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Animai ?UUIC?? BEFORE THE GRADUATING CLASS OP THE SOUTH CAROLINA MILITARY ACADEMY DELIVERED BY Hon. John L. McLaurin AT Sumter, S. C., June 30,1896. Mr. Chairman, and Gentlemen of the Board of Visitors : I am fully sensible of the high com? pliment you bave paid me in selecting ODe, not a graduate of the Citadel, to deliver your annual address. I can claim, however, lineal descent, for if I am not a son of the Citadel, lama son of her daughter, the C. M. I. I am afraid, however, that my vece rated preceptor, Col. Thomas (who sits over there) will tell you that I was a "Prodigal Son," " but if be did, I would tell him that he never killed any fatted calves for me, fell on my neck and did any weeping, nor put any ring on my floger, but fed me on bacon, and when he did fall on me, it was to put me walking post with a nine pound musket on my shoulder, instead of a ring on my finger. lt hasn't been so long since I "wore the gray." but that my heart can thrill with every emotion that pulsates in the breast of a cadet OD a commencement / occasion. When I look into your eyes, beam? ing with youthful hope, memories of other days flood me, some tender and sad, others joyful and pleasant. Fif? teen years, and it seems such a short 1 time. Some of the bright young faces that set out with me on tbe journey, have long been cold in death, others lie wrecked and stranded on the shoals and quicksands, while ali of us are middle aged men, from whose hearts the stern reality of life has pressed and driven the freshness and poetry of youth. Not one of us has the world of which we dreamed in those glorious days of young manhood. ? have alwaysffelt that the four years of stern military discipline, with its en? forced habits of self-control, and the example and influence of a man whose guiding stares ?duty, bas been worth more to me than any scholastic training received elsewhere. THE SOLDIER 6PIRIT. The first step towards success any? way, is to imbue the boy with the spirit of the soldier, for life is one loog bat? tle,; and it is the soldier spirit which wins success ; ihe timid and irresolute are crushed, mn over, and the coward deserts, while the trained soldier, fer? tile io expedients, tactful and resolute, pushes steadily to the front, uotil sue cess orowns his efforts, or death claims him as her own "SEEING THE ELEPHANT." 1 have often thought of the "Prodi? gal Son" who iefc bis father's house to see the world, (we call it "seeing the elephant") and wondered what would have been his fate had he been trained four years by Coi Thomas or Col Coward. He would have seen the e'epbant, no doubt about that; one as big as Jumbo himself, and possibly '.spentihis porci?n in riotous living," but when the funds played out, a Cita? del boy would never in the world have fed on busks left by the swine. He would have killed the fattest pig in the bunch, ate spare ribs and backbone, and the inner man well fortified, (if nothing better turned up) with the airs and graces born in the "City by the Sea," h'd have fascinated the old man's daughter, married, and put his father in-law to tending the hogs. Then with plenty of leisure, entered politics, gone to Congress, paid the mortgage off his father's farm, provided for the good brother who stayed at home by an appointment to a fourth class post-ofiice. I know some of the "boys" who have made almost as wonderful a record as that. A Citadel boy would never have gone sneaking borne i^L^jfi^and tatters, whining anJi??iSarding crocodile tears " He w^tTidhave pulled himself together, redeemed his mistakes, and when be went back horse, gone with his head up, like a man. If he had "to become as a "hired servant-" and fed on husks, he would have gone as far away from home as possible, changed hi? name, and not disgraced bis family by ad? mitting that he was a miserable failure. THE CITADEL. lt would be presumption for me ia the presence of men, grown gray in the service of the Citadel, to say much concerning its history and work. Per? mit me, however, to briefly allude to its genesis, because in its original con? ception, it is closely related to a few thoughts that I will express later. Col. J. P. Thomas, in his elegant work, gives a most interesting account of the early bistorp of the Citadel. Ia 1822, Denmark Vesy, a free negro, or? ganized a most formidable insurrection in the city of Charleston. He was one of those bold, strong characters, who arc born leaders ef men. On Sunday night June 16, the negroes were to rise, and suddenly seize the arsenal, guardhouse, and other depositories of arms, then reinforced by the country negroes, were to sweep the town by fire and sword. Through the defection of one of the conspirators, the plot failed, and Vesy with several others was tried, condemn? ed and executed. The alarm caused by this threatened outbreak led to the enlargementof the arsenal and other mil? itary posts. Ten years later came the two hundred thousand appropriated hr ojunitions oft^ as ii consequence, greatly increase importance of the arsenal. A ga i was kept up until 1842 Go< j Richardson conceived the idea of ! these militar* posts as schools, hi j that as they had to be maintaii j would be only a small addition I pense to impart, instruction t young mon constituting the gar Thus we see that the origin and pose of the Citadel was for publ j feose, and that the scho astic fe. I is a graft upon the old trunk. 