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REPLIES 10 DAUGHTERS. tUt. KD WIN ALDFJIMAN THINKS RESOLUTIONS OF (i:\srHK t'NJl'HT. Deferxl* Miss Ik>y<?en A wan!.?Denies Tl at the Essayist Argued Tlat Lee Wm a Traitor.?Dr. Hat Ith? Position. Cl arlotteavllla. Va.. Tab. I.?lrcai dent Kdwln A. Aldemar?, of the Uni? versity of Virginia, and Prof. Charles Alfonso Smith, of the University of North Carolina, have replied to the resolutions of censure and criticism passod upon them by Richmond Chap? ter, Daughters of the Confederacy, for voting to award to Miss Christine Boyeen. of Minnesota, a student at Columbia College, New York, a prise for her essay on Lee. The Daughters of the Confederacy held that the essay was full of slanders and did not prop? erly represent the great Southern leader. Dr. Alderman feele that the Daugh? ters acted hastily and were unfair to him and his colleagues In their cen? sure. His letter Is addreesed to Mrs. Normen V. RandolrA. president of Richmond Chapter. He teile her that ebaeoc? In New York on Important business snd a grave matter on his return have prevented a prompter statement In reply to the resolutions of censure adopted by the chapter, and says It would have betn an act of courtesy which he would ha e appre? ciated If he had been consulted before the reeolutlone were adopted and giv? en to the press. He goee on to say: "Tne papers In competition for the prise essay, which competition was established by the Daughters of th Confederacy at Teachers' College. Co? lumbia University, and by Its terms 1? eon fined to the students of that In? stitution, were presented lo me last spring. I was 111 it the time and pre? paring to go abroid. but gave the pa? pers as careful attention as I had strength to give, and after so doing voted t) award the prise to a paper entitled "Kotiert K. Lee?A Preeent Estimate." I understood thst the Judges were to consider llturary mer? it, etructursl ability, general thought fulness ss well ss historical honesty and fairness. Inasmuch as the prise was for an esssy and not a eulogy and had been established at the moet cosmopolitan American university, where It might be competed for by young men and women of all sections and nations. I supposed that one would be expected to allow for wide differencee In historical point of view. Indeed. I had pride In what I believed to be the faith of the Daughters of the Confederacy that sincere atudy of the Touth's part In the war be? tween the States by fair-minded hu? man beings could only result in rid? ding them of prejudices snd miscon? ceptions, no matter what had been their environment or upbringing. "I did not consider It our duty to exclude sny paper which had been submitted to us as eligible by the Daughtere of the Confederacy be? cause it did not square with our own historical point of view', and I imagined my own to be essentially that <>f the Daughters' provided the paper was not msllgnant or vituper? ative or meanly narrow or manifestly unjust in motive. Neither did I think that by our vote as Judges In such s contest we were to be put In the attitude of personally Indorsing every word or oplnlpn of the writer. "Mise Boysen's paper Impressed me as pre-eminently the best of those submitted, snd that, of course. Is ?tili my opinion. I rmtrd here and there sentences which were unwarranted generalisation or which em? bodied whst I thought un? sound opinion, snd If uniformity with my own thought had been the sols test I should have blue-penciled them quickly, but I did not expect scientific accuracy or a perfect historical point of view from a youthful collegian, male or female. I saw no evidence of unworthlnese of mind or purpose, but rather an illustration of how a young person, nourished on a certain brand of textbook, bred In another atmos? phere of feeling and thinking, ex? press*^ her Me If In transition to a lar? ger and Juster p ?int of view, and I thought the ultimate purpose of the prtxe sfter sll was to bring about ouch transitions In such persons In the noblest possible way?that Is to any, through self enlightenment. "If I hsd thought for one moment thst this young woman meant to set up and defend the thesis that Robert B. Lee wss a traitor I would have rhsrscterlsed her psper as too ma? lignant snd narrow minded for our consideration In a prise eaaay In such a competition st such a time as this. As a Southerner, whose kindred shed their blood for their country under his leadership; ss a member of a gen? eration to which he has been the su? preme moral guide and light; as a man from whose eyes the slKht of his pictured fees hss never been ab? sent since the dawn of consciousness; as a student who has studied hie ca? reer In every book he could procure In our