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Cht ft&autuuuii: .i< WEDNESDAY. AHRIL 20, 1910. The Sumter Watchman was found? ed In 1850 and the True Southron In lift. The Watchman and Southron sow has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, And la manifestly the best advertising medium In Suniter. I.ICF.NSF. T\\ IM)I)(.IN(, It has been intimated that Mayor Jennings was talking through his hat. or, at beat, was blowing off hot air, when he asserted at Council meeting Tuesday night that he proposed t > put a stop to license t-x-dadging. It la asserted that he committed h'm aelf to a rather large undertaking that he will And Impossible of accom? plishment. It is assumed that neith? er the Mayor nor the Council has the authority to go behind the returns made by individuals, Arms and cor? porations, and that even though It be a matter of common knowledge that false returns are made for the pur? pose of evading the payment of li? cense taxes the city is without rem? edy. This assumption is altogether erroneous; the Mayor has all the law and all the authority needed to bring the license tax-dodgers to book, the law has never beon lacking?it has been Ignored anr? no attempt been made to enforce the making of full, complete and honest returm. Mayor Jennings can do what ht pledged himself to do and it rests with him to call the license tax-dodgers to an accounting or to permit them to ig? nore the law In future as they have In the past. Here Is the law on the subject: "flee, II. That any person or per? sons or corporation engaged in or in? tending to engage In any calling, business, profession or occupation for for whleh a license Is required shall apply to the Clerk and Treasurer of the City of Sumter for the same? by whom all such licenses shall be Issued and shall at the same time of applying, make and sign a wr'tten statement, and Ale It with the ?aid Clerk and Treasurer, sotting forth: 1st. His, her or its name or style, and In case of a Arm or company the names of the several persons consti? tuting such Arm or company. Id. The calling, business, profes? sion or occupation for which license kl required. 3d. The place where such calling, business, profession or occupation Is to be carried on. Whereupon, the Clerk and Treasur? er shall upon payment of the proper tax. Issue the required license. ? ? ? "?ec. III. If any person or persons er corporation, shall exercise or carry en any calling, business, profession or occupation for the exercise, carrying on or doing of which a license Is re? quired hv this ordinance, without tak? ing the re<ju?red license then such person or persons or i orporatlon shall In addition to the license tax, be sub? ject to a penalty of twenty per cent of the amount of such license tax. which tax and p n<!ty shall be re? covered 'e thi .a inner hereinafter pre*( ri' I l. | ?feea of p? r ?un* of rporatloi 1 I so to do by th- - of this ordinance shall refiiM <r neglect to make out and deliver to the Clerk and Treasurer of the City of Samt' r M or before the time herein required the statement provided for by section 2 of this ordl nan> ? or shall make a false statement or ??hall rrfu-e to take and subscribe an oath or affirmation n? to the truth of sivh statement*. Of my part there? of, or from any cause shall fail to take out such license as may be re? quired I y this ordinance, the said Oerk SJ I I rca-airer ?hall report the case to the Mayor, wbo shall pfOCOOd to ????? rt iln as nearly as possible the fcsjgenesi el eaeli poyeoffc, persons or eon -r ition. f..r which he. she. they or It may be II d le to u license tax therefor, and in rase of default, for th?? purpose of such Investigation, the ?aid <'b rk and Treasurer shall notify the pcr*on. persons or corporation In default to appear before the Mayor at his office at a time stated in said notb e, and AkM such pefOOA Of per amis ild rp rk and Treasurer may desire to examine, and the party ?ought to be ? barged with said li? cense. If he shall attend. together wltb inv witness called as aforesaid, ?hall *?e examined by the Mayor, un? der Oatsl or atllrmatlon. touching the nature of the business of such party and e- erythlng whi-h may OVlfKettM amount of MofMaft tax for which such party shall be liable. From the In? formation thus acquired the Mayor ?hall find and assess the amount of llcvnse tax due by su <h part ., wheth? er he, she or It BJOay he?? attended the investigation or ted and shall add |ltcr> tn a pen dtv of twenty per cent thereof, and should s< < h UCQ?l t ?