II. UM presld -nt; A. C. Moore, ol (?swego. and R. F. Wilder, ol Sumtet. Tho Stato omventl"!? fSStl In N0W? berry on J'lly Hh. Tho ole? tion of ?nicer* was postponed till a later dato. Farmers' Union News ?AND Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (< oihIih UnI by K. YV. !>a?>!>s. President Farmers* Union Of Sumter County.) The Watchman and Souihron having decided to double Its service by ?rr.i-weekly publication, would improve that service by special features. Tht first to be inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers' Union and Practica! Fanners which 1 have been requested to conduct. It will be my ftllt) to give the Union news and official calls of the Union. To that end ottlcers. and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish such oil] dngs from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletin! as I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of o. t readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and | jnlishcd. Trusting this Department will be of mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communicaItOQl for tl ts Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbs. Mayesville. S. C. Some Handom Thoughts. The clippings in this issue nearly all relate to ' The Land of Opportunity? Who Shall Possess It?" This is a sub? ject that should have a great deal more t'tought than I fear we are giv? ing to it. Some years ago when in sore need of capital the writer tried hard to secure settlers for cheap land; tried faithfully among our own peo? ple. Put the usual answer was "too far off' or "too much hard work." He then joined hands with those who tried to secure foreign immigration of our own race, the English and Teu? tonic peoples. And when private or corporate action seemed doomed to failure, he made the motion which resulted In the bureau of agriculture, and helped to plan the memorial and bill providing for that department. As a means of bringing In farm laborers that department has been a failure, but as an eye-opener to the wonder? ful natural resources of our soil and climate, and in encouraging our peo? ple to stick to our soli and develop it, it has been of untold value to the State. As far back as 1890 when the writer attended the Southern Immi? gration convention in Asheville, N. C, by appointment of Oov. J. P. Richard? son, he has been impressed with the needs of this section for more intelli? gent farmers. More white citizens, who would help build up our churches and schools and Improve the social life of our country people. These things are mentioned to show that it is but merely "parrott-llke" repeating what some may call a fad, that I have reproduced these articles, but 1 am doing so because the writers are so well expressing what I have labored for "In season and out of season" for twenty years. In my travels about the country I Und the progressive communities are tin- OBM Whorl the white population is Ihlckett. There WO find new school buildings uploying several teachers, food roods, telephones, comfortable homei and the sir of thrift and ad? vanced farming that is lacking on most of the big SStStei that are ten? anted out. There too we lind the Union strongest and its teachings bearing fnilt !? many ways. Tins is a subje. i that all thoughtful, patrio? tic men should study, and strive to contribute something to it* right solu? tion. E. W. D. GET LAND AM? HOLD To IT LIKE MUM DEATH. TIMM Is the \d\bc That should He falten Ever) White Tenant Farmer In the >omh?Danger of Urcat Es? tates, VhM'iUec I aiidloidKni, and a Dangci oils Exccnm of Negro Tenant* ?Will the south \wake7 fBy B, C. Branson, President state N rmal School, Athens, Qa.) May I v? nture an answer to the ed? itorial Inquiry In your Issue of tie !3rd lost.: The Land of Opportunity ?Who shall possess it?" The Increased average si/.-' of farms ill the United States betWCell lSSt?;ill'l 1900; the rape! Increase of large es? tales in man) Instances more than a million acres in extents the bare facts of farm tenancy, and what is more sppalllng, the alarming Increase of farm tenancy throughout 'he United States and especially In tie South; the beginning* of competitive rents among.) natttsfor farm holdings whl< h win grow greater year b) year to the destruction of |he tenant classes, just as in Belgium, Ireland, and England; the pressure ol population in the Uni? ted states (we will have nearly two hundri i million p< ople in tin irnlted States by the middle of the present century); the Inevitable rise of laud values (farm lands alone Increased ala billion, on.- hundred million dol? lars b. fween 1900 and 1'.???:,;, the i ommerclallslng of farm operations for dividends alone; the decay of farm life and farm operations under the tenant sistcm; Ilm decay of rural ?ohooli ni l churches; the high prices for farm producta, abmg with the im possibility of diversification, intenisi flcation, and rotation under the iron law of tenancy; the movement of country populations cityward, due to our rising industrial city civilization. All these things mean in the South that we are rapidly abandoning our rural regions to a tenant farm class, and what is worse, to a negro tenant farm class, and that our agricultural regions once so abandoned are irre? vocably abandoned; that we are cre? ating in the South, and in America for that matter, a pouulation of lack lands and lack-alls who must be more transitory and migratory, with an In? terest in community life less and less abiding and loyal; that we are de? parting more and more from our only hope of economic safety and free? dom: namely, small land holdings by independent owners. I love these plain people on the farms. I am of their