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Fight Over Tariff. L ; I Display of Bitterness Yester? day in the House. Washington, March 19-The first ?pTegisative dap of the hoase of repre |y aentatives of the Fifty-fifth congress :|^g?ve every indication of an unnsual H;1y lively session, and aiso of an in p tent ion to make a record for extra ordinary rapid disposition of nosiness =^ The outbursts of partisan rancor in fptjie coorse of the day's debates recall ed the palmy days of the Fifty-first and Fifty-second congresses, while ^'beside these not unexpected differ |y enees of opinion as to action and policy there was ili-c?ncealed animos f?n&y between the two factions of the ^iDemocratic minority growing ont of the race for leadership of that party y on the floor - The ball was opened promptly upon assembly, ic the presence of crowded ' galleries. Mr. Dingley, from tine |f'committee on ways and means, re turned the tariff bill with a recom | mendati?n ?hat it do pass, which, Vw?th the accompanying repoit, was placed on tbe calendar In connec I tioc with this. Mr. McMillin cal?ed ? attention to what he termed " colos? os: sal injustice'' done the minority of ? the committee oh ways and means, : in tims reporting the bill before they j ( bad time to prepare an expression of f their views. Consent was given the leonor i ty to file their views Monday, fly This naving been done, Mr Dalzell i%{Ee*p ) of Pennsylvania presented a ; resolution from the committee on j^yntfes providing for the consideration r cf the tariff bill. -. Mr. Baity closed the debate for the Composition. He said that four years '/ago a presidential election had been Ifield, turning upon the tariff" ques ?tion. .. Congress was then called iu extraordinary session to deal with the |f;imoney question. Last year the presi ; gdential election turned upon the ; money question, and congress wa3 I now called to deal with the tariff I question. "It seems to me," he ^?Bffl?d, "in view of these facts, that the F authorities are not ready or willing jgio execute the decrees registered by ?Tilie people in presidential election.'' HfeSpeakiog for the minority, Mr t Bailey said the passage of the bill y would not be antagonized by filibus^ V taring opposition. Hf "Knowing that we cannot prevent ?its passage, we feel it to be the best f policy from oar standpoint that you ???acold paio il; speedily. If it shall } accomplis!* what you claim for it, the . ; President should not be deprived of ' tfee benefits that are to flow from it. p?f it should not prove to be what is anticipated for it, the sooner it will ?|t>e repealed and the President be re Ikiieved of its unjust actions. I never ? was more confident of any event of . the future than I am .that this bill A shall demonstrate the futility of the f pretences cn which it is based, and I firmly believe that you won't live long enough to get a patient hearing - from thc people on the absuid propo I sition that yon can make thom pros f.perons by taxing them. (Applause.) |y We challenge you pass the bill, be U cause nothing can more certainly B prove to4he people that yen are Ho? lsworthy of the trust now reposed in &you. ( A pplanse. ) Making Laws Rapidly. Extraordinary Becord Made by Congress. Washington, March 20 -The first f week of the extraordinary session of ? the Fifty-fifth congress closed with y to-day's session of the house of rep ; pr?sent?t lyes The record made is f:\extraordioary. The tariff bill has ^ been reported and an order regulat? iv ing its discussion adopted Four appropriation bills which failed to 'Recome laws in the Fifty fourth con . gress, necessary for the prosecution y of important parts of the public ser? vice, carrying a total of over $72, .QOO^OOO, have been passed with the exception of one paragraph, as they : were finally agreed upon by the last house Two of these, the agricultu? ra) and Indian, were considered and : disposed of to-day. The former, : appropriating $3,182,950, was pass? ed, as h?s been the sundry civil and general deficiency bills yesterday, without change. Tho time allowed for debate on this bill permitted Mr. Champ Clark (Dem ) of Missouri to make a characteristic speech upon tbe subject of the rules He with y drew ali previous criticisms of the senate and thanked God that it still \ remained a deliberate assembly The action of the house yesterday and to-day, he termed the most amazing and astounding performance ever witnessed on the continent. One feature of the Indian bills pro? voked much opposition and was final? ly stricken out by unanimous consent before the bili passed This was the \ paragraph opening the gilsonite or asphalt lands in the Uncompahgre reservation, Utah, under the mineral laws, which the senate had added to the bili "Several resolutions were offered and agreed to, making appropria? tions for mileage, stationery and pay -of session employes immediately available. At 3.55 the house ad? journed until Monday at 10 a. m., when the debate on the tariff bill will begin. Blockading Crete Gan the Recognition of the Blockade Be Refused ? Loudon, March 20.