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o uti) V 01 THE SUMTER WATCHMAN", Established April, 1850. 'Be Jost and Fear not-Let all the ends Thon Aims't at be thy Country's, Tay God's and Truth's." THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established Jane, 186ft' olidated Lug. 2,1881. SUMTER. S. C.. WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER 27, 1905. New Series-Vol. XXY. No 25. test to. .the -spigs^d. .rass^?nce- rei>-: j ra New Orlg??fiS last simmer. - . ":; tr. W??Haxas^^s mader"an exhaust stucy of th^vsTibj?et :^id is con Ked. no sound argapt?nt can be aght agaiBst the.-'proposed, pro- j mme>. that, the - only opposition to nil come from people who S/> not .^rstand ths importance" of the ?quito .dogma and the urgent "ne-. l?ty for many radical changes tn methods of fighting the disease as wrt- by- recent- discoveries and ex ieaces. Sr.rge?? White actually i n ?d'??all yellow fever victims outsid/?^8 Bfey Orleans who pouid hot . get per treatment at home to urne to .v-Orleans. <and more than.o;^ hun- j d came IXL were treated in .^e NewJ? eans hospitals -under /'the, new j Sheds"and ia no case did??^second- ! infection -develop . .; fro?&:'..%ny fot- ' m. Dr. White / says 'this agajn, ..ves?'/?he. correctness ; o? the - mosquil*J $0gB& oftransmission, fox. it shows j gflraei^the 'health authorities have j ^wited^ of "a case of fever and see ? ii. i^:pr0-7>fcriy. sereebed no on? else - ^ contract. ;.the>.?.disease from that j Ov*-- ... hundreds, ..-of non-Immune j -ses ?srea in the N?ew Orleans fever] ?pit?is-, for : two months and not one fl them ??3 the fever-but then, not ? > of thea was stung by a; mosquito ? ring that time,^he?ng in screened ? ;pitals. The educational work ie by the, Marine Hospital, surgeons I ; been far reaching, and it is hop- I that this, important work which I i eventually prove the bulwark of I .^.$out'h's defense against yellow I er "will he provided^ for by the B&it congress, for through educa- I alone can '.'every city, town, ham Kgt?5. State in, the-South be brought arropar ree?attion of the import- I S^o?-proper health lawsvand the ? ir|xer enforcement of them. j Wi C. Commander, of - Florence, .barns, three mules and a :?f coxi&?h.? forage by fire; ^^iing. ^ ' - '.:.//?' * Brock. .-shot and kjjled Starr pSes- at Arthur. Richland court T?'?Siir.-fiay^ They were gambling feat \r.t& a. fight.' Union. Cotton Mili Company, of ?.has'hied' claims in the'United tr:et;epurt against che Union, 'X?U 'fer $#HOt'0: -- vf)? ??r%x;^^3^t*'ria?Th^y.;. ;w?l5?4' ^? ^e'^s?id to be entirely harmless to, man and ' -beast.' They are to be. uie3>^ of the cotton plant. . i,^^ y ._'--? y-':V' :.'H".'-.i ' <v'The first method'-/ of distributing practically-pure cultures of.nitrogen fixing bacteria dried on cotton has not proved entirely satisfactory, owing^ to varying conditions of air during tran- ] sit in the mails, and to certain- mat-] ters connected with laboratory tech-f hi que. While the number of unsuc? cessful attempts^ secure innoculation by* users of cotton cultures sent out by the department is small, ; it -has been recognised that the methods of pre? paring 'the-; organisms and distributing th?m Were open to improvement.. In? vestigations have been under, way for some time with, a view to improving, the'methods followed", and\s a;result, the,-department is how prepared to send out -bactcrio^ogic^ily pure .cul-, tures in small .tubes hermetically sealed. _ The experiment carded' on by the department have " demonstrated the fact tht by'the proper care of .practi? cally pure cultures, the, nodule-form? ing bacteria are actually carried, into the soil. These bacteria are a?jie^irp form root nodules, and' where other