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WARNS OF WATER TRUST. <? \K I 11 Iii DI II Vits U(M)M - VKLT'S CONSERVATION PLAN. tilt-* Narrow 'ntcrprctntloit?Makes Significant Reference to The Kind Of Executive \rtlon Which the In? tervals Prefer. Denver. April 19.?Declaring that all the elements which go to make up a water trust are In existence today and that the tendency toward such centralization is growing stronger, James R. Oartleld. formerly Secre? tary of MM Interior, made a strong plea tonight before the Colorado Con? servation Commission for co-opera? tion of Federal and State government In the conservation of water power resouces. Mr. Oarfleld was preceded by Qov. John Shaforth. who at the morning saaslon declared In unqualified terms for exclusive control of power sites by State governments. Letters were read from Philip P. Wells, counselor of the National Conservation Com? mission, upholding Oarfleld's position and from Secretary of the Interior Ballinger upholding Governor Sha froth's stand. Mr. Wells' letter was in answer to a request for a statement from Gif ford Pinchot. which reached Wash? ington too late to be forwarded to Mr. Pinchot In Europe. It Is under? stood that Wels answered for Mr. rinehot. Mr. Oarfleld pointed out the dang? ers of monopolization of the water power sites of the country', and de? clared that If a "water power trust" was not already In actual existence all of the elements that go to make up such a trust are present, and the tendency toward such centralization Is growing stronger every day. He defended the course of former Presi? dent Roosevelt in making use of a broad executive authority in making withdrawals of water power sites, and sought to show by quotations from the F?deral constitution and from the decisions of Chief Justice Mar? shall that the chief executive was full, empowered to conserve such public Interests under the broad rule of the general welfare. The Federal government, he said possessed the right to regulate the development of water power on pub He lands In the States. "In brief." said Mr. Garfleld. "the condition Is this: "The Federal government owns property essential for the develop? ment of water power. The States control the use of water within their boundaries. To bring together these two elements that are necessary for water-por/er development the Juris? diction ,,f nation and States should co-operate. "The prl\ate interests which are developing and using water of neces ?Itv |<n >re State lines, and nothing will h? more ible to these in? terests than to have the Federal gov? ernment withdraw from all attempts to control their transactions. "Again, unless the Federal govern ment retains and exercises such con? trol the Interests of the people of one State may be seriously Jeopardized by the action of an adjoining State The fight Is on In nation and States. The question Is simply this: Shall the public control and regulate the use of water, in accordance with the needs of the public and for the bene? fit of the public, or shall private In terests own and control the use of water for their own gain, without re gard to the rights and needs of the publl??? It Is certain tnut an Intoler able water monopoly will be fasten ed upon our people unless the publl? In both nation and States assert Its authority and control the use of wa? ter. "The -onser\atlon of water applies In all its uses. There are those who attack conservation, alleging that it mean* ion-use. non-development, but no stu b propoHltlon has >SSM put for? ward l>y the b aders of the conserva? tion mowment. As has been debited over and <>\rr again, it means the wise use and development of water for domestic purpose ?, irrigation, wa? ter i ?wer and navigation. In accord? ance with the needs of the present generation, but Nvith duo regard for the future and under control of pub? lic authority, to the end that unregu? lated monopoly may be prevented; that UM by private Individuals may be limited In tune, and granted under conditions which will yield to the public a fair compensation for the benefit derived, and finally prevent unjust or extortionate payment by the consuming public." "The gr. at dang? r which threatens our Federal and state governments today." ? v I linn d Mr. Oarfleld, ' Is that spe. lal ialireeta private Inhr ests, property Interests rnav unduly or unfair. dominate Issjlslatlvs netto! It is n?t lust to srralsrs Individual or special Interests foff this condition. We must likewise condemn Die hv dlffercnce ,,f our citizens. We as a people ha\c been too busy making money to give proper heed, and at? tention to