-Why should not the government of the United States refuse to recognize the blockade of Crete ? The terme of the official notice of the blockade which was issued by the British government in London to day are a direct violation of the law of the nations. The ootice directs : "The snips of the six powers or nea tral powers may enter int*the ports oc? cupied by the powers and land their merchandise, bat only if it is not for ?he Greek troops on the island. Th?se ships may be visited by other ships of the international fleets." If aDy ship or officer of the blockad? ing fleet undertakes to enforoe these regulations against a vessel carrying the American flag it will be an act of war against the United Suies. There can be little doubt about the correct? ness of this view. Sir William Pnili more, who is a strong authority .upon international law, thus puts the case of rights eveo of British citizens : "One should ?now whether the government bas consulted its legel advisers as to certain eventualities which are not un? likely to follow upon this so-called blockade of Crete. Supposing that a British ship, seeing a chance of doiog a good trade in provisions sails for a port in Crete. She will be perfectly in ber legal rights and it will be illegal to stop ber. We are not at war with Greece or Crete, so it will not be a case of trading with an euemy and nothing short of an act of parliament can take away the right of any British subject to trade with Crete. Suppose this ship was stopped and turned back. _ There will be an irresistable claim for darna- j gee of the sufferers against the British man-of-war. Suppose her frigate had sunk ber. The damages will be great? er. Suppose one of her crew is drows? ed, I see LO defense to an indictment for murder. "The rights cf an American ves3el would of coarse be stronger. Secre? tary Sherman will receive to day from Mr. Pauoo?fote or through the Amer can embassy here a formal notice of the blockade from Lord Salisbury. Every American in London is anxious to know what bis answer will be- lt is not only a splendid opportunity to make use of the tremendous moral influence which a declaration of the American view of the eastern policy of the great powers will carry, bat it is of genuine practical importance as well." Shermau Notified By Powers of Blockade of Cretan Ports. Washington, March 21.-The repre? sentative in Washington of the six powers signatory to the Berlin treaty, Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia, have in concert coti?ed this government of the blockade of Crete, the respective notes having been delivered to Secretary Sherman to-day. They were almost identical and consisted of a mere form? al announcement that a blockade to Cretan ports against ships under the Greek flag, ,comu,eociog at 9 o'clock this morning. Merchant vessels of neutral powers, including those of the United Stages and of the treaty powers, while subjected to overhauling by the blockading warships of the concerting fleets, are not to be disturb io their ordinary commercial occupations if they carry no merchandise intended for use of the Greeks or insurgents on tbc island. It is a questjoo whether this govern? ment will give its assent to rbis form of blockade which involves a grave depar? ture io international law and would es? tablish a precedent abolishing right* that ibe Uoited States might not desire to surrender. There is little or no likelihood of an American vessel at? tempting to run the Cretan blockade, for the Stars and Stripes on merchant vessels in the Mediterranean is practical? ly unknown. An indication of this is given in the records of the Suez canal, the Amerioan flag having passed that highway only three times in 1895, on two private hatches aod one mau-of war. while :n 1896 not a single vessel showed our flag in the canal This year, the passage of the cruiser Detroit, j early next month, will probably be the only occasion for showing she American I colors io the Red Sea. Around Crete j an American ship is rarer than at Suez j Nevertheless if th? United Stares 6hould even tacitily eocsenr to beiog kept out of Crete, where there is no proclaimed condition of war, any more j than there is in Cuba at the present time, euch actioo, it is anticipated by j those familiar with international pre ! ccdents, may establish au un to waeel j precedent io relation to countries whore i American commerce is on measurably j more important and where American i merchant flags ?re more oumerous OLD CRUSADERS GROAN" LS G REECE. Canea, March 21.