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C|i ttjjatM aus) ^oiiiijron. S_J_) _ WEDNESDAY, JUNtf 16, 1897. LIVE QUESTIONS. A Series of Articles Contributed by Advanced JTh inkers. A FUNL>AM \T L. "QUESTION - THE WRONGS OF TAXATION. "By Frederick 31. Cmed en. Public libra rian, St. Louis. V. Naturally nothing came cf this book. It was published at a time when the battle for political liberty had not been "won and when personal serfdom was tolerated in the freest countries of the "World. But nearly SO years before the publi cation of "Progress and Poverty" one of the most eminent philosophers of this century, the.apostle of extreme individ ualism, published in his "Social Statis tics" a brief argument against the right of private ownership of land, which is absolutely irrefutable. It is based on, the promise, wijjch I think no one will call in question, that "every man may claim the fullest liberty to exercise his faculties compatible with the possession of like liberty by every other man." The first deduction he makes from this "first principle" is the equal right to life and personal liberty, and the second the equal right to the use of the earth. These conclusions fellow so directly from the premise that demonstration seems superfluous. There is not time to repeat bis ten pages of argument, in ?which he meets all the objections that have been urged,, but let me quote a few of the positive expressions that embody his conclusions: "For if each 'has freedom to do all that he wiljs provided he infringes not the equal freedom o"f any other,' then each is free to use the earth for the sat isfaction of his wants, provided he al lows all others the same liberty. And conversely it is manifest that no ono or part of them may use the earth in such a way as to prevent the rest from sim ilarly using it, seeing that to do this is to assume greater freedom than the rest and consequently to break the law. " "Equity, therefore, does not permit property in land. " On the subject of compensation to landowners, which he admits to be a difficult adjustment, he says: "Men having got themselves into the dilemma by disobedience of the law (of equal rights) must get out of it as well as they caz., and with as little injury to the landed class as may be. " "Meanwhile we shall do well to recollect that there are others besides the landed class to be considered. In our tender regard for the vested inter ests of the few let us not forget that the rights of the many are in abeyance and must remain so as long as the earth is monopolized by individuals. Let us remember, too, that the injustice thus inflicted on the mass of mankind is an injustice of the gravest nature. The fact that is not so regarded proves nothing. In farly phases cf civilization even homicide is thought lightly of. The suttees of India, together with the prac tice elsewhere followed of sacrificing a hecatomb of human victims at the burial of a chiefs shows this, and prob ably cannibals consider the slaughter cf those whom 'the fortune of war' has made their prisoners perfectly justifi able. It was once also universally sup posed that slavery was a natural and quite legitimate institution-n condi tion into which some were born and to which they ought to submit as to a di vine ordination. Nay, indeed a great proportion cf mankind holds this opin ion still. A higher social development, however, has generated in us ai better faith, and we now to a considerable ex tent recognize the claims of humanity. But our civilization is only partial. It may by and by be perceived that equity utters dictates to which we have net yet listened, and man may then leam that to deprive others of their rights to the use of the earth is