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ME FETOLIIEI fOl FARM. SAVING OF FARM MANURES CUTS DOWN EXPENSES. Hemp la a Mean* of Multi? plying a Supply o* Manure?Di? rections Mr KstablWdng and Maintaining a Com poet Heap That til Accomplish What It Ought. It la eeeentlal to their ultimate ?cccoss that the fanners of the South be Impreeeed with the Import? ance of giving more attention to the savins oi farm manures. The conve? nience of commercial fertilisers, the eaee with which they can be obtain? ed (they ean always be bought on credit.) and the fact that their use requires little forethought have led most of our farmers to forget or neglect the home supply. Another reason way home manures have been neglected Is that owing to the lack of intelligent care of them the re? sults following their use have not >een satisfactory If much good has hen obtained from them. It Is usally reached only by chelr uee In such sarge quantities as it Is difficult to t - f cure upon the average farm. We should not be understood as opposing the Intelligent and econo? mical use of commercial fertilisers. Commercial fertilisers have proved themselves of great value and are destined to play even a greater part in our farm economy; but It is only when used as supplements to the home product that thla will be so. In the ftrst place, they are costly; and, secondly, their exclusive use ln ertead of effecting a permanent im? provement of the soli actually has mns the depletion of that soil of its ? plant food. It Is only when used with green manure and barnyard manures that the most permanent Improve? ment can be accomplished. Mnniirn Not Properly Handled. The small vslue frequently realised the use of barnyard manure from the fact that it Is not ly saved and handled and the tare has lost the greater part of 11s plant food. Barnyard manure mar be regarded as Just so much ?womb matter. It differs, how over, fVom the food from which It Is 'n that, having been once dtgvstr.i, its fertiliser elements are m^fre avertable for plants. ' Available plant food means thai plant fo?. .1 that la easily decomposed vi d solublo la water. If the manure is d to the elements, the wa? rn rales easily and rapidly leeches out the soluble plant food. < her hand. If the manure ? *ed to heat a large amount of the nitrogen Is driven off into the *ttsno*pher? ; so In order t<r get t&e de manure both of these loss must be avoided, are several ways ot accom Ushlnir thin. Probably the beet plan where It Is practicable. Is to haul the manure direct upon the land and plough It in?shallow on clay soils, deeper on sandy loams. Again, especially with horse manure, etc., it Is Hood to allow the manure to re: main In the stable, using plenty of Piter. The animals tramp the ma? nure down, thus excluding the air, and se It Is kept dry it will keep with practically no lose. The litter used la bedding not only Is Itself of value aa a fertiliser, but serves alao to ab? sorb* all liquids and prevent their lose If not practicable to pursue either of these methods, then a Cheap shed can be provided and th? manure stored In It until ready for There Is one precaution that must SO observed when a ehed Is used, and especially If the droppings, from horses predominate. Under these conditions the manure is apt to heat* This should be prevented by dampe n? ing It. For this reason It Is a good plant to have a leaky shed?one that Will not permit the entrance ?f enough water to leach through, but will leak enough to keep the ma? nure moist. In case of protracted drought there should DC artificial means of watering the compost. The question may arise with the farmer whether It Is more economical to go ? to this 1 Ounle and expense with his manure or to depend upon commer? cial fertilisers. This question Is soon answered In the affirmative. Bear In mind that while the farm? er may- buy an e'pial number of pounds of pi mt food he cannot get It In as good a form, nor do the com? mercial fertilizers have as great an efTect. They do not add vegetable matter, do not atart soil fermentatlo i and do not corre< t mechanical de? fects Of the \ ton .,f well pre? served manure from