1 ! fore in purpose ai?d practice the C btars a close relation to the militu tern of the country, and I desi express a few thoughts on this line io it are some of the germs which give life or death to us as a republ j In national life, iu the first out of war or civil disturbance at t there are but two resources for pi tion and saiety. They migbc, hotels, be classified as the "Euroi. aod "Americao" plans. .EUROPEAN PLAN. The first depends upon a large s iog army, drawn from the ran civil life, to be maintained in id! at the expense of the producers, stitutiog in the hands of ao ambi and bold executive a perpetual EH to popular rights. AMERICAN PLAN. The second depends upon a pati and well-organized militia, ever ent, rarely seeo, quartered amooj not in camps and forts, but at the side, io the counting-room and w ^hop. THE FOUNDATION OF NATIONAL GREAT It bas been well said that with decadence of th s martial spirit decay of a nation begins, hence e nation adopts some means to foster spirit, varying in degrees, from daoce of the savage to the science culture of West Point. Io a critioai analysis of the elemt foundations of political economy, t are two essential factors, upon w proper understanding and applica the progress, perpetuity and stabiiit our government depends. First, litical Wisdom, manifested thro broad statesmaoship. Second, Ci age, disclosed through the martial 6] of the people. The former embra the aggregate ability, learning and perience of the nation, while the ia is a seose of justice aod right, bac up with an unfaltering determioatio: protect both at all hazards of perse danger. What we call statesmaoship, is s ply a careful study of the past, ci cally aod honestly compared with present, for the purpose of seourio logical and cammoo seose applicat to the future. Militarism, io pl terms, is courage and manhood, trail aod discipltoed to act in concert v, others. It is the scientific adapt?t of courage to the best aod most efi ttve methods of self-defence aod p tectioo. UpoD these two oleme rests the progress aod perpetuity every free goveromeot. To th highest development civilization stat irrevocably pledged. When I say that the militan spi of toe people should be developed, I DOt meao a spirit of war, io the ; cepted parlance of the day, sioce I ct sider that there is a vast difference \ tweeo the two terms. "In the midst life, prepare for death says the seri tore, aod who will deoy its soleo truth. Likewise, runs the old adag "Io time of peace, prepare for war and nooe I fancy will question its wi dom or prudence. Preparing for w does not mean war. anymore thau pr paratioo for death meaos death itse since both are precautionary measure applicable alike to the frailties at weaknesses of mauknd. The age of chivalry, with its feud system, serfs aod slaves, has passe away. No longer does brute force wii shield aud battle-axe settle and coi elude controversies. No longer doi personal courage, as displayed in sing combat, challeoge the admiratioo i mankind and make and unmake kin? doms'. The science of mortal combat no demands numbers, trained to unity t action, and that coofiouity of purpose which alone brings out aod utilizes th utmost limit of courage and endurance The martial spirit of our people ma be ever so intense, their courage eve so dariog, but. without a knowiedg ? of the scieotific principles of war thei j efforts would be futile. The obligation of every governmen j is good, wholesome laws, honestly ant j impartially administered, wi:h the de ? velopment of such governmental power j as will protect from internal strife, anc i defend her citizens from foreign foes ; The military development of the Euro j pean system tends towards a despotism j because the martial spirit of tho nation ! is concentrated in a machine called (he j army With us it is diffused through j all the nation, dwelling in the breast ol j every man worthy to be called an j American, supplementing manhood and j developing that independence of char I acter which alone designates the citizen i \ of a great republic, j A republic whose greatest safeguard ! must be that io time of national perii ! each individual feels that he faces ?death, not f'.r the whim or caprice of I king or cjiperor, but in defence of ? home and country. That he will share j io the benefits of the contest, or feel i the iron hand which follows defeat aod ; disaster. 