to commit a crime infe rior only in wickedness to the crime of taking away their lives or personal lib erties." ' I have given this much space to the argument of Herbert Spencer because he is recognized as a great philosopher commanding the respectful attention of many who regard Henry George as an anarchist, and especially because. Spen cer's support of the idea shows that there is no communism or socialism about it. He is on the lookout for that charge and meets it in these words: ' 'But to what does this doctrine, that men are equally entitled to the use of' the earth, lead? Must we return to the times of uninclosed wilds and subsist on roots, berries and game, or are we to be left to the management of Messrs. Fourier, Owen, Louis Blanc? Neither. Such a doctrine is consistent with tho highest state of civilization, ma3r be car ried oct without involving a commu nity of goods and need cause no very se rious revolution in existing arrange ments." It is difficult to prove a self evident j truth. If any one were to deny that j twice two are four, I could only give him ! visual illustrations cf the fact, and if 1 he still denied it or admitted it only in . the particular cases I adduced and quos- j tioned it in all others I should be at a j loss how to proceed. On the present j question I might multiply illustrations ! and give detailed explanations, but all | would be but the amplification cf what j seemed to me self evident truths or prop- j csitioas as unquestionable as the theo- ! rems of Euclid. - SOME UNPLEASANT INDICATIONS SN RELIGIOUS CIRCLES. We are so anxious to see religion kept ! pure and undefiled- believing that re- | gion is the question of the greatest concern and that the weal or woe of the race is bound up with religion-that wo see any abandonment of its principles with anxiety. But it is well enough to point to these indications of decadence, i that their results may be avoided. It is not assuring thar, Dr. C. C. Hall was so j vigorously attacked ca being elected to i the presidency of [Inion Theological ; seminary. Such narrowness is founded j wholly upon a misconception or the ac . scuce cf any conception at all. The at j tempt cn the par cf a few prop-o cf : small knowledge' to "muzzle" certain i college professors and preachers i rap idly making many wise and gcod peo : pie suspect the uriihy ct theological ! schools and partisan religionists. About ! 90 per cent cf thc mest intelligent preachers regret that they studied the ology, as they know that it unfits them for the real duties cf life. There is a theology that is helpful, but it is rarely taught in cur schools. Mr. Moody's as sailing Dr. Lyman Abbott ii: the way he did is net in tho interest of either re ligion or scholarship. Fortunately the educated and thinking people of the country are not looking to Zvtr. 2.Icody for instructions, because they know that; he has not one single claim to scholar ship; he has studied in a learned way nothing; he cannot give a critical defi nition of a single word, or a critical exposition cf a single sentence in Eng lish or any'Ctlier language, hence his statements ^n The Independent are j worthless, and. that paper, in spite of | its unusual conservatism, "refcuked the ! madness cf the prophetv Another unfavorable indication is the ambition cf a few eastern. preachers to become the president's pastor. This is very unseemly and is not much akin to that spirit who said, ' 'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth." A minister cf Jesus should follow Jesus. Another unfavorable tendency is a reck less handling of statistics. First, we are given, as evidence of the genuineness of a preachers work, the number of con verts lie makes, the number