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?MDHESOAY. MARCH 24. 1909. The Sumter Watchman wa? found? ed la JltO and the True Southron In It**. Th*? Watchman and Southron ??w has the combined circulation and >eoe of both of the old papers, la snanlfertly the best advertising lea in Sumter. H le to#the predominance of cum sen* In his Intellectual make-up to hka practical, comprehensive uadeeetandlng of actualities that T. Washington owea his won il aucoese as an educator and hla as the leader of the negro race. He eron t >Ih lesdershlp and fame not est aa orator and theorist but as a ens is. er and doer of things that other are>uld-ee leaders of the negroes re Jested as beneath their notice and un srerthy of their tlr*': and talent. He ami tho genlua. or the practical, tterd, common sense, call It what you te see and to know, and the irage to proclaim his faith, that the stoae thst the other builders re? jected was worthy to be made the eg*Inf stone of the temple dedicated mm the uplift of the negro race. He 414 aot discover that honesty and srell directed effort ere the essentials te ?access and advancement, rsctal aa Individual, hut he applied 41 known economic principle So fite solution of the negro problem. And the practical application of the principle, dettpite discouragement and ssaslve opposition of many of those aflsoiii he sought to benefit, and In tne eeccees that hae crowned his ef #ort* we find proof of Booker T. Washington'* genius. That Is the that stands out above all others. As s public speaker, Booker T. fnshlairton has marked ability, he fluently. interestingly end carn ly; he hat personal magnetlam eloquence, but with all these he iM neither draw auch an audience ? he addressed Thursday afternoon I tee Opera House, nor hold their un ivtded attention unless he had back f hin* a record of good work well one. Mis speech waa a strong and full of wisdom and good and so seasoned with humor It appealed to all who heard 'Mm. The speech was is a good and It was so well conceived it pleased both white and black, to come back to the orglns) and to emphasise it so that erfil aot be forgotten, the apeech ille It wee en wrcellent one, was pea Hi whll? only by the feet back of it at<od ths personality maa who has msde his place In teorld aa the leader of nine mil people by a life time of well dl SMCCeesful effort to uplift hia es sad guide their feet In the 9ns of Industry, honeaty, morali and clean living. Tke Bank of Sumter offers two ?tea i one of $50 for the beet yield f ea rn from one acre and one of $25 sr Ike second best yield of corn from tat ecre?which, we trust, will re? al! la wholesome rivalry In corn cul araou* the progressive farmeri II le section of the Slate and a con? test Increase In the also of the crop. The South has frequently luced two much cotton for Its own #s*>4 but If the Mouth, or any Individ farm i has ever produced too ISO) corn we have never heaid of Any Han or device that can be nutated to Induce or encouruk'" farmer* ?t Sumter and adjoining iniUk i? plant more :orn and pro 4ktee snore bushel* to .he sere than Jtfcey have In the past riaa our hearty ansprol? inm mil we coigratulatj th?? Hank of rtumt'T in taking the lead gfj the campaign for more corn and Jfesrgtr y'elds to the acre. ? es thf I Ion of i Ii.? ham some SSew < ourt ii i. i?unty Mon? day i . i.s' -ii <if the a**?m Megsh ii ipvllle that day of ?see of the largest end most roprosoi) ta4>vr geUl i "I Lse Pounty'i sits ssftrti m? '??( ha* ever mH a* one lime The court room. tv hich In large snd commodio is, could not begin to eecummodats ttio.se pre-u-m an?) i? many more people on tKe street* than within the SOlkttng. The eseielm h attending the laying Of c ?m-r lesjM sreee, heJM Ii list ?e AkP and wer? witnessed by an laiinenae crowd, while the dedicato;y eersiooii'4 were ducted in the ?oert i 'om, which WSJ a solid ma -> of p? i . i v nl ' i '?? spat ?? lirin.' ocewjo i The prtrgreninii wnj 1 Start out as pre-arrani;i 'l. saoogd that lion I l?|ii i- c iII.mI on (>>'? mm address in * of several of the ge^SMkers who SOUld not he pr Thf Coerl House Is a magnificent Street or s and. while not so I irire ga smo'o ith-'ra In the state, the one in Humter fbt Instam" . it Is architect? urally .? gem md will stand for many ymi%m to n. mod< I of b'-autv ?staplet to ? and convenience. The l'i? k of politlri u..