4 A STRIKING ILLUSTRATION. LoJ| at Appomatox ! What be j cam^Bf chose two great contending v c: i i o d -^^aSP^^Sf^m^B^^gp^l by mag\^^BHMlfflBffi5Sffi the san ^s^BEfifl^^ tain ir-r^l their joaroe? ryBs6?Sfi3^8BB grear. armiesUejjH o? citizens, .)d ^ task of reliably,- 9 ,->? . 3fing ?? tr?. (Jittzsns rp , Sf; SO.? cessity. io ?av W| sheatac the sword - 'IEBSPI more peaceful pur; 0raer -fl instead of a task. WasJHH| In Europe, whet soldier predomipates/SBBM^Hm mies are the rule, su3w| have been followed UM bloodshed. If to-day V ing armies of Europe tv9 a reign of lawless terror 9 This illustrates the differ?! the machine soldier, who fi S kin^, regardless of the right^flRn of the controversy, and the cl dier, who stands individually fljjgfl ci the contention. One the na?gfc terest of the mercenary ; the ot^H embodiment of patriotism and pV responsibility. ? nOW SHALL OCR MILITARY FORCE Bl CREASED. \ The Anglo-Saxon race has an stinctive dislike and distrust of 6t ing armies, regarding them as a i ace to popular liberty. Even in ] land, it may astonish those not coi saut with the "Mutioy Act," to 1 that "the raising or keeping a stan army in time of peace, within United Kingdom of Great Britaio Ireland, unless it be with the con of Parliament, is against law " first standing army io England that of Charles the Fourth, and sisted of only one thousand cava and four thousand foot. It is cur to note from the Bill of Right* 1689, even down to the present ti how jealously the people through ? liament has guarded this dangei power. Thc people are right in t cislike for standing armies, all more so here, because io our cout the whole tendency at present is wards centralization of power in hands cf the executive. Add to the prerogatives aire usurped, an immense military foi and no potentate on earth would wi the concentrated power of the Presid of the United States. It would w out the last barrier, and the autono and semi-independence of the sta would be forever gone. Yet, my countrymen, the time it hand when the size and efficiency of i military force must be increased ; every session of Congress bills ar* troduced along this line, and, in fa the business seose of the country fe that present conditions are inadequ to our needs. The rea question is, how shall it done without further centralizing t great power in the hands of the Fede Executive? With the advantages ol great aod powerful nation we have duties and exposures. We are an tive, enterprising people. With t paralleled rapidity we have develop this continent, and now side by si with the other mercantile and manufc turing nations, are seeking the mark* of the world for our surplus products We can't get rich by swapping d< lara, among ourselves. Under the h of the "survival of the fittest" o merchants and manufacturers must j out into the marts of the world at take their chance. To do this, bowe er, with every extension of oommerci boundaries, there must be the eve present military force to protect cot .mercial supremacy. This is the secret which has mat England the commercial mistress of ti world, and enabled this little island tradesmen and shop-keepers to le^ tribute on all the sons of men, betwe? the rocky towers of Corfu; and tr j burning sun of Hindoostan Its "syc j boi" may be the British flag. but. ti I "hiding place of its power is withi j dark and frowning tiers of artillery. I Ker encroachments in South Americ I has well nigh driven us from thef I markets, while our policy in Alaska j not one to be admired, j Look at Cuba. ! Right at our gat< ! way, and yet our foreign policy pe j mits us to be robbed of markets ina I of right should be ours. The Span ish tariff excludes our products i favor of England, and hampers an embarrasses enterprising American ! who have invested fortunes in Cub ! expecting to be on equal terms wit I other foreigners Think you tba ; England, under similar circumstances j would content herself with diplomcy i while British property was being con ! fiscated or destroyed, and ber citizen . imprisoned without trial ? Our whole people sympathize will j brave patriots, whose women have ; even formed companies of Amazons '? preferring this to the fate which ? I waits them under Wey'er's bruta decrees What a strange strugglr I it is against the' barbaric despotism o ! the thirteenth century for thal ' freedom, which should be the birth ; right of the nineteenth century Maceo and Gomez have made ?cam i paigns. that have equalled '"The Val ! ley Campaign," illustrated by thc ! daring gunners of Jackson and Stew ! art, and yet we halt and "hesitate : about even according them the j rights of the civilized warfare. Silent, j while brave men are shot like ; dogs, little children butchered, and j tender women turned over to the WM ,.