\ and penalty be net paid within t davs thereafter, the said Clefti nnd Treasurer shall Issue an execution therofefl urder hn b.nd and the seal of the rlty of Sumter. directed to th" flherlff of Sumt.T County. In said State, and the said Sheriff shall pro? ceed to collect the said license tax and penalty by lovy and sale of real and Farmers' Union News ?AND ? Jj Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Conducted by hi. \V. Dabbs, President rariners' Union of Sumter County.) Tbe Watchman and Southron having decided to double its service by semi-weekly publication, would Improve that service by special features. The first to be inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers* Union and Practical Farmers w hich I have been requested to conduct. It will be my aim to give the Union news and official calls of the Union. To that end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish such clippings from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletins as I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of our readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and | ablished. Trusting this Department will be of mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for tl Is Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbs. Mayesville, S. C. < Icmnon Extension Work?Article HI From the date of Its establishment Clemson College has been getting In? to shape to fulfill its primary duty of educating the boys of this State in agricultural and engineering pursuits. The fact Is recognized that there are many boys destined to follow agricul? ture in after life, and many men in the State actually engaged in farm? ing v ho could be helped and bene fltted by carrying to them the scien? tific facts of agriculture. The regen? eration of the State, from an agricul? tural s.'andpoint, is too slow when we depend only upon the agricultural graduate. In order to hasten this process and to increase the useful? ness of the college and to extend its benefits to the greatest number, the board established in the Agricultural Department the Division of Exten? sion Work and Farmers' Institutes. The men of this division have nothing to do with the teaching in the college, but are to give their whole time to helping the farmers of the State. The force of this division consists of a superintendent, a specialist in dairying, a specialist in general an personal property as now provided by law for the collection of taxes; to? gether with an additional 5 per cent of the whole amount, which shall be the Sheriff's compensation for mak? ing such collection in addition to one dollar for making such levy, which shall be paid by the delinquent with? out entry or mileage fees; Provided, however, that any person or corpora? tion shall have the right of apneal to the City Council of Sumter (notice of such appeal having been made to the Clerk and Treasurer within live days from the time at which such assess? ment of license and penalty shall have been made) and upon hearing such appeal the said Council shall make such order therein as It shall seem just and proper, and provided furth? er, that In lieu of the remedy above In this section set forth to enforce i'.ivnicnt, an action or notions may be brought by the city of Sumter, in any irt of competent jurisdiction for the recovery of said license tax ar.i ? na It les thereon, and provided, fur? ther, that any person, persons or cor? poration who shall carry on, or at mpt to carry on any calling, busi neea profeaetoii or occupation with? out a license as herein required, or who vhall neglect or refuse to give the Information required or to an ? r y\\rh questions as may be re? quired, or who shall fail to attend befofi the Mayor to be examined by him when s<> required) as is provided in aectlon 11 and in, of this ordinance may he deemed guilty of a violation thereof before the Mayor or city Council ami may he fined not more thrm one hundred dollars or he im prieoned not exceeding "o days." it is thus clearly to be seen that licence lax-dodging and the making of false statements when application is made for licence can he made a scrtoufl matter, if the Mayor Insists upon the rigid and impartial enforce? ment ??f the law. The announcement that Mr. R, I. Manning will n<>t he a candidate for Governor in the primary this summer will he received with surprise by a majority of the people *>f the State. the politician! eapeclally, Without his having formally announced his candidacy it has been accepted as a l i t thai he was an avowed eatoll date I<t the office; and in all fore oaati of the approaching gubernator? ial campaign he has been taken into ? COflddcratlon as an important fac? tor. By many he was considered the itrongeet of the proepoetlve candt datee\ certain to be in the s? eond prl miry, with an excellent chance <>f lion; hut his itatCment that he is n t a candidate render: a dlflOUMton of his poadble chancee purely