conditions are favorable the inocula? tion thus brought about makes possi? ble the growth of a legume lr. soils where it had failed previously for lack of bacteria. The original culture* used, however, must be prepared with the utmost care and with a view to? wards preserving or increasing- their natural power of nitrogen fixation rather than merely to make them grow under .favorable conditions. The bacteria^ are capable of making up for a deficiency of soil nitrogen, and the department - will send full in? structions to any one desiring to make the experiment^ with them. It is theK belief of the department ; that if the. eotkon seed to be planted are treated'liberally to a test'of the treatment which is shortly to be sent out, that much benefit: will be'derived, roy the soil inW which th? seed are.put! and consequently, . a better and health? ier crop of'cotton. . / A negro man was shot from am? bush on the public road near,Leo post office, Williamsburg county. last Thursday and thrown into a ditch. P?e was found some hours afterwards^,si|Il. alive. The affair ;js a mystery. r iiiilil Wm?_ Joas "D'Arc Was ia tile 1M\ of ik Biog?jr' FigMing. me" Uprising WasV Stamped Oat With "Heavx Ix^ of Iiife and tJ0e;Goverr?>j^ . viaent ?o\v Claims That;^eJJ5?s&rr' erection; is- atEnd.. St;- PetersburgsJanuary ?.-The .Hefg i)??t|?in?ry;! society - has: issued a xflac^ :-he failure of j^;^S<^n^:^4^g???f aaa been decided ito refr^in.'from" or-, gering ?.a;;general, insurrectioii / at the" j ^ginning of the New - Year. Such a rev^it/it. 3s explained, might." int^mi SaTte &e ignorant .and timid portion of a^^bp.ulation. i ali-precautions- looking to ?e?iing -with i t^r^i^ vQfrrepressih the most vig- , ^^s.fma.nner any- preparations made b^'in?tirrecUoniste for an uprising: JEt; / is; expected that with:the crushing o? ineVTevolt at Moscow" many of .the rev? olutionises who- too^'an active part in the :;?prisl^. there vv^l -ilee 'to -St.- Pe-'- ; ??tsbuf?^. .The- ^gov?t?iment officials,' however*"/declare-.- that 'they ; . have ..no fear '.? o^fthese ?rerfege?s^vill -be .ab|e to, ' Stair? an insurrection h??c, because the j^rj^'idw^iat^aso^tapi?ti;^- <: by ^?ops. ;- ; '-* T5i? 'news ;which arrive^i?^^; ^iOTrt" ^s^.tv^^^Srm^.. 'the-1 leuriier" r?port : ten iT?gJ???T'' th> . stain pfagy'?fyty^; tfe?' ' re - v &n"}n ;.thai- ;city thatithe putting ; down ;o?..the>^ ^tft^i?^^^^^^a^t?^v^--.. ..''-..^ o?n'tio'har^ . day? of n'ghtirig -^^^^^^^^j;yea-r old gj^^^ . t -, . '.. r~~ - j f-. ": ? ?2 :.- "Abbeville, . Deccmte*; 28.-A;;rfegroV ! ?asfc-: night attem^d"; ^ . assault Mrs. ^^tt Hbammond ..pn^::.Ma^a2?%?istre^t.. Mrs? Hammond wag at the fiske alone at^iome; About 6 o'clock ^heywasjit- - tra'cted - by ' some one opening-' a win? dow blind to -her room. ' She saw a negro trying. to enter her room ' - ?nd immediately rang the phdtne .for a. po- . liceman. " " The negro coolly told her/as he was attempting to raise the window sash, that it would' be too late when any one came to help her. ' Mrs., Hammond ran .into ' the ft-'ont yard, and by screams gaye an alarm to her "-next door neighbor. . Her screams were' heard- by her husband" who -. .*' ''^wtwrning^home earlier than usual, and. he hastened to her assist? ance. HP arrived just, in time tc see the negro jump over the^ back yard fence and run away. . Mr. Hammond fired his pistol at the fleeing negro, bu" without effect, as it w-as too dark for him to see. bloodhounds were put on-the trail,. but it . could not be folowed further than the Southern depot, #here there is much traveling. \ There', is little clue as ta who the guilty-negro, is, but it is very probable' that it was. some one .well acquainted with Mr. Hammond's movements, as he attempted, to enter -the house*at-.a tim'eywhen Mr..Ham? mond is almost'invariably absent.. This was one.