-. ? a! i ties of the ' 'Seventh 9 By'" The imagination sic B ?mind revolt?, civilization BB, and turns its eyes upor I Kiid of the Free and the Br HR asks, wiiy do you permit Sflccities . Is that what the M HBoctrine means 'I You were ? SHing tinder a foreign yoke, v Hp-tamp act'' was a benison, t( lohtest Touch of Weyler's ^Hud. Fiance sent you La Fa} Sflave you sent the gallant Fitz ^B return the debt that yon ow; gjfloddess of Liberty ? If so, ^Bould have sent him not alone, BBothed in lightning and to spet ?Vie voice of thunder. You sa j fiBiople rule ? They have said " H|ust be free/"' and yet your E: B'e halts and hesitates. Is it Hluse Spain, the : Old Toot jgflolf "has more teeth than fl^ve ? Yes, Spain's navy outnun Hy rs, while her standing arm ?Hore than twenty times as g flftalk is one thing, war is ano BBhe time is at hand when in ?flfence it must truly be "Am ^Hr America.Ts*' : when the "Mc |Hoctrine'* must become a In ^?angible reality, not an "bredes Hfream." received abioad with a Bumptious sneer B WHAT SHALL WE DO ? fl I maintain that in naval affairs B should follow the exarnaple of \ Bland who. while making provi Hfor the army by annual appropria ?provides for her Navy by perma HHatute, thus taking it c'ear out o Bflpmaii: of politics The navy BRiy be used for public defense, SB' protection of our citizens i fl Heign county. In land forces fl flsent system, improved and Bed is safe, and can be made HHpns A small, compact, statu ? Bo a well organized militia. 1 Bid owing allegiance to the aBSBstates, is the only way to O flthe centralization of the r eH^?ower of lin's country in boB^BI1,''I"tl"a f?rce of the State, h rofl Bust ^e e^ective an<* ^u''y ! PreBraBress a1^ disorders within the B?H ^ ?n illustration ia neec test fl B? ^"ke". vvi)en ino- fl B serit Federal troops i yondfl Bf^ ^''t!01'8 against thc \ largefl fl ^overaor> trie excuse counttB B was an insurrection State flffifl contr?l' The fact thi on Iv thBBHconservatlve c^aes ln 1 If hcB fl0rove^ ^1]*8 violation an enecB^H' ren^ers tne P'eced of instaJH'^e ^tates are t? Prov trained fllflilitia' not OIll^for Po1 not do ?/flKBr^y to ta^e ph Form fl ?fermy^ tney mu8t n< tune B Bknter^ officers It x blindfS h anco or haphazi no0c J B- Ht temples to F oats, n ? , a ?av fl B?; wai ted for her of^eir'l Iv1^ or boldness of?SDec^?|^WtV ei'a hasbegl nations Wm\Wttm+?liere ?? ?m?1 strumentl B R"PP^ the Ia national HBHftlt' 0 ^ s o 1 di e r. ? ' ^jH^^^H^1 d L nd - T mlnVa^/po^^l^^K 0ul/n01t ha must have s fl B" ,absorl? a allegiance tefl H 8Plnt ? State bo?ntyBH?^tr^ pairedto P^stSHH^"^ UP' tage of repu^?^^t^'j, unj, tinue to contro^^ffl^^BUy?es? hei in both peace anflHHSBrL. V as well as prosnfl fl, foster in each Sta? K?3.'t aI.' ready at all times flBlljjBx*^Crsl tiona! honor, but wfl B^vsf* the belief that the fl Bi0'' serving national life! le ?\ n ervation of indivicfl B local self governmei^^^^Sfl^^c0^ eral Government wfl|?|?^fl\ftere from West Pojnt fl H strument, and fit typefl ? ' soldier, then let usIMH^B3W'N'^' institutions in the Siafl fl^ x his complement, the ? B^ ^ j strument, the fit type fl B'^' j soldier. Br BB0 rwo STATE WEST fl fl: Theiearetwo State fl fl " ! in the South that should fl Be maud public confidence anfl fl The Virginia Military 'fl fl ! the South Carolina Militaryfl i Standing out bold and urfl "military set up" is as fl as that of West I 'o::fl j nurseries of the citizen B j the safeguard of the repubiiefl ! may they live. In every fl ! the South tiieir young men arfl ! as officers of militia, imlB j scientific and technical knov^eHjgll j a labor of love. fl THE CITADEL KORE VELI. fl Young men, you may -cra^BB proud ot your alma mater. Heflfgei i a glorious record, and it is for yfl see that the high standard of m l lenee in maintained where a ll fl ! a Capers, a Coward, and a ifl ! placed it On one occasiofl^^^ Rome had been sacked by fl Hans, there was a meetingfl senate to determine the 'iticfl removing the seat of Emu ire fl other place. The counsulfl i weak and demoralized were fl prevail, when some bold o fl i exclaimed, "Rome forever.7flRS^BB ' electrical in its effect. Dofl ait the seat of your empire to b novell to another place Uer 1; s the "City by the Sea," fannel he gentle ocean breeze, and the wreath of the magnolia. A few oic exclamations, 'The Citadel iver,'' and she lives Scarred ?attie, torn by earthquake and .astated by .ire. siie has survive il! ; what shame and ignominy >ermit her. in tin's