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h ^lii bman mib 5out|jr(m. SATWOAYy OCTOBER 2, 190?. The tiumtfit Watchman was found ^?j 1410 and ins Trut Southron In Two wtconitn and Southron baa tlis combined circulation and nee of both Of the old pipers, Is imantfestir the boat advertising in in 8u inter. lit _J. The tone >< tut editorial comment On the the iu*ult ef the Farnum trial hi the Cetmmbia State and the Char lentea News and Courier Is so differ on* that we reproduce both editorials to Mil far comparison The 8tate editor**! is to the point and freely, feeurlessly and candidly expresses its opinion, wh.le the News and Courier does neither The News and Cour? iers editorial Is a notable achieve? ment is t?<? art of saying nothing and li worthy of being died along with too* euua#ty as artistic achievement. Ms editerial?"Vote for South Car? olina,'' wh?~h woo printed on the eve of the pcinrvy In which Jim Tillman won n cartibdste for Governor of Sooth Carolina. ? ? f The WeAcv Pair Association should pay afti the expense* of President Tafts vi Mil t* Columbia, since he Is to be esadc the premier attraction of Iii? coconien km a drawing card to swell the gate receipt*, out classes n balloon ascension, a two-headed wamis sr a wild man from Borneo. 0 'O ? 0 MnJ Jean Black was evidently a rolssMo swd useful man to ths liquor nouses, ffeey certainly paid him llb ?rsJly re* his services. ? I ? Is thai c any law that can he so construed as to convince a Jury that there is nothing unlawful in reviving ?ruft, rehatee or commissions? ? ? ? The Governor's contingent fund helps est the state Fair's Taft elde show ?tu action to the extent of $150. A oentt ibutton by the State for the ?nterth'imu mu of a visiting President, ojsjsjld be rigtit and proper but when the President Is to be con vnrteJ Inl I s midway attraction on the fair grounds the use of the con* tlngetit fund ii open to criticism. Wov?? contingent fund chip In, It Pr^ i.'in Tart wss festured as th ? sftax etirocttQu of the Sparta nburg fair? ? i i Je? II Vfytl* the grafter, is earn- | g Ui? -MR''v ? e ? The icf?>ri of Expert Accountant HarrstMMi snd the commute report there** have been generally discussed by dti'<ma snd a majority of them mi <ii ? opinion that the commit* (.??UcPtm of Mr. Harralson's re? port wun net too severe. Almost ev orybeJv <hjnk? the city paid $tt00 for n gets Urtck utggMIHlOP COLLEGE OPENS. ? ?loooUi Term WIUi Over TOO Miudnucs. K ? . Hill, Sept. U.?Winthrop t*olle<,.? began its fifteenth session this mornio ; with ? grest attendance of over stuii nts. The exact num? ber V?*? tie given in a day or two. The fort* to take care of this large enre'i? c ?nslsts of 73 office rr and tcui> m The course of study has Loe* bio* lened and strengthened *err iow h tins year by the creation fif r?**r 1-p n tments and the addition Os* |n?4re)c4ofa in others. ? ?Ppivtin vit of pedagogy Ivj^ bee* a ?' ??nod by the election of an safes*lute prof, ssor of p->dagOK> mnt rmtendent of the Training ts ?1 th ? ii ?w department of blolo* I It he-.mi organised; the model ?? I gang provided as a pffJOtloO n( fuy the departments of g< science and arts, etc. the opb* ?' new appointments of the no) i: >-t tormltory. dlnia.? room, Mtvfc ?? laundry, dairy barn. etc... to. ?s *ltn enlarged and . tiv'-igrh HP I Nettling force and bfOOdOnod Ni SJ hint make it sqn.il lOMl is ? i <m <?< its kind In th coun y. ei ?rtrbxttlon of the gOllogt is to i fc< I than It has ever he n, frU%4 i the additional 200 *tu I i li itted thl* year. Sei I ? b* >ri. Junior*, sopho SC' . ? ?? 1 rreshnsOS were annuur. 1 Ink ? I < !o- M the ?piming lay and ?i will be at work t ? \fter Montis of ill ' in Hnitliuore Ho* all li * *i hn ?! nt j.. s..pt. it, PorsjK r CJ? I ssOWWttttl Of H ?;.|? *??n > il>> I c u ,y thla m >t -.in ; a' **> ? n >i> ., Irani aftof tu I Ilm ?r Sjfwerat g u i gj , ,m.- ht Julj in 4 *<in ? health and gr?'. until 1? Snd, His widow m I bsjH, tsggj?Sj4 M Swern. > v?er?? with Sim ? ib ? I,an (/i ni^ ,|, .,(ii. l h.