language; as a teacher who has used his beautiful balanced life es a modal for exhortation to youne men In the North and In the South. (ssstafatl?Ht^v, 1 almost feel a haunting sense of in- I delicacy to my higher feelings in making a mere protestation of re*. - erence for Robert E. Lee. I fe^l In my spirit as If I felt called upon to protect that I did actually respect and venerate the father Tom whose loins I sprang. | "Nowhere In this prize essay, In my judgment, can any fair Interpretation discover a purpose to claim or a statement to the effect that Robert E. Lee was a traitor In any odious sense, it la an axiom of Interpretation that It Is fundamentally unfair and pro? ductive of wrong conclusions to Judge of any literary production by detach? ed sentences taken from It, and even more unjust and confusing to cut In twain the sentences thus detached Yet this is precisely what has been done In the case of Miss Boysen's pa per. The entire paragraph in which occurs the detached sentence from I which the statement has gone abroad that Dr. Smith and I Indorsed a pa per stigmatising Qeneral Lee as a traitor are as follows: "This was the position that Lee took He loved the Union for which he had fought, but when the Union became I an invading army he must act. He realized that his decision would prob- I ably draw many Southerners Into the conflict, that his Arlington would be come a camping ground of the ene- I my; that his loyalty would be ques- I tloned, but the soil of Virginia called I him, and to that call there could be hut one answer. The slave system with which he thus took sides was vastly different from the general institution I of the South. In Virginia that order still retained some of its patriarchal character; It was dignified and not I material. "If I owned the 4,000,000 slaves of the South," he writes, "I would gladly sacrifice them to the Union, but how can I draw the sword on Virginia, my native State? (Out? look. Vo. lxxxlv. page 95 5.) Personally Lee had everything to I gain by any other decision. He was the most prominent man in the Fed? eral Army; he had already been of fered the command of its forces. (See Trent's "Robert E. Lee," "Chronology I of Lee's Life." also Long's "Memoirs of R. E. Lee." page 91.) But to him duty was the aubllmest word in the I language, and so he threw himself and all he had?his home, his fortune and his chances of personal advance- I bent?into a desperate cause. He was I a traitor in that he sacrificed all to aid the enemlee of his country, "but so were George Washington and John Hampden and William of Orange. (C. 1 F. Adams in a speech, "Shall Crom-1 well Have a Statue?") But thing? which are technically of the highest criminality may at times be of the least disgrace. To do now what he did then would be treason, for the I Civil War has since then taught what I is right In this regard. But the mat- I ter of secession has purposely been left open by the framers of the Con- I situation, and In the minds of many sincere people, both North and South, I It was still a question. (Page 16 I Hosmer's "The Appeal to Arms," I American National Series.) The real issue was not between patriotism and the want of it. but between two forms I of It, and the point to be borne in mind is that those who believed In one con- I ception were as loyal as those who I clung to another. To the Southerner loyalty meant loyalty to the State and I duty meant going with the State In victory or defeat. Judged from this standpoint, the willingness to sacri? fice anything but honor, Lee and the South he represented "constitute the real patriotic riches of the nation." Outlook. Vol. lxxlv, page 648.) The tragedy of the situation lay in the fact that there were patriots on both sides and the beauty now lies in the spirit in which both sides have accepted the outcome of the war as the best. Be? fore long we shall come to think of Lee as the English have come to think of Washington, whom lately they regarded as a rebel, for, Indeed, he differed from the greater Wash? ington only in choosing the wrong side. "Even these paragraphs, quoted alone, are unfair, for at the very out? set of her paper she refutes the old. wiptmous contention of a bitter par? tisanship that Lee was a traitor, and declares that the present estimate which she is seeking to present In? sists that any other attitude (than the one Lee assumed) would have been treason to his own convictions and to the social order of which he was the finest representative. Indeed, the young woman was following literally Charles Francis Adams in his famous speech pleading for a national monu? ment to Lee ut Washington, and plac? ing him among the supreme heroes of America. She. like Adams, Is trying to reduce to an