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Tam SQBTEK WATCHMAN, Ewabiiihed April, 1S50. "Be Jnst and Fear not--i.et all the Ends thon Aims't at. be thy Country's, thy Qod's and Truth's .* THIS TRDE SOUTHRON, Estnbiished Jo??, i=e# Consolidated Aug. 2, 1881.1 ggfofafrad groy Wednesday, BT 24. GK OSTEEN, SUMTER, S. C. TBRMS: Two Dollars per annum-in advance. 1DTCSTI8EKIRTB. , firstinsertion....$1 00 : insertion. 50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be made at reduced rates. All communications which subserve private nterests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be chanced for. i ; lakes Child Birth Easy.? Shortens Labor, I < I Lessens Pata, . {; Bvifflrcrd by the Leac%rg Physicians. . < ? Booie to "Mothers" taailed TRZJS. ? < ? BRADFIELD RECULATOR CO. . ! ? ATLANTA, GA. * . \ ? SOLD BY ALL, DRUGGISTS. * Are You Interested? 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In? terest allowed at the rate of 4 per cent, per ann-. Payable quarterly, on first days of Jsaaacj, April, inly and October. ?i?l ? " E. M. WALLACE, ?>V V ^ Vice President. L. 8. CaMOV, Aag. 1 Cashier. m UKI of sn?, SUMTER, S C. CITY AND COUNTY DEPOSITORY. ; Transacts a general Banking business. Also has A Evings Bank Department. . Deposits of $1.00 and upwards received. Interest calculated at the rate of 4 per cent. ,per ann ana, payable quarterly. W. F. B. HAYNS WORTH, A. Warre, JR., President. Cashier. Aug 21. 'Ti t ALTA "DENTIST. Office. OVER BROWNS A PURDY'S STORE.' Entrance on Main Street, Between Browns A Purdy and Durant A Son. OFFfCfi HOURS: +av* 9 to 1.30; 2 to 5 o'clock. ?mter;;S.C<Aprim. . a W. DICK, D. D. S. ... . Office over Begin's New Store, nrnuscs OH MAIM STKEBT SUMTER, S. C. Office Hours.-9 to 1:30 ; 2:30 to 5. 8apt8 _ Br. T. W. BOOKHART* DENTAL SURGEON. Office over Bultman A Bro.'s Shoe Store. ENTRANCE ON MAIN STREET. SUMTER. S. C. Office Hours-9 to 1:30 ; 2:30 to 5. April 17-o_ .G-LENN SPRINGS MINERAL WATER A Safe, Pleasan and Effective Remedy for al ~ea '. diseases of the IT ACTS ON THE BOWELS, CLEANSES THE SYSTEM, AND REGULATES THE LIVER, ? And is a specific for most fi1 FEMALE DISORDERS. SIMPSON & SIMPSON, Proprietors, G Ie DD Springs, S. C. - For sale by ali leading Druggists. ? IRVING S COLUMBUS. The Great Discoverer's First Voyage to America. A Far More Wonderful Story Than the Most Brilliant Imagination Has Yet Conjured, Told in the Words of One of the Masters of Litera? ture. rcONTTNTTED.3 CHAPTER VIII. FURTHER COASTING OF CUBA. While awaiting the return of his em bassadors the admiral ordered the ships to be careened and repaired, and employ? ed himself in collecting information con cerning the country. On the day after their departure he ascended the river in boats for the distance of two leagues un? til he came to fresh water. Here land? ing, he climbed a hill to obtain a view of the interior. His view, however, was shut in by thick and lofty forests of wild but beautiful luxuriance. Among the trees were some which he considered lin?loes; many were odoriferous, and he doubted not possessed valuable aro? matic qualities. There was a general eagerness among the voyagers to ,find the precious articles of commerce which grow in the favored climes of the east, and their imaginations were continually deceived by their hopes. For two or three days the admiral was excited by reports-of cinnamon trees and nutmegs and rhubarb: but on examina? tion they all proved fallacious. He showed the natives specimens of those and various other spices and drugs, and understood from them that those arti? cles abounded to the southeast. He showed them gold and pearls, also, and several old Indians spoke of a country where the natives wore ornaments of them round their necks, arms andx an? kles. They repeatedly mentioned the word Bohio, which Columbus supposed to be the name of the place in question, and that it was some rich district or island. They mingled, however, great extravagancies with their imperfect ac? counts, describing nations at a distance who had but one eye; others who had the heads of dogs and who were canni? bals-cutting the throats of their, prison? ers and sucking their blood. All these reports of gold and pearls and spices, many of which were prob? ably fabrication., to please the admiral, feuded to keep up the persuasion that he . vas among the valuable coasts and is? lands of the east. On making a fire to heat the tar for careening the ships the seamen found that the wood they burned sent forth a powerful odor, and, on ex? amining it, declared that it was mastic. The wood abounded in the neighboring forests, insomuch that Columbus natter? ed himself a thousand quintals of this precious gum might be collected every year, and a more abundant supply pro? cured than that furnished by Scios and other islands of the Archipelago. In the course of their researches in the vegetable kingdom in quest of the luxuries of com? merce, they met with the potato, a hum? ble root, little valued at the time, but a more precious acquisition