-v will the body sent to Hampton, ft. C ?bt / ?einer home of the ex-gov Farmers' Union News ?AND - Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Conducted by E. W. Dabhs. President Farmers' Union of Sumter County.) The Watchman and Southron having decided to doable its service by semi-weekly publication, would improve that service by special feature**. The first to be Inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers' Union and Practical Farmers which I have been requested to conduct. It will be my aim to give the Union news and official calls of the Union. To that end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish such clippings from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletins aa I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of our readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and published. Trusting this Department will be af mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for tl Is Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbs. Mayesville, 8. C. Inoculation for Legume*. There seems to be a great deal of misunderstanding In regard to the matter of Inoculation, or the intro? duction of the bacteria that live on the roots of legumes and enable them to get nitrogen from the air. Many people have the Idea that the pres? ence of these bacteria is essential to the growth of the legumes. The fact. Is, that no inoculation will avail any? thing If the soil Is In such condition that the bacteria cannot thrive In It. If your soil Is acid and deficient in lime, :io amount of Inoculation will do any good, for the acidity of the soil will destroy the bacteria; and the le? gumes, with the single exception of the cowpea will not thrive In acid con? ditions In the soil. But If the soil Is sweet and abun? dantly supplied with plant food any legume will thrive. Inoculated or not. But without the Inoculation It will not be able to get and combine the free nitrogen from the air, and will, like other plants, get its nitrogen from that which la plentiful in the soil. Inoculation aimply helps the plant to get nitrogen and thrive where nitrogen Is deficient in the soil, but uny legume plant may grow and '.hrive in a aoil abundantly supplied .ith lime and plant food even if the a tcria are entirely absent. Inoculation is an aid simply be? came if enables the plant to get nitro? gen. But if the soil Is sour, no inoc? ulation will avail. Therefore, to get the full value of the legumes in the improvement of our soil we must as? certain the condition of the soil, and If acid, we must restore Its alkalinity *y applications of lime before making an effort to inocualte it with the nl '.ro^en-flxlng bacteria. I saw a beautiful piece of alfalfn 'ast week, which was Just ready for the third cutting, it was growing on ?x deep sandy coll near the barn and bad been made solely by liberal ap? plications of stable manuie that keeps the soil sweet and productive, but I do not believe that It is doing any? thing towards getting nitrogen from the air, though making large crops of hay. It is simply taking the plant food that is abundantly supplied to it every year. The greater part of the failures ot clover to grow have been due more to lack of plant food in an acid soil than to the lack of inoculation, fer clover will not thrive in ucid condi? tions any more than the bacteria will, ond the first thing to be done Is to sweeten the soil. I do not mean to discourage the efforts to get the soil inoculated, for the ilxing of the free nitrogen from the air is the greatest 'eature connected with the growing of egume crops, and if we want to cet th. best results Iron the legUKtts it is Important that they gi t the inoc? ulation. Lagt summer 1 wus shown a ?mull part of a field of peas on which the oWnet had applied some nitratt ?I so 'a. The growth was Immensely superior, but the plants were .-imply ? ttlng the abundant nitrogen in the soil and were not doiiig ai much fix? ing of the free nitrogen as tin* other* that ha 1 not so muri, in the aoil. '.t ; t sen found in i>. Ian an- that on land whi-r,- the crimson clove: form? erly acquired ? great deal of the tren nitrogen, as the sol] becamt hitter upplled with nitrogen from the re i Sted turning under of the clover in t'/.e peach orchards, the plants Axed ill less nitrogen because there was I Id ly In thS SOU for Mem and the j 'l',;:, I oi?. Ii Cat th ? land n\??^^\ and well sup < ! . .\.\ ,?".?