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MDA?S MHT. AMERICANS LOSE MANY MEN. Washington, July 1 r-Tbe signal office has received the fol io wi og from one of its officers at the front : "American troops driving Spanish troops back Wounded being brought io right alorg." i, SPANISH FORCED TO RETRAT Si boney, July 1, 3 30 p. m., via Plays Del Este. Guantanamo Bay. At 1 o'clock this afternoon, after five boors terrific fighting, the Spanish began to leave their entrenchments and retreat into tbe city. Many Americans wepe wounded aod are being brought in. One man had both a -ms shot off and waa wounded io the hip, bot was laughing. OUR L03S ESTIMATED AT 500 KILLED AND WOUNDED. Playa Dei Este. Gqantaaomo Bay, Joly 1 (evening).-The fightiog con tinned until dark. Oar forces carried the enemy's oater works and have occupied them this evening. The battle wiil probably be re6um ed at daybreak. Tho American loss is heavy. Some estimates place it at five hundred killed and wonnded. SHAFTE? SENDS THE OFFI CIAL NEWS Washington, Joly 2 -The war de partment has received the following from Gen. Shifter, dated at S?boney J "Ead a very heavy engagement to-day which lasted from 8 a m. till sandown We have carried their oater works and are now in posses sion of them ? "There is now about three quar? ters of a roiie of opeaing between ? my lines and tbfe city. By morning -troops will be entrench^and consid? erable augmentation of furces^will be there. "Gen. Lawton's division aod Gen. Bates' brigade have been engaged all day in carrying El Canty, which was accomplished at 4 p. m _ :**W?Ube in line and in front of Santiago during the Dight "I regret to say that our casual fees wit! be above 400. Of these not many killed. (Signed) "SHAFTER," . SOME DANGERS OF T?E SITUATION. Off .Santiago de Coba, Jane 30, 2 p. m., by the Associated Press Dis 1 patch Beat Wanda*. Filed at Port Antonio, Jamaica, July L 8 a m - A two days' visit to the Cuban lines and outposts by a correspondent of the Associated Press bas developed a situation, which if not broken by a vigorous and successful attack on Santiago may result in causing much more serious work than has been an? ticipated with thc Spanish forces that have retired from the vicinity of Azerraderos on the west and Bai qairi on the east to join Gen. Li? nares. The forces in* Santiago and within the fortified defenses of the city now number 11,000-7,000 regulars and 4,000 volunteers. Concerning the later. the Cubans allege that they will not fight with any heart, but will lay down their guns According to Spanish soldiers captured yesterday and held in the camp of Gen. Perez, sear G a an tao om o half of the force of men on the Spanish warships has been landed with all the rapid-fire guns This would make a total force in the city of 12,000 men, in addition to the protection from the earthworks and forts and the assist? ance of the ships in the harbor. To meet this force, or at least to j invade its stronghold, the American ? commanders now have 17,500 men and 4,000 Cubans-the latter to pre vent, if possible, fiank movements at the expense of the Americans. Now here is the dangerous and most sig? nificant feature of the situation Marching from Manzanillo, 120 miles west of Santiago, and having been on the road for six days, and quite well advanced now ic his progress is Gen Pando with seven battalions, ag- j gregating 8,400 men. To oppose j bim is Gen Jesus Rabi* with a force of 2,200 Cubans, lying in wait 17 miles from Santiago and on two roads j Of course it would be perfectly possible for Gen Pando to take his column far to the north and make a junctiou with the Spanish troops sup posed to be on the way from Hol guin, and numbering, it is said, 9,000 men. This advance from the north is being held in check by abouti, 500 Cubans under Gen Castillo, who claims to bold the passes. Gen. Castillo admitted in camp yesterday, as he smoked his cigar and sipped his coffee, that bis meth? od was to do Indian fighting in the mountain passes When he was asked what his forces would do if flanked, gravely said he had not thought about that, but he supposed he would have to retire The object of the Spanish advancing from Man? zanillo may be to elude Rabi, and by eff-cting a juDCtion with the Spanish fiotn the north to form an army of 17,400 men. As a flank on the west end of the American army facing the city, Gen. Rabi's forces combined with those of Gen. Castillo would only give a combating force of 3,700 Cubans, and tbe Cubans do not hesi tate to ron . before overwhelming numbers. Nor is this all that menaces Leav ing Guantanamo camp of marines and plunging into the road to the west, the