University of South Carolina Libraries
FORAGE PUNTS ANO BRASSES. Lecture by Prof. Hitchcock of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Fully two hundred or more farmers assembled in the Court House Thurs? day to meet Prof. W. J. Spiliman, the Agrostoiogisfc of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and hear him lecture on the subject of grasses and forage plants. % Prof. Spillman was unavoidably absent having been recalled to Wash? ington from Orangeburg Wednesday, but Prof. Hitchcock, one of his associates was present in his stead and discussed the subject iii a most interesting and instructi ve manner. The meeting was called to order by Senator R. Manning,' who express? ed his gratification at. .the large and representative gathering of farmers, evidencing an interest in the efforts of the Agricultural Department. During t?^e coarse of .Prof. Hitch? cock's i?lk a number of questions were asked, all of which he answered, and there was a general exchange of ex? periences bj those who . had. made ex? periments with some of the. plants or ! grasses mentioned. At the conclusion of.ihe" lecture Prof. j Hitchcock destri buted a , number of j packages of seed of the various grasses .and plants, those receiving them promising to report th? results of their experiments. On motion cf Mr., W. G. Wells, a resolution was adopted thanking Con? gressman Lever for arranging for the meeting and Prof. .Hitchcock for his interesting and instructive address. Synopsis of Prof. Hitchcock's Lecture Delivered in the Court House Thursday. Iii his lecture on grasses and forage plants, delivered in the in the Court House to a mass meeting of farmers on Thursday, Prof. Hitchcock, of the United States Department of Agricul? ture introduced his remarks by stat? ing that he would divide the subject under three general heads- (1) Plants that furnish winter pasture; (2) i Plants for summer pasture ; (3) Plants | for storing in silos, This latter class of forage is valuable only in a section largely devoted to darring and as he was informed that this industry had not been developed in this county he would pass over this division and de? vote his time, to the discussion of the winter and summer pasture and for? age plants and grasses and incidental? ly discuss their value as fertilizing agen? for improving the soil. Forage plants belong to two classes : il) the true- grasses- -and - (2) legumes. The legumes, to which belong the many varieties of peas, beans, clovers, alfalfas, eta, .was first takenup. All oj tae legumes have a high feeding value being rich in protein and other elements requi red by stock, and are better ton for ton than anv of the true grasses. They bave also a high value as fertilizing agents, being rich in nitrogen or'ammonia, which is another form of nitrogen, and enrich the soil upon which they are grown. The best results are obtained from legumes by rotating with other crops, for af ter ? time land, no matter how liberally it is treated with commercial fertilizer, fails to respond, and it becomes necessary to restore the ex? hausted humus by planting the land in legumes, which, when ; plowed un? der supplies the needed humus. A scheme of rotation was suggested as follows, (1) cotton, (2) peas, (3) oats followed by peas, (4) corn or cotton (5) cotton. This scheme could be varied as would best suit the needs of the individual. THE COW PEA. Poceedmg to the particular plants under the genera?, class of legumes, he took up first the cow pea, of which there are many varieties. It is com? mon throughout the South and is well known to ali ?armers. For many pur? poses there is nothing better, but as it is an annual must be sown every year -and is a summer plant. It furnish? es a valuable forage and is of consider? able value for fall pasture. It is, how? ever, of most value when cured. He then went into a discussion of the most satisfactory methods of curing, em? phasizing the importance of curing and handling so as to prevent the shed? ding of leaves in the process, the leaves having a much greater value than the stems. Plowing under legumes adds to the fertility of the soil, but in the case of the cow pea, as good results are ob? tained by plowing under the stubble as by plowing under the entire crop. In fact, some lands are injured by plowing under a heavy crop of peas or beans, if the whole crop is to be plowed under, a two horse turn plow should be used, a one horse plow not doing good work or giving good results. VELVET BEANS. The velvet bean is a valuable plant in some regions, especially farther south, but in this section it is extreme? ly doubtful' if