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HOC SIMTKIl WATCHMAN, Estublli Consolidated An?. 2.1881. C|k o?littbman a:ii> &Dutbron. Published Every Wednesday, ?BY? ylSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY, SUMTE*. X a ll.lt per annum?in advance. Om Sonar* Ant Insertion.JliO ?vary aubseeosnt Insertion.50 ContracU for three months, or limn will bo made at reduced rate*. All communication* wbJoh aub aarro private lateresM will bo charged fur mm advertisements. OMtuajioa and tributes of raapaota will bo charged for. SMALL MANUFACTORIES. upon the** I I Tl IIK PltOliPEUI- ; nr or hvmtkh is lall fin n I An Argument In Favor of En.<ourag ln? ami fUtendmg a Helping lluiul to the small Establishment* That Wo 1Um? and Encouraging v.ther* to Lonne In the City?A Word ,About IJccnee Taxes. Bdltor Dally Ihm: Upon reading In the Item tonight about the license ordinance the fol? lowing thought came to me. how out of line the action of council seems to be with the desires of* the people as ax pressed by the Chamber of Com? merce In Rs meetings and efforts to do something to build the prosperity of the city upon a more substantial basis than exists at present, so that the town would continue to grow and grow tJfttil 8umter wpuld become what all hsr loyal cltlxens would like to S4H>?the leading city in the State. 8uinter haa always and Is now, with the exception of the few manufactur? ing industries, entirely dependent for other markets will grow In ability and atse. and unless the population of the farming section Increases far more rapidly In the future than It has In the past, the proportion of tie peo rMJfeaafMy to that of the country rer than tt Is now. and that means that there will be mor? people to live upon the profits In supplying the farmers' wants. Sumte* has made a good showing in the 1 wrease of population, and this Increase haa bean properly cred? ited to ier fine public schools, but this increase has been made la large part of it at th.- expms.. of th? country, in that it take* from the farms the Intelligence and muscle that Is ncoded upon them; which means that even If they mm own their farn s their enterprise and thrift are lost as producers and tie y become consumers?-not consumers for the merchant to supply, but those with whom he will have to divide the business of the farmer, as they either start I t busine** or else get jobs from the merchant. Its Mfe upon the profit^ \*ld?d from supplying th*e wants of the farmers of the surioundtng country, as the main beneft from the marketing of the farmern' products here. I? deriv? ed from hU pui chasing the i;cods to supply his 'rants here. Now, the ter? ritory whle'i Hurnter Is supplying has not been Increased In any way. but. In fact, ha- been dlmlnl-med by the opening up of new markets to divide the trade vlth her. The cutting off of part of the county has taken a considerable trade away from her and the growing towns and villa* s along the rallroala are taking still more and that this loss has not been feH very heavily. I think. Is due to the Increased prosperity of the farmers, whoso wants and desire* for better things have kept pace with their suc? cess, snd also to the enterprise and wetchfulne* of our merchants in making thtlr atorea not only the equal but the superior of ihose In neighboring towns In variety, quality and price, ao that they have been able to get some of the trade from adjoining counties. Hut th?-se mer? chants and the Chamber of Com? merce have the foresight to see that this will not always be so, as the The wealth of our county Is not whst It consumes, but In 'vhat It produces. Consumption Is a lo** an 1 production a profit, so that every MM that ceases to be a producer and be? comes a consumer. Instead of being a profit la a loss to the country. Th' hu-dnese tuen lot i in and -u' "f the Chamber of Commerce, recognizing th?se facts and no. wishing t-- ??? *.?r lnftVd ?Ith the present and let the fu? ture take care of itself, have turmd their attention M th. mmwii boot thing and have discussed how ? . >i1n P. ry one recognises that this Is msnuf?cturlng and alao th. benefits derived from It by .-very Indi? vidual In th.- county, tie faj'Mlfl in the the rountry s well as the man In the citv. Th?' only difference of nplu lon has been hoar to get lt. S in 4i0d April, 1850, 'Be Just ai SUM think WO should have one hundred thousand dollar plants with the whole country for a market, and oth? ers would bo satisfied with a start with $1,000, 15.000 or $10,000 plants, so long as we got a start, feel? ing that there Is Just so many more chances of our getting .hem and that If properly managed they would grow Into $100,000 plants long before we are ever likely to get one started at $100,000. Some think that the only plant of any benefit to the city Is one that sells Its products away from home, while others think that any plant that produces what we need and which we now send of for Is equally aw good, If not better for us. I, myself, am of the last opinion for s? veral reasons. To begin with we are not familiar with manufacturing and the handling of large enterprises and the failure or non-success of ono. should we be fortunate in getting it started, would be hurtful and prevent the starting of any others, as we all know from ex? perience by referring to onr lone or? phan, the cotton mill. If