-of the boldest- attempts, at crime ever known here. It was short? ly after-" dark and one o? the most thickly-.settled streets in . town.-An? derson'Mail. DISPENSARY FOR WILLIAMSBURG State Board of Canvassers Declare Recent Brice Law Election Null and Void. Columbia, December 30. - The State board of canvassers , today .de-j dared the dispenasry flection in Wil? liamsburg null and void on account of various inregularities. Williamsburg voted out the dispensan*. REGRETS HIS GOIXG. Orangeburg. December 29.-Dr. J. A. Clifton left. Orangeburg a few days ago for Marion, where he_wiil makt his home. For the past four years Dr. Clifton has been the pastor of St. Paul's M. E. Church, in this ci'y. ana during that time he has endeared him? self .to all of the citizens, irresjgg?ye of church affiliation. It is the x~:-:rr \\ regret that ho has to leave by i of his -church, and make , elsewhere:_. Orangeburg's lcg? Marions gain, and Dr. -Ci'C' eitizen will vprove an '.acqt&--i^4^%; tire Pee-Dee ^ity. ?t?a&i?ht ?^d?&iars'.in Convention m ?:: Cpliit??a^^u?atioi^l'' Topics ot p ^?December ': 28.-The ?As- j l^^^vCity ' ,S?ho ol ; Sup-arint en d-'|; 5nt4i^??. :v?v -th? rooms of ' Wright's. ' ^p^at". 5iz? : o'clock yesterday after &pon.> v.T^e'^ffl?eting.>was called to orr $??r: . by "President.^?L. T; Baker, super ' tendent of ?.the Mount. Zion'Tnstitute it Winnsboro. .---President; OBaker,: made . hisj annual ??df ess. oh the -.subject of ,^The JD?vel jg.ment of .the. High School,''' whicn w^[l}si4n??:t6. with much interest. . g ^Pre^ent-Henry % Snyder of Wof ?ord/?ol^?^rea4. a paper on ''-English in -the; ^ he out fined, a course- of -study in this, sub-; j??t.^and %gave;V?n^^toter?sting sug? gestions ^ic^lth? ^English work in-the public high schools. . :. . The- subject of. "-g?tions of High S^h^?te t?>: ?oHeges" was discussed by Superintehdehi^;'P^iikv' Evans of the /'..-.?^r?si4eut^ Baker. a?pohite/d the fol-j. lowing^ committee'. ' jt?c nominations-:' Superintendent'.. Henry P. Archer of:] Charlestons^ R: "M. Kennedy of Cam? den; "anj?; it : J. Thackston of Orange burg. : ?V;The ^meeting adjourned jat 7 p.m. }" ? to meet- agamJthis morning, - . At :^:3^Sojclock.' the city ?uperin tend?m^Tj^ined- the county s?perin-. t?ti^ni?^ i??ucation.:at a meeting to be -ad^ S. Stew-.' af* r-0^^bM;^p^!&?^s$pi .Georgia, the^ high'.^sc^ State of i Georgia. . . The . subject-i -for discussion at the meeting thi^'^n^niing:. ' "Our College Entrance-. -B^uifemehts,' -in ?at?n ..and '{. Greek,'*." by. Principal '^W. \ P. Mitlsi of Camden.. . V "Col]eg.e.;En^ Mathematic^** -by - Prof. E. C. Mc Cants of Anderson. - ..^t.^^^^ejs^uld formal. Edu? cation Be^;;?by Superintendent ? -H. addr?'ss^is?gi^n .:?n--;fui?'?n'ain0^r. "eo? :d.*. The-'schooi' men-' present repr?r s'ent_.SSI- teachers.and 29,7Si" pupils;- { The ?oqjity Sup?rinteridents. ?I The-; County Superintendents'- Asso- j ??a?ion met in. the -senate, chamber last ' night* and had a vei-y^ -enj?ya^Ie j session. There -were present the ( su-' .perit?endeiits of educatibnof ,37.coun? ties and a number ot visitors, includ? ing several ; members of':tne>; State board' bf education. Hon. ?. 'B. Mar? tin, State superintendent of education, j presided and' delivered an address on j educational 'conditions in this estate, which address was very'much enjoyed. ?Mr. Martin devoted himself particu? larly to' the educational .progress of the State and in the StateSgk the last 12 months and in his^^OT^?was par? ticularly enthusiastic;:iiV;-;r^^rd to the forward, m1>vemejV';%v?i.,^'f "The Best. Method ; of Handling Text Books" was discussed by Supt. D. L. Stevenson, of Fairfield and Sup?