sort. But I fear for them exceedingly, for their children and their children's child? ren as the years go on. Our intelli? gent farmers need to be just as much concerned with the economic side of farm life p? they are wth the agri? cultural side. Our educators and statesmen will be obliged to consider all these matters quickly and wisely. Neither Amer'ca nor t le South is im? mune from the ploy of forces that have worked the destruction of the farm classes of I nd 1 But on the other : forces Intelligent directed may ma1 c< :* the farm r< - gions of our South md . : I tural paradise that we find in Hol? land and Denmark. It Is time we were getting ready to answer the prophetic inquiry: Choose this day which economic system ye will serve. We cannot delay an answer to this question very much longer. If so, it will be too late. Our birthright will be forever gone. Now a direct answer to your ques? tion. When in one county of my State six men own one-third of the farm lands of the entire county; in an? other, one man one-third of the total farm acreage; in another, three men practically the entire county, and go on all over the State, when an In? diana company of farmers buy 21, 060 acrei of farm lands in the south vostern corner <?l" the State, and an other company :>,ooo acres in the southeastern corner, ami when an? other company buys 100,000 acres in the northern end; when two English aristocrats own 1,700,000 acres of farm land In Florida; when two more arltocrats own 2,000,000 acres in Mis? sissippi, and ;> little bunch of aristo? crats, 3,000,000 acres in Ter s. it seems to me that the people who are going to own our farm !and in an oth< r generation or two will be people of sense, n< i necessarily people of heart. The man of sense will own :tii ?<nr Southern farm lands, or near j i> so, grid we shc'i have a vast multi? tude of people scrambling for a foot? ing upon land just as in other coun? tries of the world; and when we shall ? have all tie- problems that education, ! religion, ami statesmanship can de ii I with to the end of tin e. it ought to i?? unceasingly thundered into the ears of the farm class: "With all thy get? ting, get land.' And it is sale to Bay they w ill never do it as a great t lass until they ret the necessary under? standing of the profound drift of things today in American life. Am long .is the farm owners in tin South Und more dlfilculty In get? ting good tenants than tenants find in renting land, just so long are we reasonabl) tree, here and there, from the de\ ilish destruetlveness of com? petitive tenant rents; just so long will tlie land owm r !>? Willing to sell and move out of his dlfticultlei . and to sell at a reasonable price to tin peo ple who have little money but a gre tt ambition to uwn little fa rms of t heir o w n. But when in the general Increase of population the scrambling for land runs up land values and r< nts as in other countries, then the economic end of the world will have come for the great masses of tin- people who ought to own land and live on it, hut who have let their opportunities slip ' away from them. The high price of farm products, the sparseness of Southern popula? tion, the difficulties here and there of securing good tenants, Rnd the cheapness of our land?all mean lit? erally that now is the day of salva? tion. If the poor man down South does not now own land or docs not buy land, he may never have a chance again. Booker T. Washington sees this problem and he sees it with an un? canny kind of insight and foresight. He is preaching to the negroes ev? erywhere with all the power of his soul: "Get land and get it quick and hold to it with the desperation of death.' And the negro is getting land In Georgia. He has nearly $70,000, 000 worth of it, and has gotten it within the last 40 years. I do not believe that 1 am unduly alarmed when I say that the thoughtful people of the South of ev? ery sort and kind need to wake up to fateful economic issues and their sig? nificance for the generations to come, because out of these are the very is? sues of our social life. The Chancen of the Landless Man. The advice Professor Massey gave the negro students at Hampton Insti? tute?to get land and improve it, is advice that they are getting from ev? ery quarter. It is advice that the ne? groes are taking, too; and it is ad? vice that the landless white men of the South must take if they would maintain their economic independ? ence and their social superiorty. Pro? vided only the population of negroes In any community does not become large enough to check the growth of an adequate white population, we be? lieve it is well for the South that the worthy negroes on the farms should acquire homes of their own, should have the added stability and the in? creased incentive to thrift and indus? try that the ownership of land will give them; but it is as inevitable as fate that if any large proportion of the negroes acquire land, build homes and thus become in a marked degree financially independent, profiting by every movement that makes for the country's development, and sharing in the natural increase in the value of all land, that these negroes will advance faster, attain to a higher <????