it has any advantage over the cow pea. Besides it does not usually mature seed in this latitude. In cultivation and treatment and uses both as forage crop, as fall pasture and for improving the soil tho same methods apply as to the cow pea. SOY OR SOJA BEAN. The soy or soja bean, unlike the i velvet bean, does not climb a tra j ?3 of a bunchy, spreading growtl ? beans grow low on the stalk. Ii section its chief value and use forage ; in the west it is grown cipally for the seed, which are g and fed, mised with corn me j stock. The bean meal is too ri j be feed alone. This plant has advantiges ever cow peas, its value being for hay and forag is cured about as cow peas. It be sown broadcast or in drills, does better in drills, so that i be cultivated. Should be pl early in season, but may be ; ed any time after the soil bei warm; can be planted after oats matures in sixty days from pla?? HAIRY VETCH. The h&irv vetch is useful for w growth and may be cut and cure forage in the spring-it matures ? May-or may be used for winter ; ture. It grows up like the garder which it resembles in many resi having little tendrils at the enc leaves. It should be sown with i to hold it up from the ground, o wise it forms a matted mass over ground. It does best when sow the early fall-September or Octol and will not do well if sown than October. From one to one one half bushels of seed are requir the acre. It thrives best on sandy, drained land. Stiff, wet land is suited to its growth. ALFALFA. Alfalfa is the chief forage plan the irrigated sections of the g west, and is extensively gown throi out the west outside of the irrig sections. It has been known and tivated in the South for many y? and was first grown in the south, a: wards extending to the west when is now a staple crop. It will grow on stiff, wet land, or land i ject to overflow, being killed by n than two days overflow. The c difficulty encountered where it is i gated is the inabiltiy to remove water quick enough from the fields is a valuable plant, furnishing a j manent pasture all the year thro from year to year and yielding sev< cuttings of hay of superoir qua each season. It is altogether the rr valuable hay and pasture plant wi it is grown successfully. It best as a pasture plant in the f For planting the soil should be v prepared so as to remove all lumps i clods, and the seed should be so when the soil is moist. May be pla ed in the spring but not advisable it does best when sewn in the J after the weeds and grasses are out the way. If sown in the spring gr care is required to prevent the tem plants being choked by weeds. WI j once well started it can take care i itself and furnishes a permanent p ture, it being a perennial plant, ser ing down long strong roots deep ir the soil. It does well on well drain sandy land, and responds readily fertilization. It is easily eradicat when desirable and there is no dang of it becoming a pest. CRIMSON CLOVER. Crimson Clover is useful for wi ter pasture and does w< in some sections of the sont It is an annualand shou be sown in the fall. It h no particular advantage over others vetch for*instance. For hay it shou not be allowed to mature seed as then has a hairy burr that is injurioi to animals. FLORIDA BEGGAR WEED. The Florida Beggar Weed is adap ed to poor sandy soil, making a vigo oas growth that affords both pastu and forage. For hay it should be ci before the stalks become large ar woody. It frequently attains a growt of six feet. In planting may be sow broadcast or in drills. Taking up the grasses the followin varieties were discussed : TEOSINTE. Teosinte, a plant somewhat simite to sorghum in growth and appearance for coarse fodder, resembling that c corn or soghum, yields most abundan crops. It will produce more forag per acre on rich soil than any othe plant. It requires plenty of moistur for the best results. It does not ma ture seed in this section, which is disadvantage. Seed should be plante in hills four or five feet apart, and th cultivation should be the same as givei corn. BERMUDA GRASS. Bermuda grass furnishes the best o all summer pastures throughout th< south, and is fine for hay when plant ed on rich low land. It can he alter nated with vetch or burr clover fo: winter pasture. It can be plantee from seed or cuttings. It is difficult to eradicate when once well soddec but can be killed ont by planting lane in oats followed by peas or velvet beans for two years in succession. Ali things consdiered Bermuda is the most valuable of the true grasses foi tho south and when a meadow is once well sodded with it there will seldom be any desire to eradicate it for a