Associatea Press correspondent found a force of 800 Cubans under command of Col .ferez This force bad variously been otimated at from 1,200 io 2*500 Cubans; but there were certainly not more than 800, as Col Perez admitted in conversation, although he had distinctly claimed to have about 2,000 men. This force of 800 ia supposed to be keeping at bay 3,400 Spanish troops who are in the town of Guantanamo The marines are near this camp, but to the east of it, so that they could do nothing to prevent the Spaniards from moving to the west on the flank of the Amer? ican army. In other words there are to the northeast and west of the army of invasion flanking forces of Spaniards comprising over 20.000 troops, held at bay by less than 5,000 Cubans, whose fighting qualities are as yet rather enigmatical In an interview with Gen Garcia, the correspondent called attention to this situation Gen Garcia replied: 4 I believe we should be left to the west and North to prevent Pando making a junction with Linares We can do thajt." lu spite of this warning, Gen Gar cia and his force were taken to the east and ianded with the army, only to te transported in part back again to prevent the very movement which Garcia had predicted The solution of the difficulty evidently lies iu a brilliant and quick attack The unreliability of tbe Cuban statements as to force may be better understood when it is known .hat the 1,200 men Perez promised to send to help the marines numbered exactly 82, of whom 21 are on the sick list from overeating; STATUS ON THE EVE OF THE FIGHT. Gen. Lawton's Headquarters, Rio Gnana, Thursday, June 30, p m., Port Antonio, Jamaica, July, 1 8 p m-Daylight to morrow (Friday) will ?ee a movemeot of tbe fifth division, ander Gea. Lvwton, to a oew base north and east of Saotiago. Ali this morning Geo. Garcia's Cubans have been mo vi og from their hill camp on the east and have been passing head? quarters almost at s jog trot. Assuming that 4,000 will be de? ployed on the northeast, cao the Ameri advance is one mass ot net, which is now drawing closer around the doomed city Geo Liwtoo and his command will first take Caney. A slight skirmish is expected, but nothing serious, the captured paoificos al! alleging that the Spanish m ai o force, wbi sb was bere four days ago, bas now been withdrawn to Santiago, tn pursuaoce of the general pian of concentration. Spies report Geo. Linares' contin? uons retreat from Baiqaiii Santiago. This plao is said to be much against his own wishes, bat to be forced upon him by bis superior officer, Gen Toral, commanding at Santiago. It is evident the Spanish stand is to he made inside the strong eotrench mente about the city With well armed meo, eager for a fiaai clash, this siat:d might well be depperate. The temper of the Spaniards is bard to sscertaio. Owing to the Cubans bi ased estimate of Spaeth ability, they predict a merely nominal resistance, but the Americans thick otherwise At any rate.the Spacish are eating horses aod the civilians are gathering man? groves in a suburban wood, where some 20 have been captured by the American patrol. . The Spaniards have, iherefore, tbs spur cf hunger. Wheth* er it bas broken their fighting spirit a few days may tell. The capture of Caney and possibly the occupation of the commanding plateau is now thought to be the limit of to morrow's movement. Geo. Law ton'*? command carries provisions suffi? cient to last uotil July 4 With thc pre?eot supply train service continuing without any accident be will easily have enough food to last to July 12 By that time, aocordiog to one well informed officer, and perhaps soooer, Saotiago will be taken This move of the fifth divisioo will completely torn the Spanish eastern flank. Geo. Keot's command will be able to move up parallel to its present position, actiog as a wall against the horde of Spaniards from three strong lines south aod east Should a serious effort be rn?de to prevent Gen L*w too's gaining tho desired plateau and the Spanish interior force thereby be weakened, Gen Kent, and Gen. Wheeler may be throwo forward and a general engagement be precipitated. A large detail has been ar. work all day improving a military road to Caney with a view of landing artillery aod thc supplies for the other force outtiog through the woods pirrallel to old Santiago road. It is also possible that this opening may bring the siege goos inland from the railway that is now working up the coas: io the hands of our troops. The ooodition of the American troops is excellent. The men are foil of snap aod eager for the big fight. Io prepa? ration fur the fio al assault upon San tia go 60 tried men io each brigade, non commissioned officers and privates have been promoted to be wire clippers, ?od j they will precede the first firing line about 200 or 300 yards for the purpose of cutting the barbed G JIM fences of obstruotioo to the way to the city. Their mission is a most hazardous one, as they will be exposed to the fire of our men as well as that of the coeoay The pac?ficos who have been brought into the American camp during the last few days are in a pitiable condition Men. women and cV.'