the actions of our legisla? tive representatives. We have been willing to sit calmly by and seo great property rights, great special prlvl leges. Kranted to individuals and pri? vate interests without regard to the public welfare" There was great latitude for execu? tive action within the law, he said. "It is part of the executive duty t<> keep within the law." said Mr. Gar field. "It is a further and equally great dut) t'? make the law an in? strument to promote the public good rather than an excuse for inaction." The speaker's reference to the use of the executive power was signlti cant. "During those periods." he said "when the Chief Kxcutive acted upon broad conception of their power the people's Interest and the public wel fare have been better safeguarded and protected than during periods when the opposite prevailed. The narrow Interpretation is the one that private interests and special Interests find best suited to their purposes. By tho wise eexrclse of executive pow? er and the enforcement of law Presi? dent Roosevelt stopped the stealing of the public domain and the waste of natural resources." Only lately, said the speaker, had the power of the Executive to make such withdrawals been questioned. He recommended the passage of tha law now before Congress vesting such power in the President to flnal-f ly settle any dispute on this point. Ag Icola's Rambles. Mr. Editor: It was not. without some misgiv? ings and fears, that this rambler started on his journey to Dalzell. The name had a grating sound, and he did not know the stature of the inha? bitants over there. He sought, in vain, for a definition of the name, and was forced to the conclusion after arriv? ing at his destination, that Dalzell is a compound word meaning, beautiful dale. It is hard to get to Dalzell, and af? ter becoming acquainted with the hospitable people there, It is harder to get away. 1 shall say, tor the ben? efit of those who are so unfortunate as never to have been there, that it 1? a beautiful little town; situated be tweeen Sumter and Camden in a splendid farming section. Here, it is. that the most promising young men from other sections, come to seek wives, from among the fair and love? ly daughters of the inhabitants. We find here some of the mosi pro? gressive farmers to be found any? where. We had thought, that the l'.rogdon section could never be turn? ed down in a search for the best far? mers, but we have already thrown up our hat and given Dalzell the floor. To show the Brogdon farmers that tiny are not abreast with the times, there is a farmer living in this good ? tion, who has planted a new ground in corn, expecting to clear the land as he works the corn. There are cral fields between Lynchburg and Dalzell, which have been producing OOra and cotton for several years, with a pretty heavy growth of tim? ber, yet on the land. This rambler longs to pass through the Hrogdon community again. In imagination, he can see the happy children playing in the streets. We m\ sure, that the liberal minded people of that progressive neighbor? hood, will excuse this over estima? tion* for this scribe lives largely in the future, and he is thinking of the time when BrogdOU may be a great city, with broad streets and avenues, beautiful parks and all the marks of a modern up-to-date city. If we could only spend ton thousand years on this terrestrial bail, are might see Sumter and Manning crumbling into ruins, while the great and growing city Of Brogdon. with its commission form ol government, might be holding in her beneficent hands, the reins of the lommerce of the world. Why. they already have, down there, one of the moot beautiful sites, for the capital of the United states, to be found any? where, W eil, our Imagination gets to be unwritable. Boms people live in the future, when they anticipate greet achievements; while others live ablest Wholly in the past. dOWlllltg upon what they might have accom? plished or left undone , others live so rapidly In the present, that they find no time for anticipating the future, nor bewailing the past. "What fooll we mortals be." Will any of the readers of this pa? per be kind enough to tell this ram? bler the way to Wowsacky? We know, a little Something of the Cher okees, the Sioux, the Cheyennes. and other tribes, but Vary little of Wow? sacky. thither he desires to go, at an early date, provided he can lind the way. The farmers of Dal/ell are getting ready to work their crops; all plant? Ing for a great crop of cotton. The blight has hindered the growing of cotton BO much, within the past few ream that some of our farmers arc turning their attention to more hog and honiiny. Tho health of the community is vcry good at present* The boys are getting ready for the base ball season, you may hear from them. AQR1COLA. Spectacle and Lye-glass lense matched and frames repaired. C, Af, Joye, at Savoy. 