* and drunk- i ? la past finding out.?New York venlng Hen Farmers' Union News ?AND H Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers R (Conducted by E. W. Dnbbs, President Farmers' Union of Sumter County.) The Watchman and Southron having: decided to double its service by semi-weekly publication, would improve that service by special features. The first to be Inaugurated Is this Department for the Farmers' Union and Practical Farmers which I have been requested to conduct. It will be my aim to give the Union news snd official calls of the Union. To ?hat end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish such clippings from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletins as I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of our readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and published. Trusting this Department will be of mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for this Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbn, Mayesville, 8. C. The April Meeting- of the County Union. State President Harris writes me he will be sure to attend the County Union meeting with Concord Union on April 5th. and will bring with him Mr. Williams of the Government Farm Demonstration tfork. I trust our Union officers and members will turn out In goodly numbers. Also that other farmers and business men who are Interested In the cause will be on hand to give our State Presi? dent a rousing reception. I tried to get Bro. Harris to stay over two or more days so we could have meetings In other localities, but he writes he can be with us only one day. We would be glad to have the De? partment officials who. have charge of Farm Demonstration work in Sumter County attend this meeting. Truckers and market gardeners will please remember that the Union Is for them as well as the cotton farm? ers. Come out! Let us reason to? gether. "In the multitude of Coun? sellors there Is safety." B. W. D. Pretty Ears or More Bushels. The farmer needs an Ideal corn plant first; a plant of a prolific char? acter. short-Jointed and leafy, with the ears borne somewhere near half way between the tassel and the ground, and not a plant with one great ear borne out of reach and with a short top above It that Is so top heavy as to blow down easily. Then we have proved time and again that a corn plant that makes an average of two inedlum-slsed ears wUl always have more shelled corn than a plant that makes one big ear on a stalk. A prolific corn will always have smaller ears than a corn that makes but one ear to the stalk, for it Is a law of na? ture thst when we increase the num? ber of fruits on a plant the recepta clea of i.he Individual fruits are smal? ler. The present rage for big ears Is simply Increasing the tendency to make but one ear to the plant, and the advice to select the best ears 's simply advising farnters to do what they have always been doing and will not advance the yield |fer acre at all. ? es Put ti?e most Important point in real breeding is to remove the plant f cm all surrounding influences that may be retrograding or harmful. ' have examined many fields of corn n different sections, and have neve" ind a field in which there were not fa'ly 10 per cent, of tne stalks with no *?ar at all. And yet, these barren -i iik;? make pollen, and are as strong ma'es as any In the field, and will scat? ter all around them the same ten? dency to make male flowers and no female <?nes. Hence the environment ? the corn has a great influence on its val ie as seed. I :.-rn a field of Illinois corn gOUM time since was selected an ear that ?o completely filled the score card requirement* that it was sold for 1160. I had rather take QOFIl from a nUbbll that was fertilised by first - Inm plants all around it than from tuat $260 ear, if It was surrounded by Inferior plants and harren stalks. set The pla< e for the farmer to select seed corn is in a patch grown for seed purposes, where the tassels are . aret'ully pulled out before ripening i 'in all harren plants, and all that 11<?t come somewhere mar the Ideal plant pre have formed In mind. Then ?steal Ihe bent ears for i future I rd plantation and use the remain? der f'?r the general crop. It takes fears In antabtieh ? hereditary tend" i'i \ i<. ( one true to type, and I would wort for tills. for a plant of a r that I nn ant? d in the COM plant? and one <>r a prolific oharao* HaNliu; gotten t'.ls inheritanc? ef proltfk yield Ihi i n 111 be plant) ? r lime lor the selection or tin bent i rued ears. I he parentage of every grain on tl, fob Ml the important point and >??? whether one ear Is prettier and larger than another, without regard to the plants that furnished pollef? to make its grains. ? ? ? We hear a great deal about plant? ing rows from each of a number of selected ears and watching the re? spective prolificacy In the product of each ear, and then selecting seed from the progeny of the ear that showed the greatest yield. But what was it that made one tar from a plot of corn make more corn than other ears but the environment and inheri? tance of that ear? Would it not be better to look after this environ? ment and get all the ears to inherit the same tendency to prolificacy? Al? lowing only most prolific plants to furnish the pollen, and thus insuring the parcntige of all the grains to be