Ber? muda meadow is of more value than any other crop that the same land can bo made to produce. RESCUE GRASS AND ITALIAN BYE GRASS. Rescue Grass and Italian Rye Grass are both of s:>me value for winter ras Mmmmm?aammmmmmmmmw??mmw?mwmwmM?mmmm?mmm ture and are particularly well ed to some soils and sections, are annuals and have to be p every fall. The seed should b( in the early fall. Future Contracts-Spurious Bona Fide. . Some of the most interesting tri butions to the body of th< relating to the validity of con for futures have been made b Supreme Court of the United S ! and the decision rendered by court on Monday, in the case of '. vs. the people of the State of nois, is not the least interesti] these. In this case the court ] on the question of the extent o prohibitory power which ma exercised by the legislatures o: states in relation to such cont The particular legislation inv was section 30 of the Criminal Cc Illinois, which provides that wh contracts to have or to give to hi or another the option to sell or ; at a future time any grain or commodity, or forestalls the m; by spreading false rumors to infii the price of commodities, or co the market, shall be fined not than $10 nor more than $1,000 or fined in the county jail not excee one year or both. The plainti] error was convicted on the charg violating this statute, so far z related. to options to buy grail other commodities at a future t and the affirmance of his convie I by the Supreme Court of Illinois been sustained by the Supreme C of the United States, i In its opinion the court said tha j was unable to declare from any J judicially known, or from evidenc the case, that the prohibitior options to sell grain ta a future 1 hard in itself no possible re'atior the suppression of gambling in g: contracts where the parties cont plated only a settlement on the b of differences in prices. It might that the legislature thought that d ings in options to sell or buy a future time, though not always or \ essarily gambling, might have effect to keep out of the market, w] the options lasted, the property wh was the subject of the options, thus assist purchasers to establish a time what are known as conn whereby the ordinary and rege sales or exchanges of such propel based upon existing prices, might interfered with, and persons who 1 no grain and did not care to han any were enabled practically to cont rices. Or, again, the legislature n have thought that options to sell buy at a future time were in th essence mere speculations in pri and tended to foster a spirit gam bing. In all this it was admit! that the legislature might be m taken, but if so the mistake was i such as to justify the conclusion tl the statute was a mere cover to ( stroy a particular kind of business r distinctly harmful or immoral, must be assumed that the legislate was one of the opinion that an effc tual mode to suppress gambling ga contracts was to declare illegal ? I options to sell or buy at a future tim The court declared itself unable say that the means employed were n ? appropriate to the end sought to be a I tained and which it was competent f the state to accomplish, or to adjudj that the state of Illinois transcend* the limits of constitutional authori when enacting the statute in questio: That legislation prohibiting coi tracts for the mere collection i differences is within the power of tl states is no new doctrine to the rea< ers of this journal. Those are casi where there is no intention on eith< side to deliver or to receive commoc i ties. This class of cases must, hov ever, he clearly discriminated fro] the cases where there is no such mt tual understanding, but where a actual delivery is contemplated. Th latter class of future contracts are pei fecatly legal and valid ; indeed, as th Supreme Court itself ruled in the eas of Clews vs. Jamison, decided las year, the fact that at the time of mak ing a contract for future delivery th party binding himself to sell has no the goods in his possession and has n< means of obtaining them for deliver, or otherwise than by purchasing then after the contract is made does no invalidate it. Tho decision just ren dered, in a word, leaves bona-fide fu ture contracts still within the proteo tion of the law. i m- lawn. -- Richmond, Va., March 12.