absurdity, and conten? tion of a mere technicalist or Uteral Ist, that Lee was a traitor, by saying that he was no more of a traitor than Oeorge Washington, or John Hamp? den, or William of Orange. The de- . ductlon Is plain. If Lee and Wash- ' Ington and Hampden and William of Orange were traitors, then treason sheds Its ancient odium and shines forth as a thing glorious, and we may . all well strive to gro- ' . the stature of traitors. This, at least was my understanding of her purpose. As a matter of personal belief, I do not agree with Mr. Adams that Lee or any Southern man was by the bold? est technicality of definition a traitor His .state, wisely or unwisely, had a historic right to retire from the Un? ion, and he retired with it, and being a citizen of it, must defend it, but all that is beside the point and did not touch my duty as a judge of these papers. "Miss Boysen's use of the phrases "wrong side" at the end of the first paragraph quoted, and 'the Civil War has since taught what right In this re? gard, In the same paragraph, were In felictlous and Jarring, but I camo to the conclusion that the context show? ed that she meant 'unsuccessful' In the one case and In the other 'forever settled.' "And so I might go on quoting a hundred detached sentences of noble praise of Lee and the South, with here and there a detached sentence of criticism, not so much of General Lee for I find no essential criticism of him, but rather of conditions under which he worked. For instance: 'His ?kill as a strategist and tactician, to? gether with all his splendid audacity, is unsurpassed in all history." 'The outcome of the war cannot detract from the glory of his army or of him? self.' 'His real worth lies in the spir? it of the man himself, the loftiness and dignity of his character, the rich? ness and fulness of his soul.' 'But lo? cal prejudice and sectional hatred have long blinded the North to the real beauty of Lee's character.' 'It has been for the children of a later day to come to an understanding and appreciation of the feelings of the South. *W? see In him something vastly more significant for our time? a splendid public spirit.' 'He accept? ed none of the gifts, none of the of? fers of a home which friends both in England and the South poured in up? on him.' 'He stands as the champion of reason rather than passsion. of fairness rather than prejudice, of pro? gress rather than reaction, of con? secutive work rather than futile ob? struction.' 'This we of the North have come to believe, and in such a recog? nition of human greatness the land is moved forward into the light of a happier day.' 'Men who, like Charles Sumner, place Lee In the catalogue of those whose cause hears the "pri? mal eldest curse, a brother's murder," and handed him over to the "aveng? ing pen of history," have been suc? ceeded by men in his own State (Mas sachusettes) who have voted a monu? ment to his memory. " 'Everywhere over the North the literature of the Civil War Is filled with a different spirit from that of 40 years ago.' 'Everywhere Lee Is fast coming to take his place as a hero for all time side by side with Lincoln.' To the system he there (at Washington and Lee) Inaugurated educators still go for inspiration and guidance.' 'He believed that education was the greatest need of the South, and in this later events have proved him something of a seer.' 'It (a monu? ment In Washington) will stand as the testimony of?a great and free peo? ple to one of the supreme leaders among men. It will rise grandly elo? quent of a spirit not intoxicated by glory, not crushed by defeat, unspoil? ed by praise and success?the spirit of Robert E. Lee.' "Some >f the critical opinions were Inexact and irritating, but never, to my thinking, abusive or malicious. For instance, the assertion that most of the people of the South were densely ignorant was a foolish echo of an erroneous view current at one time in her section and In many Northern minds, based upon unan alyzed statistics of illiteracy, and the added statement that the South was intellectually dead, derived from the same misunderstanding, was as of? fensive to me as to my critics. But 1 did not think such mlsstatcments disqualified the paper. This young Minnesota woman began her study, no doubt, with many misconceptions. She ended it by beholding the essen? tial justice of the cause for which our fathers fought by declaring that we were just as loyal to right as her fathers, and by pleading for a monu? ment to Lee as a gift of the Ameri? can people of all sections to splendid loyalty, to surpassing worth and un? sullied patriotism and honor. This Is growth in historic grace, Indeed. "What this situation needs is more light, and calmness, and justice, Just a