eca? demta and useless. While still bold lug the belief that the State COUld do no bettor than elect Richard I. Man? ning, and that by bis refusal to offer lor the otllce, the State is the loser, RrO are glad ho decided riot to enter the raea for, as a private citizen, he i imal husbandry, and a specdalist in rural school agriculture. These form the basis of a permanent institute corps and it is planned to hold a number of institutes at such times as the farmer will be at leisure to at? tend. It is intended that the ma? jority of these institutes shall be held in the rural districts where they will be able to reach those most in need of them. In addition to their work in insti? tutes these men will select a few far? mers scattered over the State, who are interested in their special line of work, whom they will visit regularly and suggest to them improved meth? ods. They will act, as it were, as advisory physician, causing an accu? rate record to be kept of all opera? tions and results and finally publish? ing these in bulletin form for the in? formation of others. Possibly the most important man in this force is the specialist in rural school agriculture. It will be his purpose to encourage the teaching of agriculture in our rural schools. To this end he will select a few rural schools and visit them regularly, giv? ing agricultural instruction to the children. In addition he will also ) meet the teachers in their various or j ganizatlons and by pointing out sub? jects and methods, encourage them to teach agriculture themselves. But it is not Intended that this ex? tension shall be confined to the ef? forts of four men. Every man in the college and especially in the Agri? cultural Department and Experiment Station will be called upon to help in the good work. Each paper in the State will be supplied once a week with a short ar? ticle by some member of the faculty giving useful information to the far? mers on some pertinent subjects, thus, as it were, supplying a good reading course. The engineering department is now preparing a bulletin giving a num? ber of plans and specifications for the building of the simpler rural school houses and stands ready to ad? vise not only along these lines, but regarding all farm buildings. Eventually a number of short courses will be established at the college so that those who have time can spend a few weeks here, thus getting the benefit of the sueprior teaching fut ilities. A summer wind up Institute, or congress, to last the better part of a week upon the col? lege grounds, will be the clincher to each year's work. To sum up then Clemson College is virtually throwing her doors open to i very farmer and citizen of the State She proposes doing this: By holding one hundred or more institutes over the State. By visiting In person the farms of the State and advising with their owners, By sending her representative into the s?bo<.]s and encouraging the teaching of agriculture to those boys and girls who may not be able to at? tend college, By editing a reading course for farmers to be published in every pa p< r In the state. By establishing short agricultural i ours< s f< >r farmers. By assisting in th^ betterment of rural schools and farm buildings. By holding a summer farmers'con? gress once a year, thus bringing to? gether for instruction and the ex J change of ideas the best and most I progressive farmers- of the State. l p t'? the present the superinten? dent of the extension division has he< n alone In this work. During the time from last November until the present he has. with some assistance, held sixty-three Institutes attended I?) over live thousand farmers. Many la doing useful and Important work for Sumter. and his election to publlt office would be a real l<>ss to this community. Ifr. Manning might have beer? elected had he entered the race, the chances arc about even thai he would, but the game, in our opinion, was Mot worth the candle, and as his friend and neighbor we would rather have him remain ;> cltlsen of Bumter tha n be ele< ted < lovernor. of these Institute!, though conducted by but <>ne man, lasted from threo to four hours. I). M. BARROW, Superintendent Extension Work. HOW TO DOUBLE YOUR CORN YIELDS. VI.?The Early Cultivation. By Tait Butler. The particular kind or make of implement, or the exact time at which it should be used, can not be correctly stated so that it will apply to all soils and conditions; hut foitu nately this is not necessary. General principles can be laid down, however, and these are all that any <hlnking farmer needs, if he Is inclined tu use improved modern methods of culti? vation. The approved method.