you ask the first man you meet on the street why Sumter, which Is the largest inland cotton market in the State, has not one large cotton mill at least, if not more, he will say that the ^ present mill has killed all desire for that kind of enterprise on the part of the citl xens of Sumter owing to the losses they sustained, not only once, hut the second time after It failed and It was reorganized; and he will tell you fur? ther, that It not only killed all inter? est in cotton factories, but also in all rther kind of factories, anu it was only when* af;er long years cf patl* in effort on the part of Mr. C. T. Mason, who alone proved that telephones could be successfully built in Sumter. that tho monled men of Sumter scrambled over each other to get its stock, and they only did it then when differences with his partner whom he had taken In and who wished to re? move the plant a/vay from Sumter, revealed to them the soundness of the Investment. Do you auppose for an Instant that had Mr. Mason at the time he took in a partner and made a stock eompany of the old telephone plant, offered stock to the citizens of Sumter he would hive had his offer accepted? I think not. Why? Be? cause of their experiences with the cotton mill. Now the manager of the cotton mill was Just as desirous of making a success as Mr. Mason was. aCt J put in, as I understand, a large amount of money and the failure was not due to any act on his part, except that he was not familiar with the business, nor was any ono of the di? rectors and before any of them got the necessary experience to handle and direct It with the proper intelli? gence It had failed and was reorgan? ized and practically failed again. Now. the facts of the c.K'on mill falling I am not staling from my own knowledge, ax I was not here at the time, but I have heard It so often from so many that I have no doubt of Its truth, but the facts about its kill? ing the desire to ln\ est In otjaer man? ufacturing I know, because I have been here and have heard parties when approached to start something In the way of a factory reply. No, that they had enough with their ex? perience In the cotton mill. Now, on the other hand, Mr. Mason ploddi d along in a quiet way by himself untl he mastered each and every detal. both In construction and cost and an error of Judgment occurred It was discovered bofore the loss was great, as he was not making any one thing In quantities, before it was tried, nor had he a large pay roll, for the mis making of any piece or part to add to the cost of the material wasted by such error and the result was that when the citizens of Sumter put in their money he gave them that which their money could not purchase?a thorough experience and knowledge of what he was to manufacture, and klsjQ that which was equally as Im? portant, a ready made reputation for their product and a market for the same. Now the experience of the tel? ephone factory Is a good argument for the starting of any enterprise on a small scale and let it grow with its success r.nd also It Is a good argument for the starting of factories with the whoh- country for a market, unless we consider the Mason telephones were among the first, If not the first, to be put upon the market after the patent rights of the Bell people had expired and In OOS* petition with others that wore offered by ether manufacturers, ?olely for the profit that was In them, ha won out by the excellency of nil product, as a telephone that will not talk: cannot be sold .'it an> price. Now name, if you can. any one thins that Bumtef ?an manufacture and oltei ?? the 'ountry ;t large ander similar II*tens, i cannot. Anything tint i oai think of th ?t wconid make I ? !??? sobi throughout the country we would have to compete against other nil Fear not-~Let oll the ends Thou Ali LT ER. S. C . WEDNE manufacturers who have had long years of expartc' 1 along with per? fect organization, both in making and selling their producta, as wall as an established reputation; and you know from experience how hard It Is to in? troduce anything made by a new con? cern against that of an established concern. It means not only that you have t-e sell at a lower price, but also that your product must be equally as griod or better, and equally as Im? portant to be considered, is the lower freight rate they will have against you, so that aside from having to learn to handle these big enterprises oursefve*, we will also have the task of educating the railroads up to the point where they will appreciate the increase 1 traffic manufactures origi? nate and give us rates so that wo can ^meet competition half way on an equal footing instead of con.petition being able as at present to meet us almost at our nearest market upon equal or better rates than we can ob? tain. I have heard It said that we could hire the necessary men of ability from abroad to manage these enter? prises for us. I'll admit that we can hire the men to manago them all right, but can we hire, or I should say employ them and be sure that we are getting what we want. Men who will successfully manage them? I think not for how often have you heard parties remark, "That man came with the very best recommenda? tions, but I find that while he is a good, steady man, he is not able to fill the bill, and I wish I knew where I could get one." If that is true In filling a