* ifi, .;?..., a t , .it.t I id the bacteria Wtfl thrive ami the I gumeS v. ill ?et lh< nitrogen troiu I fas air. Make the land SWCCt and ch with, nitrogenous manures and Is inues will thrive, but win gel He nitrogen from tin- air. Pro ares ? VC Farmer, The elty's crop of corn has been I irveeted and the out-turn was quite . itlsfactory, when the fact that the eoffl was considerably Injured by the I July drought. The ten acres pro? duced a little more than 36 bushels to the acre. NOT ENOUGH COWS AND NOT ENOUGH FEED. Southern Dairy Cattle Largely Under? fed?Maintenance Comes Before Milk Production, and Unless the Cow Has Feed Enough for Both, The Yield of Milk Falls Off. (By Prof. John Michels. West Ra? leigh, N. C.) This State loses annually about four and a half millions of dollars for want of enough cattle to consume the cottonseed meal that is now thrown directly upon the land as a fertiliser. Feeders should understand that in general about 75 per cent of all the fertilizing ingredients in feeds are re? covered in the manure. But in spite of the fact that about 26 per cent of the fertilizing ingredients of the feed go to make milk, it has been shown by actual tests that a ton of cotton? seed meal will make the same amount of cotton whether put upon the land in the raw form or after it has been fed to cattle and the manure supplied to the land. The passage of the cot? tonseed meal through cattle renders the fertilizing ingredients more I available and the manure also lm I proves the mechanicai condition of I the soil. There is no greater waste in agri? culture, I believe, than the destruc? tion of the feeding value of cotton? seed meal at $35.00 per ton. The best proof of this we have in the fact that for many years Denmark and Ger? many have been importing large quantities of cottonseed meal from the Southern States for the purpose of butter production, and while this meal has cost the foreign farmer T30.00 or more per ton. he and his lands have become greatly enriched from butter produced on imported cottonseed meal. Southern Products Making European Soils Kiol*. Denmark imports annually eight hundred million pounds of oil cake which is unground cottonseed meal and linseed meal after the oil has been pressed from it. Germany im? ports over one billion pounds of tills meal annually. Both of these coun ries have been importing this meal primarily for the or tduction of but ?er; but Incidentally, by virtue of the tact that the feeding has not lessened its fertilizing value, the lands In these two countries h ive become enormous? ly rich, idling in many instances at from $1,000 to $2.000 an acre. A natter which is beginning to ap? peal strongly to the farmers is the growing of leguminous crops. But the reason no more of these crops are grown at the present time. I think, is uue to the lack of live stock to which to feed these crops. Leguminous erons as well as other crops are hand? led in the most economical manner by feeding them to stock. Another matter of importance to remember in connection with feeding Stock is that there Is nothing that has lUCh ? beneficial effect upon the soil as well made manure. This is not ? !y rich In available plant food bul ll also rich in humus in which most our soils are sadly deficient; and 'A'hat l> Of HO little importance, mnn ' ure Is rieh In bacterial life which !? as neci ssary to the soil as water and air. Cottonseed Meal ami Ullage Bconoml < ai Feeds. To feed dairy cattle economically we must 't ed only stock of the dairy i r >ods. it does not mattet so much wh< ther this stock be purr bred or high grade, bul it mast be stock ftofc ?'??? ri' business to make milk, A beefy cow. which nature In l nded for lm ef purposi s, cannot be m tde a high milk producer under any system of feeding. Having solet t< I the proper cattle, the next Importanl matter is to select the proper feeds, Cottonseed meal i:; the cheapest dairy fred we have, and hulls are the most pensive. Therefore see to it that no hulls are fed and that the cow* re? ceive a liberal allowance of oototn seed meal. There Is perhaps no feed with which cottonseed meal can be fed so successfully as with corn silage, and the latter is also the cheapest rough oed that can Le fed to dairy cattle, lit those who have no silage to feed, md those who do not handle enough ows to warrant the erection of a silo, may feed corn stalks, cowpea fcay, or almost any other roughage more economically than cottonseed hulls. For a number of years I have fed from five to six pounds of cottonseed meal per cow daily, supplemented with some wheat bran or dried brew? ers grains, when the roughare con? sisted chiefly of corn silage. Where no corn silage is available and the cows must be fed on dry forage, I do not think it would be safe to feed more than three or four pounds of cottonseed meal per cow daily. My advice to every farmer who has ten or more cows, is to build a silo, an i to do it at once, even if he has to borrow the money to do it. Moat Dairymen Feed Too Little. Another point in connection with feeding dairy cattle is to remember i that it pays to feed a cow to the