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. r '.'i.-. ^. . ' wjgPyESPAY, JA?T. 6, '82. Ao Act to Amend the Char? ter o? the City bf Sumter. $e it enacted try the Senate and ITouse of Representatives of ehe State of Sooth Carolina, BOW met and titting fa General Assembly, and by the au? thority of the sa me i Suer ION- ?. That the said City Conn? ell shall have power and authority to Otiose at! soch roads, streets and ways within the said city as they may deem necessary, by sale of the freehold there? in, either at private er publie sale, as they may adjudge best for the interest of the said etty; and they shall have pawer and authority to lay out, adopt, siter, widen and open ail such streets, roads and ways as they may from time to time deem necessary for the improve? ment and convenience of the said city: Provided, That the owners of lands over which any such street, road or way ja ay pa*s, and any person damaged by the closing or from the altering of any sacfc street, road or way. shall be daly compensated therefor by the City Coun? cil! * ?od wherever any road, street or itaiy ia to be laid out, closed, opened or in case the said City Council lind the owners of land over which the sam? shall pass, or toe persons damaged the closing or altering as aforesaid, cannot agree Upon the amount of com pen gatton to be paid to such owners or pe?? MIs. the same shall be assessed by three Commissioners to be appointed, one by the City Council* one by the land owner, or person damaged, Sid the third 4>y the two Com missioners thus appointed ; and in esse any. land er shall neglect or refuse to appoint a Commissioner within ten days after notice so to do, then the Chairman of the Board of County Commissioners of the Comity of Sumter shall appoint a Com? missioner, who with the one appointed by t?s City Council, shall select the third Commissioner : Prodded? That either party may appeal from such as? sessment to the Court of Common Pleas fer said County, by serving written no? tice of such appeal upon the other party five days after such assessment I have been made, wheo the issue value shalt be submitted to a jury. Ssc 2. That the said City Council shalt -have power to Jay and construct sidewalks upon the streets of said City when deemed advisable, with power to assess one-half of the cost of the same upon the adjoining land owners or pro? prietors, the same to be assessed, levied and tjol'ected in the mode, manner and time as may be provided for the levying ?nd .collection of the-ordinary city taxes or by instalments. Ssc Z That the said City Council be, and ia hereby, authorized and em? powered, to contract for the construc? tion, op?ration, or maintaining of a sys? tem of water works for the use of said ?5ty,; with full power to contract for the use of the same by renting or otherwise, and to that end to pay for such use or maintenance ont of the ordinary tax levies, or ont of any additional or spec isl levies that may be made; and the said City Council be, and is hereby, author sad required to levy such taxes upon the real and personal proper? ty assessed for taxation io said City as ?nay be deemed necessary to pay the ?ame. SEC. 4. That the City Council of the of Sumter is hereby authorized and empower to issue coupon bonds of said city to the amount of one hundredth ou dollars- (if so much be found neces? sary), the proceeds derived from the sale of said bonds to be used by said City Council for the internal im? provement of said city; said bonds to-bear a rate of interest not exceeding six per cont per annum, payable annu? ally on the loth of December,, and the vj ci pal to mature in not less than twenty years from date of issn?; the same to be signed by the Mayor of said city, and countersigned by its Clerk nod Treasurer and the seal of said cor? poration affixed thereto ; said bonds to be issued ia denomination of five hun-I dred dollars each, and a correct register ofvbe same shall be kept to the office of the Clerk and Treasurer of said city. The coupons on said bonds wheo doe shall be receivable for all taxes due to enid city .: "That for the 'purpose of paying the Interest ?pon said bonds and the princi? pal, when due, it shall be the duty of the saie City Council to compute annu? ally the amount necessary to be raised, tfo asses* and levy the same upon the teal sud personal property, in ?aid city, and the amount so assessed shall Se a lien upon such property nod shall, be collected io the same manner and under th ft ja me powers as the ordi? nary, taxes of ?ad city are collected and abaft be used for the payment of said in? terest or principal : Provided, That no bonds shall be is? sued under the provisions of this act unless two-thirds of the qualified elect? ors of said city voting shall be io favor of .such issue .as may be expressed at an election hereafter held for that purpose. That no election be held for said object, until due notice of t ? time, place and purpose of said election is published for thirty days next preceding .said election, tn ono or more newspapers published in said t ity. Chile at^Kcago. WASHINGTON, Dee. 27.