4-21-tf. SUGGESTS POSSIBLE TRICKERY BY PRE8IDENT T A FT. Attorney for Glavls in Ru 1 linger-Pi 11 chot Investigation Throws Out ??Broad Suggestion"?Llttto Pro? gress Made In Hearing?K. C. Pin noy Testifies?Charges as to Col? lier's Agent and Effort to Influence Testimony. Washington, April 22.?After at? tacking certain statements in Attorney General Wickoraham's summary of the Glavis case during cross-examin? ation of a witness before the Ballin ger-Plnchot investigation today, At? torney Brandeis, counsel for L. R. Glavls, threw out a broad suggestion that the document had been dated two months earlier than it had been prepared in order to make it appear that President Taft's letter of vindi? cation to Secretary Ballinger had been based on the alleged facts it contained. At the White House and the de? partment of justice, it was stated that neither the President nor the Attor? ney General would comment on Mr. Brandete' Intimations. Comparatively little progress was made with the Inquiry today, despite the apparently growing impatience of the committee and the general desire of the members to bring the hearing to a close. The committee probably will act tomorrow on the proposition to hold hearings three days each week. E. C. Finney, assistant to the Sec? retary of the Interior, was under cross-examination during almost the entire day. He admitted under ques? tioning by Mr. Brandeis that some of Mr. Wickersham's statements were inaccurate, but insisted they were un? important. It was near the end of Finney's examination that Brandeis sprang his surprise. Mr Wickersham, in his summary, says the suggestion that it was unlawful for Mr. Ballinger to have any professional relations with the Cunningham claimants because of his previous incumbency of the office of commissioner of the land of? fice, was based on Section 190 of the Revised Statutes, and he cites laws to show that Mr. Ballinger had not violated that law. Mr. Brandeis asked the witness if he did not know that Glavis accused Baliinger of violating that law for the first time in a statement published in a November number of Collier's Weekly. Mr. Finney was not certain on that point, whereupon Mr. Bran deis demanded to know if it was a fact that the statement which pur? ports to have been made on Septem? ber 11, 1909, was not made until more than two months after that time. Mr. Finney responded that he did not know it to be a fact and did not believe it was. Having come all the way here from Alaska at the behest of the commit? tee to tell whether he had made the statement to Marshal H. K. Love, that an agent of Collier's had told him "it would be worth $5,000 to ? 10.000 for him to come to Washing? ton to testily," John W. Dudley, the dismissed rogbter of the land office, ;it Juneau. took the stand and said Mr. Love misunderstood 'mm. Mr. Dudley said Editor Russell, of a Juneau paper, had sought to act as Intermediary between him and Col? lier's, whereby Russell wanted him to prepare an article supplementing the Glavis charges, for which he was to receive the sum mentioned. He had told Dove of this offer from Russell, and supposed Dove had not under? stood. He said he did not take kind? ly to Russell's proposition, and that the weekly would not agree to it fur? ther than to pay Dudley's expenses to New York to talk the matter over. He said Russell did not pose as Col? lier's agent, and that nothing was said about him testifying before the Investigating committee. Members of the committee and at? torneys on both sides questioned Mr. Dudley at length, and apparently sat? isfied themselves that there had been no effort to Influence testimony im? properly before the investigating committee. C. C. Keltman, former chief of the mineral division of the interior department, will take the stand tomorrow. Attorney Yetrees, counsel for Mr. Baliinger, said tonight he still had more than a do/en witnesses to ex a mine. INTRODUCES BILL TO REFUND TAX. I'attersoni of South Carolina? Acts for Veterans. Washington, April 22.?Represen? tative Patterson, of South Carolina, today Introduced n bill to refund the tiotton t;i\ c<dif. ted by the Federal government immediately after the war to the people of the Southern St:ites. He was re.|Uested to do SO ill :i strong petition from Camp Morrall, United Confederate Veterans of Barn well county. Bngravlng of all kinds. C. M .love, at Savoy. 