of the best, would be far more likely to dncrease the yield than to assume that the great army of individuals t n an ear constitute ^an individual. Breeding from thoroughbred males is Just as important in corn as in colts. A grade animal may be pretty, and AO may a grade ear of .corn, but neith? er is the best stock for breeding. crub males In the corn field are as bad as scrub males in the herd, either may produce pretty progeny so far as appearance goes. A few days ago I was shown by a good farmer two lots of corn. One pile, he said, was from corn he has been selecting for years. But last -ear he thought to try some of one of the improved strains, and he got some seed of the Early Mastodon that had been grown in the same neighborhood for several years. The ears bought came near the score-card require? ments, nearer than his corn did. He planted but little of it as an experi? ment, and was glad that he did no't plant more, for his own seed made 69 bushels per acre while the score-card bred seed made 37 bushels per acre on the same land that was capable of making in a better season 75 bushels per acre. The Mastodon had larger earfc, better ahaped, deeper grains than his. but the score-card selection had not given it prolificacy and the corn that the score-card men would have passed by, made nearly doubla the crop. s a* - a When we have corn shows in which the prizes are offered for the heat >!eld per acre, not of a single pet acre, but the average of the whole crop planted, with statements of the method of selection of the seed end the cultivation of the crop, we may talk about Improving the corn crop, hut so long as we have shows of big. pretty ears only .there wll be little advance In the production of corn. ? Prof, Massey in Progressive Farmer. $500 If ORE A YKVU FABHING: HOW TO MAKE IT. By Better Care ami Feeding of the Farm work stock. An abundance of efficient farm work stock is an essential to success? ful agriculture. The horse or mule, however, is an expensive animal to maintain and should, therefore. b> kept at work every day and main? tained at the highest point of ettie Isnoy. That we have not that abun? dance of farm work stock, which i* needful, is shown by a comparison of the number of farm workers with the number of our horses and mules. To Obtain the highest returns from our labor, und from the money invested in farm implements, we should have not less than three farm work ani nuiis to each farm worker, whereas it Is an actual fact that we have only One for every two farm workers. It follows, therefore, that since our farm work stock Is expensive to main? tain, is such an Important factor In the success of our agriculture, and Ii Insufficient In numbers to meet our needs, it i apparent that, it by better care and feeding the COSl Of main? tenance ran be reduced and the ef? ficiency of that which we have ma? terially Increased, it Is wsll worth our Willie to glVS serious thOUghl tO the subject a hard-working farm horse or mule should consume about 2 1-2 to 3 tons of hay and from 80 to 100 | bushels of corn in a year. At $10 a ton for the hay, and 50 cents a bush? el for the corn, this means that the cost of feeding a horse or mule so a3 to 'maintain him at hard wark, is from $65 to $80 a year. If the cost of feeding can be lessened, say 15 per cent?and this can be easily done?it means a saving of from $10 to $15 on each animal, or a total reduction in the cost of maintaining the farm work stock in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia of from 10 to 15 million dollars annually. Different Feeds and Their Value. The feeds available for feeding farm work stock may be divided roughly into two classes according to their high or low content of protein. Protein is that constituent of feeds which is known as the "flesh form? ing" element. That is, in young ani? mals it serves to build up the body make bone, muscle, blood and other parts of the body structure. In older animals, it serves to repair the wastes and build up the worn out tissues. Young and hard-working animals, therefore, need more protein than idle, mature animals. The other principal constituents of feeds (carbohydrates?starches, sugars, etc. ?and fats) serve the purpose of sup? plying heat and energy to the body. The farm work stock, therefore, needs a ration containing sufficient protein to repair the wastes of the body and enough of the other food elements to furnish the required heat and energy. Our feeding stuffs v\ hich are more or less rich in prctein, needed to sup? ply material to build up the wasted or worn out tissues, are: Oots, wheat barn, peavine, clover, alfalfa, and other legume hays. The available feeds rich in heat and energy-forming materials are; Corn, corn stover, the grass hays, molasses, and rice products. The average horse weighing 1,000 pounds, and doing fairly hard