-dreo are absolutely starviog. and they welcome Amtrioan shelter. \ Geo. Shaffer has established bis headquarters with Gen Lawton aud to day hoisted the corps fUg. To day the signal corp* used observation hallooes, obtaining a perfect view of the Spanish entrenchments, the city and the har? bor. THE OFFICIAL NEWS CONCERNING THE SIT ? A?ION OF OUR FORCES. Washington, July 3 -The follow? ing statement was to-night given ont at the White House : "Gen. Shafter telegraphs : 'Playa del Este, July 3 -Early this morning I sent a demand for the immediate surrender of Santiago, threatening to bombard the city I believe the place wiil be surrender ed In addition to the splendid work accomplished by Admiral Sampson, Gen. Shafter, in command of the land forces before Santiago, had so far pro grossed in the carrying ont of bis plans for the reduction of that city, that at 10:30 yesterday morning he demanded the immediate surrender of the Spanish forces At 4:30 yesterday afternoon Gen Shafter's demand had not been complied with, so far as the war officials here were able to ascertain. That the demand will be complied with, however, Gen Shafter fully believes, aud that the Stars and Stripes will on this Fourth of July be raised over the former capital of Coba is regarded as practically certain During the almost continuous con? flict of Friday and Saturday, reports show that the Spanish fleet did awful execution by sheiling the American troops It is regarded as unlikely that with the fleet lying in the bay, Gen Shaffer's forces would have been able to safely occupy Santiago After the reduction and capture of the oater defenses of the city by Gen Shafter, it became necessary that Admiral Cervera'a fleet be eliminated from the occasion Its elimination was executed by Admiral Sampson, tnu6 leaving the way opeu for the continued advance of Shafter's troops upon the city. Shortly after 12 o'clock this morn ing Assistant Secretary of the Navy Allen left the White House hastily and going directly to the department posted the bulletin from Lieut Co! Allen The information contained in the statement was received early in the evening, but it was not tnnounced officially until several hours Uter As a result of its receipt, however, a conference, of prominent officials, was held at the White House imme? diately. Those present at the con ference. besides the President, were Vice President Hobart. Secretary Day, Secretary Long, Geu Alger, Postmaster Gen Smith, Gen Miles, Adjutant Gen Corbin, Gen Guy V Henry and Senator Hanna. The io formation was discussed in ail its phases The news sent by both Gen Shafter and Lieut Col Alleu was re ceived with intense satisfaction. It was taken to indicate not only that Admiral Sampson had accomplished magnificently the task to which he had been set. but it also clearly proved that Gen Shafter was in a much stronger position "than the war officials had been led to believe he held. One of the officials who at tended the conference said, after the news had been officially announced, that it very materially modified the seriousness of the situation The de? struction of the fleet, which was not confirmed until a few minutes be fore the news was given to the pub lie, removes by far the most serious obstacle to the occupation of Santia go by the American land forces Details of the destruction of Cer vera's fleet have not been received, at this writing, by either the war or navy departments Whether Samp son's ships entered the harbor and there attacked and annihilated the Spanish squadron or whether Cervera made a deperate dash past the sunken Merrimac to the ocean beyond in the liOpe that he might be abie to save at least a part of his fleet, has not been officially ascertained Adj. Gen. Corbin voiced the feel jugs of every one of the officials when he said : "I don't care how the fleet was de stroyed It was destroyed That is enough for me. It is great news for the Fourth of July " The fleet of Admiral Cervera was one of the finest Spain possessed Three of the vesseis. the Almirante Oquendo. the Vizcaya, and the Cris tobal Colon were modern armored cruisers of the first class. The Viz? caya was of 7.000 tons displacement, 