* of cultiva? ting corn have been so frequently de? scribed in these columns that to some of our readers it may seem a useless repetition to refer to them again; hut the subject *s of such g'*eat importance and so few h-ive yet heeded the advice of the edi? tors and farmer-contributors who have discussed it, that we must-again point out the essential features of the early cultivation of the crops. The most important pirl of *he early cultivation of corn is probably that which should be given before the crop is planted. On March 2C?th the writer traveled from Kos-dusko, Miss., to Jackson, Mis.*, a distance of 79 miles. The agricultunl editor is sometimes accused of doing his farm? ing from b car window, and in this instance wo plead guilty to the charge of watching voiy closely the manner in which the land was being prepared for planting. Among other things observed was the fact that only 3 men were usin.? three hoi so plows, and 33 were using two horse plows, while 185 were preparing or breaking the land with one-horse plows. Here were 221 men plowing 260 horses and* mules when one-half the number, with the same horses and mules, could have done more work. But that is not the point we wish to stress: The loss of labor is lamentable, but the worst feature of a system of farming which wastes so much human labor is that the work is not well done. Wherever the two-horse plows were at work there was such plain evidence of better preparation that any one would rec? ognize it at a gU.nce. If a profitable crop is produced on more than 15 per cent, of the lands in preparation it will not be because of proper preparation, but in spite of the most careless and insufficient preparation. Half the cultivation of the corn crop should be given before the seed are planted. It is easier and cheaper to cultivate the land before the plants come up and get in the way of the best pulverizing imple? ments. The great fault in our prep? aration of the land, or in what may correctly be termed the early culti? vation, is a lack of proper pulveriza? tion. This is not now done, nor will it ever be wdth the one-horse plow, without the use of the large smooth? ing harrow, or other pulverizing im? plements. It is useless folly to state we can not get the work stock to pull the implements necesasry properly to pulverize the soil before planting. We must get them, we can get them, and we will get them when the land? owners take sufficient interest in the farming of their lands to give the matter their attention. We would have them now if the tillers of the soil believed them necessary. Each year's failure of the crops will con vinco a larger number of the abso? lute need of more work stock In or? der that the land may he better pre? pared. What has the preparation of the land to do with the proper early cul? tivation of the corn crop? Every? thing! The early cultivation can never be effective or economical wh.'.n the land has not been thoroughly pulverized. Clods can not he broken as easily nor grass as thoroughly' killed after the crop has been plant? ed. After the crop has been planted the smoothing harrow should he run as often as is necessary to keep Ihe top of the ground broken and to kill all grass and weeds just as I bey are coming through the ground. This la the time to kill them because they have neither large roots nor leaves with which to supply themselves with food and moisture. The er? p can be harrowed twice before it cornea up and twice afterward with the same expense that it can he cul? tivated once with two furrows to Ihe row. if properly planted and cultl j vated, the practice of "barring oflf" and "drlting" is n<>t necessary, being I a Useless relic Of the old expensive method of cultivating with a one j horse turning plow. If a crust forms. I the harrow shou! ! be run across the rows just bef? re the plants come through the ground and then it is host to wait until the plants .are well up and r<?oted before again running the weoder or harrow. Whether it is to be a weeder or a smoothing har? row must depend on the character of i the soil, Its condition and the horse power available. The weeder will do good work on sandy soil with one horse to pull it. Is the crop to be cultivated deeply at all? There are two chief objec? tions to cultivating deeply at any time after the crop is planted. First, it adds to the expense and, second, it brines up small weeds and grass seeds to sprout and give trouble, that if left buried deeply would not ger? minate. The advantages of deep cul-1 tlvatlon are to loosen up the ooil and kill grass. With proper preparation and early cultivation, the land will not usually need loosening up again to a depth of more than two inches, and grass will become troublesome only in exceptionally long seasons of continuous rain. Moreover, the turn? ing