-Lieutenant Harlow, commissioner for the World's Fair in the republic of Chile, reports to the Bureau of American Republics that be hm recited the mest gratifying en? couragement from the government of Chile with regard tc its represen ation at the World's Fair. He enclosed a let? ter from the minister of foreign affairs at Santiago as follows : **Io reply to your letter sod to our conversation as to whether Chile would take part and in what degree in th? Columbian Exposition that is going to take place in Chicago, I bave the honor of telling you, after having re? ceived orders from the President and ihe subsequent instructions of my colleagues, that the Government and people of Chile will cheerfully ooo trie? ste to it. "Ratifying the request previously made for one hundred metres ot vpace as necessary for the product of Chile, I have the honor to assent to the three petitions that you presented in your fe ter that I ha re just replied to. "As soon as my colleague?, of indus? try" and public works, of finance and interior, to whom it belongs to suggest the appropriations and to order such means for the affair as they may decide proper for the subject, it ?ill give me pleasure to inform you of them/' The Growth of the South. CHATTANOOGA, TENN, December 26. -The Tradesman publishes a review of the growth of the Southern States sinse 1880, which shows a remarkab'e development in that section. The review includes the States of Ala? bama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississipi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten? nessee, Texas and Virginia. The fol? lowing comparisons are made by the Tradesman, based on the census re? view, tlte three groups of figures rep? resenting the totals for the years 1690 and 18^0 and the rate of i ncr ease ex j cept where the decrease is specified : Population, 18,319,714,15,257,393. 20.7. ~ Whites, 11,850,925. 9,692,628. 22 3 . Colored, 6,467,851. 5,657,635. 16.1. Indebtedness : State, net $96,460,126. $178,195, 252. Decrease 18 4. County, net $20,409,987. $24,111, 154. Decrease 14.8 Annual interest on debt, $111,144, 897. $14,000,384. Decrease 26.6. Minerals : TODS coal mined, 15,375,550, 2,593,736 489.7. Coke, tons 1,837,447. . Total mineral output, value $58, 079.157. $7,143,750. 443 0 Ootputiron, tous 164,463. 290,772. 467.1. Schools : Revenues, $16,862,117. $5,067, 0*1. 213.4. Illiterate, 3,843,527. 4,268,863. Decrease 10.0. The Tradesman supplements these figures with reports up to i ?92, the figures being for the years 1891 and 1880, with the percentage of increase or decrease : Northerners living in South, 615, 250. 244,855. 1513. Foreigners, 708,264.420,871. 68 4. Wealth assessed, $3.988,777,563. $2,164,155,795. 79.4. Assessed wealth per capita, $217. 75. $148.55.46.2. Total taxes per $100. $1 31. $1 58. Decrease 20.7. Capital : banking capital, $134, 589,743. $29,337, 770. 359 3 Banking surplus, $32,425,146. $5, 123,368. 532.9. Deposits in banks, $207,274,558. $62,846,600. 229 8. Amount iu savings bank, $11,764, 862 $4,686.200. 116.2 Mileage iu lines, 43,423. 19,572. 121 7. Mileage of tracks, 51,360. 21,634. 1374. Steel trackage, 42,279. 5,620. 652 8. Gross earnings, $154,682,773. $47,455.675. 225.S. Net earnings, ^$46,385,537. $17, 319, 233. 167 7. Manufacturers : Number estab? lishments 57,013. 34,565.65. Capital, $582,?70,600. $179,336, 230. 225 5 Hands employed, 502,115 215,410. 133 5. Value products, $806,024,500. $315,924.794. 141 4. Cottou mills, 339. 161. 110.6. Number spiudles, 1,972,397. 542, 048.263.7. Looms, 40,718. 17,899. 243 8. Cotton seed crashed, tons, 865,450. 294,519. 170.1. Lumber : Saw mills, 12,250. 6,266. 95.5. Plauing mills, 1,492. 251 496 4 Capital in lumber, $80,650,000 $25,254,251 219 3. Value products, saw mills, $117, 687,850. $38,117,096 208. ? Value 'products planing mills, $8, 872,800. $3,405,023 161. Other lumber products, $29,214, 450. $11,236,218. 160. Agriculture ; Farms, 2,168,520,. 1,551,067 . 4? Lands under crops, acres, 82,465,-. 136.54,676,145. 58. Cotton products, bales 8,233,622 5,733,672. 87.3. Fruit value, $40,526,000. $9,084, 173. 346. Total value all farm products, $], 068,450,200. $611,699,145. 78-1. Number of live stock, 49,715,741. 39,448,360. 