a well-fed horse contain* about JM pounds ?f nitro? gen, 5.2 pounds of phosphoric sei i and 1.6 pounds of potash plant food that *ould cost 11.11 bought as commercial fertilizer This Is OS *a bari? of lr, cents a pound for nitro? gen. 4 1-2 cents for pfcosptl >rlc SCld snd 6 cents for potash, 12 Ton* for Otic Horse. A horse weighing l.nuO ponndl will produce about 12 tons of ma nur?? In a year, and this manure Is consequently worth 7 3-5 cents a day. or about $27 a year. The manure from the average cow Is worth about 6 1-2 cents a day, or $23.20 per year. These values are based on the presumption that the animals are well fco*?* ^Vhere the common ma? nure heap Is used for all animals and for all farm refuse, while Its com? position Is necessarily variable, It can safely be assumed that a ton of it will contain 12 pounds of nitrogen, 5 pounds of phosphoric acid and 6 pounds of potash. The plant fer? tilisers in a ton of manure are worth commercially from 12 to $2.25. These values do not take into considera? tion the indirect benefits to the soil. While the actual plant food contain? ed In a ton of bam yard manure !s worth at least $2, it is safe to say that the farmer will derive nearer $3 worth of good from It. When left In loose heaps, under cover It has been found lhat manure loses 1.4 per cent of its nitrogen. When these heaps are not covered 'this loss amounts to 30 per cent, and when exposed in thin layers, as 1j the case when It is left on the barn lot, this loss Increases to 64 per cent Putting It differently, the same man? ure that, when properly cared for, is J worth $2.18 a ton, if allowed to re? main in loose heapj for twelve months, is worth only $2. When those heaps are uncovered the value falls to $1.70, and the unprotected thin layer at the end of that time Is worth only $1.10. This Is not the extent of the loss, for that portion of the fertilizer ingredients that Is left is the least valuable, and what we have Is really only the refuse o* the formerly valuable manure. This tre I mendous loss from improper hand I ling easily explains why our farmerd I And It necessary to use such large quantities of manure to derive much benefit from It It will be observed I that even when the manure Is stored In a shed there Is a loss. By cover? ing the manure heap with certain I substances it is found that not only I can this loss be prevented, but that I the stock of manure can be very greatly Increased. A ton of ordinary I loam will absorb 13 pounds of nitro I gen, and if placed over the manure I heap will prevent all loss of that sub I stance. Sawdust will absorb 8 pounds I per ton. Wheat straw will absorb I nearly 4 pounds or the nitrogen. The I necessary for absorbents brings us to I the consideration of the compost I heap. I By the compost heap the farmer is I able to multiply his available manure I many fold. We should remember I that anything of vegetable or animal I origin is a valuable fertilizer if put I In proper condition. Th?; compost I heap Is the means of doing this. One I ton of leaves contains 16 pounds of I nitrogen, 6 pounds of phosphoric j acid and 6 pounds of potash, and at 1 ordinary values for these substances I Is worth nearly 38. A ton of straw I similarly Is worth 32.26 and sawdust I 32.20. These values, of course, are I based on their total composition. In I actual practice It Is safe to assume I that half of their values are avail I able. But It Is only after undergoing I fermentation In the compost heap I that these values are available. That It wtH pay the farmer to I give more attention to the compost I heap has been repeatedly proved by I practical trails. At the North Louis I lana experiment station, Calhoun, I La., the following results were ob I talned: The land normally would I produce one-fourth of a bale of cot I ton and 7 to 10 bushels of corn to I the acre. By the annual application I of 30 bushels per acre of a compost I composed of stable manure, cotton I seed, acid phosphate and loam, this [yield ha? been Increased from 1 1-1 I to 1 1-2 bales of cotton and 50 to 60 I bushels of corn. The annual expense J of applying this compost amounted I to a little over $1 per acre. Locate the compost heap In an old shed, or build ,\ shed, with any kind t old material for a roof. If the shed leaks some, all the better. Spread on the ground in a layer 10 inches thick 10 bushels of stable j manure, wetting thoroughly. Over this scatter 100 pounds of acid phos? phate or 100 pounds of high grade ground phosphate rock. Then follow with another layer of manure and phosphate, etc. Continue these alter? nate layers until all the manure 13 used up. or until the pile has become Inconveniently high; then cover the pile, both top and sides, with 4 inches of forest mold or good loam taken from the fence corners. If stable manure or mold Is not a\allable use straw, leaves or any waste material, even weeds. Be sure and wet all thoroughly. After the heap has stood from four to six weeks It should be worked over and well mixed. This If best done by beginning it one end and cutting It down vertically, throw? ing the manure In a pile behind. Wet again and cover again With loam. It will be ready for use In thre.- or four weeks. The above proportions are for use with cotton. When the compost is daatfad fat sofa the Quantity of phos* phate can bi reduced?use only 60 pounds instf.nl of 100 to each layr. Thirty baattela or one two-horse wa? gon load, per acre of this compost will produce very marked results When this quantity ts used. It 1? best applied In the drill Just prior to planting. If preferred, the rows can be marked off and the compost ds tributed in this furrow and then bed? ded on. lie careful, however, not to bury it too deep, especially on clay soils. It I-* sate to estlma*?- that thlf Quantity of such a compost will more than doublo the crop on poor land the first year. Thus the composted 'and can be related, and In tne course of a very few y?ats all the land will be pe.'manentl/ improved. Bearing in mind the supplemental value of the cowpea, it is safe to say that at least 60 per cent can be ad? ded to the productiveness of the av? erage 100-acre farm, and that simply at the cost of a few tons of acid phosphate and a little labor. With the compost and with the cowpea at his service to save and gather nitro? gen for him, the average farmer is simply throwing his money away when he buys that substance In com* merclal fertilizer, for he could pro? duce all his land needs upon his farm. Economy should be his watchword, and there Is no better place for him to start than by stop? ping the waste of nitrogen that is so flagrant throughout the whole South. The soil is the farmer's bank, and the fertility stored therein by nature is his capital. He can no more ex? pect to draw indefinitely upon this supply without ultimately exhausting It than he could expect his check to be honored without making fresh deposits. The people of the South have been doing this for years, and their credit in nature's bank is getting low. Ev? ery ton of hay sold from t>ie farm, the manure from which Is not re ijrned to the soil, takes off worth of fertilizer, cotton seed about $11, corn $6.75. This has beei\ goin^ on tdi the farm responds reluctantly to many of our drafts. We trust that we have made the value of farm manures sufFtclent'y evident and that more farmers will give attention to their saving. S. A. KNAPP, Special Agent in Charge. A GOOD MAN DEAD. Dr. Samuel M. Smith, of Columbia, Passes Away. Columbia, Jan. 10.?Dr. Samuel M. Smith, pastor of the First Presbyter Ian Church, of this city, one of the most eminent divines and scholars in the State, died suddenly at 11:30 o'clock this morning at his home here. The news of Dr. Smith's death was a severe shock to Columbians, for he has labored in this community for more than twenty years, and it is with a feeling of personal loss that his death Is regretted. Dr. Smith arose this morning feel? ing unwell and complained of a se , vere pain In his chest. He sent for his friend and family physician, Dr. R. A. Lancaster, and while convers? ing with Dr. Lancaster in his bed room at 11:30 a. m., he arose to go into an adjoining room. He fell, dy? ing Insantly. Apoplexy $ was the cause. Dr. Smith is survived by his wife and one son, Prof. Reed Smith, now