>r?a.,rvi of living and arnnire more Infiuence, both politically and linan- j dally, than wlil the bite men who remain mere rentersi who have no home except by some other mar a permission, aim io whom the increase that comes in the price of life's ne? cessities, as the result of the increase in land values, will mean only hard? er times. Wages are likely to increase In the South, but they are not likely to increase as fast as land values. So it is going to be harder each year,? as President Branson says for the man who must work for wages to get land. And the white wage-earner is bound to gradually become Of less impor? tance In the affairs of his community and of his State than the negro land? owner to whose wealth the very la? bors of these tenants will add. it luips the South to have the ne? groes prosperous, but it is lici i'ssar;. for the prosperity of both white and black that we have for the bulk ot our rural population thrifty white farmers Who own their own homes. We cannot believe that the landless white men of the South will sit stili and neglect the opportunity now theirs to get homes of their own, thus putting themselves forever In the class of men?men economically as well as politically free. The great estates, tiie big plantations, half-farmed, rent? ed OUt to tenant8 whose only (are Is to Ket as much out of the land as pos? sible without regard to how much damage their slipshod methods may do, are going to be broken up. As these estates a re broken up they should be bought by the men who are now tenants on them, and by am? bitious and progressive Western im? migrants who will not only enrich the South by their prosperity, but will also help greatly by poularisingstock raising and better methods or farm? ing. There are few tenant farmers so poor that they cannot buy ;i few acres, at least, of laud; and once own? ing a tract of soil, if a man starts to I work to Improve and beautify it ,to I make it more fertile and more home like, he w ill soon llnd it adding to his income and to his standing and ln IIuence In a hundred ways of which l <? had in \ er dreamt d. There Is dignity in the very fact of possessing a freehold, and while the man who neglects his land or mis? treats ii may be written down In na? tures' eternal book of justice as one rei r ant t ? the trust confided to him. tie man who takes even the humblest 'e m<- p"t and loves it and t ares for it and makes it a place of refuge and a source of comfort to those depend? ent upon him, not only shares In the reward of those who put their talents to work and thus gain others also, hut also earn the gratitude of all who may come after him by making a fairer and a sweeter world for them to live in. So, to every tenant, to every young farmer, to every landless man to whom farm life appeals, we would say: Let one of your first ambitions he to get a home. Though it must of necessity he of the humblest sort, get it and keep it and see that it is given the studious attention and the loving care that such a pre* ious pos? session merits. This way lie indepen? dence and prosperity and influence with your fellow men, and that most priceless of all possession.' that you can leave to your children?a love of the home in which they live and an appreciation of the dignity and beau? ty of work that adds to the welfare of the world.?Progressive Farmer. The Land of Opportunity. The South is ertainly advancing, and the low-priced lands will in the future be high-priced. Still it is not always wise for a man to get a farm into fine condition and then sell it be? cause he can get mere money than he paid for it. A permanent family home is something worth working for. But there is sometimes danger to the farmer when his land gets valu? able. Many years ago, just after the war, in one of the finest counties in Maryland, the great inllation of values of all sorts ran up the value of land there to fancy prices, and farm? ers were mortgaging their homes to buy other land at $100 an acre or more. Hiding one day with a keen business man, 1 remarked that the farmer seemed to be in luck. ' Hard? ly,' said he; "take the instance of Mr. Blank. He has a line farm and is a good farmer. When his farm was worth $25 an acre he lived very eco? nomically. Now his land is worth over $100 an acre, and his family think he is rich, and they must put on all the extravagance of a rich fam? ily. But the farm is making no more than it did, and he is really getting a smaller return on his investment. He does not want to sell, and is really poorer because of the extra cost of living.' Those same lands since the settling down of monetary affairs are selling for $50, or less, an acre, and many people were ruined by buying land at inflated prices. But a steady and permanent in? crease in the value of real estate that has been setting too loa ? 111 f i ourse, benefit whole section - farmers do not v I extravagant. Land* In the South are certain to Increase in value as ino v. a \ v ol better farming spreads over the country' of cotton and corn. But the permanent increase in value of real estate must come through the improved productivity of the soil. When one man by good farming brings his land up to making 100 bushels of corn and over a bale of cotton per acre, that farm will gain a selling price that will make the owner's neighbor, who makes 10 bushels of corn per acre, look like 00 cents, as the saying is. His land may increase in value slightly because of what his neighbor has done, but the real way to make a farm valuable, cither for a permanent home of the owner or for sale, is to increase its productive capacity through good farming, business-like farming, protit able farming.?Progressive aFrmer. JUST GAVE IT AWAY. Found Booze a Pretty Good Business Getter. From The Da ly Item, June 1. W. W. Dutton, who does a little business on Bradford street, just with? in the city limits is in a pretty bad predicament. Yesterday afternoon Of? ficer McKagen, who is always on tho look out for the violators of the law, heard that Button had gotten a couple of suit cases from Columbia. He re? ported the matter to Chief Bradford, who swore out a warrant and sent McKagen and Ward to make a search of the premises. They went out and Button swore there was no whiskey on his place, but that did not go with these two. They knew what they ware after and believed it was there. A thorough search revealed two pints that had been re-bottled and a lot of empty jugs. The two pints and two of the ! empties were brought to police head? quarters. ! Dutton was not arrest. 