28.7. United States Language. The London Spectator recently said, with a liberality as generous as unexpected, that the prose now being writteu on this side of tlte Atlantic is often more scholarly and has a great? er sense of distinction and of foi ce and clearness than on the other side. To this may be added the prediction of Theodore Watt, in his article on "The Future of American Litera? ture," that ' So full is America of every kiud of Anglo Saxon force, so full of literary as weH as mechanical genius, that 1 believe the great Eng? lish writers of the twentieth century may well be born on American soil." Beyond question there has grown up in the United States not only a cer? tain-style of vocables, buta distinc? tive literary style as well, especially iu prose. We have not been satis? fied merely to spell f*honor" and "color" and like words without the u to which the English adhere so per* sistently, but we have formulated uew sets aud series of ideas upon the subjects of honor and color and many others. Whether the change in spelling has induced the change in habits of thought might be an interest? ing speculation, but, however this may be, no one who reads with any exercise at all of the critical faculty can fail to be struck with the distinc? tion rather than the difference be? tween English and American prose. It is really much easier to see and appreciate this distinction than to explain or define it. The language being common to both countries, there can be none of those idiomatic differences which distinguish foreign languages from English. Thc basis of English and American speech is the same, and much of the superstruc? ture is identical, yet there is seldom any difficulty in saying of an author that he is American or English, as the case may be. Recent critics have professed to find the distinction most clearly marked in short stories. They say that there is a freshness, vigor, verve and modernness, to say j nothing of a national atmosphere, about the American short story which is sadly lacking in the same kind of English literature. Kipling, of course, is not a cuse in point, since his short stories are very deci? dedly un-English in any aspect in which they can be considered. But leaving out of consid?ration fiction, which is, under any view of it- largely adventitious, and calculated rather to amuse and please than to instruct, it must be admitted by the candid critic that the London Spectator has much reason for its declaration. A compar? ison of the English of the best articles hi the Forum and North American and similar magazines with the Eng? lish and Scotch monthlies will con vince anyone that the former has a clean-cut, distinct, analytical and log? ical quality which the latter has not ; there is an accuracy in the use of words, an appreciation of delicate shades of meaning and a certain directness of purpose which most modern English writers do not seem able to compose. For this reason it is only a source of amusement to us to read the lament of certain English writers over the want of a distinc? tively American literature. They ap? pear to think that an American litera? ture must necessarily deal chiefly, if not wholly, with Indians, Niagara Falls, Yellowstone Park, the Yosem? ite Valley and similar natural and indigneous entities or product-. They fail to see that the United States has outgrown Fenimore Cooper and his leather stocking tale?, and that we assert and maintain the right to discuss and deal with all the complex problems of nature and humanity on equal terms with the rest of the world, but in our own way and that out of this intellectual independence and vigor has grown what may be called, with al! propriety, the United States language.-San Fran? cisco Chronicle. The Trial of Aaron Burr. The 22d of May, 1807, opened with au intense excitement in the metro? polis of Virginia Throngs pressed into the city from the break of day, from all the neighboring region Car? riages 8wept along the street filled with finely dressed ladies and gentle? men with powdered wigs and showy buckles, whipping in from their es? tates in the adjacent country Upon the bench with Chief Justice Marshall sat Cyrus Griffin, the judge of the District of Virginia. Calm, dignified, as competent to try the most import? ant case which had as yet presented itaef in the American republic as the best judge who had ever worn Eng? lish ermine, Marshall was then in the veiy prime of mental and physical vigor, having only passed his fifty second birthday. If John Marshall was the great judge of the day, Wirt, on the side of the prosecution, and Luther Martin, on the side of the prisoner, were two of the roost skilful lawyers. William Wirt was then about thirty-five, and had been associated by Jefferson with George limy, the prosecuting attor? ney, son ju law of Monroe, as one of the most expert advocates of Virginia Alexander McKae, the Lieutenant Governor of the State, acted with them. Hay was shrewd and alert, but scarcely equal to the occasi-m. McRae vi as keen, sarcastic, and indefatigable. On Wirt mai:;!y rested the herculean aud impossible ta>k of fastening the charge of treason upon the prisoner. Wirt joined to the other ordinary talents of the lawyer a great fulness, ease, and force of declamation, which was apt to carry juries. Barr led on his own side, dressed with his accustomed scrupu? lous neatness. Ile brought a cool head, a quick