-According to the I proclamation issued by tho foreign ad ! mirais, the blockade of Crete besan at 8 o'clock this morning. It is apparent that the blockade is directed solely at the Christians in the interior and that the Moslems will suffer little inconve? nience from the action of the six great Christian nations of Europe. It appears that the objeet of the blockading squad roo is to prevent the landing of sap plies of food, oiotbiog. etc., destin?e! for the starving Christians in the inter? ior, while the Masslamans, who have flocked to the coast towns, are allowed, to land whatever they want. The few Christaios remaining here 6nd it difficult to understand the mo? tives that are prompting the powers to exert their energies to crash the Chris ?ian popu'ation of the island, while the Moslems are given a free band as they please. About the only hope of the Christians outside the coast towns is in Greek blockade ruooers who will not hesitate to run through the cordon of foreign warships arouod the island. There was an exchange of shots yester I day between 'osurgeots and Moslem volunteers in the city of Suda Bay. The Turkish warships bombarded the insurgents, but the result is not koown. A number of foreign warships were in the bay, but they took uo part in the firing. Athens, March 21.-It is stated here that the powers are seriously discussing the question of nominating Prince George of Greece for governor of Crete. A number of Greek sharpshooters at Pramaoda on the frontier fired upon some Turkish soldiers who were on their own territory. The Turks were deeply angered and it was only with the greatest difficulty that their officers prevented a son?ict. The Greeks were eq&ally desirous with tbe Turks for the opening of hostilities and it was harJ to bold them in check. The advices reporting on the incident do not state when it occured. l? Rough on Kates. U. S. Supreme Court Sur? prises Railroads. Washington, March 22.-By a oi.r jority opinion delivered by Justice Beckham, the supreme court of the United States announced its decision that the agreement of the Trans-Mis? souri Freight association to maintain rates within its territory was a viola? tion of the auti trust law of 1890, prohibiting contracts or combinations in restraint of trade, and must be abandoned. This reversed the de cisi?n of the courts below which ordered a dismissal of the government bill. Justices Field, Gray, Shiras and White dissented. Justice Peckham said the case pre sented two questions of importance : (1) Does the anti trust act apply to and cover common carriers ? (2) If so does the agreement com plained of violate any provision of thal act ? The court fiually holds : The ques? tion is one of law in regard to the I meaning and effect of the agreement itself, namely : Does the agreement restrain trade or commerce in any way so as lo be a violation of the act? "We have no doubt that il does The agreement on ils face recites that it is entered into 'for the purpose of mutual pro-1 tection' aud a violation subjects the defaulting company to pay a penalty. While in force and assuming it lived up to, there can be no doubt that its direct, immediate and necessary ef feet is lo put a restraint upon trade or commerce as described in the act. We tbink the fourth section of the act invests the government with full power and authority to bring such an action as this, and if the facts be proved, an injunction should issue. The decrees of the court of appeals of ihe circuit court must be reversed and the case remanded." Murphy Still Hoping. This is Murphy's last week oo earth unless Governor EUerbe interferes, and there is -nuch doubt as to whether he j w?!l take any further action He eas- j uaily remarked yesterday *beo the sub- ! ject was brought up thar, he hoped Mur pby was making ibe best of his time As a matter of fact Murphy seeme to have no idea that be is to suffer death, j fie is confirmed in the belief that even at the last moment something will turn up in his favor It's a very slender thread upon which to bang his hopes. Colonel Carroll of Augusta is expected in the city before Friday wilb a copy of the.official testimony, and it is barely possible tbat this may stay execution somewhat longer.- Register. Preparing to Strike? Athens, March 19.