4-15-lw PUR KS PI.WTNG SEE-SAW. Some Food Costs More und Sonic Costs Less. Is the cost of living going up or going down? The question is one that interests everybody, and yet no une around Baltimore m cms to be able to answer it. On some hands there is an indica? tion of a falling off in the prices of Voods stuffs. Yet other reports are discouraging. Yesterday there was a slight decline in the price of some of the meat products in Western cities, but offsetting this a stall keeper in Lexington market made the predic? tion that before another week shall have passed the price of beef, at any rate, will have advanced from one to three cents a pound. "I am now get? ting 22 cents a pound for rib roasts and 30 cents a pound for porterhouse steak," said he, "and unless some? thing unexpected happens I will have to get more before the last of next week." With probable advance in the price of meat, however, there comes a re? port of a considerable reduction in the price of flour and bread loaf. Wheat has been on the decline for several months. On February first, that commodity sold on the Balti? more market for $1,28 a bushel. Yes? terday it closed at $1.05 1-2 a buah el?a decline of one-half of a cent from the ruling prices of the day be? fore, and a general decline from the February high-water mark of 22 1-2 cents a bushel. The price of wheat today is nearly 33 per cent, lower than it was at this time last year, but then the market was completely dominated by a west? ern speculator who had manipulated a corner. For that reason It would hardly be fair to make a comparison of the prices of this year with the prices for the corresponding perlou of 1909. Several reasons are assigned for the falling off in wheat prices. Chief among them is a lack of export de? mand, due to fairly good crops hav? ing been harvested in other wheat growing countries. The Argentine crop is up to the average. The India crop is also of fair size, while from Russia comes the report that its crop is the largest grown in years. Again the millers throughout the country, in anticipation of a shortage and not wishing to be caught short as they were in 1909, stocked up early in th* season and have had on hand suffi? cient wheat to carry them over. Then, too, the prospects for a bumper crop this year have had its effect on the market. According to all reports there is every indication that this year's crop is going to be one of the best harvested for a long time. Wheat is not the only food commo? dity that has declined in price. Old potatoes are lower now than they have been for several seasons. In the retail markets the ruling prices range from about HO cents a bushel up, according to quality, but the statement is made that out West, where a great many farmers, held back their crops in anticipation of higher prices, they are now glad to get rid of them at from 20 to 25 cents a bushel, and as a matter of fact, po? tatoes are selling' at a lower figure in New York State. Early vegetables are also some? what lower in price than they were /it this time last year. This is ex? plained by some of the dealers as be? ing due to an advanced season. These men are authority for the statement that vegetables are corning to the market this year fully two weeks earlier than they did last year. With the prices cf some food stuffs going up and the prices of others coming down, it would hardly seem safe to forecast future living costs. About all that can be said is that there is strong hope that the raises and declines will balance each other and prevent the cost of living from becoming any great.-r than it now Is. ?Baltimore Sun. Charters Recorded. The following (barters have been filed with the Clerk of Court to be re? corded : Charter has been issued to K. W. Moise, Jr., and T. C. Reid, corpora? tor', of Sumter Automobile Supply CO., with capital stock of $3,000, di? vided Into 30 shares of $100 each. The amended charter of the Bank of Mayesvllle, increasing the stock from $1.",000 to $25,000. The amended charter of Union Brokerage Co. increasing the stock from $5,000 to $7,500. Watch, Clock and Jewelry repair ing by C. M. Joye, at Savoy. 4-15-lw Col. P. II. Nelson Recovering. Columbia, April 22.?Col. P. 11. Nelson, of the local bar, is at home from Baltimore, whore ho went for modlcal treatment. Col Nelson Is much improved In health. He ex? pects to be in bis office in the next lew days. Prompt work a specialty. C. M Joye, Watchmaker and Jeweler, a Savoy. 