sight, and a moderately fluent tongue to bear adroitly in his own behalf. Joined with him in his defeuce was Edmund Randolph, au elderly gentleman who had been a leader in the Convention for framing the Constitution, and afterwards the successor of Jefferson as Secretary of State under Washington. Ile was second cousin to John Randolph of Roanoke, aud had resigned his Secre? taryship at the capital under serious suspicions. There were also John Wickarn, one of the ablest lawyers in Richmond ; Baker, a lame lawyer, who, if he depended upon a crutch, had a full compensation for his bodily weakness in a ready wit, a fertile brain, and an exhaustlcss tongue ; and Benjamin Botts, the father of John Minor Botts, a man of unconquerable will and fine ability. But Luther Martin, of Maryland, was, next to Burr himself, the bulwark of the al? leged conspirator. Versatile, un? scrupulous, fond of a vulgar joke, given to extravagant profaneness, aud never in better condition than when stimulated by huge draughts of wine or brandy, Luther Martin was es? teemed as one of the best lawyers of his time. Ile, too, had been a member of the Philadelphia Conven? tion from which issued the Constitu? tion, and had come prominently into notice in the impeachment of Judge Chase before the United States Sen? ate, at the close of Burr's chairman? ship of that body, when his sharpness, strength, and fitness for conducting a defence gave him a high place iu the judgment of Burr. Tne tilt of the Richmond trial was between Martin and William Wirt, lt was the 30th of August before the trial was com? pleted. The principal witnesses against Burr were General Eaton and General Wilkinson. The evidence may be summed up in a few words. Burr had been in the habit of talking wildly about the crazy Constitution, and thc certainty of the Union expiring in a convulsion. Among most intimate friends, and with others sometimes when more than usually confidential,* he had not hesitated to speak, with a military accent, of throwing the administration at Washington info the Potomac. The expedition which he j bad arranged was meant to seize Spanish teiritory, ont of which a great Pacific empire was to be formed, over which Burr and Theodosia were to reign after the Napoleonic manner j in France Wilkinson was to stand at their right hand, only second to Aaron. Iiis expectations was strong that affairs in the United States would so shape themselves that the Western States and Territories would break loose from the Union, and join their fortunes with the more splendid Mex? ican Empire. It was possible, in car? rying out his plans, that, to obtain the necessary money, New Orleans might be seized and the bank plun? dered, though this was only dimly revealed as a very natural suspicion through the thick veil in which the adventurer's scheme was necessarily hidden. No state of actual war was shown to have existed in which Burr was guilty of any overt act of treason* ! No two witnesses showed, nor did i any one claim that there had been, on the part of Burr any overt act of treason in the district in which the tr al was taking place. Nine days were spent in arguing the inadmissibility of indirect evi? dence, and iii settling the point that a direct act of treason must first of all be proved. When the decision of Judge Marshall was rendered that before any evidence showing inten? tion could be admitted, the fact of trea=-on must be shown in some dis? tinctly treasonable act,'the trial was virtually set1 ied. Seldom has such a debate been heard in England or America as that which began on the 20th of Anglist. Wirt, on the part of the prosecution, excelled himself in splendid declamation, while Lather Martin, more than his match in abil? ity, and with the master position to maintain, tore in shreds the evidence offered, and battered into the finest dust the strongest positions of the prosecution. With a memory sin? gularly retentive, great quickness in perceiving and taking an advantage, and with an immense fertility of re? sources, he moved steadily upon the intrencliments of tlie Attorney-Gene? ral, and the abandon of a convivial man, never absolutely sober, only seemed to bring his faculties more under his control, and to mass bis forces for overwhelming victory. His final speech occupied fourteen hours, in which lie traversed the whole line of testimony adduced by the prosecution, and showed that no treasonable act of any weight what? ever had been established against the prisoner. Randolph concluded the debate, on the 29th of August. After Luther Martin's torrent of bitter sarcasm and storm of fiery eloquence it was the mere pattering of a summe? 's shower Judge Marshall summed up in a deci? sion which required three hours to read, the point of which was that no overt act of treason had been shown against Burr, and that, accordingly, the jury must acquit him. In accord^ ance with this decision the jury, on the morning of August SO, 1807, re? turned their verdict of not guilty, and the prisoner was released.