plow is not alawys necesasry to kill grass. There are cultivators, like the Comet, for instance, if the horse? power is available that will kill grass faster and cheaper.?Progressive Far? mer. Our Ijow Yields of Cotton. The average cotton crop of the whole cotton belt is less than 200 pounds of lint per acre, a good deal less. And yet, when we know that all over the South there are here and there men who seldom fall to make 500 pounds, and a smaller number who make more than this, and now and then one who makes a thousand pounds, it is evident that to nuke this low average there must be many who are growing cotton at an actual loss, for 200 pounds hardly pays more than the cost of growing it. In fact, it does not pay the cost of those who are carried by a merchant. If every farmer in the cotton belt made a bale an acre, it would not take haif the area to make the usual crop, and the remaining acres could be grow? ing something to feed the land or the cattle, and helping to improve the land so that one-fourth ~f the area now planted would make the crop. I may not live to see it, but the time is coming when a Southern far? mer will be ashamed of a crop of half a bale an acre, and will be dis? appointed at less than a bale. The leaven is working, and as the young men come to take charge of affairs, there is going to be a general break? ing away from old methods.?Pro? gressive Farmer. Mr. H. H. Macdonald, the brilliant pianist connected with the Hallet & Davis Piano Company, of Boston, was summoned by wire to the sick bed of his brother in Florida, and on hiy arrival found that he had passed away. Mr. Macdonald has made many fiiends during his stay in Sumter. He will accompany the remains of his brother to far away Nova Scotia. Hon. Leslie M. Shaw refuses to make peace with Japan. Man's Three Duties. I have made a code for my own guidance which may interest you. I hold that a man's first duty is to be a good husband, which implies, of course, that he ought to marry, and then make his wife believe, if he can, that she has been the most for? tunate of women. It isn't easy, but my, how it pays! He must be Lover, Hsuhand, Son, and even Father by turns, and occa? sionally just nobody?he must get clear off the earth; but when he, comes back A man's second duty is to be a good father, which implies, of course, that he ought to have children, adop? ted, if necessary. He ought to be to them the standard by which all other men are measured and found want? ing, because he is their daddy and they love him. A man's third duty is to be a good neighbor; to carry his share?no matter how small or how great it may be?of the community's worthy enterprises; to share the sorrows and the joys of those around him; to make his home a real asset to his community. After a man has done these three things, if he has time and means and strength, he can and should think in wider circles. But the man who does these three well is doing more than if he contributed millions and neg? lected these three. The man who neglects his wife or his children or his neighbors, no matter what other apparently great things he may have done, will hear Gabriel's trumpet very faintly, if at all, on the morning of the Great Day.?Erman J. Ridg way in The Delineator for May. A BLIND TIGER CAUGHT. Jim Green Makes Short Work of Pleading Guilty. For some time Jim Green, the ne? gro barber on West Liberty street has been suspected of selling whis? key. Saturday he received a suit case loaded with the stuff from Columbia. He was seen to take the grip to an out house in the lot back of his shop, and leave it. Chief Bradford went around to make an inspection and found the goods. He promptly arrested Jim who went be? fore the Recorder and pleaded guil? ty and was given $50 or 30 days. A regular pocket business has been go? ing on here every Saturday. The failure to find Dr. Cook's rec? ords on the top of Mount McKinley is nothing. They were left on the other peak. EGGS FC? BLATCHING^Single comb Rhode Island Reds, best lay? ers in the world. $1.00 for setting of 15 eggs. M. L. Moore, Dalzell, S. C. 4-8-6t. W. 2t O'Donnell 6 Co. THE POPULAR STORE OF SUM TER. TO ALL OUR FRIENDS : When you are in to buy for the Spring and Summer, remem? ber that this big store, where each depart? ment is really a store in itself, can offer you values that are well worth your time to see. Buying as large as we do and paying the hard down cash for them as we do, makes the manufacturer anxious to sell us and sell us at the very lowe. t price. They know they don't have to wait for their money. We are Headquarters for DRY GOODS of Every Description Shoes for Man, Woman or Child. Clothing for Man or Boy. Groceries for the Whole Family. O'Donnell 6 Co.