1 340 feet long, and heavily armored. I her belt armor being 12 inches in ! thickness and her decfc aimoted three I inches Her main armament consist ! ed of two ll inch, ten 5 5 inch Hon I toria guns. She carried six torpedo i tubes, waa capable of a speed rate of twenty knots and her complement was 500 men. The Almirante Oquendo was in al? most every respect a duplicate of the Vizcaya. The Cristobal Colon has displace ment of 6,840 tons and was 328 feet long. She had six inch armor, both at the water line and at the gun posi tion and 1 5 inch armor on her deck Her main armament cousisted of ;wo 10 inch, ten 6 inch rapid fire guns, six 4.7-inch and four torpedo tubes. She was capable of a speed of twen ty knots and carried a^omplement of 450 men. Of the regaining vessels of tne fleet the Furor and Terror were torpedo boat destroyers and the Reina Mercedes was an old vessel that was sunk a short time ago by a shell from Sampson's fleet The Ter ror was not with the fleet at Santiago, but is supposed to be at San Juan, Porto Rico, undergoing repairs made necessary by an eucounter with the St Paul a few days ago. In addition to the above mentioned vessels there were two torpedo boats and a collier in the Spanish fleet orignally Whether the collier was at Santiago or not is not known Shaftei's Official Report. Washington. Juiy 3 -This mes? sage was received to-day : Playa del Esie, July 3. Secretary of War, Washington : Camp near Sevilla. Cuba, July 3 We have the town weli invested on the north and east, but with a verv * mt thin line. Upon approaching it we find it of 6uch a character and the defenses so strong it will be impossi ble to carry it by storm with my present force. Our losses up to date wiil aggregate a thousand, but list has not yet been made But little sickness outside of exhaustion from intense heat and exertion of the bat tie of the day before yesterday and the almost constant fire which is kept up on the trenches Wagon road to the rear is kept up with some diffi? culty on account of rains, bat I will be able to use it for the present. Gen WTheeler is seriously ill and will probably have to go to the rear today Gen Young also very ill; confined to his bed Gen Hawkins slightly wounded in foot Daring sortie made by enemy last night which was handsomely ie pulsed. The behavior of the troops was magnificent. Gen. Garcia reported he holds the railroad from Santiago to San Luis and has burned a bridge and remov? ed some rails, also that Geo Pando has arrived at Palma and that the French consul with about 400 French citizens came into his line yesterday from Santiago Have directed him to'treat them with every courtesy possible Shafter, Major General. Spanish Generals Both Wounded. Madrid,' July 3, 4 p m -Private ?iep-uches from Santiago give the fol? lowing details : "Geo. Shafter's army, composed of 17,000 infantry and 82 siege guns of various calibre, attacked the SpaDish positions before Santiago. G.000 rebels under Garcia assisting them. The Spaniards bad only 2,000 men. partly volunteers "Oar troops fought with heroic courage. Tho battle lasted three hours and the Spanish were then compelled to abandon the trenches and to fall back on Santiago. The retreat was conducted io perfect order. "Our losses were heavy and the eoeoiy's were enormous The list of our wouoded ioclades Geo Linares. Col. Ordooez aod Major? Amadrid aod Arraiz, the latter beiog Gen. Linares' aide do camp. "The American attack upon El Caney was very severe, The position was defended by Gen. Vera de Roy, with 500 men. The enemy was at first repulsed, but ultimately renewed the attack." A later dispatch says : "The Americans fought eight agsinst one. The Spaniards defended them? selves heroically. "Our wouoded are numerous, in? cluding Gao. Vera de R?y aod Major D >tniogu>z. "The struggle ia becoming diffiaulr. 2.000 Spanish having to meet 25.000 nf the eunony." ??ni i i - MEMORABLE INDEED. Loodoo, July 4 -The Daily News remark?: *'The preheat 4'h uf July will be memorable Events oeem to be rending to a fulfillment.of the remark? able prophecy Capt. Mahaa made in 1890, that when thc United Skates once bpgaa to busy itself with rhe affairs ot the world, it would streich ou' its hand* to Great Britaio." The '-White" rani* light. Toe "White' sews right. The White is king ot Sewir-g Vachiups. The ''Wh:re'; if thc- pride of home. Base Ball Guides for 1893 for sale by H G. Osieen k Co . 