touch of the splendid tolerance of Lee himself. Let Miss Boyson's pa? per be printed. Let it be read. Let our position as judges a?nd the stand? ards that guided our decision be un? derstood, and then let the verdict as to whether we deserve censure throughout the country as lacking in reverance and love of Robert E. Lee he made up. I would abide such a verdict with serene confidence. "If, since the world of thought, opened up to me, any Idea failing In loyalty and love for Robert E. Lee ever entered my brain, It entered It In some moment of delirium when In? telligence had fled Its seat. This re? gion of ours has known much of bit? terness and vicissitude since 1861. Since 1882 I have given whatever of strength I had to Its service and counted It a glory so to do. Dr. Smith and I are Southerners of ma? ture years, who perceive the majesty of this republic as a whole, but who love the land of our birth with ten? derness and devotion and need no ex? hortation as to our duty to its past or its present. "Amid the struggles of our read? justment the proudest and most comforting thought that has buoyed me up has always been the knowl? edge that the God of nations had us enough in His care to choose for our leader this ample, large minded hero whose strength was as the strength of 10, because his heart was pure. To be spoken of as one who countenan? ced assault upon him I confeas wounds me deeply. And yet the deep? est lesson of Lee's life teaches me to comprehend some things that I might not out of my own nature so fully comprehend. It is my belief that the women of the South who constitute the Daughters of the Confederacy will not persist in doing any form of in? justice. Their passion is to conserve, protect and disseminate what is dear to them and to all of us in a sincere and heroic past. This is a high, fine service, and right well have they per? formed it for a generation. I thought to help them when I undertook this duty. I can understand that it is try? ing to them to hear any idea or per? son wrapped in their affection dis? cussed critically, but perhaps after all, the only way In the world by which we can arrive at the whole truth about things is to let people speak out what they believe to be the truth, provided It be done within the limits of honest motive and sincere purpose and with a manner touched by cour? tesy and dignity. As for me, I am so sure of the fame of Robert E. Lee and of the real meaning of the war be? tween the States and of the historic righteousness of the South's part in that war that I care very little what ephemeral thinkers may think or men of the hour may speak, if their speech be the speech of decency and just restraint." KXOX PROBLEM IS SOLVED. Salary of Secretary of State to be Re? duced. Washington. Feb. 10.?Following close upon the discovery that Senator Philander C. Knox, of Pennsylvania, could not without violating a pro? vision of the constitution of the Uni? ted States accept the State portfolio In the Taft cabinet, the senate today took prompt action to remove the constitutional objection. Senator Hale introduced a resolu? tion which was referred to commit? tee on the judiciary providing that the salary of secretary of state be reduced from $12,000 to $8,000, the figure at which It stood before it was increased, along with those of all other cabinet officers two years ago. In view of this resolution, Assist? ant Attorney General Russell, to .vhom the question was referred In? formally for an opinion, held that if congress restores the salary to what it was before Mr. Knox entered the senate "the case falls outside the pur? pose of the law and is not within the law." Senator Hale in discussing the situ? ation said: "It would be very serious if there were no remedy, but there is a rem? edy In a repeal of the law Increasing the salary of the secretary of state, and it will be immediately applied. The portion of the law applying to the office of the secretary of state can be cancelled by legislation, and as the law was never intended to apply In such a case as that of Mr. Knox, there is no doubt that a bill with this end in view will be Immediately intro? duced and just as little doubt that It will be passed." Senator Hale said there Is no thought on the part of senators of in? creasing the compensation of the sec? retary of state after March 4, 1911, when Mr. Knox's term in the ser.ato would have expired, and he served until Its close. He said It Is the pur? pose of Mr. Knox to serve throughout the four years of the Taft administra? tion at a salary of $8,000 per annum. Hcxametliyleiietetramlne. ?The above Is the name of a Ger? man chemical, which is one of the many valuable Ingredients of Foley's Kidney Remedy. Hexamethylenete tramlne is