limit of her capacity. It can be safely de? pended upon that a. cow which re? ceives only three-fourths of a full ra? tion will yield only one-half aa much milk as the same cow receiving a full ration. The reason for this is that about 50 per cent of all the food that a cow consumes is required for her maintenance. The other half goes to form milk- When we withhold one fourth of the full allowance of feed for a cow we are supplying only one half the amount of feed which is ac? tually required for the production of milk. Yet 1 hin that It is safe to say that at nine-tenths of our dairymen fail to supply the final quar? ter of the cow's ration. Always feed a cow to her full capacity and this means to supply feed as long &d there is an oconomical response In milk. Of course it would be perfectly useless to feed a cow whos** milk production is limited to two gallons per day, a four-gallon ration, because the feed for the two gallons would be wast? ed. My Ideas on Saving Corn Forage. While I am thoroughly convinced that the best way in most sections to save corn and corn stover is to cut i It off at the ground and cure it in I shocks, I am also certain that in some climates It is very uncertain in many I seasons. I have known cut down stover and corn seriously damaged on the College farm at Raleigh in a bad season, and the farmer in Beaufort Co.. N. C, who wrote that he had had his crop damaged three years out of live is nwt a native Tar Heel, but un Intelligent Scotchman who is perfect? ly used to the most advanced method. of farming. Hence, it will not do to say that it is folly to say that corn cannot always be safely cured in this way in the South. Doubtless there less loss of corn in cutting the crop at the ground, but so far as the qual? ity of the feed saved is concerned, it is far better stripped and topped and cured as thousands cure It in the South. There is not the slightest doubt of the superior quality of the blades and top? saved In this way, while there is certainly a loss In tin corn. But in sections where in three years out of five, the cut down corn will be seriously damaged, the ques? tion may be, Is it not better to stand the loss of grain and get better for? age? Now, I am not arguing against the value of the cutting down as a gen? eral practice, for I believe in it. But intelligent men in these humid coast regions find that the practice there Is incertaln. and 1 am not going to tell 'hem they do not know what is good for them. I believe that well cureu stover shredded is excellent feed am' and pays for all the labor of getting it. But I cannot say that these men are entirely wrong, and I do not be lleve they arc. There is no sort of comparison be twoen this curing of fodder and the curing of legume hay. for this is or should be done largely after it has boon removed, from the field to the barn under cover. Then, as in the Isle of Wight County in Virginia where the hog is a leading industry and high-priced bacon and hams are produced on all the farms, they have pens among the corn and they want them eaten by the hogs, and hence cannot leave the com in ?hockl I I cure in the tield. but strip the stall ; and gather the corn before turning the hogs In to clean up the peas and then to glean the peanut fields. Hence, the longer \ live the more len lent i am with practices that have arisen out of local conditions, The Isle of Wight farmere make big crops of corn and big crope of peanuts, and are prosperous, making money on land worth $100 an acre notwith? standing they do not cul and shock their corn, And I am n<>t going to tell th. m that it Is nonsense, and that they should cut their corn off al the ground. The practice ?>i stripping blades grew up out of the lach of other for? age, and where one grows an abun? dance Of hay it does not matter BO much that the corn stover la nol of ?UCh good quality as the stripped blades, and I would like to see every farmer where the conditions favor the practice, cut his corn off at the ground and get the land into small grain as speedily as practicable. But we cannot make hard and fast rules that will fit every man's conditions, and we cannot say that our way is in all cases the best and only way of doing anything on the farm.?Pro? gressive Farmer. Better Plowing an a Guide Post to "$500 More a Year Farming." When you come to think of it se? riously, it would be hard to find a se? verer criticism of Southern agricul- I tural methods than the simple state? ment of Dr. Butler's on page 3 that he saw last March 189 