engaged in teaching in Cincinnati' Mr. Reed Smith was at home for the Christmas holidays, and left only one week ago to return to his work. ?Chamberlain's Cough Remedy Is a very valuable medicine for throat and lung troubles, quickly relieves and cures painful breathing and a dangerously sounding cough which indicates congested lungs. Sold by W. W. Slbert. No, Alonzo, a pile of filthy* Incre isn't necessarily a heap of dirt. ?Have you a weak throat? If so, you cannot be too careful. You cannot begin treament too early. Each cold makes you more liable to another and the last Is always the harder to cure. If you will take Chamberlain'8 Cough Remedy at the outset you will be saved much trouble. Sold by W. W. Sibert. Force without judgment falls by its own weight.?Horace. DO IT NOW. Sumter People Should Not Wait Until It Is Too Late. The appalling death-rate from kid? ney disease Is due In most cases to the fact that the little kidney troubles are usually negelcted until they be? come serious. The slight symptoms give place to chronic disorders and the sufferer goes gradually into the grasp of diabetes, dropsy, Bright's Disease, gravel or some other seri? ous form of kidney complaint. ir you surfer from backache, head? aches, dizzy spells; if the kidney se? cretions arc irregular of passage and unnatural in appearance, do not de? lay. Help the kidneys at once. Doan's Kidney Pills are especlc .y for kidney disorders?they cure where others fail, over one hundred thousand people have recommended them. Here's a case at home: Mrs. Win. Bultman, 5 E. Calhoun St.. Sumter, S. C, says: "I found Doan'l Kidney pills to be an excel? lent remedy, My back ached for some time and I was in almost constant misery. I llnally saw Dunn's Kidney Pills advertised, procured a box at Chlna'l drug store and used them in accordance with the directions. They relieved the pain.-- and atrengthened my back and I have not been troubled since, i gladly recommend hoan's Kidney Pills." For sale by all dealers, Price 50 cents. Foster-Mllburn Co., Buffalo, New York, sole agents for the United States. Remember the namo?Doan's?and take no other. No. 16. CENSUS KEPOKT OX GINNING. Gives Amount of Cotton Crop Pre? pared Up to Junuury 1 as 9,046,285 Bales. Washington, Jan. 10.?The report of the census bureau issued today shows that 9,646,285 bales of cotton, counting round bales as half bales, were ginned from the growth of 1909 to January 1, 1910, as compared with 12.465,298 bales for the crop of 1908; 9,951,505 for the crop of 1907, and 11,741,039 for the crop of 1906. The proportion for the last three crops ginned to January 1 is 95.3 per cent, for the crop of 1908, 90 for 1907 and 90.6 for 1906. The number of round bales included this year is 144,847 compared with 230,572 last year and 179,694 for the season of 1907-08. Sea Island this year aggre? gates 89,499; last year 86,528 and 73,425 for 1907-08. The number of bales of cotton, counting round as half bales and ex? cluding Unters, for the crop of 1909 to January 1 by States and compared with the crop of 1909 follows: State. 1909. 1908. Alabama.1,017,826 1,103,338 Arkansas. 657,732 910,423 Florida. 60,136 66,855 Georgia.1,812,994 1,930,783 Louisiana . . . 251,844 453,210 Mississippi . . .1,005,166 1,522,160 North Carolina . 606,196 647,509 Oklahoma . . . 526,602 585,010. South Carolina .1,099,718 1,175,220 Tennessee . . . 226,791 317,010 Texas. 2,336,650 3,485,007 All Other States 54,530 67,777 Grand total .. 9,646,285 12,465,298 The distribution of sea Island cot? ton for 1910 by States follows: Florida, 27,482 bales; Georgia, 49, 886 bales; South Carolina, 12,131. The statistics in this report for 1910 are subject to slight corrections when checked against the individ? ual returns of the ginners being transmitted by mail. KILLED IX CL?RENDOX. Joe White, Fifteen Years Old, Fatal ly Shot While Returning Home From Hunting. Wilson, Jan. 11.?Joe White, the 15-year-old son of Henry White, was accidentally killed by Pinkney To? bias, 13 years old, on Saturday after? noon. The boys had been hunting and stopped for a short while at a neigh? bor's house. When they decided to start again young Tcblas threw his gun on his shoulder, wnen it went off, the entire load tearing through young White's neck. He died In a few minutes. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always bought Bears the Signature Farm Loans. Loans negotiated upon improv? ed farms, payable in annual in? stallments. No Commission. Borrowers pay actual cost of per? fecting Loan. For further infor? mation apply to JOHN B. PALMER & SON. P.O. Box 282, Phone No. 1085. Office Sylvan Bldg. COLUMBIA, S. C. 12-8-2m. TAX RETURNS FOR 1910, OFFICE OF COUNTY AUDITOR SUMTER CO., SUMTER, S. C, Dec. 3, 1909. Notice is hereby given that I will attend, In person or by deputy, at the following places on the days In? dicated, respectively, for the purpose of receiving returns of real estate, personal property, and poll taxes for the fiscal year commencing January 1st, 1910. Tindalls, Tuesday, Jan. 4th. Privateer, (Jenkins* store,) Wed? nesday, Jan. 5th. Manchester, Levl's, Thursday, Jan. 6th. Wcdgefleld, Friday, Jan. 7th. Claremont Depot, Monday, Jan. 10th. Hagood, Tuesday, Jan. 11th. Remberts, Wednesday, Jan. 12th. Dalzell, Thursday, Jan 13th. W. T. Brogdpn'i Store, Friday, Jan. 14th. Mayesville, Tuesday, Jan. 18th. Bhtioh, Wednesday, Jan. 19th. Norwood's X Roads, Thursday, Jan. 20th. 08wego, Friday, Jan. 21st. All persons whose duty It Is to make returns should be prompt to ] meet me at these appointments. All I returns must bo mado before Feb. 20lh, 1910. J. DIGGS WILDER, Auditor for Sumter Ci. 1-2-3-1-21-10. SELLERS PAYS $500 FIXE. Columbia "Blind Tiger King" Gets Stiff Sentence for Allegrtl Selling Of Whiskey. Columbia, Jan. 11.?Wade Hamp? ton Sellers, familiarly known throughout the State as the "blind tiger king of Columbia," today paid into the Richland Court of Sessions, for selling one-half pint of whiskey, the record fine for offences of this character, handing to Clerk Walker, when Judge Prince sentenced him to pay a fine of $600 or serve six months at hard labor, the sum of $500 In cash. Takes Jury Only Few Minutes to De? termine Xegro's Fate. Klngstree, Jan. 11.?Johnnie Rose, alias John Wood, a hegro of about IS years, was, upon the charge of as? sault with criminal Intent, this after? noon sentenced to pay the death pen? alty for his crime on Feb. 4th. A barber in the Bronx who halls from Italy has a sign painted on his window "Barbltonsorlal Parlor." Col. C. A. Parkins was fatally in? jured In Greenville Tuesday after? noon by an electric car. Two negro children to death In a house county Monday night. Were burned In Richland God never shuts one door but he opens another.?Irish. The Ballot. TWENTY-FIVE VOTES FOR ?ftftftftftftftftftftftftftftSm&EIVftMftftftft ? m a vft ft SM. g( Address.* 9, .. S District. K Subject to rules of Hie Osteen Publishing Co.'s Contest. Void ^ after January 25. HORSES, MULES. BUGGIES, WAGONS, RAINESS, BUILDING MATERIAL,? Lime, Cement, Acme Wall Plaster, Shingles, Laths, Fire Brick, Clay, Stove Flue and Drain Pipe, Etc. TT j /-i ? All kinds, Horse, Cow, Hog and Hay and Grain-Chick(:n Feed_ ;. :: .. ? _ SEED OATS, WHEAT, RYE AND BARLEY. A car load or a single article. Come and see us, if unable to do so, write, or phone No. io. BEST LIVERY IN SUMTER. lock (6., SUMTER, SC. ftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftft ft a t*?t* mxr FOR THE FUNDS OF jj S SAFETY OUR DEPOSITORS .... ft m ? m m m M ? Promptness in all transactions, and unexcelled facilities for handling your business in every department of banking is the basis upon which this bank, the Oldest and Lar?st in the city of Sumter, invites your account. ft ? ft ft ? ft First National Bank, ?er <s. c. * r Here's a Good Scheme! -Phone 85 For what you want in Fancy and Heavy Groceries. We are appealing to those who appreciate good service, liberal treatment, fresh goods and full weights and measures. THIS WEEK WE WILL SELL THE Famous Tennessee Eggs, Candled and Graded, at Red Cross Milk, i6oz. Best Milk, Every Can Guaranteed 30c doz. 10c can. Ever tried Cherry Pie and Cherry Dumplings in Mid-Winter? Makes one of the finest deserts; beside^ you can use the straight cherries. Our Name is a Household Word." ?" QUALITY REIGNS" M - -