to man than all the spices of the east. On the 6th of November the two am? bassadors returned, and every one crowded to hear tidings of the interior of the country, and of the prince to whose capital they had been sent. After penetrating twelve leagues they had come to a village of fifty houses, built similarly to those of the coast, but larger, the whole village containing at lease a thousand inhabitants. The na? tives received them with great solem? nity, conducted them to the best house and placed them in what appeared to be intended for chairs of state, being wrought out of single pieces of wood, into forms of quadrupeds. They then offered them fruits and vegetables. Having complied with the laws of sav? age courtesy and hospitality, they seated themselves on the ground around.their visitors, and waited to hear what they had to communicate. The Israelite, Luis de Torres, found bia Hebrew, Chaldaic and Arabic of no" &v*i?, atd the Lucayen interpreter l%ad to be the orator. He made a regular speech after the Indian manner, in which he extolled the power, the wealth and munificence of the white man. When he had finished, the Indians crowded round these wonderful beings, whom, as usual, they considered more than human. Some touched them4 examining their skin and raiment, others kissed their hands and feet in token of submission or adoratiou In a little while che men withdrew and were succeeded by the women, and the same ceremonies were repeated. Some of the women had a slight covering of netted cotton around the middle, but in general both sexes were entirely naked. There seemed to be ranks and orders of society among them, and a chieftain of some authority, whereas among all the natives they had previously met with a complete equality seemed to prevail. There was no appearance of gold or other precious articles, and when they shooed specimens of cinnamon, pepper and other spices, the inhabitants told them they were not to be found in that neighborhood, but far off to the south? west The envoys determined, therefore, to return to tn? snips. Tne nat'ives would fain have induced them to remain for several days; but seeing them bent on departing a great number were anxious to accompany them, imagining they were about to return to the skies. They took with them, however, only one of the principal men, with his son, who were attended by a domestic. On their way back they for the first cime witnessed the use of a weed, which the ingenious caprice of man has since converted into a universal luxury in defiance of the opposition of the senses. They beheld several of the natives going about with firebrands in their hands and certain dried herbs which they rolled up in a leaf, and lighting one end put the other in their mouths and continued ex? haling and puffing out the smoke. A roll of this kind they called a tobacco, a 1 name since transferred to the plant of ! which the rolls were made. The Span iards, although prepared to meet with 1 wonders, were struck with astonishment 5 at this singular and apparently nauseous ' indulgence. < On their return to the ships they ( gave favorable accounts of the beauty and fertility of the country. They bad met with many hamlets of four or five 1 booses, well peopled, embowered among 5 trees laden with unknown fruits of '] tempting hue f*nd delightful flavor. \ Around them were fields cultivated with 1 the agi or sweet pepper, potatoes, maize ' or Indian corn, a species of lupin or pulse, and yuca, whereof they made their eas- j Bara bread. These, with the fruits of the groves, formed their principal food. ? There were vast quantities of* cotton, some just sown, some in full growth. There was great store of it also in their houses, some wrought into yarn, or into nets, of which they made their ham? mocks. They had seen many birds of rare plumage but unknown species; many ducks: several small partridges; and they heard the song of a bird which they had mistaken for the nightingale. All that they had seen, however, betok? ened a primitive and simple state of so? ciety. The wonder with which they had been regarded showed clearly that the people were strangers to civilized man, nor could they hear of any inland city superior to the one they had visited. The report of the envoys put an end to many splendid fancies of Columbus about the barbaric prince and his capital. He was cruising, however, in a region of enchantment, in which pleasing chimeras started tip at every step, exercising by turns a power over his imagination. During the absence of the emissaries the Indians had informed him, by signs, of a place to the eastward, where the people collected gold along the river banks by torchlight and afterward wrought it into bars with hammers. In speaking of this place they again used the words Ba beque ard Bohio, which he, as usual, supposed to be the proper names of is? lands or countries. The true meaning of these words has been variously explained. It is said that they were applied by the Indians to the coast of terra firma, called