-In th( case of Offield vs Davis, appealed foi tho Circuit Court of Greene County, the State Supreme Court of Appeals 1 has handed down an opinion affirming the lower Court's decision, and hold ing that a common law marriage in Virginia is invalid. The question presented in this case for the first time before the Court was whether a contract entered into between a man and woman, by which they mutually agree'* ?o become husband fand wife, with nit any celebration and without li'O'ise, constituted a valid marriage iii ,^*s State and entitled iii;- woman to . >w? interest from the time the agre, ? ?? nt was made. The opinion is writtei. by .ludge Cardwell. You will never wish to take another j dose of pills if you once try Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets. They are j easier to take and more pleasant in effect, i They cleanse the stomach and regulate the liver and bowels. For sale by Dr A J China. SCANDAL ?N MEXICO. Our Minister in Mexico Mixed Up With Mexican Officials in Min? ing Company. Washington, March 13-M. Theall, local counsel for Mr. Mealy, the Amer? ican citizen who is held under an or? der of court in Mexico for contempt, has submitted to the state depart? ment, through United States Senator Nelson, a long statement of the case from M. Meaiy's side, which reflects upon United States Minister Powell Clayton. It is alleged that the minis? ter has misrepresented the facts in the case to the department and that he is interested in a rival mining company which has affected his attitude toward Mealy and his legal fight with the development company, which forms the basis of the present action against him. In sending the papers to the State department, Senator Nelson wrote quite a lengthy letter and refers to the accompanying papers among which is an affidavit in Spanish by Juan Bar? rera with an English translation show? ing the alleged connection of Ambas? sador Clayton with certain mining companies in Mexico in which Mexi? can government officials are also inter? ested. Senator Nelson refers to what he calls the serious import of the charges and suggests the impropriety of- a minister from this country being a member of a large mining company which is looking for favors from the Mexican government. He says such a minister will not be in a condition to protect an American citizen against the encroachments of a company in which many of the leading officials of the Mexican government are interest? ed. He says there is a rule as to con? suls which does not allow them to engage in trade in countries to which they are sent and states that the nec? essity for such a rule should be much stronger in preventing diplomatic officer from engaging in speculative mining enterprises. The senator sug? gests that the questions involved in the Mealy case are important, especial? ly as they affect the status of the ambassador to Mexico. A MONUMENT TO MAURY. An article recently appeared in Har? per's Weekly in which allusion was made to the movements in Paris to erect a monument to Lieut. Maury. The Richmond Times copies the article and makes the following very appropriate remarks thereon : In the main the article was very complimentary, but there are one or two expressions which we are unwill? ing to pass unnoticed. We quote: "So far as we are aware, no one has ever proposed a monument to him over here. He seems to have been rather effectually forgotten. Part "of this, no doubt, is due to the fact that Lieut Maury was a Virginian, and when che war broke out forsook the service of the nation to go with his State into ' the Lost Cause. ' When the fighting had ended feeling still ran too high to take back into the service a man who was looked upon by the North, as a traitor, even though he may have done, as Maury did, a geat work." A strange sort of a traitor, to be sure. In those days Southern men believed with all their hearts in the sovereignty of the State, and it was consideed the height of partriotism for a man to be true to his native State. ? Yet this Northern publication says that Lieut. Maury, a Virginian, was I regarded as a traitor because he took sides with Virginia against the invad? ing North. [ Is it possible that any patriotic citizen of a Northern State would think more of Maury if he had desert? ed Virginia in the time of her need and taken up arms against her? Is it possible that the patriotic men of any Northern State would today revere the memory of Robert E. Lee as they do if Lee had drawn his sword against Virginia rather than in her defence? Is it possible that any patriotic citizen of a Northern State today thinks as highly of Gen. Thomas as he does of Lee or Maury? We do not believe it If Lee and Maury were typical traitors, this country would be lucky, indeed, if it were full of traitors. It is stated in Harper's Weekly that no one has ever proposed a monument to Maury on this side of the ocean. That is a mistake. The late Kenton C. Murray, editor of the Norfolk Landmark, time and again urged, through the 'columns of that paper, that a monument be erected to Maury on the Rip Raps at the entrance of Hampton Roads. And there was talk of starting up an association with that purpose in view, but we believe that nothing practical was done. It is high time that a movement was started in Virginia to erect a monu? ment on some suitable spot to that noble man. We believe that his ad? mirers all over this land would liberal ly contribute to such a fund. When you wake np with a had taste tr. your mouth yon may know that you need a uo.