-From "Aaron Burr's Conspiracy and Trial/' by Walter Drysdale, in Harper's Magazine for January. - ??+~?--? Old Blockade Runner Dead. ANNAPOLIS, Md , Dec. 29 -Captain John Wilkenson, aged about 67 years, died at his home here to-day. Captain Wilkenson entered the navy in 1837 and rose to the rank of Lieu? tenant but resigned at the breaking ont of the war and went South. Ile commanded the Confederate steamer Robert E. Lee and was considered the most successful blockade runner of the war. Ile has resided in An? napolis for a number of years and has had a school for preparation of candi? dates for the naval academy. Decollete Dress. The Vanity of Woman is the Last TJiing tliat Can Be Touched by Ar gument-Strict Censure Against Women Who Follow that Fashion. Two Southern correspondents, one a lady, the other gentleman, have asked me to say something about the pres? ent style of discollete dreys, for dinner and evening parties. They think that ali women writers who believe in good morals, not to say common decency, should lift up their voices, and scratch with their pens uutil a change is effect? ed. Notwithstanding the gravity of the subject this is funny, because the van? ity of woman is the last thing that can be touched hy argument. Let us take a woman with a plain face, perhaps, and not a particularly good figure. If her neek is pretty and ber head light she will show more of the former than the judicious care to see. I doubt if such an one would hearken to the voice of an angel or heed the words of the inspired. Our masculine correspondent de? clares that "every woman who thu* pub? licly degrades herself is a bad woman at heart and not to be trusted." The feminine protester is sure that the majority of those who dresi in this in? delicate manner are good and noble ladies, who simply bow to the decrees of fashion. I do not think that either conclusion is correct, for I know some women, who are most lovely and most discreet, who absolutely-according to parties. On the other hand I have seen many women who were not in the least like Caesar's wife," array them? selves in the same fashion. Again I have ''OowD very bad women iudeed to be extremely fastidious and critical on the subject of decollete gowns. Personally, I despise such a fashion, and while always urging women to in? dependence of thought and action, and believing that they should have the right to mold their lives according to the dictates of their consciences, I will say that I never see a wife with an my standard--appear indecent at dinner indelicately exposed neck that I do not wonder what under heaven her husband can be thinking of to allow her to do such a thing. Of course I immediately take myself to task for even thinking "allow," but if I were a man with a wife who favored such a style she would hear from me io a way that would pret? ty soon build up ber bodice If she preferred to publicly advertise her charms she could do ii and take the consequences. I solemnly declare that I uever would live with a woman a sin? gle day who was so lacking in delicacy of fetling. My . observation has led me to the conclusion that every woman who thus exhibits herself, no matter bow rich, how exclusive, how near the top of the ?rst rauk of "The Four Hundred'' she may be, is always slightly regarded, and slightingly spoken of. "Who is that woman Y* a gentleman asked me one eveuing not long ago at a full dress reception. The inquirer was a man of affairs, a man who had seen tho world, but I doubt if ever in his whole career as a diplomat he had ever had occasion to elevate his nose to quite such a angle. Th? woman in question was not far from 00 years of age, had been mar? ried bve time*, and because of her money and the smartness of her vulgar car^pr, had kept a corner of society, which made it impossible not to tnett her on certain occasions, "he was painted and powdered to the last degree of facial embellishment, but this fres? coing had only served to emphasize her wiinklrs and the other marka of age. She wore white silk gown-a Worth, or a Ft-lix, I do not know which-with lace that was priceless and jewels were fabulous. Her hubbaud, a scoeib e ---?' ' " -.-n-i and fine looking man, accompanied and appeared to be quite proud cf effect of the most awful dect gown that I ever saw in all n?y and I have looked upon a good m "Why. that ts ?Ure-" I plied, "ls it possible that you do know her? Shall I ack one of reception committee to ?utroduce y "God forbid," said my cotupai "And may I ask," be added, ... you ladies can be thinking of to 1 such a creature ou your list of quaint zn ee?