-The cabinet j assembled in council last evening and j sat until 2 o'clock this morning. Af- j ter exhaustive discussion of the ques? tion, it was decided to recall the Greek warships A!pheio9 and Peneus from Cre:c and t?end them to Volo, Thessaly, and it was also decided to push forward the reinforcements of tho Greek troop? on the Turkifh frontier with all pasi? ble exped.tioo. IN DUE AD. OK THE GREEKS. London. March 19. - According to a dispatch !rum Larissa, the Turkish con? suls iu Thessaly have been authorized b.y th:1 porte to vacate their posts and return to Constantinople should they deem sueh action advisable This, the report fays, is in consequence of the consuls having called the attention of the porte to the threatening attitude of the Greeks on the frontier. The Trade Review Bradstreet^ are Cheerf ul. 1 New York, March 19- R. G Duo & Co. will say toaiorrow io their Week ly Review of Trade : Though steadily increasing, business is still mach below i(9 volume in for? mer years of prosperity and ruauy ex press disappoiotmeot. Yet there is some gain every week, with more hand? at work, and more mills in opera!ino, aod with larger purchases for consump? tion, the sure resolt canoot be loog de? layed. In some braoches it is felt al? ready. There is iarger distribution of fioished products, and the demand for commercial loans has sharply increased, especially in dry goods and steel braoches. Tbe progress of the iron and steel industry is faiodered by uncer? tainty regardiog the cost of lake ore for the coming year, though the tepeat ed adjournment of producers' meeting ts interpreted as evidence that agree? ment will be ultimately reached. It is reported that Norrie ore at $2 75 will be taken as the- basis, which would imply about $2 25 for Mesabi ore*, but uotil the question bas been settled, many important transactions are de? ferred While there is no great activi? ty io finished products, the demand steadily increases. Contracts for sever al great buildings at Chicago are pend ing, and for a good many bridges and other railroad works and the demand for wire does not abate, nor the demand for black sheets required in the tin plate manufacture. Although shipments of boots and shoes are almost as large as many pre vicos years, it is announced that one or two of the largest works have elosed for want of orders. At the same time many other concerns are taking very i large orders, it is claimed, at prices be j low those generally quoted No change whatever appears io quota ions of leather this week, and the Chicago market for bides fluctuates without defi oke tendency, although the slight changes reported are downward. While manufacturers of cotton goods are looking forward with much cci.fi dence, the present demand is not tqual to expectations, nor bas thc curtailment io production of print cloths accomplish? ed the desired change in condition The buying of wool, mainly of a speen lative character io expectation of oew duties, cootioues remarkably larje Sales at the three chief markets for the past week were 10,891,900 pouods No great increase bas yet appeared io the demand for goods, although a few more mills have fouod enongh orders to start, perhaps io part aoticioat iog a future demaod The expectation of new duties does not yet itfiueoce the goods markets as might be expect ed. The volume of busieess indicated by clearing boase exchanges is smaller than last year. The averages for the month is 3 3 per cent, less than last year. Failures for the week have been 216 in the United States agains 261 last year and 50 in Canada against 49 last year. Lese Majesty. The Sumter Item has a very poor 'knowledge of the metropolitan police situation io Charleston, as is evidenced 1 by these remarks : The people of Charleston have no reason to complain of Gov. Ellerbek treatment in respect to the metropolitan police. He has been candid and jost. ; aod the alder meo, the choseo repre? sentatives of the people, are respoosi ble for the continuance of the objec? tionable and unpopular police system. This is a good time for the Charleston papers to exercise their lecturing pro c?vitie8 on home folks. A few dozen columns of serious and prosy editorial admonishment, such as bas been so generously dished out 00 sundry oc? casions, with or without excuse, to other sections aod to the people who reside this side of the unhallowed pre? cincts of Ten Mile Hill, may be effect? ive, if applied systematically to the seven obdurate aldermen. The Item should know that tbe seven wise men it irreverently refers ? to as "obdurate aldermen" are the' friends and proteges of Marshal Mar "Sf?. It should also know that Marshal MaHin is supreme in Cbarlestoo. The grass ?Vay not grow, nor the birds sing, nor the w?.ves of the sea lash the Bat? tery walls \without a permit from the all powerful Martio. How then shall the press dare's^ak disrespectfully of his ministers an a ''.representatives ? It would be lese majesty>xTbe Post, for one, is too careful to getioto any such trouble, lt does not care to have its charter revoked by the governor and its plant turned over to the state priuter to assist in publishiog the Register. "Obdurate a'.dermeu" indeed. Ic is well for The Item that it resides above .'the unhallowed precincts of Ten M tie Hill" that the marshal cannot lay hands op. its irreverent ;r:irca?s.