also by them Cantaba, lt is also said that Bohio means a house, and was often used by the Indians to signify the popu- j Iousness of an island. Hence it was fre? quently applied to Hispaniola, as well as the more general name of Hayti, which j means high land, and occasionally Quis- j queya, i. e., the whole, on account of its I extent The misapprehension of these and other words was a source of perpetual error to Columbus. Sometimes he sup? posed Babeque and Bohio to signify the same island: sometimes to be different places or islands; and Quisqueya he sup? posed to mean Quisai or Quinsai, i. e.. the celestial city, mentioned by Marco Polo. His great object was to arrive at some opulent and civilized country of the east, with which he might establish commercial relations, and whence he might carry home a quantity of oriental merchandise as a rich trophy of his dis? covery. The season was advancing; the cool nights gave hints of approaching winter; he resolved, therefore, not to proceed farther to the north, nor to lin? ger about uncivilized places, which, at present, he had not the means of colo? nizing, but to return to the east-south? east in quest of Babeque, which he trust? ed might prove some rich and civilized island on the coast of Asia Before leaving the river, to which he had given the name of Rio de Mares, he took several of the natives to carry with him to Spain, for the purpose of teach? ing them the language, that in future voyages tl ey might serve as interpre? ters. He took them of both sexes, hav? ing learned from the Portuguese discov? erers that the men were always more contented on the voyage and service? able on their return when accompanied by females. With the religious feeling pf the daj\ he anticipated great tri? umphs to the faith and glory to the crown from the conversion of these savage nations, through the means of the natives thus "instructed. He im ugifccG that the Indians had no system of religion, but a disposition to receiv its impressions, as they regarded wit [Treat reverence and attention the rc ligious ceremonies of the Spaniards, soo; repeating by rote any prayer taugb-' them, and making the sign of the eros with the most edifying devotion. They had an idea of a future state, but lim? ited and confused. "They confess the soul to be immortal," says Peter Mar? tyr, .*and having put off the bodily clothing, they imagine it goes forth to the woods and the mountains, and that it liveth there perpetually in caves; nor do they exempt it from eating and drink? ing, but that it should be feil there. The answering voices heard from caves and hollows, which the Latines call echoes, they suppose to be the souls of the de? parted, wandering through those places." From the natural tendency to devotion which Columbus thought he discovered among them, from their gentle natures and their ignorance of all warlike arts, he pronounces it an easy matter to make them devout members of the church and loyal subjects of the crown. He concludes his speculations upon the ad? vantages to be derived from the coloniza? tion of these parts by anticipating a great trade for gold, which must abound ; In the interior; for pearls and precious stones, of which, though he had seen none, he hail received frequent accounts; for gums and spices, of which he thought he had found indubitable traces, and for the cotton, which grew wild in vast quantities. Many of these articles, he observes, would probably find a nearer market than Spain, in the ports and cities of the great khan, at which he had . no doubt of soon arriving. CHAPTER IX. SEARCT? AFTER THE SUPPOSED ISLAND OF BABEQUE. On the 12th of November Columbus turned his course to the east-southeast to follow brxk the direction of the coast. This may be considered another critical change in his voyage, which had a great effect upon his subsequent discoveries. He had proceeded far within what is called the old channel, between Cuba and the Bahamas. In two or three days more he would have discovered his mis? take in supposing Cuba a part of terra (inna-au error in which he continued to the day cf his death. He might have had intimation also of the vicinity of the continent, and have st<x>d for the coast of Florida, or have been carried thither by the Gulf stream, or, continuing along Cuba where it bends to the southwest, might have struck over to the opposite coast of Yucatan and have realized his most sanguine anticipations in becoming the discoverer of Mexico. It was suffi? cient glory for Columbus, however, to have discovered a new world. Its more ?rolden regions were reserved to give splendor to succeeding enterprises. He now ran along the coast for two or ! three days without stopping to explore it. j is no populous towns or cities were to be seen. Passing by a great cape, to which ! be gave the name of Cape Cuba, he ?truck eastward in search of Babeque, ! but on the 14th a head wind and hoister- ? yus sea obliged him to put bael: and an- ? ?ior in a deep and secure harbor, to I which he gave the