mere clerical position, what must be said of the difficulties In filling the position of manager of a largo enterprise, who will have the entire responsibility df making It a success, as the directors, owing to their lack of experience in the mat? ter, would be unable to advise him how to make a cut here and a change there to get the lowest cost of pro? duction, while they would be the very best kind to discover if the enterprise was losing money, but utterly incom? petent to suggest a remedy. N'ow If we start small enterprises of one thousand dollars, five thousand dollors or ten thounsand dollors cap? ital, as little as Is necessary, to sup? ply what we consume at home and for which we have'to send elsewhere, we would have many advantages. First, we would save the freight, and. second, If the enterprise was not a success financially the loss would not be so great and most likely if some were not able to pay dividends direct on the stock, they would pay indirect dividends by keeping the money we now send off. circulating at home and giving employment to those who would need groceries, clothing, houses, etc. While on the other hand, If they are successful more cap? ital could be added as experience is gained and It can then reach out to supply the wants of nearby towns and keep on expanding until it meets a Competition that it cannot overcome; and If these small enterprises are given the same care and attention by our DUatnoai men that they would de? vote to a large enterprise the growth would be strong, healthy and rapid, while If neglected and left to strug? gle along without their advice and assistance they would most likely dry up and die. One fault Bumter has, In common with the rest of the mid? dle and lower part of the State, la a des're to do something about which they know nothing on a big scale and anything that Is started on a small scale Is too insignificant to merit their attention and help. I would rather see $r>0,000 Invested In various small healthy enterprises than to have dou? ble the amount Invested in one large concrn even If It be successful, as the Indirect returns would be greater froim the smaller ones than from the larger ones, as aside from being less seriously affected by dull times we would get a better class of citizens to whom more money would be paid, which would mean more money spent for the necessities and luxuries as well as a demand for more and bet or homes. If we look at the few factories we have we will find I might say that every one has been started by Indi? viduals and with one exception these Individuals had little or no means, but by patient effort and continuous struggling they have gradually grown stronger and I hope will continue to grow until they not only acquire the good Will of those abroad but also the good will of those at home. This Is true not only of our home factories, hut the same can be said of nearly every enterprise in tin- whole country, except those of latter da? Organisation nnd even these 1m\ sprung from them, as In nearly every case they were originated by men who got ihelr training In the factory that grew from the Individual enterprise of ont man. If you doub! this ital - no-nt. lend i >r a catalogue of any is't at he thy Country's, Thy God'a im SDAY. OCTOBER 9 huge manufacturing concern you wish and nine time* out of ten, you will find on its first page the picture of the original starter of that concern followed up with a history of IU growth Illustrated by pictures show? ing what they are pleased to call their first home, followed by pictures of the new homes that were built and which the success of the modest ef? fort of some individual had attained. At tfie Jamestown exposition, I was particularly struck with the exhibit of the Studebaker wagon and carriage factory. There was the picture of the place of the original start of Mr. Studebaker and that reminded me of the old blacksmith shop of Stephen Bradford just beyond Shot Pouch on the road to Providence, except- that the odds were greatly in favor of th< latter. This was followed up by the various homes that its growth re? quired down to the mammoth estab? lishment of today, and it is a safe bet to make that Mr. Studebaker's early efforts were as little appreciated by his neighbors then as perhaps are those of some Mr. Studebaker who mny be struggling along in our midst utterly unknown to us, and who I hope will be as successful in his ef? forts in overcoming the difficulties that beset his progress as the Western man was. I have wandered a long way apparently from the subject of licenses and my only excuse for it Is that perhaps the thoughts expressed above may have the effect of creating a better feeling not only in the City Council, but among the substantial business men to aprpeciatc individual efforts even if on a small scale and if they cannot help, that they will at least not hurt it. This the business men can do by at least speaking of these efforts kindly as whether the ef? forts are successful or not they get the benefit of the wages paid out while It lasts and sometimes a very small thing will either make or kill an honest effort. Council can do the same by refrain? ing from placing additional burdens in the way of exorbitant licenses upon these efforts and adding to the num 'erons burdens under which they are now struggling. In looking over the