* A. H Gasque bf Florence. A number of other teachers and superintendents took ia rt in the discussion ? of these, carefully prepared, papers, i* .The association re-elected its offi? cers. ;'0. B. Martt?? president; E. B, Wali?ce, vice president, and J. A. Carroll oi York,; secretary and ?r?as ? ? i ur?r.'. As was announced last night there was ? general change in' the pro? gramme for today. Professor Jos. S. Stewart, professor of secondary edu? cation in the University of Georgia arrived on a late train last night and reported that he must leave the city today&at noon for Athens, Ga., to at? tend to executive duties there dh ?c count -pf the extreme illness of the chancellor of the University, Hon. Walter Hill, LL. D., one of 'the fore? most educators in the South and a man universally beloved in Georgia. On account of Professor Stewa::'s "hurried departure, the hour for meet- I ing this morning was changed to 9:20 lin the hall of the House of Repre? sentatives., i '. JW The following was the programme of the exercises today at the rrieting of the county superintendents: "Some Needed Changes in. the School Law," Superirj&^eirt J. R Williams of Marion :.?3^&?b?ndent B. F. Sample of Sj "Some Neede School Work,' Wallace of l?-d3y 'Rivers .nv :<> Sy - TBE SCHOOL AGE. j At What Age Should .-P?pifc?e :~Flrstr; . Admitted Into Our1 Schools? ? " Address cf S. H. Edmunds, Supt. ??ty Schools of Sumter. '-. ';- This /body'of .superintendents .?meets-.' LEO m. year, to year; *-?ot only to discuss/ Ihose -questions whose .so?ntton/-ma?j| prove mtitually^beneficial; but'also to iec'are itself upon those educational doctrines which may. become a partiof.. :he ^creeds' /for which/we may stander ?ifis.is-iot a l?gislative body, but if its nflu'ence fails to affect . legislation in. >o far as^. such, legislation may pertain :o education, our association does not ;ome tip to; its responsibility! or ?xe.r-; 2ise/a right to which it is . justly en-. rifled; A question of vital importance ^^ott^jj^^^^i^. this ; body of SU'T . perintendents has. never' declared itself ;; ? .the'earliest' age . at which pupils should be admitted ; into / our public schools.. The state law says, that this; ige shall- be. six, and; as. lon g a-s thfe> law remains of course there; - is no question ; but need it remain six- al-;' : ?rays? Is if. the jndgment of the'su? perintendent's here ass?mgted that six fears'otage is the best.age at which pupils should he admitted, .into our schools ? As the conditions: hoy exist', cur pupils enter at six" and complete the full course/ prescribed' m otir schools at seventeen. ? believe thaii^. of the pupils, shou?.d enter at' eight, - they could complete the course- in-' nine. instead of in eleven years I be? lieve- that .the work that it now'takes two yea.'^to ;do in the -first gradetco?v ?e/as' :?ri?;r.?ugh-Iy . completed, .in* .one" pear^andi^rj-otlver year would be-made ap. " between - /. the; second arid ~ -sixth - grades." :. Thus./a- pupil ;-/entering^ "at: eight would/d^o. .in fiye^years; the .-? same amount >^^^ji^??s-/ is-vnqw do?ean seven' yea^^?^he/pu"pils do not begin to ieave/s^'^?? "any"."great numbers-; before.^r^<?0^i::&- "high\ school/' ??*d". ?^^:j^^^^i^^p?}d be. done th >sc who h^^?^-^'^i?yilese"ox remain-, mg ; in sch"o^^^t??.'.'th.?: fnll/ course 0. completed:- //. ".' As Uie^a-^'no'w.fsfarrds.'tt is our'diily to. adinif: the "pupj^.-attthte-. age of''sixv Many-pf .us realjzing< ..-the d isa elvan-. t^es/under '-' A>iiicV'/ t-he. pupils -/a ?. ?.-; g&ce-d; S scSf^-at^?^ar?y/age; e a vc ' ^b/3t^|^g^-oj?r:/^urefe -of. study'as 'til |?