work, will require, each twenty-four hours, from ten to fifteen pounds of hay and from twelve to fifteen pounds of grain. Now, since corn is rich in the materials necessary to produce heat and energy, we will suppose that ten pounds will supply exactly the force necessary to do the work required of a horse. But corn being poor in the material ncessary to build up the wear and tear of the body, there is not enough of this In ten pounds, and consequently the horse loses flesh. How do we usually try to prevent this? By the addition, say, of four pounds more of corn. But we did not need any more heat and energy-form? ing feed, yet corn is made up large? ly of just this sort of material. What, then, must become of the greater part ct this extra four pounds of corn? It is wasted. The only portion of it that is used is the small amount of pro? tein it contains and which the horse needs to repair his worn-out muscles. But if it were simply wasted, pos? sibly we might stand that as we do numerous other wastes, but in this case we compel our horse to digest more feed than he needs which may so over tax his stomach as to derange digestion, cause colic and finally death. J At present prices of feed stuffs, in the most sections of the South, cot? tonseed meal would be the best con? centrate or "grain" feed. Instead of adding four pounds of corn to the ten pounds we were already feeding, we ought to have added two pounds of cottonseed meal. That is, ten pounds of corn and two pounds of cottonseed meal will give us better results, and the "giain" ration will cost us one seventh less than fourteen pounds of coin. This, of course, only applies when the rough forage is corn fodder or grass hay. How to Balance the Kation. Pasture or green feed is of great value In the feadlng of animals, but a hard-working horse or mule is probably better Without it. This If certainly the cave With any horse of which fast work is required. Sorna treen feed nay be allowed horses and irtjlos doing slow work, but it should never constitute more than one-third the rough feed. Animals getting more, if required to do fast or real hard work, are apt to suffer from i too loose condition of the bowels and colic is not an infrequent result. This is a fruitful cause of trouble with farm-work stock. Unquestionably a section so well adapted to the growing of so large r number of legumes, which make ex? cellent hays and pay the cost of glow? ing by the addition which they make to the fertility of the land, should reed legume hays to its work stock. but these hays are not satisfactory for horses doing fast work for the same reason that green feed Ii not satis? factory. The com ration may be par? tially balanced with such hays, but it is quite probable that better results will be obtained if one-half the long forage Is made up ?f corn stover o 1 gram hay. tf more protein Is de? sired than can be obtained from halt B ration of legume h;iy it had bettet he supplied by cottonseed meal. Probably the cheapest and beet ra An Up-to-Date Clergyman Describes an Up-to Dote Household Remedy that Has Had the Test of Time and Is Known the World Over. Some preachers are afraid to give an outspoken opinion on any remedy, however highly they may esteem it. Others are net afraid. One of those who is not afraid is quoted below. Bead what be says. He means every word of it. If you doubt it write him a letter, enclosing a stamp. He will tell you what he thinks. Catarrh of Stomach. EV. J. T. PEELER, Hendersonville, S. Oh writes: ?'I def?ir3 to make known for the bene fitof suffering humanity my experience with Peruna. **I was aflicted with catarrh of the stomach, and though I tried many rem? edies and applied to several doctors, it was all in vain. "Had it nc t been for Peruna I believe I would have been in my grave to-day. "I have every reason to bolieve that Peruna is tho greatest remedy for ca? tarrh known to the world. Therefore I have been, aud shall continue to rec? ommend it RO those who are unwell." REV. J. G. DUKES, Pastor of the Unitarian Church at Pinetown, N. C, writes: '?My wife has been in a very bad state of health for several years, and noth? ing seemed to do her any good until she bejjan to use Peruna one month ago. Since then the color has returned to i her face, and she is gaining in fiesh every day, and I believe she is a well woman to-day. "My little boy, ten years old, was pale and had but little life. He began to use Peruna the day his mother began. To? day nis face is rosy, and he is out in the yard running and jumping with the rest of the children." Throat Trouble. Rev. H. W. T?te, 920 Lincoln Ave., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio, writes that for several years he has been troub? led with a peculiar spasmodic affection of the throat, which interfered with hts vocation as a preacher. He took Peru? i ua