>V" ..Why, we can't help it," I repl '.Thone who do not wish to know are more or less in touch with ll who see much to admire tn her ci acter, and those who are under c g?tions to her for favors received, as these women are among the best we have, what can we do ? I am sure that her sfyle of dress is n pronounced than that of many of wives of our most distinguished i at home and abroad. At a London at a Warmington dinner party tl will be ten women to this one in a s ilar condition." '.Perhaps," was the contemptu anwer, "but this woman is vulgar the marrow of ber bone. She is t she cannot be, possessed of a sin womanly quality. I loathe the fash under ali circumstances, but it mained for a New York woman furnish the crowning instance of dec lette depravity. I wouid't have 1 my daughter here to-night for $0.001 Could he have said more of worst place tn the land ? And this * one of the most brilliant and high-tot receptions I respected that m Five minutes later [ saw him ti leave. Bis spiritual stomach was tu ed, not only on account of this ex; nent of vulgarity, but because dec? women would be seen in her compat I belonged to the company but not her eotctie, and yet I was une the ban I could not help recalii the story I once beard told of Dan Webster, who bad a keep-rool aversion to the d?collette. A la who was very "stylish," and w always appeared, wherever Bhe coi consistently do so, in a very lowneck bodice and short sleeves, once appe ed to Mr. Webster for help in soi suffrage scheme for women. T distinguished lawyer treated ber wi such scant civility that she asked friend-a gentleman-to try and fi out what was the matter. "Enough's the matter," said M Webster, "when a woman wbo bas brains enough to cover her nakedn< comes whimpering to me about t ballot for her sex, Mrs.--wai most unfortunate representative/7 ELEANOR KIRK -i ? i Hygiene. Dangers in our homes. It is a popular belief that, throng out their existence in this world, m and women are doomed to continua] combat dirt, disease and the dev Giants in theology have long taug the people how his satanic majesty to be met and routed, only, however, reappear with renewed energy for a fre conflict. The fathers in medicine ba taught how disease is to be met, bu for three thousand years, disease b stalked at midday amoug the cbtldn of men, slaying alike the aged man ai the innocent babe at its mother's breas It is only recently that intelligent UH bave begun to understand the causes disease and the conditions which mal it possible for disease to exist and spread : and still more recently th< have secured the kuowledge which wil in time, banish many common diseas altogether. In past centuries tl plague, the oholera, the smallpox ac other diseases swept over Europe repea edly, destroying people by the tbousan and even by the million, in some cast leaving not more than one-tenth of tl people alive ; in other cases whole di tricts were abandoned and became tl abode of wild beasts. But these disea es, with scurvy and typhus fever (ja fever), are nearly unknown now in cn iltZed comuoities, and we are just c the point of banishing in like mann* the scourges of childhood, diptherh scarlet fever, measles and whoopin cough, and the plagues of manbooc pulmonary consumption and typboi fever. We believe that we have know edge enough to-day to enable ns to liv and avoid tbe greater portion of the dit eases to which the human family is sot ject, and we fully believe the old phil osopber. Jobo Locke, that "pre ven tin is better than cure, and far cheaper." It is in and about our homes that th most of tbe causes .of disease will b found, and because most of us bav failed to detect them they are calle' "Hidden Causes of Disease." Let u begin our search in the cellar and pro ceed through the house to the garret. As a rule the most dangerous plac in an American bouse is the cellar 1 is often damp, and too often uot thor oughly clean. Damp, foul odors da by day arise from the unventilated ant dark cellar, and pass to every room ic the house, carrying the seeds of rheu? matism, diptberia, pneumonia, colds consumption, etc., to the inmates Many families who wooder why it h that the children are sick could discover the reason by going iuto tbe cellar. Dr. R. G. Kedzie, of the Michigan Agricultural College, thus speaks : "Go down into the cellar and exam? ine the foundations of life; see whether the cellar is dry and weil ventilated, and the air sweet and wholesome} that no vegetables and unless rubbish of any kind ere left to rot in your cellar ; or do you find all kinds of things going to decay, the cellar wet, tbe walls slimy, mould spreadiug over everything, anda close stifling odor pervading the air of your cellar ? If these inanimate things could give voioe to their warn? ing, what a sound would startle our ears in hundreds of cellars in our State ; 'Here lie in ambush dipt herta and mem? branous croup, the destroyers of child? hood, and typhoid fever, that strikes at all ages, here lurk the seeds of con? sumption to briog forth the slow but sure harvest of lamentation and woe? 