-e of Chamberlain's Stomach .t Liver Tablet-.5. They will cleanse your stomach improve your appetite and make vou feel like a new man. They are easj . o take, being sugar coated, and pleasant in effect. For sale by Dr A J China. RELICS OF GIROIMS P?ST. Historic Comer of the Exposi? tion-Fire-Proof Protection Needed. Jas. A. Hoyt, Jr., in The State. The collection of historic records and relics in the southwest corner of the State building has interested many visitors to the Exposition, and there are always sightseers around the cases in which this display is made. It is the first time that South Caroilna has ever attempted to display to illustrate that in which in many respects she is richest, the treasures of .the past. A visitor entering the building is immediately attracted ?O a handsome case containing 15 or 20 battle-scarred Confederate flags, and occasionally when an old veteran sees the colors of his regiment, tears are shed over these precious mementoes. In an adjoining case one of the late pictures of General Hampton occupies a conspicuous position, while imme? diately under it is the original Ordi? nance of Secession, which, next to the Declaration of Independence, is the most notable State paper in existence in the United States. The balance of the space in this case is devoted to some of the choicest relics from the collection of the Wade Hampton Chapter, Daughters of the Confeder? acy of Columbia. This collection in? cludes the battle sword of General Hampton with which many a bloody charge was led. An especial effort has been made to include in this collection articles illustrative of the home manu? factures of the people of the South, and especially the women of the Con? federacy during the dark days cf block? ade and privation. An adjoining case contains distinct? ively the exhibit of State records. These are too numerous for detailed description. Many quaint acts of the General Assembly during the period of the proprietary government are shown. It is notable that one of these provided for the encouragement of ship-building in the province. Among the notable records on display are sev? eral treaties made with the Indians in the early history of the State, and the original record of the charter of the State of Georgia made at the time of the grant of that franchise by His Majesty, King George. In one corner is shown the oldest piece of writing, and probably the oldest article of any kind preserved of the first settlers of the province. It is a record of the proceedings of the colonists one year after the settlement at old Charles Town, which was copied and repro? duced in Rivers' History of South Carolina. It is probable that this record book was brought on the ship which first made a permanent settle? ment on our coast. Indeed, records are shown during the]reigns of Charles II, of England, William and Mary, Queen Anne and the Georges. The quaint old English writing will prove of exceeding interest, even though it be not very intelligible to people of this generation in Carolina. The famous Jackson vase is on dis? play, draped with the flag of the Pal? metto regiment and the flag of a Mexi? can regiment captured in Mexico. One of the medals given survivors of the Palmetto regiment is also shown. In adjoining cases are the old great seals of the State, including the original wafer seal made by order of the Gene? ral Assembly in 1776. The original Ordinance of Nullification is on dis? play, as is also the scabbard of the sword of State with the curious mono? gram "W. M." which some aver to be that of William and Mary of Eng? land. In wing cases on the walls are shown the autographs of many of the pro? prietary governors of the State, and many papers illustrative of the colo? nial history of Carolina, which will repay the careful investigation of stu? dents of history. The "tar and feather" papers col? lected by the late Dr. R. W. Gibbes are strikingly interesting, while auto? graph letters are shown of all the not? able officers of the State during the Revolutionary war, some of which have never been published. Such of the Revolutionary rolls of the State as are in condensed form and can be consulted have been placed in these frames for examination. None of these rolls have been publish? ed. The only roll in existence of Sumter's brigade is on display. This exhibit was collected by Assist? ant Secretary of State J. T. Gantt, at the especial request of the State com? mission, and is exceedingly valuable. It is attractively arranged, oil por? traits of Calhoun, Marion, Sumter, Having a Run on Chamber? lain's Cough Remedy. Between the hours of eleven o'clock a m and closing ?P;" at night on Jan '2~>. 