changes in the licenses, I note that council has plac? ed a tax of $25 on door, sash and bling factories. This seems to be tak? ing the hack track upon the course heretofore taken by council and the desire of our people to encourage manufacturies. We have two such factories in our midst. When they were started they felt so Insignificant that they wore ashamed to ask council for the usual five year exemption from taxes and licensee. A little later when one of them felt that it was growing and had somewhat overcome its modesty, it asked councii to grant it exemption from taxes, council took the position that as it had not asked for exemp? tion before starting they could not grant It. It may be claimed that these factories are not much good to the town, as they sell their products In the town. This to me is a wron^ view to take because it is not true thru they sell all their products in the town, but ship a great deal more than would be supposed to adjoining towns in competition with Augusta. Colum? bia, Charleston, Cheraw and Harts ville In which place* are located plants far stronger financially than our local ones are and if it were not for this out of town trade the local trade woultl not keep them going. But suppose it to he true that they only sell their products in town, is it not a fact that wages paid to make the goods are paid in Sumter and spent in Sumter, and does not this benefit Sumter in saving that much at lenst to the town out of the thou? sands of dollars that before they were established was sent out to other places and that Is not all that is sav? ed to the people of Sumter. They are also saved the freight that they for? merly paid on the goods bought and this goes to the consumer and not to the factories as the competition be? tween them is sharp and the local consumer gets his good- delivered at his building at the same price he would pay for it f. o. b. at any place where there Is a factory and some? times cheaper. If these benefits are of any Advantage to the town, why hurt the enterprises that are the cause of them because as tiny grow stronger they will confer more bene? fits on the town, far more than they get themselves. I also noticed that they have plac? ed r license on the newspapers, and H seems to me that if there lv any? thing in n town that should by unani? mous consent I.xempl from :ii! lax en tint can legally be taken off them, that thi"Lr is the newspapers, whose only excuse for being permitted to eXIai .'t all s< m* i" he tint we wish to use them without posl to u,; to boom ..in- lown, our business, nur i >cln| :>f falre, etc.. in fact anything that is for d Truth's." THE TKU 1907. Sew S< the benefit of any one else except the owner's and it is also very useful to us In venting our anger upon it for ev? erything that goes wrong, both pub lie and private, because it did not pre? vent it. If the newspapers were only to receive half pay at advertising rates for all the work they have done for others in which the papers have no interest whatever except the general welfare, they could very readily pay double the license asked of them a.nd ?? vL a nice income besides, but it i^ only human to think little of what is given us without any effort or c? st to j us, just as the reverse is ture, that the more we pay for a thing, the more we prize it without any consid? eration for it real worth or intrinsic value, and as newspapers and small individual enterprises come to our town without any effort or cost to the people, I suppose they have to take whatever Is given them like all un? invited guests and be thankful that they are not kicked out. Citizen. Sumter, S. C, Oct. 4, 1907. STANDARD OIL INQUIRY. Inquisitor Kellogg Hrings Out More Startling Testimony to Show Guilt Of the Groat Oil Octopus. New York, Oct. 9.?In the Stand? ard Oil case today, Clarence G. Fay, assistant' controller of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, was questioned regarding the profits o/ the organization. It was shown that over half a billion dollars in dividends have been paid by the Standard dur? ing various phases in its existence. Chief Inquisitor Kellogg brought out the fact that the total assets of the Galena Signal Oil Company, a lu? bricating branch of the Standard, are over eleven millions. Its "good will" is listed at over seven and a half mil lins, which enabled the Standard to get the African field from the New York Lubricating Company, and, also many railroad contracts at advanced figures. ASHEVILLE GOES DRY. Prohibitionists Carry Liquor Election . There. Ashevllle, N. C, Oct. 8.?After a brief but strenuous campaign the Prohibitionists carried the liquor elec? tion in this city today by a majority of 849. A material factor in the result was the presence at the polls of women and children, who sang and prayed and served lunches. Asheville will be dry after January 1 n xt?News and Courier. RUSSIAN CONVICTS REVOLT. St. Pet< rsburg, Oct. 7.?A gang of convicts en route to Bolosk revolted today and In the fight following, the guards killed twenty-tWO prisoners. Eleven convicts escaped and six guards were injured. ROOSEVELT'S OUTING. Rain Kept Teddy indoors Yesterday Hut He Was Ready Early Today for His Hunt. Stamboul. La., Oct. 9.?President Roosevelt was ready to take the train early today. Rain kept him from hunting yesterday until it had ceased The