4-15-lw FAILURES AM) FRAUD DISTURB THE LIVERPOOL TRADERS. Relieved That Paper Involving $2, 500,000 Worth of Cotton Is Forged ?Alabama Suspensions. Liverpool, April 22.?There was a j sensation in Cottonopolis today born of widely circulated stories that forg? ed bills of ladings for cotton purport ting to have been shipped from th* United States had been uncover? ed. The alleged fraudulent methods, it was said, involved cotton valued at $2,500,000, and in addtion to 30 Liv? erpool concerns, It was staed that several continental cotton houses were heavy losers. The Echo says that the method of using the alleged false bills of lading was to append facsimile carrier's sig? natures to the bills of lading sent with drafts to this side before cotton was delivered by carriers and that importers in many cases paid such drafts. When the practice was dis? covered the steamship companies withheld deliveries until the bills of lading were verified. The Echo says that an investigation made by im? porters shows that not only were a number of these bills of lading spur? ious but that there was actually no cotton against some of them. Sensational reports of the failure of the Alabama cotton firm of Knight, Yancey & Co., which heavily hit Liv? erpool cotton houses, added to the excitement. A cable dispatch from New Or? leans, which fell like an explosion of dynamite, said that Knight, Yancey j &Co. were short in Liverpool 25,000 hales, in Havre 8,000 bales and in Genoa 6,000 bales. This would make a total loss at current quotations of over $3,000,000. In Liverpool 26 firms are believed to have been affected by the failure of the Alabama firm. A majority of them, however, hav? large amounts of capital and will be able to tide over the situation, but a few of them will be seriously hit. The heads of some of the houses in Liverpool will proceed to the United States by the first steamer available in order to investigate the situation. No loss as a result of the failure is likely to fall upon English bankers, who are amply secured. While the cotton market today was deeply stirred by the situations its effect upon prices was not great. The directors of the Liverpool Cotton As? sociation met during the day and dis? cussed the affair. One result of the meeting has been to revive the move? ment initiated by the association in 1908 to follow the same practice as pertains in the corn trade n connec? tion with the issue of bills of lading. The hope is expressed here that the settlement of the affairs of Knight, Yancey ft Co. wil realize $500,000. Decatur, Ala., April 22.?All kinds of sensatb nal reports are afloat in the two Decaturs today concerning the failure of Knight, Yancey & Co., cot? ton merchants, for $6,000,000. How? ever, none of the reports can he sub? stantiated. John W. Knight, the head of the Decatur office of the company, made the following staemen' the first that has been made since the failure: "The whole matter is in the hands of the court for adjudication, and all of the property of the firm, the books, records, etc., have been turned over to the receiver in bankruptcy, Jere Murphy, at Huntsville, and a thor? ough investigation will be made im? mediately. Further than this I have nothing to say for publication at this time." Several depositors in the banks of Decatur and New Decatur who had heard that these banks were in a bad condition on account of the failure of Knight, Yancey & Co., called for their money, but when they wore shown that the banks had plenty of cash they did not draw out their de p< ?sits. Every effort to determine the real (ause of the failure has failed, and it is probable that the real facts will not be known until the matter comes up and is settled in the bankruptcy court at Huntsville. According to the best of information obtained, none of the depositors in Southern banks will suffer by the failure. Mr. Knight spent the day in his office here and with friends in the city. From his conversation and from his manner he is confident that the matter will be shown up clearly to the satisfaction of the public and that it will be found he Is not re? sponsible for the failure. Xo one is hi a position to give positive proof that the bogus bills of lading have been issued, but rumors from vari? ous sources arc that they have Mr. Knight would say nothing concerning these reports. Looks as though Halley's comet'd go Democratic.?New York Mail. If your Watch is out of fix or need attention, take it to C. M. Joye. tb watch repairer, at The Savoy. Accu rate work promptly done. Satisfac tion guaranteed. 