of people who hear him preach and the number of dollars he'raises. To the thoughtful man these are evidences of nothing but pride. Our foreign secretaries in the midst of an unprecedented financial panic are urging us to take up the usual large collection for foreign missions. Yea, they even ask us to increase them. Has any foreign missionary or secretary or treasurer cut down his salary volun tarily? "When most of us laymen are liv ing on half as much as is our wont, these gentlemen, who are supposed to be patterns of piety, ought to set noble examples of self sacrifice. We are not opposed to religious missions, but they ought to be conducted on a reasonable basis. These are some of the unfavorable tendencies that are to be fioted, and they indicate that there is yet much to do within the church to secure that lofty living that its founder designed it to set forth. There is a kind of church that is always welcome-the church of the meek and lowly, the church of the righteous and faithful. Such churches will doubtless increase. During the year just passed 131 per sons were lynched, of whom 122 were in the south and 9 in the north. Of the lynched all were men except one. Eigh ty were negroes and 51 whites. Of the odium of lynchings Louisiana has to bear the greatest share, as more people were put to djpath through this method than in any other state, no less than 25 persons in Louisiana having been ush ered out of existence in this informal way. _ W. T. Stead is doing a noble work in the publication of the Masterpiece libra ry, consisting of -the Penny Poets, Pen ny Popular Novels and Books For the Bairns and Penny Prose Classics. This is a most noble enterprise, and every community should make good use of the opportunity to put this cheap, good lit erature into the hands of the young. The late Professor E. Lucas cf Paris was one of the greatest, of mathemati cians. He reached a very sensible con clusion after years of experience-that the common methods of teaching arith metic are "funereal" and result in the "interment" of the mind. Why take Johnson's Chill t Fever Tonic? Because it cures the most stubborn case of Fever in ONE DA Y, Cinco C prara re maae by a ti rm with 47 years' ?xperience 8nd a leputaiion for fir.'t j class goods only. Sold io Sumter exclusive j ly by K. G. <teen & Co Well Satisfied pith Apr's Hair Vigor, j ""Nearly forty years ago, after | some weeks of sickness, my hair j turned gray. 1 began using Ayer's j Hair Vigor, and was so well satis- j fied with the results that I have ! never tried any oilier kind of dress- I hig. lt requires only an occasional appli- i caiion of. AVER'S Hair Vigor to keep my hair of good color, to remove dandruff, to heal itching humors, and prevent Hie hair from failing out. 1 never hesi tate lo recommend A yer's medicines t -:: yfrlerals.',-^ :-s.'lI.M.I .\i(;i!T, Avoca. Nebr. air vigor PrcparN! by Dr. J.C. Ayer S: Co., Lowell, lia?.. Take Acer's Sarsaparilla (:.* iha Ccmplexlcn atlantic Coast Line. Manchester xtgssfe Jailroad. CONDENSED SCHEDULE In e3ec* JaLi: rr 19, c ? . TRAINS GOING SOUTH Lv Lv Ar Lv Ar Lv Ar Ar Darlington. Elliot:. Sumter, Suinter, Creston. Creston, Rregoa ia, Graogebnrg, Desmark, Ne. * b. i.. K. 4 30 5 22 5 47 6 0 A. M. 40 O', 45 15 TRAINS GOING NORTH. No. j t A. J . Lv Denmark, Lv Orangeburg, Lv PreguK Is: Ar Creston, L* Creston, Ar Sumter, Lv Sumter, Ar Elliott. Ar Darlington 10 CO 3 50 55 7 40 8 30 ? u No. 32 P. U, 4 55 5 25 5 47 b 40 P. H. *Dai y. jDaily except Suena?. Trains 50 and 51 carr- thronen Pullmat Palace Buffet Sleeping Cara between Ne* York and Atlanta via Augusta. T. M. EMERSON, H. M. EMERSON, Traffie Manager A ss* i Gen. Pass. Act J. R. KEN LY. Gen'I Manazer Atlantic Coast