-Charleston j Post. - mmn ??- - San. Francisco, March 21.- 'Dan'' j Lynch, manager for Torn Sharkey, : posted $2 500 in the hands of Parson Davies to bind a match with Peter j Maher. Lynch says Sharkey will j meet Maher before any dcb offering the largest purse any time after five weeks from date and xvii! make a ?ide bet of from $2,500 to $10,000. -w>- mm Col. John Hay, the next American . minister to the court of St St. James, was graduated at Brown University, in Providence, R. I., in the class of j 1858. when he was 20 years old. POLITICAL ECONOMY AND LAV/. The political economists have been charged by Professor Herron in a recent number of The Kingdom with overlook? ing ethics. The charge is just and im? portant. Eut more important is the fact chat they have overlooked positive law. In seeking to trace ont thc workings of self interest they have taken for granted certain laws as natural and inherent in the constitution of secief y-such as laws sustaining private property - while other laws have bc cn considered as an ar? tificial and unnatural interference with beneficent self interest. Protective tar? iffs, prohibitory statutes, legal protec? tion cf wemen and children, arc consid? ered violations cf natural law. 2Co economic problem is more important than the just estimate of the part played by customary and statutory law in social evolution. Law, in tho first place, is a part of the environment cf every individual. It operates upon him, as decs the physical environment, by pressure. Law is co? ercive. It is regulated force. The direc? tion in which it shall work is determin? ed by compromise between the antag? onistic interests of society. In primitive times there was no compromise. The strongest ruled by mere might. Pure unmixed arbitrary force reduced the masses cf the people to slavery and compelled them to cultivate the fields for warlike rulers. There was no ques? tion of law or human rights. Law first appears when certain interests antag? onistic to despotism gained sufficient power to lay down rules which should check the arbitrary coercion by the monarch. These interests were the no? bility and the subordinate chiefs. Co? ercion still kept the masses in slavery and made the land the private property of nobles and monarch. ? Later in time the capitalistic class, through the representative system, gain? ed a share in making laws. They com? pelled the ruling classes to lift the pres? sure which handicapped capitalists, and today they have even shaped the laws to their own preference. Such arc the laws enforcing contracts, where the co ercive power of the state is enlisted on behalf of the money lender- a thing in? conceivable to a mediaoval duke. Such, also, are the laws creating and sustain? ing corporations-"artificial persons" which never die, which always accumu? late, and whose contracts with the pub? lic and with employees the power of the state enforces even with the police and the army, if necessary. Such, also, are laws abolishing entail and primogeni? ture, making real estate transferable by sale and survey and public record, and thus converting land from an aristo? cratic inheritance to a plutocratic spec ulation. By means of these and other regula? tions which we call laws the coercive power of society is lifted from the capi? talistic class, a marked advantage in the struggle for life is afforded them, and they are stimulated to exert them? selves and accumulate property under the "orotection of government. the same time law has both helped ana depressed the masses of the people. It has helped them by abolishing slav? ery-an institution based solely on force. It has depresscd them by main? taining land and capital-by means of which alone they can lire-as private property, another institution based on force as truly as slavery. It is enly co? ercion of some kind, however subtle and gloved cr justified, which can crowd thousands cf people into the tenements cf thc slums and permit hundreds to spread over roomy homes and palaces and seaside villas. Ethics effect their telling results by modifying the coercive pressure of so? ciety in behalf of th^se who are weak. Women were the first slaves. Today law protects them from the brutality of men, cpens up new trades for them, in? creases their wages and gives them shorter hours cf werk (unless declared unconstitutional by thc courts). Ethics also through law modify the cmchceked coercion of private property by requiring employers to submit dis? putes with labor to arbitration, by re? quiring safety appliances, sanitary fac? tories and tenements and in many other ways which might be mentioned or sug? gested. Law determines the legal