the noon da; ife, to wither and die, a slow ?ure death by starvation, her be.' ul limbs like the beggar stretchei hp roadside. ?TATE SUPPORT FOB HIGHER EDUCAT There is, it must be confesse Jeep seated and just convie tmong the masses that we are sp< lng too much money for higher t cation and not enough for conn schools. It cannot be denied' DUT educational system is top hei 3Ut there is no institution in 3tate performing the peculiar wor the Citadel There are few in South so well fitted for military stitutions per se. The literary tr ing is duplicated in many places, the military at few, save West Po If I thought the destruction of ev State college was necessary to ? us a complete common school ! tem, 1 would be in favor of dc away with them all, for I believe the greatest good to the grea number. This would not, howe1 increase one iota the efficiency of common school system. Indeet think the contrary would be true, a carelul study of the census < show that the States with the t facilities for higher education Ii the beet common school systems. South Carolina it is certainly tr for since the building of Olemi and the agitation upon the subject schools, there has been a marked provement in the free school syst of this State, and there is plenty room for more Some superfix thinkers imagine that State aid colleges and common schools, r upon diff?rent governmental prill pies, because they claim one is the iew. the ether for the many. This is partly true as a fact, 1 the man who uses that as an arg ment against State aid for colleg fails to comprehend the basis up which rests tiie obligations of a g< ernment to educate its children. J confounds the individual with tl great complex aggregation of int viduals, called the State He uttei confuses private with public righ Individually, I, John L McLaur have no more right to demand tl the State pay for the tuition of r children,, than I have to expect it pay my doctor's bill, or other itel of domestic expense. It is t public, not the individual interest itt the matter, which creates the du and gives importance to education a matter of governmental polic Viewed in this light, it is easy see that the same principle appli to common school and colleg Another has said, "State educati* rests upon great public grounds, i foundations are political and mon and it is only permissible from tl close relationship which the expei euee of ages has demonstrated e ists between the public welfare ai ail the elements of national prospe itv on the one hand, and the enligh euroent of the population on tl other." It is not foe the rich that State a is wanted ; they can get it anyway either in or out of the State, bi many a poor lad has made a gre; man through a collegiate educatioi from State aid, when he could ha^ received it in no other way. Thei should be ample educational facilit?t in this State so that none may g abroad for an education. A MILITARY SCHOOL There is something peculiar aboi a military school, the uniform, th regular routine, the discipline an formalities are fascinating, and fe some natures no place will so we develop the best that is in them, know I needed just such training t hold me in check. I often laugh no\ at how much we all stood in awe c Col. Thomas : his formal poli?enes? dignified bearingand military prompt ness absolutely overwhelmed us H was a bigger mim to us than th< ?"Czar of all the Russias ITJ\ Mevery boy that bad been up to som devilment, trembled when we wer ' drawn up in line and "the Colonel' walked slowly up and down and looket j at us. I have suffered the torture; mdemnation and execution (elt he was looking righ me, and knew tSiat I brok< st night. What a sigh o ived when he passed, ani lital vow I swore never D so anymore To tell thc ven't got entirely over il kember meeting "the Col years ago in Columbia, r in my mouth, and boys ew what I was doing, I ait of my mouth, eased it nd me and out into the 'erhaps I ought to say, lat it wasn't a very good if it had b<?en a fifty-cent i. 1 would never stand un in Col. Thomas' face, and ist man on earth that I to know that I was guilty Vable or mean thing, and measure that I value more ? confidence and respect. . 