Line.S WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA AND AUG S TA RAILROAD. CONDENSED SCHEDULE. TRAINS GOING SOUTH. Dated Maj 16, 1S96 |No.55. I/eave Wilmington Leave Marion Arrive Florence Leave Florence Arrive Sumter Leave Sumter Arrive Columbia P.M. ?3 40 6 40 7 25 I P. M. I A.M. \ *7 40j *3 35 9 21 4 40 No.52. A.M. .9 35 10 55 No.51. P. M. 9 15 I 10 35 No. 52 runs through from Charleston ia Central R. R., leavjng Lanes 8 26 a. m., Man tiing 9 05 a. m. TRAINS GOING NORTH. Leave Columbia Arrive Samte Leave Sumter Arrive Florence Leave Florence Leave Marion Arrive Wilmington No.54 A.* .5 50 7 12 A. M. 7 15 8 25 A.M. 8 55 1 9 34 12 15 No.53. P.M. ?5 15 6 35 No.50. P.M. .6 45 7 55 .Daily, fDaily except Sunday. No. 53 runs through to Charleston, S. C., via Central R. R., arriving Manning 7 10 p. m., Lanes 7 48 p m., Charleston 9 30 p. m. Trains on Conway Branch laave Chad bourn 10 40 a. m., arrive at Conway way 1 00 p. m., returning leave Conway ai 2 45 p. m., ' -ive Chadbourn 5 15 p. nr, teavo Cbadboarn 5 frO p m., arrive at Hub ai 6 20 p. m., returning (eave Hub 8 30 a. m. arrive at Chadbourn 9.15 a. m. Daily ex oept Sunday. JOHN F. DIVINE, Qen'l Supt. J. KENLY, Gen'l Manager. T.. M. EMERSON. TraCPc Manager OMo BiYer & Charleston Rsilway Co SAMUEL HUNT, Agent for Purchaser. In e ect May 5, 1897. CAROLINAS DIVISION. NORTHBOUND.-(Daily except Sunday.) ?No. 33. No. il. Lv Camden. Lv Kershaw. Lv Lancaster. Lr Catawba Junction Ar Rock Hill. Lv Rook Hill. Lv Yorkville. Ar Blncksbarg. Lv lacksburg . Lv Patterson Springs. Lv Shelby . Lv Rotherfordton. Ar Marion... 2 00 2 45 3.25 4 00 4.30 4 30 5.05 6.20 p m p m p m p m p m p m p m p m ll 8 10 a u 8.40 9.10 10 50 12.20 a m a m a m p m SOUTH BOUND.-(Daily except Sunday.) No. 32. No. 10. Lv Marion . Lv Rutherfordtou. Lv Shelby. Lv Patterson Springs. Ar Blacksburg. Lv Blacksburg. Lv Yorkville. Ar Rock Hill. Lv Rock Hill. Lv Catawba Junction. Lv Lancaster. Ar Kershaw...... Lv Kershaw. Ar Camden . 8.30 a m 9.35 a m 10.23 a m 10 20 a m 10.45 a m 11.22 a ra 12.05 p m 12 05 pm .CO pro 4. 45 6 20 8.25 8.40 9.C0 Dinner at Kershaw. CONNECTIONS Na 32 ha? connection wish the Chf5 er i Lenoir Railroad at Yorkville, S. C., wirb the Southern Railway nt Rock Hill, S. C , with the Seaboard Air Line at Catawba Junction, S. C., with the Lancaster <v Chester Railroad fit Lancaster, S. C.. and with the South Car olina uv. Georgia Railway at Camden, S G. No. 33 North bound train bas same con ne - iocs as No. 32. SAMUEL HUNT, President S. 8. Lrj'JHvIN. G-;< Puss S : RURAL HILL FM TT?E NOW RSSiUK oalour Dury F srrb \'\ H;JI ire s*-l ihc onr ele am Ciovr-r Leaf Dairy Butter at 23 cents per pound, de livered tit vour residence. Sweet Cream, 33 cent3 per quart. Sweet Separator Milk, 30 quarts (or one dollar. Mail us a portal fur what jou want. D. JAS. WINN. Feb. 4 Atlantic Coast Line. Sortk-Easfers R. E. o S. ?. \J' J i rp ,_. , v" - . m ? "' . ?jfianjvm ,-*? ? f * s S t s> t G .^Sgv^i; ? f . 1 % ' ". TRAINS GOING SOUTH. Dated fay jxo.Sojso 23JN0.53 16. 1396. i * i * I * ue. Floreace : So! ., 35 { " Kingstreo j I 8 50l ! Ar. Lanes i 4 49; 0 I5:P.JK. . Le. Lanes i 4 43l 5 15 T f;2 - j Lr. Cb&rPt/n ! 6 LOjlC 50; 1? 