University of South Carolina Libraries
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1903. Box+rtd at the Pott O fice at Sumter S C., as Second Class Mitter. PERSONAL.. Mr. Herbert Moses of Columbia is in the city. Mr. McDonald Furxnan spent Satur? day in town. Mr. W. O. Cafn, of Privateer spent Saturday in town. Mrs. H. W. Hood is at Pawleys' Isl? and for two weeks. Mr. J. F. Glenn bas gone to York ville for two weeks. Mrs. John T. Green is spending sometime at Wisacky, Mr. J. E. Mayes, of Mayesville was in the city yesterday. Mr. George McChtchen of Wisackyj spent yesterday in town. Mr.. Jos. D. Joye returned Friday night from Saluda, N. C. Mrs. D. F. Harris, of Florence, is visiting Mrs. B. C. Wallace. Mr. *B. Sumter Williams has gone to McCoimellsvilie on a visit Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Wright have re? turned from Halcyondale, Ga. Mrs. H. W. Lucius and childen went to Saluda, N. C., last Friday. Mr. G. A. Lemmoh returned from Henderson ville, N. C., Saturday. Mrs. M. B. Sandle has returned from a month's stay at Glenn Springs. Mr. M. H. Beck left on Sunday for the norm to buy goods for Beck Bros. Mrs. ? E. Jervey has gone to Wil? ston, N. C., to visit Mrs. J, Fletcher. Master Milton Weil, of Savannah, ' Ga., is visiting his sister, Mrs. Abe Byttenberg. Mr. T. D. Chandler who has been quite sick for several weeks is able to be out again, Mr. Geo. L. Kicker left Sunday night for New Sharon Maine, to stay until September 1st. t>. L. Shaw of St Charles has been appointed a member of the board of control of Lee county. Mrs. Ellis Green left a few days ago for New York where she will spend sometime with relatives. Mr. and Mrs. C. W. McGrew and children went to Wilmington, N. C., on Saturday, returning Tuesday. * Mr. Isaac Schwartz has gone to New York to buy the fall stock for Schwartz Bros. He was accompanied by his son, Kay. Mr W. C. Chandler, of this city has -been - elected Vice President of the v South Carolina Funeral Directors' Association. Mr. T. B. Jenlins Las returned from Cleveland Springs. His health was decidedly improved by his stay at the springs. Miss Grace Handle has been notified by President Johnson of Winthrop College thz.t she has been awarded the four year scholarship from Sumter county. Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Mason and lit? tle son Jam? Hoyt, of Augusta, Ga., arrived in the city Wednesday on a visit to their parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. Y. Mason. Mr. Willie Bultman sailed Wednes? day from Charleston via Clyde line Steamer foi- Boston, and will spend several days visiting the large shoe manufacturare of the North. ?Mr. and Mrs. Ebb Wells left Mon? day afternoon for New York, Niagara and Washington. Mr. Wells will pur? chase the fall and winter goods for the Orangeburg Dry Goods Company while at New York. Miss Bet* Kean, of Philadelphia, who has been visiting 'Miss Daisy Scott, returned to Mayesville Wednes? day to visit the. family of Mr. Willie ] Wilson. Miss Kean has many ad? mirers in the city who regret that she made such a short stay here. Magistrate R. C. Folk, of Provi? dence left Tuesday evening to visit relatives in Virginia, and Baltimore, Md. He will be absent from home about two weeks, and in the mean time Magistrate William J. Kees, of Stateburg will attend to his official duties. Dr. Frank K. Holman of Philadel? phia is in the city on a visit. Miss Esther Dick left today for Brevard, N C. Mr. J. K. Mayes, of Mayesville, . went to Henderson ville, N. C., this morning. Mr. K. A. Dixon, who for the past five years has been employed with Mr. John Fitzmaurice, has resigned his position, to accept a similar one with Schwartz Bros. of Sumter.-Tt^ State. Mr. D. J. Chandler has gone to New York to purchase his stock of fall and winter clothing. Messrs. G. A. Lemmon and J. L. Haynsworth of the Sumter Dry Goods Co., leave for New York this evening. Mr. J. Frank Pate went to Fletch? er's N. C., this morning. Mr. W. S. Jones left this morning for Old Point Jomfort, Va., to attend the annual meeting of the Agents of the Equitable Life Insurance Co. From Old Point he wiU go to New York to spend several days. Mr. George D. Shore went to Bre? vard, N C., this morning. He will spend two weeks there with his family who are summering at Brevard. Mr. W. V. Cauthen went to Glenn .Springs this morning. Mr. W. P. Friar, of Florence was in the city today. Judge J. H. Hudson of Bennetts ville, who will be one of the counsel in the defense of Spain Kelley, has been in the city for several days. Ticket Agent China sold thirty-five tickets for the mountain excursion this morning. DEATH. The Pinewood correspondent of the Manning Times in the issue of Ans*. 