^^n/^?Vevils ? "that ; might- result i o |he"^prysical and'-,mental .conditions : of tne p'?p?ls^?t . this tender : age. We' l^fye/^ - wfll not be forced'-and that there are;cer? tain, branches' of ' study in' the--higher' grades whose.'grasp demands marun-, ty of':mind./? Tt> ' this" end- we legih'e.nid the period -, at, school- so that* when these-' branches- are reached the mi.:-! will have attained thV necessary ma? turity! This adjustment of our course of stu^y, the shin-t?nihg of the num? ber of 'hours daily^St school, and-the lengthening of the. term of years have all resulted in a marking of time, waiting for trie, aright age to arrive. Some of our patrons realizing that the majority of parents will send their children to school at an age as early as the school law will permit, are forced to send their own children at the age of six although they prefer to have them enter for the first time at eight. <?hese who have this prefer? ence are forced to act contrary to their wishes and judgment because, they know that the schools must ad-: just themselves to the law as it is and not as it might be and for them to keep their children from school jurat: ) they should have-attained the age de? sired .would be to place them in. a' class of pupils younger than them-. selves. Ready as they are to proceed it becomes necessary for* them to mark time also; for make whatever divisions in; a grade that may seem to us best, it is the majoriiy of 'pupils in a grade that at last determines its progress. We have in tho first division of our first grade this year a sufficient num? ber of pupils older than six by at least one or two years to show us that if all of the pupils were of that age It would be necessary for theVn to spend" only on?/year in that the first grade. Why-is this true? Because we know Lhat pupils at the age of six and sev? en have reached one of the most crit? ical periods of their lives. Many phy? sicians will tell us today that teething is not a cause of disease; but at this period the disorders are due to a dis? turbed nervous condition and an in* prudent diet". Mothers will tell us that teething itself is a direct cause of disease. Whether the. cause be direct or indirect the result is the same and experience has taught us that a teething child is to be guarani with the tenderest care. At about the age of'five these first teeth begin to disappear and new ones take their places. t This second period continues for a year or..two so iftnl at th?/?ge of six children arc culling thei>-;p-cr m?nont teeth. -\ condition; of . ner vous restessness results and confine-*.: men? in the school room, however/; j :arefuiy all precautions may be taken - tb "make.ihis'.-c?rjo%?&r&:'?i?rire& from : -injury as possit?-?:,- is .n?t^best. ? . Sun- . .shine arid \ funnest? ?f^sQ'et?^kr-^o?id be- ih> child's' privilege ?? this "criti^T. period. Af ;..-eign't;?iji?s / eOridition ?' has I changed 'and from that.'time 'until '?h&~? rigor that previ'?u^y?;-woui^ unreasonable'-""an d -un kind. ' Will a child be- the loser 'by . these-/ two" years of -.what' rsonae" may', term, en? forced idleness? -First] let '- ns derry the truth' of the ierm^;?nfpr?ed'idle-;-; ness. " > Th e ' chi 1 d11 : not be - idle m?^k there is honoree applied;. V ; ; , Nature the. kind o I'd-- r^u r^e *?a^l5h#~ ply -been aU?'w?d;?dt.v^^^?r^^?r^; to take the. chil?- u^^'^^.^^??^ the. l?ssons-.^he:J^li-^^^^l^^^?^! sinew a?drherve. that shevW|^^e.;?ur^ ; ing th?s?additipnai :p?^ib?-^^ f??^??i^ child: :^?fte?; to receive . the;??t??^^^/ l?sson^-vtj?.?t: he must learn an^ :in ;tn^ rac'e/^f?rejhim he will run-f^t?r/?hd? lasx/;l'^^er-byVhWing- sat .tWcvSe?^:' mpT&'u&cfct natur?;s^l0?^^ Have you not noihz?g. oth?t/ af ter- a .t&rte-'''tihe cfc!idr?n-:^?^e^.'^^w^^t?n^i isii?ngly;-?rtd_ at the' e??