'For the stones shall cry out of the wall and the beam out of the timbers shall answer it.' But though these voiceless things speak no word of warning, they bang out the fiag of danger ; the spot? ted mould and fungus attacking the timbers of your cellar show that de? structive tendencies are at work. Why, mau, death io gnawing the very sills of your house, and shall be spare these tender morsels, your cbildreu 1 These damp, musty, mouldy cellars are the geed beds of disease. Du not hope to preserve health over such a charnel j house. Do uot leave vegetables to rot in your cellar to ppread rottennesi -- - ---- I through all your house. The wet cel j lar foretells wet eyes upstairs. Drain i it, and underdrain the surrounding soil, HO that your cellar shall always be dry. Drive out all mustiness and mould by ventilation and by abundant usc of whitewash. Make the air of your cel? lar at all times sweet and wholesome, because much of this air will find its way into the rooms above. But if you j neglect all of these thing* and the An? gel of Death spreads bis dark wings over your household, do not charge the effects of your nastiness and laziness to a very mysterious Providence. 4 A pru? dent man iorseeth the evil and hidetb himself; but the foolish pass oo and are punished/ The cellar should be as dry, as clean, as sweet as any room upstairs. It should be whitewashed, not once a year, but if at aH musty once a mouth. Open all its windows and ventilate completely. You may wouder how a dirty cellar effects the dwellers in the room above. It is because the disease germs, which are in the air of the cellar, pass with that air into the rooms above. There are fires lighted in winter, the cold air on the outside presses into the cellar, and the air there presses up into the boose. There is no such thing as keep? ing foul air in the cellar. It will go throughout the bou>e. The only thing to do in the matter is to keep the cellar clean and dry, else fevers, malaria, croup and consumption may be expect* ed in the rooms above. From the cellar, we pass up to the kitchen, where we examine the drain and sewage pipes. These are often in lets for poisonous gases. Even dish? water will coat a drain with foul sub? stances, which will decompose and send into the house most dangerous gases. Every drain pipe should be trapped ; but that is not enough. Proper disinfectants should bo dissolved in hot water, and at least once a week poured iuto the drains. The best sub? stance that I know of for this purpose is green vitriol, a pound to a gallon of hot water. In towns and cities connect? ed with a general system of sewage, everything that is foul and death bear? ing may enter through the sewage pipes. Here, especially, we may look for ty ph ?od fever and diphtheria, as also malaria. There are other elements of danger in the kitchen. The particles of food which adhere to the vessels, pans, dishcloths, etc., decompose and form breeding spots for disease. Decaying matter may cause disease in at least two different ways. 1. The putrid mattter, through chemical changes, may develop substances which are actively poisonous to the human system ; and 2. In this putrid matter may be formed the natu? ral food elements for disease germs, bacteria, and low forms of life, which, introduced iuto the human body, have the power of multiplying there and of producing very destructive results. ! All who have had any experience at this point know bow necessary it is to be constantly on the guard here. These disease germs form their homes in the filth, get into our food and often produce the most serious results. A poison called ty roto xi con was discovered a few years ago by Dr. V. C. Vaughan in cheese, and it is now known that cheese and ice cream poiaining are caused by this substance, and Dr. Vaughan thinks it is the sole cause of cholera infantum, and possibly also of the milk sickness of new countries. Garbage and slops from the kitchen when thrown around the yard in sloven? ly manner, decompose and emit gases poisonous to man, and form at the same time breeding beds for poisonous germs. In rainy seasons a large portion of the filth often finds its way into the well or cistern. Kitchen slops and garbage are doubtless often the canse of malaria, diarrhoea, dysentery and most serious troubles in country and village homes. In towns the garbage fhould be re? moved daily if possible, and in all cases before it has time to decompose. The pipes which cary off the slops from the kitchen should be securely trapped that: no foul gases enter the house through them. lu country places, villages, etc., the ?.lops from the kitchen should be carried at least 100 feet from the bouse and the well, in glazed pipes, securely' cemented at the joints, and can then be used to fertilize the garden plot or the fruit trees. The solid garbage, at parings, etc., may be thrown into a pit io the garden and kept covered with earth nntil decomposed, when it may be applied to the soil.