name of Puerto del Principe. Here he erected a cross on a neighboring height in token of posses? sion. A few days were passed in explor? ing with his boats un archipelago of small but beautiful islands in the vicin? ity, since known as El .Jardin del Rey. :>r the king's garden. The gulf studded with these islands lie named the sea of ; Nuestra SeiiDra: in modern days it has been a lurking place for pirates, who lave found secure shelter and conceal-' meut among the channels and solitary harbors of this archipelago. These islands were covered with noble trees, among which the Spaniards thought they discovered mastic and aloes. Un the 19th Columbus again put to sea, and for two days made ineffectual attempts against head winds to reach an island directly east, about sixty miles distant, which he supposed to be Ba beque. The wind continuing obstinately adverse and the sea rough, he put his ship abont toward evening of the 20th, making signals for the other vessels to follow him. His signals were unat? tended to by the Pinta, which was con? siderably to the eastward. Columbus repeated the signals, but they were still unattended to. Night coming on, he shortened sail and hoisted signal lights to the mast head, thinking Pinz?n would yet join him, which he could easily do, having the wind astern; but when the morning dawned the Pinta was no lon? ger to be seen. Columbus was disquieted by this cir? cumstance. Pinz?n was a veteran navi? gate, accustomed to hold a high rank among his nautical associates. The squadron had in a great measure been ! manned and fitted cut through his in ? fluence and exertions;, he could ill brook j subordination therefore to Columbus, i whom he perhaps did not consider his I superior in skill and knowledge, and ' who had been benefited by his purse. : Several misunderstandings and disputes had accordingly occurred between them j in the course of the voyage, and when j Columbus saw Pinz?n t hus parting com? pany without any appointed rendezvous, ; he suspected either that he intended to I take upon himself a separate command and prosecute the enterprise in his own natue, or hasten back to Spain and bear off the glory of the discovery. To tit tempt to seek him, howerer, was fruit? less; he was far ont of sight; his vessel was a superior sailer, and it was impos? sible to say what course he had steered. Columbus stood back, therefore, for Cuba, to finish the exploring of its coast: but he no longer possessed his usual serenity of mind and unity of pur? pose, aud was embarrassed in the prose? cution of his discoveries by doubts of the designs of Pinz?n. Ou the 24th of November he regained Point Cuba and anchored in a fine harbor formed by the mouth of a river, to which he gave the name, of St. Catherine. It was bordered by rich meadows: the neighboring mountains were well wood? ed, having ?unes tall enough to make masts for the finest ships.'and noble oaks. In the bed of the river were found stones vriued with gold. Rumbus continued for several dnvs coasting the residue of Cuba, extolling the magnificence, freshness and verdure of the scenery, the purity of the rivers and the number and commodiousness of the harbors. Speaking in his letters to the sovereigns of one place to which he gave the mime of Puerto Santo, h9 says, in his artless but enthusiastic language: "The amenity of this river, and the clearness of the water, through which the sand at the bottom may be seen; the multitude of palm trees of various forms, the highest and most beautiful that I have met with, and an infinity of other great and green trees; the birds in rich plumage and the verdure of the fields, render this country, most serene princes, of such marvelous beauty, that it sur? passes all others in charms and graces, as the day doth the night in luster. For which reason I often say to my people, that much as 1 endeavor to give a com? plete account of it to your majesties, my tongue cannot express the whole truth, nor can my pen describe it, and 1 have been so overwhelmed at the sight of so much beauty that I have not known how to relate it." The transparency of the water, which Columbus attributed to the purity of the rivers, is the property of the ocean in these latitudes. So clear is the sea in the neighborhood of some of these is? lands that in still weather the bottom may be seen, as in a crystal fountain, and the inhabitants dive down four or five fathoms in search of conchs and other shellfish, which are visible from the surface. The delicate air and pure waters of these islands are among their greatest charms. As a proof of the gigantic vegetation, Columbus mentions the enormous size of the canoes formed from single trunks of trees. Une that he saw was capable of containing 150 persons. Among other articles found in the Indian dwellings was a cake of wax. which he took to present to the Castilian sovereigns. "For where is wax," said he, "there must bea thousand other good things." It is since supposed to have been brought from Yucatan, a3 the inhabitants of