president is enjoying his outing Immensely. Venison and trout form the principal features of his menu and the keen air has given him an ex? cellent appetite. Several reports of bears in the vicinity have been re? ceived. LEARN TO EAT. Few People In Sumtcr Kcnlly Know How. t ?Slow eating will solve one-half the problem of ill health. Those who suf? fer already with indigestion and weak stomach can with care and the use of Mionu stomach tablets restore their digestion to a healtny condition, so that they can eat what they want at any time without fear of distress or suffering. After a few days' use of Mi-o-na stomach tablets, the headache, dizzy feeling, drowsiness, bad taste in the mouth, coated tongue, nervousness, sleeplessness, distress after eating? all these symptoms of a weak stom? ach?will disappear, and perfect di? gestion and a good skin will show that the vital machlnelry is once more running smoothly. Take B little Mi-o-na tablet be? fore each meal so that it will stimu? late the digestive Juices and give strength to the stomach, and then it Will take care of the f.1 that is eat? en, without Indigestion and the un? pleasant full feeling with which so many suffer after moals. J. r. w i>? Lnrme has so n uch confidence In the power of Ml-o-na to cure indigestion and all stomach Ills thai he give- a guarantee with every B0-cent box to refund the money if the remedy falls to give satisfaction. 10-9A I 1? W inn i: SOKTHItON, Established Juno, ISM jries? Vol. XXVII. Noll FATAL WRECK SUNDAY. COAST FTNTs LIMITED RT'XS IN? TO AX OPEN SWITCH. -M Engineer BOM?;y. of Florence, Killed! ?Fireman Seriously Injured?Ac? cident Occurred at S?>utli Rocky Mount, X. C Early Sunday Morn? ing. Florence, Oc. 4.?Train No. 82, the northbound West Indian Limited mail over *the Atlantic Coast Line? which left here at 9.20 o'clock last night for Richmond, was badly wrecked as it was passing into the yards at South Rocky Mount, X. C, at 2.15 this morning. Engineer George J. Boney, of this place, was killed, and his flremaja, General Bur? nett, colored, also of Florence, was seriously injured. As the train was passing through the freight yards at South Rocky Mount, pulling up to the union sta? tion, the monster locomotive of the fast mail entered an* open switch and went head-on into a switch engine that was standing on the siding just at what is known as the "clear post." The locon/otive e?f the .paisenger train, when t struck the switches, be? came derailed and turned broadside on the ground, catching Engineer Boney and "als fireman and crushing? Boney's life out and seriously injur? ing Burnett, the fireman. It Is staned by the officials at Florence that beyond these two no one was seriously injured. The mail clerks, baggage master and a number of passengers aboard the train were badly shake: up. Capt. Herbert McGhee, of Peters? burg, was la charge of the wrecked train. Th blame for the accident, It is thought, will be placed on the switcher, who should have seen, that the switch was closed after en? tering the switch and before No. 82 was due at South Rocky Mount. Engineer Boney is a brother of Mr. E. Boney, the freight agent of the Coast Line at Florence. He is about 40 years old, and was one of the safest and best engineers on the system. He was on the run in tner place of Engineer J. J. Jennings, who has been off from duty on account of sickness. The body of Engineer Bo? ney will be carried to Wallace, N. C* his old home, for burial tomorrow. As soon as the train could be detached it was dispatched North.?News and Courier. REPORT OX COTTON CROP. - Xcw Orleans Times Democrat Says Crop Has Deteriorated. New Orleans, Oct. 7.?The Times Democrat says today: The Times-Democrat herewith pre? sents the reports of its correspondents on the progress of the cotton crop during the month of September: The consesus of opinion is to the following effect: The accounts vary greatly .accord? ing to the section . from which they come, but taking the belt as a whole. ? there has been a moderate deteriora? tion. Picking has made good headway as a whole, but farmers are more In? clined to hold wherever they have no pressing debts to pay. There is much complaint of shed? ding and prematnr?- op nlng of bolls.. The next report, which will he th* last, will be printed in the issue t?f Monday, December 2. when the usual quantitive estimate of yield will be given. FARMER MAKE* REPLY. As to Lynchbiirg Correspondence Statement Concerning the Sidling ot Cotton by the Farmer*. Editor Watchman and Southron: I notice in last week's Watchman; and Southron an article by your Lynchbung correspondent, in which he ssyi "The farmers are utterly dis? regarding the earnest appeals to hole* for 13 and 15 cent*. By this action. 11 to 12 cents is altogether satisfac? tory." Your correspondent is altogether mistaken in drawing that conclusfcm. They are selling not because they think they are getting a fair price, hut bcause they have had the prfCfr dictated to thru so long that they catr ii"t he made to si e that they can con? trol the price themselves, and so the] rush thlr cotton to market befOief Wall street pushes it down lower great many farmers, however, holding their cotton and will get much better prlc< - a little later. One o; the Partners Ifaj esville, Oct. 1107 Great Britain owns more land o? North AmtHca than the ITttttNl States.