1. but was questioned as to what he did with so much booze. lie swore that he did not sell any, but when a customer ' bought as much as a dollar's worth, ; that he gave that customers a drink: that son etim< a on Saturdays he would sell as much as $40 or $r>0 worth. He gave tin- names of sonic of his cus? tomers. Dutton thought this morning that he would come to police headquarters and get his boose. He called upon ?'hicf Bradford for it and 1 ?* chief I asked him to wait. He went out and had a warrant issued and came back and locked Button up. The case was called at noon today and was tried by Recorder Manning without a jury. The two officers tes ti?ed to the facts as related above, and Dutton took the stand and named a number of his customers to whom he gave drinks. He said that he very often gave drinks to white people, but never to them to induce trade; but that he did treat negroes, for in that way he got to sell them a lot of goods. He said that he had sent both to Co? lumbia and to Timmonsville for boose. He does not think much of Timmonsville because it is hard to get what you want there. His favor? ite place is Columbia. He gave the name of the party whom he sent last Friday for booze. He and some others paid the way of the party to Colum? bia. It Is likely that cases will be made out against the one who transported i the booze, and against Dutton for I every case where he gave the booze j away. It is a violation of the law to I give booze to influence trade just as ! much so as it is to sell the stuff. Officer McKagen has been on the track of Dutton for some time, and when he saw his opportunity he seiz? ed it. Dutton is a sadder, but a wis? er man. At time of writing this he had not been able to pay his fine. If cases be made out against him for giving away to induce trade he will be found guilty, for he has already sworn to giving it away. It will eith tr be a conviction in those cases or a conviction for perjury. M \XIM OX FCTTRE AIR FIGHTS. I 'Wild Construct 10,000 Aeroplanes for Cost of Battleship. ?w York. May ".1 -In an address before the National Aeronautical So ciety, of which he is president, Hud? son Maxim, the inventor of guns and explosives, pointed out that the air? ship will practically change nearly all known methods of warfare. Af? ter reviewing the development of areoplanes, and declaring the patents of the Wrights are not safe until all have been passed upon by the courts, he continued. "With every improvement in weap? ons of war we have found that science is enlisted more and more to do the work of the soldier, and that the more expensive war enginery becomes the more the shedding of blood is replac? ed by the expenditure of money. "The history of nations has proved that rulers hold flesh and blood cheap. They have always been ready and willing, for t litle glors or persons! or I national advantage, >r foi pecuniary I reward, to up tl das of their sub i Je< Is and Let their blood run in rivers. Bt ?. then has never yet uca any in? dication of a disposition on their part to tap their purses and let their cur? rency run to waste in rivers. It has always been the people's blood and lhe people's money that have been risked when the rulers cast their dice in war. Sell. Maxim asserted that the a'r-, ship will eliminate frontiers in war-' fare. Advantageous positions, huge fortifications, and lines of troops WV.X mean nothing. Airsh'ns, he deelned. could easily pass all these and destroy the cities behind them. The only rem? edy, he declared, would be to fight flying machines with their kind. There was, he continued, a wide :lobi lor the inventor of vveapons for of? fense and defense in aerial warfare. "I do not be?evt," he continued, 'that very great destruction i? t.i be expected from the explosion of high explosive bombs dropped from the air. The action of a high-explosive bOtUU is too local to be very effective agai.isc troops, and the damage s ich y. .nba would do to the buildings of laige cities would be relatively small. "The same is true with respe :-t to tb. ir use against coast fortification*. Hut such projectiles may be used with better effect upon the baggage trains of armies, upon storehouses and mag? azines. Large explosive bombs drop l ed into the smokestocks of warship* might prove very destructive. 'Aeroplanes have already been built capable of carrying several per gi ns. This has amply demonstrated the feasibility of transporting large 1 odles of men with light arms and ex plosive materials for raiding an ene? my's country. "Aeroplanes suited to the ?aide** wi? probably be produced for $1.000 to $1,500 each. Consequently, 10, 000 of them could be constructed lor '.he cost of a single battleship", which now is from $10,000,000 to $15,0i?0 ? 000. "Even a thousand of I hem attack? ing a battleship at once ivrght succeed in dropping rufllclent expi >s:.\c> ; >wn the smookestack to destroy her, and could this be done even with the loss of every aircraft employed in the en? gagement, the victory would be a great one." Russia is becoming interested in hydro-electric power plants and is ex? amining into the matter of electrify? ing suburban divisions of its State railroads. An investigation is being made of our high tension transivis sion systems and it is probable that a new field will be opened for Amern an engineers.