recognized by medical text books and authorities as a uric acid solvent and antiseptic for the urine. Take Foley's Kidney Remedy as soon as you notice any irregularities, and avoid a serious malady. W. W. Si bert. Through the will of the late Mrs. Astor, the destitute blind will acquire $f)0,000 toward building an asylum. Soldier llalks Death Plot. ?It seemed to J. A. Stone, a civil war veteran, of Kemp, Tex., that a plot existed between a desperate lung trouble and the grave to cause his death. "I contracted a stubborn cold," he writes, "that developed a cough that stuck to me, In spite of all remedies, for years. My weight ran down to 130 pounds. Then I be? gan to use Dr. King's New Discovery, which restored my health completely. I now weigh 178 pounds." For severe Colds, obstinate Coughs, Hemor? rhages, Asthma, and to prevent Pneu? monia It's unrivaled. 60c and $1 00. Trial bottle free. Guaranteed by Sl hnrt's. Drug tSofe, I A TRAGEDY OP THE DESERT. One of the Weird YariLS From the West The most extraordinary tragedy ever enactec on the desert took place at Jake Fletcher's cabin on the banks of the Ama-gosa, near Death Valley, on Christmas Day. The news has Just reached civilization, according to a San Bern? rdino, Cal., letter. Fletcher had been doing well on his claim until recently, when the vein ran out. This left him without mon? ey to buy whiskey. Thomas Robblns. a bosom friend, who was spending the day at Fletcher's, proposed that they try a dynamite jag. He said he had read of ^ix can miners getting drunk by eating dynamite when liquor had failed. Fletcher was incredulous, but ex? pressed his willingness to make the experiment. Between them they con? sumed three sticks of dynamite dur? ing the af lernoon and evening of Christmas Day and became loud and boisterous lit their demeanor. Fletch? er was good natured and wanted to sing, but Robbins was surly and quar relsom, and the more dynamite he consumed the more troublesome he became. This finally aroused Fletcher's wrath to such a pitch that he chal? lenged Robblns to a fistic duel. Rob bins was staggering slightly and Fletcher finally shot a left hook Into the man's ribs. Instantly there was a terrific explosion. The body of Robblns shot through the celling as though it had turned into d -namite bomb. The concussion induced by Fletcher's blow had caused Robblns to explode. The tragedy instantly sobered Fletcher, and he instantly called at a neighbor's cabin where he told the story and borrowed a iantern, saying he intended to go that night to the nearest peace officer and give himself up for the crime of manslaughter. He was deeply depressed, and this feel? ing of melancholy must have caused him to alter is programme, for he betook himself to the top of a peak about a mile away and threw himself from that point Into the ravine below. Searchers found the shattered re? mains of Fletcher scattered about in the boughs of the willows that grew near the head of the ravine. He had landed in a soft spot, but the con cuslon had been great enought to set off the second charge of dynamite. The miners burled what they could find of the two bodies, In one grave. Since the death of Fletcher a miner who went to work on his claim, re? discovered the lost ledge and is taking out ore that will run $97.98 In gold. INVENTION OF CHESTER MAN. The Neely Cotton Compress is to be Put on the Market. Chester, Feb. 3.?Although like many other inventors, Mr. Samuel M. Wely did not live to see the fruit of his brain accepted by the world and in general use, It would seem fiom an announcement sent out from Rich? mond a few days ago that the inven? tion among the several that he con? trived on which he spent the most ar? duous and painstaking labor, S?d which consumed the closing energies of his life, the cotton compress, will -ion be In world-wide use, and will revolutionize the cotton business of the entire world. The Neely Com? press Company, of Richmond, Va., capitalized at $1,000.000, is the con? cern that will put the compress on the market and undertake to briiv,' it Into general use. ? Those in any degree familiar vith the cotton business, the expense and trouble of handling the fleecy staple, know that a great dial of this ex? pense and labor would bs obviated, ii' a successful conipress could be had. There have been, and are compresses, that are partially successful, but they are few and far between, and the cost of handling cotton is 610.? she. The new invention, though, is believed to be a success, and the men who make up the company are very sanguine as to what they will be able to achieve. The Richmond people think they will be able to manufac? ture the Neely compresses and put them on the market at a cost not ex? ceeding $1,500, so that