Cuba were not accustomed to gather wax. On the 5th of December he reached the eastern end of Cuba, which he supposed to be the eastern extremity of Asia. He gave it, therefore, the name of Alpha and Omega-the beginning and the end He was now greatly perplexed what course to take. If he kept along the coast as it bent to the southwest it might bring him to the more civilized and opulent parts of india; but if he took this course he must abandon all hope of finding the is? land of Babeque, which the Indians now said lay to the northeast, and of which they still continued to give the most marvelous accounts. It was a state of embarrassment characteristic of this ex? traordinary voyage to have a new and unknown world thus spread out to the choice of the explorer, where wonders and beauties invited him on every side, but v";ere, whichever way he turned, he might leave the true region of profit and delight behind CHAPTER X. DISCOVERY OF HISPANIOLA. While Columbus was steering at large beyond the eastern extremity of Cuba, undetermined what course to take, he descried land to the southeast gradually increasing upon the view, its high moun? tains towering above the clear horizon and giving evidence of an island of great extent. The Indians, on beholding it, exclaimed Bohio, the name by which , Columbus understood them to designate some country which abounded in gold. When they saw him standing in that di- ? rection they showed great signs of ter? ror, imploring him not to visit it, assur? ing him by signs that the inhabitants were fierce and cruel, that they had but ; one eye and were cannibals. The wind ? being unfavorable and the nights long, i during which they did not dare to make j sail in these unknown seas, they were a ? great part of two days working up to the | island. ? In the transparent atmosphere of the l tropics objects are descried at a great ? distance, and the purity of the air and < serenity of the deep blue sky give a < magical eifert to the scenery. Under < these advantages the beautiful island of < Hay ti revealed itself to the eye as they ( approached. Its mountains were higher i and more rocky than those of the other ( ; islands, but the rocks rose from among j t rici) forests. The mountains swept down p into luxuriant plains and green savannas, while the ap?>earanee of cultivated fields of numerous fires at night and col mum of smoke by day, showed it to be popu? lous. It rose before them in all th? splendor of tropical vegetation, one ol the most beautiful islands in the world, and doomed to be one of the most un? fortunate. lu the evening of the 6th of Decembei Columbus entered a harbor at the west? ern end of the island, to which he gave the name of St Nicholas, by which it ii called at the present day. The harboi was spacious and deep, surrounded witt large trees, many of them loaded with fruit, while a beautiful plain extended in front of the port, traversed by a fine stream of water. From the number ol canoes seen in various parts there were evidently large villages in the neighbor? hood, but the natives had fled with terror at sight of the ships. Leaving the harbor of St. Nicholas on the 7th, they coasted along the northern side of the island. It was lofty and mountainous, but with green savannas and long sweeping plains. At one place they caught a view up a rich and smiling valley that ran far into the in? terior, between two mountains, and ap? peared to be in a high state of cultiva tion. For several days they were detained in a harbor which they called Port Con? ception; a small river emptied into it after winding through a delightful coun? try. The coast abounded with fish, some of which even leaped into their boats. They cast their nets, therefore, and caught great quantities, and among them several kinds similar to those of Spain-the first fish they had met with resembling those of their own country. The notes of the bird which they mis? took for the nightingale, and of several others to which they were accustomed, reminded them strongly of the groves of their distant Andalusia They fancied the features of the surrounding country resembled those of the more beautiful provinces of Spain, and in consequence the admiral named the island Hispan? iola. Desirous of establishing some inter? course with tho natives, who had aban? doned the coast on his arrival, he dis? patched six men, well armed, into the interior. They found several cultivated fields and traces of roads and places where fires h?:d been made, but the in? habitants had fled with terror to the mountains. Though the whole country was soli? tary and deserted. Columbus consoled himself with the idea that there must be populous towns in the interior, where the people had taken refuge, and that the fires he had beheld had been signal fires, like those lighted up on the moun? tains of Spain in the times of Moorish war, to give the alarm when there was any invasion of the seaboard. On the 12th of December Columbus, with great solemnity, erected a cross on a commanding eminence