4-15-lw PROVING TOO MUCH. Railroads Claim Great Loss in Trans-, port at ion of U. S. Malls. Richmond News-Leader. We print in another column a com? munication from Charles A. Wicker sham, president and general manager of the Atlanta and West Point Rail? road Company and Western railway of Alabama. Mr. Wickersham en? closes with his letter some literature bearing on the cost to the general government of mail transportation, and the amount paid for this trans? portation to the railways. The letter was called forth* by President Taft's statement that it costs the govern? ment 9 cents per pound for trans? portation of mail. Mr. Wickersham fears this will be taken by the gen? eral public to mean that the railways are paid this amount. On the con? trary, he shows that the railways re? ceive an average of 3.19 cents per net pound of mail matter. He fur? ther shows that by reason of the re? quirement to haul other things be? sides mere mail, that this average payment should be further reduced so tint the railways get only 1.83 cent? per pound of weight carried by them. We have been unable, as yet to go critically over the literature bearing on this subject of mail transporta? tion that come with Mr. Wicker sham's communication. We are not quite certain that we have sufficient technical knowledge of railway rates and mail rates and regulations to be able to folow intelligently and check up the statements contained in this literature. We certainly can not do so until we have further sources of information upon which to draw. We shall, therefore, for the present con? fine ourselves to discussing Mr. Wick ersham's letter, and chiefly one para? graph of it. He says "you wi' oe surprised to learn that the railways actually haul the mails at a loss?not a theoretical loss, but at an actual expense of one dollar and seventy-two cents for every one dollar we get. This don't include any share of the interest on money .we have borrowed to equip the road." Mr. Wickersham is undoubtedly right in expecting us to be surprised at this extraordinary stateemnt. As? suming it to be true, it will be a mat? ter of unmixed surprise not only to us, but probably to every one else who reads it. There is a very gen? eral belief on the part of the public shared in, we admit, by us, that the amounts paid to the railway com? panies for transporting the United States mail were unnecessarily heavy, and that these mail contracts were regarded by the railroad companies as eminently desirable. Furthermore we have generally regarded, as has the public, railway companies as bus? iness organizations, operated primar? ily, so far as the stockholders were concerned, for the purpose of making money. But according to Mr. Wick ersham's letter all these preconceived views must be thrown to the wind. Not only ? jes the government pay to the railways ridiculously inadequate amounts for the transportation, but we are solemnly informed by a re? sponsible office of a railway, to wit, a president and general manager, "that the railways actually haul the mails at a loss, not a theoretical loss, but at an actual expense of one dol? lar and seventy-two cents for every dollar we get." Figures, we are told can prove any? thing and we confess that we had a very considerable faith in their prov? ing ability; but we never thought that they would prove that the rail? way companies not only entered into but sought after transportation con? tracts which cost them $1.72 to exe? cute for every dollar they were paid. If this is true, and Mr. Wicker? sham says it is true, we respectfully suggest that the stockholders of the various railways would do well to take the matter under consideration, because we can perceive no good rea? son or excuse for their executive offi? cers and directors squandering their money in this ridiculous fashion. There is no law of God or man re? quiring railway companies to carry United States mail at a positive loss. They enter into contracts with the government just as they enter into contracts with any individual; and for a railroad to seek contracts on which it loses money, and knows it will lose money, argues a degree of stupid imbecility in its management that is certainly contrary to all pre? conceived views of the business ca? pacity of railway men. We know of but one parallel to this, and that w;is when an oyster planter complained to the late Col. Ruftln that his oyster bottoms cost him $1,200 a year, whereas they yielded only $S00 a year. "Then, why," Inquired the colo? nel, "do yon continue the business?* "My God, sir.'' he replied, "ho v am I going to support my family?" Ill-natured or suspicious people may fear that Mr. Wickersham his proved too much. Watch. Clock and Jewelry repair ing. also engraving, promptly and v eurately done. Charges reasonable C. M. Jove. At Savoy. t-l.t-tw