12, makes the following notice of the I death of Mr. Charley Barwick who formerly lived in this city and was for some time in the police force : Mr. C. P. Barwick, one of our mer? chants and best citizens, passed away last Thursday night about 2 o'clock, after a long spell of illness. The re? mains were laid to rest at the family burying ground near his father, Mr. J. M. Barwick's old homestead. A large crowd of friends and relatives, to pay their last tribute of respect, accompanied the remains to its final resting place. Mr. Barwick leaves a wife and five children to mourn his loss. Birthday Party. Last Thursday evening at the home of J. W. DuBant, 403 W. Hampton avenue, occurred a very pleasant party, the event being in honor of Miss Louise's birthday. She received many pretty presents as remembrances from her friends. The evening was spent in music and games. Among these was a contest in which the prize was won by Louise Vogel, while Van Cleve Parrott cap? tured the booby. Dainty refreshments were served, after which the guests, departed wish? ing the hostess many happy returns of the day. Those present were: Miss Aubrey Villeneuve, of Atlanta, Ga. Mr. Bruce Lynam, Miss.Erminee Lachicotte, of Columbia ; Mr. John Lee,. Mrs. A. J. China, Mrs. Kingman, Mrs. E. W.. Vogel, Mr. E. W. Vogel, Miss Lucile, Kingman, Mr. David McCallum, Miss Olga Britton, Mr. Joe Epperson, Miss Mabel Welsh, Mr, Robert Warren, Miss Alma Campbell, Mr. Van Cleve Parrott, Miss Marie Brown. Mr. Clar? ence Lowrey, Miss Cornelia Kingman, Mr. George Warren, Miss Clyde Dxx Rant, Mr. Lonnie Vogel. A Novel Entertainment Misses Camilla Kilgore and Katie Pierson, entertained a number of their friends quite pleasantly, at the home of the former on South Sumter street, Wednesday evening from 8 to 10 o'clock. Below is given the program of the evening, which was beautifully ren? dered by each participant. 4 1. Instrumental Solo, by Miss Ca? milla Kilgore. 2. Recitation, * ' The Broken Dish, ' ' by Little Miss Nell Gregory and Mas? ter Morgan Lowry. a Tableau, "Faith, Hope and Charity," by Misses Nell Gregory, Kitty Stubbs and Master Morgan Lowry. 4. Recitation, "Busy Little Fin? gers," by Little Miss Kitty Stubbs. 5. Reading, "The Chase," by Miss Camilla Kilgore. 6. Recitation, "Learning to Knit" by Misses Nell Gregory, Kitty Stubbs and Mr. Morgan Lowry. .7. A Song, "Evening Bells," by Misses Camillla Kilgore and Sarah Richardson. 8. Reading, "Papa's Letter," by Miss Katie Pierson. 9. Tableau, "Nearer to the Cross I Cling," by Misses Camilla Kilgore, Katie Pierson, Nell Gregory, Sarah Richardson and Kitty Stubbs. An extra performance, and one that was exceedingly enjoyed by all, was "a Jig," by Little Mr. Cooney Greg? ory. 10. Recitation, "The faults of others," by Mr. May Gregory and Louis Pierson. The program was concluded with a recitation, "The old Negro's prayer" I by Mrs. Sydney Stubbs, and a num? ber of beautiful magic lantern scenes. A most interesting feature of the oc? casion, was the extreme youth of each child who participated (not many of them being 12 years of. age) and a number below five, and the bright, accurate way in which ttey performed the parts assigned to them, sweet smiles playing over their lovely little faces all the while. Dach act was loudly applauded by the audience, and every one went home highly pleased with their evenings enjoyment. A Spectator. Health Officer Reardon Visits Darlington. At the request of Dr. C. P. Osteen, Health Officer Reardon spent Thurs? day in Darlington for the purpose of disinfecting several rooms where there have been cases of diphtheria, and to sl ow the Darlington health officer what steps to take to control ! contagious diseases and how to disin? fect infected places. Health Officer Douglass, of Darlington was much in? terested and ah apt pupil and readily caught on to the process. There are several cases of diphtheria in Dar? lington, but the cases are under strict quarantine, and the Board of Health and City Council are doing the right thing to stamp out the disease. Health Officer Reardon was request? ed to disinfect several other resi? dences, but the Sumter Health Officer could not remain to do so. Mr. Reardon was much pleased with the city of Darlington and its people and thinks that city a clean, delight? ful place to live in. They need, however, to pay more attention to the disinfecting after in? fectious and contagious diseases, and this was why Mr. Reardon was asked to go over and show how the work should be done. It is said that his visit will result in better disinfecting hereafter. The crowd on the excursion trains this morning did not appear to be as large as in previous years. The first section in charge of Conductor Webb had five coaches well filled, but the second section, which