every flrst i lass ginnery can be provided Wtttl a compress of this kind. The work that can be done by the machine is said to be simply marvelous, and for? tunes will be saved In the way of treight charges. It is said that one ordinary freight car can accommo? date 100 bales of cotton that have gone through the Neely compress, whereas ordinarily a car will handle only LIT* bales. This sppltSS also to ocean steamship rates and will also bring about a reduction in insurance charges. Mr. Bam'l M. Neely. who died a few years ago In this city, spent the grsnl er part of l.fe In contriving and de? vising Rincl Ines of various kinds, most of which were successes. The cotton compress, however, sngsged the greater part of his closing years, and it will be a fit monument to his memory if this machine should prove a great success and should come to be generally used throughout the world. A Necklace of Love. (Frank L. Stanton.) No rubies of red for my lady, Xo jewel that glitters and charms But the light of the skies in the little* one's eyes And a necklace of two little arms Of two little arms that are clinging? Oh! ne'er was a necklace like this! And the wealth of the world and love's sweetness Jmpearled In the joy of a little one's kiss. A necklace of love for my lady, That was linked by the angels above; No other but this?and the tender sweet kiss That sealeth a little one's love. NATIONAL GIXNERS* REPORT. Cotton Ginned to February 6 Placed At 12,814,000 Bales, Against 10. 503,000 for Last Year. Memphis, Tenn., Feb. 10.?The) amount of cotton ginned to February 6 is placed at 12,814,000 bales by the National Glnners' Association, in a report Issued today, as compared with 10,593,000 bales ginned to February 8 of last year. The report declares that ginning la completed In all except six counties in. Mississippi, five In Arkansas and six in Texas. ?Hoarse coughs and stuffy colds that may develop Into pneumonia over night are quickly cured by Foley*a Honey and Tar, and it soothes in? flamed membranes, heals the lungs* and expels the cold from the system. W. W. Slbert._ Edison Amberol Records Are the new Records that play twice as long as the regular Edi? son Records. Thus Amberol Records can be used on your present Edison Phonograph by the addition of a simple attachment or gear, and you can still play the Records you have. Amberol Records not only play longer than any other Record now made, but they play better, their tone quality being richer, clearer and more delicate than has been possible in the past. Let us put an attachment on your Phonograph or sell you an Edison Phonograph that will play both Records. W. A. Thompson JEWELER. 6 S. Main St. Sumter, S. C. TAX RETURNS FOR 1909. OFFICE OF COUNTY AUDITOR, SUMTER COUN? TY. Sumter. S. C, Dec. 5, 1908. Notice is hereby given that I will attend, in person or by deputy, at the following places on lb I days indicated, respectively, for the purpose of re? ceiving returns of personal property and poll taxes for the fiscal year com? mencing January 1st, 1909: Tindalls, Tuesday, Jan. 5th. Privateer, (Jenkins' Store) Wednes? day. Jan. 6th. Manchester, (Levi's), Thursday, Jan. Tth. Wedgefleld, Friday, Jan. 4th. Stateburg. Monday, Jan. 11th. Hagood, Tuesday. Jan. 12th. Rembert, Wednesday, Jan. 13thv Dalzell. Thursday, Jan. 14th. Gordon*! Mill. Friday, Jan. 15th. M lyesrtlle, Tuesday. Jan. 19th. Sbiloh, Wednesday, Jan. 20th. Norwood's X Roads, Thursday. Jan, 21st. Oswego. Friday. Jan. 22d. The law requires that all persona? owning property or in any wise having; charge of such property, either aa agent. husband, guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, etc., return the same under oath to the Auditor who requests all persons to be prompt in making their returns and save the ,fi0 p?-r cent, penalty which will be add? ed to the property valuation of att persona who fail to make returns with? in the time prescribed by law. Taxpayers return what they own on the first day of January. 1909. Assessors and taxpayers will enter the first given name of the taxpayer la full, also make a separate return ia each township where the property la located and also each and every casa the number of the district school must be given. Every male citizen between the ago of twenty-one ami sixty years cu the first day of January, 1909, except those i incapable of earning support from be? ing maimed or from other causes, are deemed taxable polls, and except Coo federate soldiers 50 years of age. oa January 1st, 1909. All returns must be made on or be? fore the 20th day of February n^xt. I cannot take returns after that data and all returns made after the 20th day of February', are subject to a pen* alty of 50 per cenL J. DIGG8 WILDER, 11-t Auditor Sumter Co,