10 cents each ; bj mail, 2 cents additiocal for postage. THE STORY OF SPANISH RUIN. j I How Cervera's Fleet Was Annihilated. A BOLD DASH TO ESCAPE MET BY DEATH AND DESTRUCTION. SCHLEY'S FLYING SQUADRON PURSUED FLEEING SPAN? IARDS AND NONE ESCAPE. Washington. July 4 -secretary of the navy has received the follow? ing : "Sibooey, Joly 3, via Hayti, 3:15 a. m., Joly 4. "To the Secretary of tbe Navy : "Thc fleet ander my command offers the nation as a Fourth of July present tbe destruction of the whole of Ger vera's ftaet. It attempted to escape at 9:30 a. a , and at 2 p m. the last, the Cristobal Coloo had ruo ashore 60 miles west of Santiago and bas let down ber colors The Infanta Maria Teresa, Oquendo and Vizcaya were forced ashore, burned aod blown up withio 20 miles of Santiago Tbe Furor and PlutoD were destroyed within four mile? of tbe port. Loss one killed and two wonoded Eaemy's Inss probably several hundred killed from gun fire, explodions and drowning. About 1 300 prisoners, includiog Ad? miral Cervera. The man killed was George H Eilis, chief yeoman of the Brooklyn. "SAMPSON " Ten Miles West of the Entrance cf the Harbor of Santiago de Cuba, Sun? day. July 3, 4 p. m., by the Asso? ciated Press Dispatch Boat Wanda to Port Antonio, Jai , Monday Morning. July 4, via Kingston, July 4, 4:45 a. m -Admiral Cervera's fleet, coo fisting of the armored cruisers Cris? tobal Ooloo, Almiraote Oqueodo, Io faota Maria Tersea and Vizcaya, and two torpedo boat destroyers, the Furor aod the Plutoo, which bad been held in the harbor of Santiago de Coba foi six weeks past by tbe combined tquad of Rear Admiral Sampson and Commo? dore Schley, lies today at the bottom of tbe Caribbean sea, off the southern coast of Coba. The Spanish admiral is a prisoner of war on the auxiliary gunboat Gieu renter (formerly J. Pierpoint Morgan's yacht Corsair) and 1,000 to 1,500 Spanish officers aod sailors, ali wiao esoaped the frightful carnage caused by shells from thc American warships are also held as prisoners of war by the United States Davy. Tbe Spaniards, wheo they found they would be permitted to live, adapted themselves comfortably to the situation, rolled their cigarettes and began play? ing cards among themselves. The American victory is complete and according to the best information obtainable at this time the American vessels ?ere practially untouched and ody one man was killed, though the ships were subjected to the heavy fire of the Spaniards all the time tbe battle lasted. Admiral Cervera made as gallant dash for liberty and for the preserva tion of his ships this morning as bas ever occurred io tbe history of oaval warfare. Io the face of overwhelming odds, with ootbiog before bim bot inevitable destructioo or surreoder, if he remained any longer in the trap io which the American fleet held him, bs made a bold dash from the harbor at the time the Americans least ex peoted him to do so, aod fightiog every icch of bis way, even wben bis ship was ablaze and sinking, be tried to escape tbe doom wbich was written on tbe muzzle of every American gun trained apoo his vessels Tbe Americans saw him the mcment he left the barber and commenced their j work of destruction immediately For an hour or two they followed the flying Spaniards to the westward along the shore line, sending shot after shot ?D?O their blazing hulls, tearing great holes io their steel sides and covering their decks with thc blood of the killed and wounded. At oo time did the Spaniards show I any indications that they iotended to do j otherwise than fight to the last They showed no signals to sorreoder even j I when their ship"? commeooed to Muk : and th? great clouds of smoke pouring j from their sides showed they wereoi- 6r?. ? But they turned their vereis toward ! ?bc shore, lo>s than a miic away, and : ran them on the beach and rocks, where | their destruction was soon completed | The < ffi >ers and men on board ihcv ' escaped to the shore S6 well as they could, wirb tb* assistance of boats scot j from ?he American men of war * nd threw themselves upon tho mercy of their cap tors, who not only extended to them the gracious hand of American ; Chivalry, but send them a guard to : protect them from the murderous bands of Cuban soldiers hiding in the bush on the hillside, eager tc rush down and attack the unarmed, defeat . ed, but valorous foe One after an other the Spanish ships became the victims of the awful rain of shells which the American battleships. : cruisers and gunboats poured upon them, and two hours after the fiist of. the fleet had started out of Santiago. ! their cruisers and two torpedo boats wpre lyin^ on the shore, 10 to 15 miles of Morro castle, pounded to pieces, emoke and Aime pouring from every part of them and covering the entire coast line with a mist which could be 6een for miles Heavy explosions of ammunition occurred every few minutes, sending curls of dense