was composed of five coaches also, was not at all crowded. In fact two of the coaches had but few people in them when the train left the station. Supervisor Seale has not abandoned his purpose to improve the Stateburg road near Mr. Bob Edens' place, but will take up that work as soon as the work on Main street is finished. Mr Edens' offer to pay $100 toward the work on the Stateburg road holds good until November and he has no idea of withdrawing it,; ? _ THREE KILLED BY LIGHTNING. Negro Woman and Two Children Instantly Killed and a Baby Severely injured. Sarah Polite, colored, and two chil? dren who lived on Mr. S. S. Davis' place, seven miles southeast of this city, were killed by lightning about 6 o'clock Thursday afternoon. The acci? dent happened just as the storm came up and the woman was in the act of closing a window when she was struck. The children, two boys, were standing nearby and they were also instantly killed. A baby, which the woman was holding in her arms, was seriously injured and may die. It was thrown across the room by the force of the electric current and when pick? ed up, was unconscious. Coroner blowers was notified of the accident, but as there was no doubt concerning the cause of the death of the woman and children he decided that an inquest was unnecessary. KNOCKED OUT WITH A BRICK. Country Negroes Fight With Serious Results. Mose Crosson and Dick Brown two country negroes got into a difficulty in the alley in rear of Walker's store Saturday night in which Crosson was seriously injured. He was struck on the head by Brown with a brick. Cros? son and Brown had had a row a few minutes before, and Crosson went to Policeman Sam Weeks and made com? plaint against Brown and Dick Gayle. Officer Weeks told Crosson to go about his business and he would see that he was not interfered with. Crosson went back into the alley and Mr. Weeks followed him. As he entered the alley he found Crosson cursing Dick Gayle. He arrested both and started out of the alley with them. Just then Brown ran up and let drive at Crosson with a brick. He was hit on the head and was knocked sense? less. Crosson was taken to a physician and his wound dressed. Brown es? caped and has not yet been captured. Gayle was before the Mayor's court Monday charged with disorderly conduct, but there being no evidence to show that he was guilty he was dis? charged. Crosson was too badly injur? ed to be present for trial. THE PUBLIC HEALTH. Sinecure is that of Health Officer at the Present Day. (By F. Prescott-Bullock. ) Hu ! 'pears to me dat Healf ofisah mighty 'Scions and got a heap a im? prudence walking inter my house an tel'ng me what I got to do 'bout de slops, an kep'ng de yard clean. Spec's dis yere place as clean as his is nohow." While expressed in rather a crude manner, the above from the lips of an old colored woman, voices the feel? ing of many a person who is ignorant of the vital sanitary importance at? tached to the periodical visit of the health officer to their premises. It is safe to say that no other class of public officials, whose objects are for the welfare of the citizen, are subject to as much vituperation and enmity as that of the health officer or sanitary police. And this feeling of antagonism is not alone confined to the illeterate, but will be found among the most enlightened people, as many of these imagine that a visit of this kind to their premises is a gratuitous insult either on the part of the officer himself, or instigated by the erroneous report of a neighbor who takes this plan to revenge some fancied or actual grievance. And in many instances this last mentioned idea has more truth than imagination behind it, for it is no uncommon oc? currence for a health officer to have a complaint filed about the unsanitary condition of a certain premises, and upon an investigation being made dis? cover that the entire place is in a far cleanlier, healthier state, than that of the one entering the complaint. The position of health or sanitary i officer in any community, is no sine? cure, but one, if conducted and filled I according to the letter of the law, of extreme hard labor every hour of the day, and often times, when there are epidemics of contagious diseases, throughout many hours of the night ; and his administration of office should be aided in every way possible, not only by the authoritites of the city, but by every fair minded citizen, for in a great measure the health and lives of everyone are entrusted to his care and zeal. In these days of rapid advancement in all scientific matters, the impor? tant subjects of prevention and cure of infectious and contagious diseases are receiving more and more attention, and ere long the minutest microbe, will have to be an