-National &.*ptist. i- ? ? -i Horsehair Snakes. There is a current delusion in almost every community, ?specially in farming districts, where people have a bettet chance to observe such things, that horsehairs are capable of being converted into snakes. The question has often beet? discussed, but still there aro some fea? tures about the matter that may not prove uninteresting. To begin with, the root of the hair mnst be with it or else it will not take on a "living, snake like" ex? istence, :is sonic claim it really does under certain conditions. In muddy, tepid water the hair, through its roots, in accordance with the law of life by the law of affiinty, absorbe vitalizing elements the same as it did when on the animal. And the substance of tho hair being animal as well as vegeta? ble life, it innatural ly more or less sensi? tive to the touch. For more than a quarter of a century the evolutionist ha* laid more or less stress upon this horse? hair snake phenomena: bnt the whole argument has but little weight from the evolutionist's standpoint, ns there is nc reproduction among these "snakes;*' without reproduction their whole faith is a delusion.- St. Louis Republic. REAL ESTATE AGENCY. THE UNDERSIGNED bss established a Real Estate and Collection Agency io Sumter and desires property holders having property for sale Of rent to list same with him. Tenants secured and rents collected proraptlr. Beat references given. Apr. 30. W. H. COMMANDER. ' . v-.--.\ r;- i : I , I /.'?:.? ht i .\ /-Vi at ten?k-?1 t<> f.?r MODERATE />/'> Our office te oj>|tiiMt(. the t' s. Patent IHfirwi nti<\ rte r.n ob? tain Patents in less time (Itiifl ih?we rent?te from ti'ASHISKroS. s-n.l MflhE!:. i ?RA li'I Mi or PHOTO nf IffVpfiftxti. WV H?1VKC iw ??.. pntctit nbilltv free of rliarst* *'?<t ?*o make AO > Il A RUE VS/.?XS 1'AT.EST ?S SE' t'UEl*. Kur I'irC'ilnr. n?lvic<; terms ?u?l feffrfeiirfg to orion! rJifttfs in v??nr??wti State.? omuv. <'ity ??r town, write Ut Za2?&rttl?M.^t?VI1M?l?'?TA Omnmte. fntmf Offirr. Washington. D C FIB8T CUSS JOB MOHR AT BOTTOM PRICES* W ATC IM'AN m N?IV1IRUN J ii 8 OKKirE 7 HATCH OUT A CHICKEN! Neither will proclamations on dead "W. walls revive languishing trade, NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING ' . Is the great IN KU BATOR FOR HATCHING > OUT BUSINESS. >^ 0>?OJr*VELL $ co. FALL and WINTER = ANNOUNCEMENT. = Our stock is more camplete than ever before in the history of our business career. We appreciated the fact at the time of buying our Fail stock that COTTON WOULJ BE LOW AND CONSEQUENTLY MONEY SCARCE, so our attention was devoted exclusively to seeming only BARGAINS IN ALL OUR DEPARTMENTS. Particularly is this the case in our DRY GOODS DEPARTMENT. Space will not permit an enumeration of the many attraction* in this line, but close buyers will find it to their interest to give us a call before laying in their Winter supply. Our stock of CARPETS AND RUGS is large and varied, and should not fail to attract any one need? ing anything in this line* OUR SHOE STOCK is complete in every particular. Remember we are still the sole agents for E. P. REED & CO'S FINE KID BUTTON BOOTS FOR LADIES, every pair of which is warranted or money refunded. Now, that the weather is getting cold we must remind .you cf our CLOTHING STOCK for you will soon need your Winter suit and overcoat, and if you wish to buy both at what you would expect to pay else? where for the suit alone, our stock is the place to get it Hats! Hats! Hats! Many a man who will read this advertisement is still wearing one of our last Winter ONE DOLLAR HATS, and if he wants another to last him until next Fall, he had better hurry up and get it, for they are going very rapidly. We feel that our GROCERY STOCK needs no comment-our reputation in this line is too well estab? lished. We buy our goods from first hands in car lots and sell them at prices that will not admit of cutting by our competitors* In conclusion, we beg to thank our many friends, particularly THE FARMING ELEMENT, for the liberal patronage bestowed upon us, and, as a guarantee to them against The Baits of Competitors, WE WILL ME KT ANY PRICE QUOTED them in any department of our store. Respectfully, O'DONNELL, & CO. Oot. 21. SUMTER, S. C. MAIN STEET, NEXT DOOR TO B. J. BARNETT. HAS OK EA1A ll, FRESH ?ri A??RACTI7I LU OF Fine and Staple Groceries, -CANNED GOODS, &c. And guarantees the best value for the money to be found in the city. All I ask is a call when you want anything in my line. You shall be pleased in every trade. All Giiflis Delivered Free Aiywte in ile City Limits. Send in your orders, and oblige, Very resp't., Hi- "W\ JOYE. Ort. 27. When the Breeze Dies Out Take to the Oars I ;;. When Business Lan? guishes, push it. The best advertising does not consist of wind alone, lt has Strength and Power. It will pro? pel your craft into the harbor of prosperity, against adverse tides and over dangerous shoals.