white smoke a hundred feet in the air and causing a shower of broken iron and steel to fall in the water on every side The bluffs on the coast line echoed with the roar of every explosion and the Spanish vessels sank deeper and deeper into the sand cr else the rocks ground their hulls to pieces as they rolled or pitched forward or sideways with every wave that washed upon them from the open sea. Admiral Cervera escaped to the shore in a boat sent by the Gloucester to the assistance of the Infanta Maria Teresa and as soon as he touched the beach he surrendered himself and his command to Lieut Morton and asked to be taken on board the Gloucester, which was the only American vessel near him 8t the time with several of his officers, including the captain of the flagship. The Spanish admiral, who was wounded in the arm. was taken to the Gloucester and was received at the gangway by ber commander, Lieut Commander Richard Wain? wright, who grasped the hand of the gray bearded admiral and said to him : "I congratulate you, sir, upon hav ing made as gallant a fight as was ever witnessed on the sea." Lieut. Commander Wainwright then placed his cabin at the disposai of the Spanish officers. At tba- time the Spanish flagship and four other Spanish vessels had been aground and burning for two hours, and the only one of the escap? ing fleet which could ,not be seen at I this point was the Cristobal Colon. But half 8 dozen curls of smoke far down on the western horizon showed the fate that was awaiting her The Cristobal Colon was the fastest of the Spanish ships and she soon obtain? ed a lead over the others after leav? ing the harbor and escaped the effect of the shots which destroyed the other vessels. She steamed away at great speed with the Oregon, New York, Brooklyn and several oth^r ships in pursuit, all of them firing at her constantly and receiving fire themselves from her after guns. There was no possibility whatever for her escape, and while her fate is not definitely known at this hour, it can be readily imagined from the words of Capt. Evans of the Iowa, who returned from the westward with 340 prisoners from the Vizcaya just as tbe Associated Press dispatch boat was leaving the Spanish flagship. In answer to an inquiry, he shout? ed through the megaphone: "I left the Cristobal Colon far to the west? ward an hour ago and the Oregon we~ giving her hell She has un? doubtedly gone down with the others and we will have a Fourth of July celebration ia Santiago to morrow Capt. Evans, who bad been in the thick of the engagement up to the time be took the Viscaya'6 officers and crew from the shore, said that to the best of his knowledge not one American ship had been struck The torpedo boat Ericsson, which also returned ftoai the westward at about the same time, made a similar report, saying it was believed that ?no man "was injured on board the j American ships, though another re ! pert had it that one man was killed on board the Brooklyn, which could not be vetified as this dispatch was sent SPANISH LOSS FEARFUL j There was no means of telling now ? what the Spanish loss was, but it was \ believed to have been very heavy, 89 t the prisoners in custody report their decks strewn with dead and wound? ed in great numbers, and besides there is a statement that many bodies could be seen fastened to pieces of wjeckage floatiog in the sea after the fight was over. A large nnmber of the Spanish wounded was removed to the American ships There can be no doubt that Admi? ral Cervera's plan to escspe from Santiago harbor was entirely unex? pected by Admiral Sampson, and the best evidence of this is the fact that when the Spanien vessels were seen coming out of the harbor, the flag? ship New York was seven miles away steaming to the eastward to? ward Juragua, the military base, nine miles east of Morro But she immediately put about and followed the other vessels in the race to the westward and overtook them in time to join in the chase for the Cristobal Colon after the other Span? ish vessels had been deft toyed by the Brooklyn, the Oregon, Iowa, Massachusetts, indiana, Texas, Glou? cester and other ships of the fleet. P*EP0ST OF LOSSES AND PRIS OtfEES CAPTURES. Washington. July 5 -Gen. Shaffer reports to the war department that he ba? two thousand Spanish prisoners, captured io tbe last few days battiez The total American los? is one hun? dred and fifty killed aod four hundred wounded Spanish los* is nine bun- * dred killed, ene thousand wsunded and two thousand captured Admiral Sampson reports that the American fi^et had but one mao killed and sixteen wnuoded. none seriously. He captured sixteen hundred prisoners .