early bird, that escapes the net of the bacteriologist. But sanitary science backed by all the health officers obtainable, will be useless, unless assisted and strength? ened by the actions of the administra? tive officers and the public spirited citizens of the community. A perfect system of drainage, an ample supply of pure water, a sewerage system if possible, streets kept clean of rank weeds, garbage barrels regularly emptied, impure milk, diseased meats and rotting vegetables condemned, all these would go far toward promot? ing health in a community. Then in addition let the sanitary officer be unre? stricted in his duties pertaining to the care of infectious and contagious dis? eases, disinfections, fumigations, iso? lations, the cleanliness of private premises, the abolition of all nuis? ances, and the^nost important pa?t in the prevention of disease is provided for. The ice cream festival, which was to be given by the Second Regiment Band this evening has been postponed until next Wednesday evening on ac? count of the weather. The improvement of Main street from the present terminus of the ma? cadam pavement to the county line near Cowpen Swamp is assured. The city council ordered the work within the city commenced on Monday, and Supervisor Seale will begin work with the chain gang at Mile Branch on the same day. This improvemen' means a great deal to Sumter, and it will be the best of object lessons in good road building under the most unfavorablejiatural r.m di ti or H. M "1 LOCAL NEWS PARAGRAPHED If yon hear an item of news send it to this office-news is always welcome. There was a very enjoyable dance at the Club rooms last Wednesday night. Sumter needs a good road over which teams can haul full loads from the city limits to Bossards. Street tax collections this year ap? proximate $1600, and there are still a few delinquents to be run in. The addition to the Sumter Tele? phone Mfg. Co's, factory will be com? pleted by early fall. 2 The frequent rains recently are caus? ing uneasiness among farmers, for ex? cessive rainfall now will seriously in? jure the cotton crop. Capt. A. P. Vinson is canvassing Sumter township for signatures to the petition against the establishment of the second dispensary. The petition against the establish? ment of the second dispensary is be? ing quite generally signed and there is now some doubt about its establish? ment. The clay and gravel that is being removed from East? Liberty street, where macadam is to be laid, is being put down on Harvin street between Bartlette and Liberty. Sumter county will never have a com? plete system of good roads until we cease relying upon the chain gang to do all the work of construction and maintenance. One of Col. D. P. Duncan's daught? ers was bitten by a rattlesnake at Saluda, N. C., last week and was seriously ill for several days, but has now almost entirely recovered. Ex-Railroad Commissioner H. R. Thomas has made a date to appear be? fore the Railroad Commission to pro? test against excessive and discrimina? tive rates on cord wood and stave bolts. The latest improvement in automo? bile circles is the substitution of one horse and one mule as motive power. The speed developed is not excessive, but the power is very reliable. If the plans of the School Board materialize the High School building will be completed February 1st. . It is expected that the contract for the building will be executed with an Atlanta firm within a few days. A number of people who took dinner at the hotel in Camden Thursday were made ill by eating ice-cream. Among the number were two of Mr.. E. C. Hayns worth 's children. They were quite sick for several hours, but were better next day. The chain gang is at work on North Main street. The gang began work Monday at Mile branch and will work toward the Court House. A clay roadway will be put down and it is expected to be fully the equal of Broad street in all respects. The fall session Of the Graded Schools begins on Monday September 14th. Pu? pils who desire to be admitted to the school will be examined by Superin? tendent Edmunds at his office on Thursday and Friday September 10th and 11th. Thomas Dixon's new book, "The One Woman," for sale at Osteen's Book Store. This new novel is the sensa? tion of the hour and is destined to be more widely read and discussed than "The Leopard's Spots." The municipal election is a longfway off, but there is already more or less discussion of probable and prospective candidates. The sewerage question is certain to be an issue in the cam? paign. J. Ryttenberg & Sons announce a big display of fall and winter suitings by the well known tailoring house of Kahn-Feinberg Co., of New York, at their store on August 25th and 26th. Those who appreciate .fine clothing and perfect fits should see the display. The vagrants who cumber this city could be made to do honest and useful labor on the public highways if they were arrested and sentenced to the chain gang. Their services are es? pecially needed just now and Super? visor Seale could make use of fifty or more on North Main street. The line of attractions booked by Manager Ryttenberg for the approach? ing theatrical season is undoubtedly the strongest and highest class that has ever been engaged for the Opera House apd the theatre goers of Sumter have much to look forward to. A straight unbroken turnpike-part? ly macadam and partly sand and clay -from the A. C. L. depot to the county line near Bossards, will be a great thing for Sumter and it cannot be completed too soon. Dr. Cooke will take the place of Prof. Clinkscales in the Sumter Dis- j trict Educational campaign and will j fill all the engagements made for him. Prof. Clinkscales is too unwell to fill his engagements. Dr. Cooke is one ! of the foremost educators in the State j and will do good work for the cause of education. There will be little talk next spring of increasing the tobacco acreage. Some farmers are wishing now that they had less tobacco and'more cotton and corn. The trust's prices for leaf tobacco leaves no profit in tobacco growing for the farmers and many of them will quit growing it entirely until prices improve. The city and county, and the land owners along Turkey Creek, should come to some agreement as to the en? largement and proper maintenance of the Turkey Creek Canal, and the much needed work should be done this win? ter, without fail. The canal is in a very bad condition and does not pro? perly drain the lower part of the city and the adjacent country. Policeman Truitt, of Macsville, who was convicted at the last term of court of assault and battery cn the! person of Kershaw McLeod and sen? tenced to pay a fine of $100, has had his sentence commuted to $25, which has been paid. The case was appealed and when the appeal was dismissed a few days ago, Truitt appeared before Clerk of Court Parrott, presented his commutation and paid his fine. The old Coghlan house on North Main street which has been occupied in recent years by Mr. J. A. White? more, has been moved. It is one of the oldest houses in the city-a regular old landmark-and its removal is an? other evidence of the growth and pro? gress of the city. The corner lot has been bought by the Episcopal church, with the intent to erect a new brick church. A part of the house stood upon ground bought by the church, and that necessitated its removal.| 9"A petition was circulated Thursday among the business men requesting city council to begin at the earliest date possible on the improvement of North Main street. Council was urged to complete the macadam pave? ment from Hampton Avenue to Canal street, and from that point to the city limits to put down a substantial clay and sand roadway. The necessity for this work will be readily apparent to anyone who is at all familiar with the character of the sand bed on Main street extending from the Presbyterian Church to the Mile branch. This is unquestionably one of the heaviest roads anywhere within five miles of the cityr and it should have been con? verted into a fairly good road long ago. North Main street is the most frequently travelled public road lead? ing into the city and unless the street within the city and the public road from the city limits to the county line is promptly put into first class condition the loss in trade that Sum? ter will suffer will be very large and will become larger and larger each year. There is no reason why this road cannot be made as good in. every re? spect as Broad street now is, and if the city council will start the work within the city and complete it to the Mile branch with dispatch Supervisor Seale is pledged to take up the work at the city limits and carry it on until there is a first class, well drained, bard clay and sand roadway from this city to the county line. The work is impor? tant and the business men of Sumter, who have so much at state, and the property owners along the road should be glad to co-operate with the Super? visor. Every acre of land within several miles of the road will be greatly enchanced in value by the con? struction of a good road, and it will be money well spent for property "owners to assist in labor and in cash contributions in the construc? tion of the road. The road is impor? tant, but the thing of greatest impor? tance is to have the work done at once. In response to the petition above mentioned. Council held a spec? ial meeting on Friday, and as will ap? pear from the proceedings took the action desired. The Dalzell and Brpgdon