and his trouble disappeared. tion for the work stock of our terri? tory is one riade up about as follows: Seven pounds grass hay or corn stover, eighi pounds legume hay, 10 pounds corn and 2 pounds cottonseed meal. More than half the diseases of farm work stock are, the result of Inju? dicious feeding, and probably 50 per cent of the other half are due to bad care and management. Indigestion and colic cause a large per cent of the deaths among farm work stock, and they a-e largely the result of careless fee ling and bad manage? ment. If a chaiure of work becomes neces? sary, and it frequently does on every farm, care should be taken to proper? ly adjust the feed to the conditions. It is not uncommon for the horse owner to increase the feed when a day cf extra hard work is demanded of this animal. The opposite course should be taken. If more in sudden? ly required of the muscles, or if a change is made to work to which the horse is not accustomed, the feed should be decidedly decreased and then gradua lly increased as the horsy becomes accustomed to the new work. Never gbe a horse a full feed on a change to work, nor a change of feed when at hard work. When to Feed. No animal is lit for real hard or fast work after eating a large meal, but we frequently practice feeding as large an amount a the morning and at noon as at nlgjht. When we force work from the muscles a larger quan? tity of blood goes to them and conse? quently there is a smaller quantity that can go to the digestive organs. The result is digestion is checked and colic follows. To prevent this all horses doing real hard work should receive all the hay they are to receive in the twenty-four hours at night. And right here it may be Well to state that horses are usually fei very much more bay than is best for them. If the horse can be allowed to eat hay for at least one hour before being fed his main at night, then at least half the grain he is to receive in the twenty-four hours should also be given at night. The other half should be divided Into two equal pans, one being Kiven in the morning and the ?'ther at noon. Sonic Hints About the t are of the Block. The care of our horses is* probably as much open to criticism as are our methods Of feeding and exerts as equally powerful Influence In reduc? ing their sfllciency. it will pay to ?i\e tho work stock what water they want, often. If a horse drinks too much water, it evidence that he has been kept from it too long, a horse Is never loo warm t<> gel all he wants if he has been deprived of it for too long a time. It matters little when the water be given, if It is given often enough. Once a day for an idle horse in winter will come nearer supplying his needs than will five times a day satisfy a hard-working horse In hot weather. Sore shoulders, necks and back are a source of great pain to the horse and greatly reduce his efficiency. These conditions are usually the re? sult of carelessness or bad manage? ment. We buy a cheap inferior col? lar which soon gets uneven on the surface that comes in contact with the shoulder. We then resort to that abomination, the "sweat pad/' This remedy for bad collars was conceived in ignorance and is perpetuated by shiitle8s indifference. A good, broad, firm, smooth leather collar is the best pad for any shoulder. In the spring of the year, when idle and young horses are first put to work, great care should be taken to see that the collar fits right; that the draft is at the proper point, and that the collar is kept clean, smooth, and hard. At noon and at night when the collar is removed wash the shoulders with cold water and rub thoroughly with a coarse cloth, j It is perhaps useless to advise that j the farm-work stock be well groomed I every morning. It is too old and well-established a custom among good horsemen not to be founded on sound ' judgment, but we have lost both the ait and the inclination. To scratch the filth off the horse and to thor j oughly groom him are loo quite dif ! lerent operations. The one does little good, while the benefits of the other are well stated in the old adage: "There is a pint of oats in the comb and a quart in the b ush."?Progres? siv?' Farmer. Mrs. Fred Levi spent Saturday in lit lining. In fte United Slates District Cut DISTRICT Ob SOUTH CAROLINA? IX llAXkllt Pi t V. In the matter of E. A. Pullman, 1 anki upt. To ah Creditors: Kotten is hereby giv? n than on the 19ih day of March Ltft the said E. A. Bultman was duly adjusted bank? rupt; and that the first meeting of his creditors' frill be held at my of? fice in the City of Sumter. S. t\. on the 3rd day of April. 1909 at 11 o'clock, A. M.. at which time the said creditors may alt nd. prove their claims, appoint a Trustee, examine the Bankrupt and transact suet otlMV business as stay properly onaaa be? fore this masting. L C STKATSS, Referee. 3-23-lt.