'i a school like that is ."J. or my boy. 0. [3 OF THE HOUR i from the great center f political activity, a few thoughts II the problems'of the hour will not e amiss No man of intelligence ou'ots that we are in a period of jpid political and social evolution. Iverybody feels that there is sorae ling out of gear in this huge gov rnmental machine, because it does ot respond readily, as in days of ore, to the popular wish or need, ne rapid growth of Executive power ? fast crystalizing a contest between Congress, representing tho people? nd the Executive representing en-** renched monopoly, it is the same Kl fight of Parliament and King, raged by our ancestors Political science has not kept pace nth tho inventive genius of the age ii physics. There has been no pol?t cai Morse cr Edison to turn the X I ays into the vitals, lay bare the"* ecret cause, and cure the disease vhich affects the body politic. Every [iiack in the nation has scratched his lead, looked wise and prescribed a lostrum, but the patient is no better han she was three years ago when ?eroic treatment was prescribed. The people feel that something ts^v vrong, you cannot put it into words, hat vague troubled unrest that per radee the masses to day If no itatesman rises up to blaze the way, he instinct of the people will, in the md, lead us aright That wisdom -vhich comes from the concentrated ;hought of many people may commit ?xcesses, follow false lights and go astray for awhile, but in the end :ruth aiid right prevail. God's gift }f instinct to the uneducated masses s something more wonderful than ;he'light ol' reason. The trained orator may descant in polished periods on the beauties of the situa? ron, and prove that everything is all right, but the masses, the mob while ne talks, sullenly say everything is wrong, and nothing will ever be right until we rise up and right it Obe lient to til is instinct, thrones, dynas? ties, church and state, have gone .lown before the wrath cf the people. They couldn't tell in words why, but like the tiger, pierced by an arrow, the sullen hate and fur}' of a people's wrath can find no words and hath no bounds A cruel wrath, that makes no distinction between the good and the bad, the* false and the true. A foolish wrath, which makes an idol to-day of the demagogue, who best ? plays upon the fierce frenzy of the passing whim or caprice, while to? morrow they cut his head off and set up a new idol, i A dreadful wrath whose mad breath * withers justice, and sends mercy trembling cut of sight, while vice and virtue, guilt and iunocence, patriot? ism and selfishness are swept into a common grave. Then exhausted, slowly and painfully ' society struggles on its feet again ; old abuses and worn out tradi? tions have been shattered, and out of chaos comes order, and hu? manity marks another milestone. The last century beheld the changes and phantasises -of the French revolution, when with a com? mon instinct the masses rose, and went in search of equality and liberty, leveled ali ranks, trampled in the dust throwns and crones, only to seemingly v stablish a despotism more profound, fet the seed sown in the bosom of each nation then, in these latter times have borne fruit. , A LaFayette came to fight for Ameri? can independence A Jefferson re? turned bearing the grand, simple message, "All men are born free and equal " Not equals in courage, in? tellect and energy, but equals in op? portunities before the law. No spe? cially favored classes or individuals, but each man, each class, with ex- - aclly the same opportunities to make the mest of God-given gifts. VVhat a grand conception these fathers of the young republic had of the func? tion of government. Here was real? ized the dream of liberty, for which through mnny a tragic century the lowly and oppressed had yearned and fearlessly fought and proudly died. How is it now '! Special legisla? tion has created specially favored classes. Giant trusts and monopo? lies laugh at law, and all property steadily gravitates towards the pos \ sessors of wealth Toilers increase, ! while labor saving machinery pass? es into the control of capital, and worker competes with worker for work. The tyranny of party caucus and faction has well-nigh robbed the masses of the power to govern by : arranging in hostile camps those ! whose interests are identical. I The people feel this, they know and i yet seem powerless to act. There is I some hidden force stru??^iicg fer ex ! pression and utidioj: no national expo ! yent or despearon-. shakes the fabric ; like ?erne mighty gian: straining to j break his bonds. A vague, troubled : unrest, that is what 'he Alliance, the Knight? of Labor and kindred organi-. j zations mean Th- people are ?li right, r and were it nor for the selfishness and j meanness of those ^ho thrive by p?ay iog 0:1 ignorance and prejudice, the problem wo aid soon be sc tr ?od. New tools, methods and new institu? imos must be devised to take the place of t.hort? that are worn out or have 1 served their parp?se. It i^ ever thus ; in the evolutionary progress of 5huaiar> itv. The '.viii of thc- people will find some channel, if like the river, -it rjust leave the old bed and cut its course ! anew We talk about the stabilitv of our government; based on a written /*% ; constitution. This amounts to noth? ing, for like quicksand, it is forever Continued on Fourth Page.