one-horse nlows at work and only 19 two-horse ,)lows. This means that ten out of every eleven farmers were doing prac? tically twice as much work?walking twice as many miles as necessary?to plow an acre of land, and that when j the plowing was done it was not well ! done. In other words, in ten cases! out of eleven the labor of a man is considered of less value than that of a mule, and in ten cases out of eleven j the crop is reduced below what should j reasonably be expected on that land I by poor work in the initial prepare- ! I tion for it. j Did you ever think that to produce i a maximum crop all conditions must be at their best?soil preparation, j seed, cultivation, season and all the j other factors which go to the making i i i of the crop? When the land is poor? ly broken the farmer is at once as? sured that he Is not going to make the crop he should. Xo matter what else he may do, he has, by this impro? per breaking, made it a settled fact that he is not going to get as large a yield on that land as it is capable of producing. Is it not strange, then, that we are content to go on doing such poor plowing year after year? "It is impossible to do good plow? ing with the tittle one-horse plows commonly used in our territory." We cannot say this too often or stress it i too strongly. Until you get a plow and a team with which you can break up your land thoroughly and to a re? spectable depth you are not going to make the crops you should. Good plowing is the very basis of pood farming, and until we do better plow? ing we are going to be regarded, and justly, as poor farmers. We believe in deep plowing as much as anyone, we think; bui. good plowing is not a mere matter of depth. Good plowing means plowing that leaves the soli uniformly loose, well pulverized, and thoroughly mix? ed to a reasonable depth. We do not want the furrows flopped flat over, nor do we want patches and stripe all over the field where the plow ia al? lowed to come half out of the ground, leaving hard, unbroken place?. The fine, mellow seed-bed which is, next to a good soil, the first requisite of a good crop, can be obtained only by a bright, properly-adjusted plow, that has power enough ahead of it to draw it steadily through sods, roots j "drags-up" or "runs on the point," or hard places. The plow which j tries to stay out of the ground puts a needless strain upon the team and the ! plowman and steldom does good work. Here are some good pijws doing good work. Contrast them f, ith the one \ horse makeshifts that run two or three inches deep; and contrast the ! teams that draw them with the little mules th%t couldn't pull a plow that was really plowing. Good farming is impossible without good plowing and good plowing ia impossible with the sort of plows commonly used in the South.?Pro? gressive Farmer. Missionary Institute. The W. M. ?. of South Carolina will hold a Missionary Institute in the First Baptist church, Allendale. S. C Oct. 6-7 for Southern division, and asks that one delegate be sent from each Society in that Division. The object of the Institute is to present plans and methods, which will en? able leaders to work more effectively in W. M. S., T. W. A., and Young People's societies. Those wishing en? tertainment should jend their names at once to Mrs. R. P. Searson. Allen dale, S. C. Six citizens of Greenville refused to serve as jurors In a case before a magistrate and were fined $10 each. To Pittsburg, Pa., And Return via Atlantic Coast Line. Account Centennial Celebration International Christian Society Churches of Christ in America. October Uth-19th. Round trip rate $27.25. Tickets on sale October 9th, 10th, 14th, and Octo? ber 15th, final limit returning, October 25th, 1909. For further information, call on Ticket Agent or write: W. J. CRAIG, T. C. WHITE, Passenger Traffic Mann gor. General Passenger Agent. WILMINGTON, N. C. The Home ?OF THE? Tar Heel The Home ? of the? Tar Heel O'DONNELL 6 CO. These Chilly Mornings Are gentle reminders of the near approach of Winter, and that means more bed covering. When you find that you cannot longer defer the purchase of blankets, do not forget that this is the Home of the Tar Heel The Greatest Blanket Ever Put on the (Market for the Money. 13 cent cotton has not affected the price of of them because they are strictly ALL WOOL. Iii fact we are selling them now m cheap we did when cotton was ; ce nt-. We have cheaper Blankets from 75c to $3 pair. Children's Crib Blanket! $1.50. A Fall !.: teof ComfcrtSb!? from 75c to $7.30 each