25 j TRAINS GOING NORTH. Le. Char Vc Ar. Lsnes ; Le. Lanes ; " Kingstree Ar. Florence *D&iiy. f Daily except Sunday. No. 52 runs through to Colombia via Cen ; tral R. R. of S. C.' Trains Ko?. 73 and 32 ran via Wilson arie ; Fayetteville-Short Line-and jsake elote . connection for ail points North. Trains on C & D. R R. leave Florence j 8 55 a rn, arrive Darlington 9 28 a a, Che i raw 10 40 a rn, Wadesboro 2 25 p m. Leave ! Florence, datly except Sunday, S IO p m, ar ! rive Darlington 8 40 p m, Hartsville 9 35 p j m, Bennettsville 9 36 p rn, Gibson 10 GO p m I Leave Florence, Sundi.y only 9 00 p m, ar j rive Darlington 9 27 a m, Hartsville 10 10 ! a m. Leave Gibson daily except Sunday 6 15 a ! m, Bennettsville 6 41 a tn, arrive Darliogton j 7 40 a m. Leave Hartsville daily except Sun ! day 6 30 am, arrive Darlington 7 15 am, j leave Darlington 7 45 a rn, arrive Florence 8 15 a m. Leave Wadeshoro, daily except ! Sunday 3 00 pm. Cheraw 515 pm, Dar j lingtoo 6 27 p rr, Florence 6 55 p ia Lea^e Hartsville, Sunday or ly 7 CO a m , Darlirg ! ton'7 45 a m , arrive Florence 8 10 am. ! J R. KEN LY, :JN . F. DIVINE Gen'l Manager, Gea 1 Sup't .P M RMBRSoJi. Traffin WftoH-rer. 7 WHOLESALE BROKERS, Cotton Storage Warehouse PROPRIETORS.'. P-TOWI OFFICE: COURT HOUSE SQUARE. 1,000 Tons High Grade Ara inoniated Fertilizer, 1,000 Tons Acid with Potash. 500 Tons Dissolved Bone. 500 Tons German Eainit, 400 Tons C. S. Meal, For Sale. We are prepared to meet any and all prices for STAND ARD GOODS, Get our prices before purchasing. Respectfully, HARBY & co. Dec. 16. THE BANK OF SUMTER, SUMTER, S. C. City and County Depo story Transacts a general Banking business, also bas A Savings Bank Department, Deposits of Si od upwards received. In terest allowed at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum. Payable quarterly, on 6ret dajs of January, April, Julv and October. W F. *B HAYNSWORTH, W F. RHAME, Cashier. President. Jan 13. Anyone sending a phef "'! und desorir-f ior. may quickly ascertain, free, v. ;r au invention ;.s probably patentable. CctmiJonicatiCES strictly confidential. Oldest ncency for securing patents in America. We have a Washington o ice. Patents taken through Jtunn & Co. ro';civo special notice in the SCIENTIFIC- fi^ERiOAH, beautifully illustrated, largest eircilruicn of any scientific h^rsial, weekly,tennis 3.C(i yc-nr: L Osi.v montar. Specimen copies mut 1^ ..;L BOOK o>: I*.* TEXTS sent ree. Address MUNN CO.r 361 Broadway, >ieT.v York. Order Your PR0VISS0NS AND GROCERIES FROM SEO. f. STEFFENS & SOI holesale Agents, Charleston, S C - -Agents for MOTT'S CIDER E3D SSAL CIGARS, ' AND D0V3 HAMS THE rflfljJbJ JJ il sa 1 S #k ? . 1,000 Tons Prime Cotton Seed Meal of our own manufacture. -ALSO 500 Tons "Standard" or "Royal" Brand Am moniated Guano. 500 Tons Genuine German Kainit. 500 Tons Acid with Potash. 300 Tons Dissolved Bone. You will save money by giving us a chance to sell you Up-Town Office : Main Street, next to Court House Square. Mill at A. C. L. Depot. P. HOSES, President, A. C. PHELPS, Sec. & Treas. Machinery SEE THE LATEST DEERING BALLBEARING MOWING MACHINE fe Buy none but the Deering ; it is the best up-to-date Mower. MACHINERY OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. H. B. Bloom _Sumter, S. C. WON'T HATCH OUT A CHICKEN! Neither will proclamations on dead walls revive languishing trade. NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING Is the great INK41 BATOR FOR HATCHING OUT BUSINESS. SHEPHERD SUPPLY CO 232 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C. richters. STATE AGENTS FOR SALE CF Over 200 different-Styles of Cooking and Heating Stover. Afro Oil Cookeis ar d Heaters. We wanr. the leading n;ereiiact in every town in the State to fell our ines cf Stoves. We guarantee fuil protection ia h:s re>ritoiy. to estb nt we appoint If not sold in your town send direct to us i- r cuts m.d prices. i i fe 3. BCtual clients i: >" ' : Stat*- . >> < ny .: Oppoi't* ratent O ce. Washington. J). G A. iura i SOL Fire Insurance Agency ESTABLISHED 1866. Ut present, among other Companies : LIVERPOOL k LOS-DON & GLOBE, , NORTH BRITISH & MERCANTILE HOME, ot New York. UNDERWRITERS' AGENCY, N. Y. LANCASTER INSURANCE CO. Capital represented $75.000,000. Feb. 28