^^e?h" ^?a? - more .ruddy-> and str??g,:/t&ey enter-/ enter upon^the work of another school* year-with so .much spirit and vigor as to. do one's heart good ? There is even^. a greater degree of-. -vigor and seager* 'n?ss^in the child, when' he first "begins., school even at sis. If. we could only . keep them- at home. . until they are eight yearsv- vof age, . the, . eagerness would b e there, .the" vigor also, and -we - could work them'' rigorously without doing/ri oleixcV to OU? -sense .pf what'i3* -reasonable and right The time -would' be' short*-', a' by two'-years, " .'the. ex- ' pectajjK.^--'. of completing^:|heir ^fullg course "of nine years wo.Si^^fei>risht%'" school' life would;: be : lessened / their /whole. .iiyeV"'.perjhaps>,j^^ -and-.fuller - because/^e;^alio^^' nature to- take her.time. / / -/: :;, I believe -that"-a- ?p^rfec't^'i^^??C^?'?; . - . -, ? result of /ail; of -t?iese^?on^tU^s,. would, "be".that";more:.-pi^as.^w?- n?dzi?^ .co.rnp?ete the :?,uli ccprt?<?-/t'h:;: :- r.-ef^li' :x/ow^-5i^/in . the: last yeai's ol ? 'schpol. tip:. I ' I a"m^.''fo'n^':of'l??otiis^H ? . > . who ?howe'd ?fcy.. ai*s--rema???L'-'^a<xee . ? .. . - - . - . ... . mu .preciati'on of a \3-e'p^ruih v -s?v said..that an.'.'carly '.rl-:-or --is' all the-'forenoon 'and- .i?^/lia;^ ter no on.. If we.iqr$?* ;r?y us-'back. .. She' kn iness. If we realise ?a&C?z'i to. "h er ,1 a Vs. y i e Ids ? ? he" U age; is it nora^duty that.we-Jwfc*;^r-"?nr; dren .tb give them therbene-'it e/\a le ? > ? ~ - son that accumulated/; .?s^pte-rie?ee.'- -???'s .taught us'./lt-tak?si>ti23^'' t?: be brief!-' The Kcal Need. ff Superintendent of Education 0. B.-Martin Wants to be of real benefit to South Carolina, we suggest that ho drop his enmity against- the Citadel Academy, the most useful educational institution of the "South, forget his university fad, and. devote himself to the development of county high, schools. That, is what the State needs more than anything else-bounty' high schools. As things go .npw, boys are sent to Clemson, 'and the South Carolina College, before they are "half through their common county or graded schools, and continue their preparatory* courses at those- higher,.: institutions-higher in -name-under the idea that they are: really going ' /to ^college, when as a.?matter-of fact they, would be doing muc^&etter in some high grade acade^riy^t-We have seen it stated that one-third of the ' pupils at Clemson are in" the prepara? tory department, and that really means that thev had better be at a good high school if 'one^Were'available. " It is the same way to a large, extend with the South Carolina^ College. Both of these institutions eve doing too much nreparatoiy work-work that could be done better and more satis-, factory elsewhere, if: our educational system were developed along proper-. lines. It is difficult tc 'Imagine any? thing that we need less. thalf;"a uni? versity just nov,-. .We. can much bet? ter afford to let ou.r.stndents who re? quire post... graduate / courses . go- to? other institutions . already established and.d^ihg the righV kind- of-Work. W?v car get along--for twenty ye?is yet . without feeliftg the need of a univer? sity, and w.e^HU?ot feel such, a need . veiw stroppy even" tli?n ?nless-??- the ... meantime-we do" much more-than WfJ have .^?yer . done before in devV/ oi'ing.a first class '^sy^em/of ccd:i ty high schools.. The county .Ugh schools developed tc a proper, degree Of efficiency will, after a while, :make the university a neiessity.-Yor'kvillo Enquirer: lter Tolan, a negro boy 16 yee rs; old. .was struck ?m thc back of the neck with du earthen pilcher on ; oublie s,-- iS Edgi field S?tur??V ?by Emma illowa v. a :>--:ro- -om...:. - & '?s* - ? "'>v' and? instr .../.ly ki'lcd. SB