base ball teams played at the ball park Fri? day afternoon. The batteries were: Dalzell-Moise and Smith ; Brogdon McLeod and Davis. The score was Dalzell, 14; Brogdon, 7. The game was quite interesting and those who witnessed it enjoyed the exhibition. I Wednesday afternoon the little son of Health Officer E. I. Reardon, while climbing about the piazza at home, received a severe fall by which he was the loser of a tooth, and received some [ severe bruises about the face. The little fellow bore his pain with unus? ual fortitude and is doing well. Ed Jones, who is under indictment for poisoning Mrs. Rogers, of the Spring Hill section, of Lee county but who has been out under bond for some? time, is again in trouble. He attempt? ed to shoot a young man named Rogers a few days ago, but did not succeed in killing him, being a poor shot. Rogers is a witness for the State against Jones in the case against him for the mur? der of Mrs. Rogers and it is said that Jones wanted to get rid of Rogers on that account. Jones has been arrested for the assault on Rogers and if he es? capes conviction for the murder of Mrs Rogers will be tried for this last offense. . Caleb Powers on Trial. f Georgetown, Ky., Ang. 17.-Caleb Powers took the witness stand in his own defence today. He told the story be has repeated on the stand on 'each of his preceding trials, but denied the story told by Frank Cecil, of Bell County, that he was seeking someone to enact the role of assassin. Powers denied that he had any mo? tive in bringing the mountain army to Frankfort other than to show the Democratic majority of the General Assembly the intense feeling of the Republican voters of the State, and said it had nothing whatever to db .witji- the-Goebel murder. It is evident that Powers's defence this time will be that Henry Youtsey fired the shot that killed William Goebel. Robert Noakes, a State witness, said that at one time Charles Finley, form? er Secretary of State, said to him thai the best way to settle the contest was to pay James Howard $2,000 to kill Goebel. The witness said arrange? ments had been made to kill Goebel on January 25, 1900, but they then miscarried. , Montana Mob Law. Butte, Mont., August 17.-Walter Jackson, who is in jail at Hamilton, charged with the murder of the six year-old boy known as Buck, is report? ed in imminent danger of being lynch? ed. The sheriff has barricaded the jail and the crowds talk nf cutting the wires to prevent him from commui cating with the Governor. Hundreds of ranchers, aroused to fury by the nature of Jackson's alleged crime, poured into Stevensville, the boys' home, and Hamitlon during the day. The jail is heavily guarded and the sheriff has declared he will resist to the last. It is believed that the only thing that has thus far prevented mob violence is the request of the murder? ed boy's parents that the law be allow? ed to take its course. Tramps Stole Bridegroom. Olivet, Mich., Aug. 15.-The mys? tery surrounding the disappearance of Alexander Franz two days ago has been cleared up by the return of Franz him? self. Franz was to have married Miss Winnifred Patten last Wednesday hight, but at the appointed time he failed to appear. He says that he was robbed while on his way from the station to Olivet and taken captive by five tramps. They took him about five miles and loaded, him into a box car bound for Gosh?; Ind. From there he succeeded in send? ing a card to friends. Before aid came, however, he escaped his captor and started for home. Although he arrived a week late for his marriage, it is announced that it will take place soon. ? When the great Episcopal cathedral of St John the Divine, in New York, was projected, about twelve years ago, the pormoters did not fix any definite date for its completion. It ?s to cost about $55,000,000 and is to rank with St. Peter' at Rome, both in size and architectural splendor. Although work has been going on steadily for the last five years, only one of the four great arches that are to support the central dome is completed, and the contract? ors say that the whole structure may be finished in another half century. THE KAHN-FEINBERG CO. The big UNION Tailoring House of 650 BROADWAY, KEW YORK, WILL DISPLAY THEIR GIGANTIC LINE OP FALL and SUITINGS, WINTER --- OVERCOATINGS * & TROUSERINGS In Full Pattern Lengths at our store on Tuesday and Wednesday, AUGUST 25 and 26. THE DISPLAY will embrace the most magnificent assortment of woolens ever shown and WILL CONTAIN OVER 500 STYLES of the newest imported and domestic fabrics. il Practical Representative From the New York House will be at our store to take measurements and a Perfect Fit is Guaranteed ON EVERY ORDER. Don't Forget the Day and Date. J. BYTTENBEBG & SONS. SUMTER, S.