ten? der, and in its enforcement; of contracts can select an expending or a contracting medium for payment, and so can either take the pressure of competitive society fr oin or else force it upon the debtor fkisses. PROFESSOR JOHN BASCOM. Cough-cure, the most prompt and effective remedy for diseases of the throat ami lungs, is Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. As an emergency medi? cine, for the cure of Croup, Sore Throat, Lung Fever and Whooping Cough, AVER'S Cherry Pectoral cannot be equaled. ?k E. M. B RAWLEY, I>. D. Dis. Sec. Of the American Bap? tist Publishing Society. Petersburg, Ya., endorses it. as a cure Cor violent colds, bronchitis,-etc. Dr. Brawl-oy also adds: To ali ministers suffering from throat tron?les. I recommend Awarded Medal at World's Fair. AYER S PILLS Cure Liver and Stomach Troubles, i?/-' 1 ? vv:;-.> can triiuk ?rtii;l>J-&U ti Mri or some .simple Ht. <U J . ? ~f ?"- jwi-v.? thing to patent? I Protect vour 'deas: tl.or ni3v ?iring von \.-;aka. > Write .I??IN WEDDERBURN"* C<>.. Patent -tttor j neva. Wf-.shu not!. 1>. f>>r tl.eir $).&*> prizy off | *nd liar >i two uundred .uvcutlocs ?ran fed- I Closed by Constables. Special to The State. Aikeo, March 22 -State Liquor Constables Strobe! and Cunniogham came to Aikeo last night and went to the Highland Park at 10 o'clock. They fcuod the branch dispensary open and dealing out drinks. The consta? bles set about at once to close it up. They are still in town and will remain to see it' the law is beiog carried out by the proprieters. To-night they say I that the di?pent>ary at. the hotel must close at O' o'oiocK. the same as other dispensaries. Thi* in supposed to bc the beginning of the enforcement of tbe dispent-ary iaw uuder Mr. Elierbe's ad? ministration and it. is said by some old constables to be his orders The dis? pensary was allowed to be opened this morciog aod ruo all day. Miss Grace Lincoln Temple, who was the decorator of the women's building at the Atlanta exposition, has been given the work of decorat ing the interior of the newly bought Cleveland residence at Princeton - > ? n-i The State Teachers Association has been invited to hold its aooual meet? ings in Columbia The S. C. College buildings have been tendered for the u^e of the teachers. McKinley's ha?? failed to agree on a policy as to the filibuster, and the mat? ters stands as it did wheo the new administration took charge. mum ~mmumm Scott Jackson and Alonzo Walliog, the murderers of Pearl Bryan will be hanged to day at Newport. Ky. Gov. Bradley has refused to grant a reprieve. Liver Ells Like biliousness, dyspepsia, headache, consti? pation, sour stomach, indigestion are promptly cured by Hood's Pills. They do their work easily and thoroughly. Best after dinner pills. 25 cents. Ali druggists. Prepared by C. I. Hood & Co.,. Lowell, Mass. Tte only Pill to take with Hood's Sarsaparilla. Pifis 1 To Yon I * Who lise FENS, INK, $ I Paper, BlankBooksl $' At H. G. OSTEEN k CO'S S You can get everythiog that you 3) want at the lowest prices. We are so y> situated that we can afford to make * prices closer than any one else. I AH Goods are new and of f the best quality. No shop Si) worn goods. We ma Se a specialty of School Supplies and also ke?p a full line of Stationery, Blanks Books, Etc. Come and inspect our gcods. BJ. in & co. % % LIBEETY STREET, % I SUMTEB. S. C I Great Southern Detective kimi CHARLOTTE, TS, C., DO ALL KINDS of legitimate Detective Work at reasonable rates. ARSON, MURDER, DIVORCE SPECIALTY. March i0-6m* NOTICE FOR lp" NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that thirty days from this date application will be uuaue to ibe Clerk of Court for Sumter Coun? ty, l'or a Charter bf Incorporation for the "St. Paul Bunni A'd Society," in Concord Town? ship, Sumter Couotv. South Carolina. EDMUND REID, President, ROBERT GRANTHAM, V Prest , ROBKKT PRINGLE, Obaolain, GEORGE SINGLETON, Treasurer, F ANN IB SINGLETON, Secretary. March 3, ?S97-4t* Land Surveying. H. D MOISE, will give prompt attention to calls for surveying and platting land Can be found nt bis office, next door to office o Lee and Moise, Sumter, S. C. Nov 13 Imported Stock. H. G. Osteen & Co. received this week a fall assortment of the latest and prettiest de? sires tn Denn?son's Imported Crepe and Tis? sue Paper for rnak.:nn lam:? shades, flowers and alt sorts ot fancy work. This tJ guaran? tee; to f-e t?ie L?e?.u:r:e imported paper and fur superior to any >;t:d all imitations. We sel! ?t New York prices, as we buy direct frcuj ?he importers. Tile stationery ?tock is compete Hn?I un to date sapera ESfit??S fi&NJ C2fcd Ss1 V Choice Extracted Honey, by the. gallon or less quantity. For sale at my residence, or orders may be left office of the Watchman and Southron. IV. G. Osteen.