1901, A 1"' Clark, druggist. Glade Spring, Va. gold twelve bottles of Chamberlain's cough remedy, lie says, " I never handled a medicine thai sold better or gave better satisfaction to my customers." This remedy luis boen in general use in Virginia for many years, and the people there are well acquainted with its excellent ou.Mities Many of them have testified to the remark? able cures it has. eflVeud. When you need a good and reliable medicine for a cough or cold or attack of grip, use Cham? berlain's Cough Remedy and you are certain to be moro than pleased with the quick cure it afford?. For sale by Dr A J China. MORE COTTON to the acre at less cost, means more money. More Potash in the Cotton fertilizer improves the soil; increases yield-larger profits. Send for our bock (free) explaining how to get these results. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau St., New York. Ill.IIIMIII I III I lui mi, Moultrie and Pickens forming the decoration of the walls. Miss M. B. DeVeaux, ? bright damsel of Summerville, is in charge of this exhibit and takes pleasure in ex? plaining any of the exhibits to visit? ors. I have expressed in a previous letter the rather general feeling that it is not exactly proper that these invalua? ble relics, which no insurance money can replace, should be put even tempo? rarily in an inflammable building such as all the Exposition buildings are, for they all are mere shells covered with the stuff known as staff. Fire feeds on this staff like a ravenous wolf on a f rseh carcass and a heavy, driving rain beats through it as it would through thin cloth. Yet I am told that the relics are as safe here as in the Secretary of State's office in the capi? tol, for the shelves in which the relics are kept in that office are of pine, and though the building be fire-proof, a conflagration once started within would burn up the' shelves and their precious contents in short order. So that the risk under which the relics are exhibited at the Exposition may serve to convince our legislators of the wisdom of providing an absolutely fire-proof repository for their preserva? tion. If it does this the exhibit will have accomplished more than 'any one intended. One of the most interesting exhibits at the Charleston Exposition is located in the treasury department of the Uni? ted States government exhibt in the colonnade on the west of Cotton Palace. A coining press from the United States mint is daily operated in striking the official medal of the South Caroilna Interstate and West In? dian Exposition. The press is a highly finished machine run by an electric motor at a speed of 90 revolutions per minute, each revolution stamping a medal which is the size of a $20 gold piece. The design represents the figure of Liberty standing on the globe ; emblems of trade and com? merce are typified by a railway train and rice-field ; ships and a light house are seen in the harbor. The reverse side is covered with a well defined in? scription of the Exposition; a wreath suggests the staple products of the State-cotton and corn. The medal is a very attractive piece of metal work and is for sale where it is stamp? ed, and is readily exchanged for a quarter of the current coin of the ? United States. As a souvenir of the Exposition, this beautiful coin is one of the nicest mementoes that visitors can take away with them to remind them of the glories of the magnificent government exhibits at this Exposition. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind YOB Have Always Bought Bears the fa? V/&ZT\ j* Signatare of (*9V&$/j?7&Z3U#? WANTED-Hickory, Dogwood and Persimmon Logs. SOUTHESK HABDWOOD COMPANY, Charleston, S. C. nov 20 4m Tie Lamest ari Host Collete Establishment M Geo. S. Hacker & Son, -MANUFACTURERS OF DOORS, 3AS?, BLINDS, Moulding & Building Material. ?jffici and Wirerooma, King, apposite Caa noa Street, CHARLESTON, S. C, jSS*" Parchas? our make, which we gu?rante SHp.'rior to any sold South, and thereby save money. Window ac d Paney Glass a Specialty October 16-o