at the entrance of the harbor in sign of having taken pos? session. As three sailors were rambling about the vicinity they beheld a large number of the natives, who immediately iook flight, but the sailors pursued them and captured a young female, whom they brought to the ships. She was per? fectly naked-a bad omen as to the civ ilization of the island-but an ornament of gold in the nose gave hope of the pre? cious metal. The admiral soon soothed her terror by his kindness, and by pres? ents of beads, brass rings, hawks' bells and other trinkets, and having had her clothed, sent her on shore, accompanied by several of the crew and three of the Indian interpreters. So well pleased was she with her finery and with the kind treatment she had experienced that she would gladly have remained with the Indian women whom she found on board. The party sent with her returned on board late iu the night without ven? turing to her village, which was far in? land. Confident of the favorable im? pression which the report given by the woman must produce, the admiral on the following day dispatched nine stout hearted, well armed men to seek the village, accompanied by a native of Cuba as an interpreter. They found it alx>ut four and a half leagues to the southeast, in a fine valley, on the banks of a beautiful river. It contained 1,000 houses, but the inhabitants fled as they approached. The interpreter overtook them and as? sured them of the goodness of these strangers who had descended from the skies and went about the world making precious and beautiful presents. Thus assured, the natives ventured back to the number of 2,000. They ap? proached the Spaniards with slow and trembling steps, often pausing and putting their hands upon their heads, in token of profound reverence and submission. They were a well formed race, fairer and handsomer than the natives of the other islands. While the Spaniards were conversing with them by means of their interpreter, an? other multitude approached, headed by the husband of the female canti ire. They brought her in triumph on their shoulders, and the husband was profuse in his gratitude for the kindness with which she had been treated, and the magnificent presents which had been be? stowed upon her. The Indians now conducted the Span? iards to their houses, and set before them cassava bread, fish, roots and fruits Df various kinds. They brought also ?reat numbers of domesticated parrots, find indeed offered freely whatever they possessed. The great river flowing through this valley was bordered with noble forests, among which were palms, hanan;'s, and many trees covered with fruit and flowers. The air was mild as in April; the birds sang all day long, ind some were even heard in the night. The Spaniards had not learned as yet to iccount for the difference of seasons in this opposite part of the globe; they were astonished to hear tho voice of this supposed nightingale singing in the midst of December, and considered it a [>roof that there was no winter in this iiappy climate. They returned to the ships enraptured with the beauty of the country, surpassing, as they said, even the luxuriant plains of Cordova. All :hat they complained of was that they saw no signs of riches among the natives. And here it is impossible to refrain from dwelling on the picture given by ;he first discoverers of the state of man? iera in this eventful island before the irrival of the white men. According to ;heir accounts the people of Hayti ex sted in that state of primitive and sav ?ge simplicity which some philosophers lave foudly pictured as the most envi ible on earth, surrounded by natural blessings, without even a knowledge of irtificial wants. The fertile earth pio luced the chief part of their food almost ?vithout culture; their rivers and sea? coast abounded with fish, and they caught the utia, the guana, and a van? ity of birds. This, to beings of their rugal and temperate habits, was great i bun dan ce, and what nature furnished bus spontaneously they willingly shared vi tb all the world. Hospitality, we are told, was with them a law of nature universally ob? served; there was nO need of being known to receive its succors; every house was as open to the ? 'anger as his own. Columbus, too, in i .otter to Luis de St Angel, observes: "True it is that after they felt confidence and lost their fear of us, they were so liberal with what they possessed that it would not be believed by those who had not seen it. If anything was asked of them they never said no, but rather gave it cheer? fully, and showed as much amity as if they gave their very hearts; and whether the thing were of value or of little price they were content with whatever was given in return. In all these islands it appears to me that the men are all con? tent with one wife, but they give twenty to their chieftain or king. The women seem to work more than the men, and 1 have not been able to understand wheth? er they possess individual property, but rather think that whatever one has all the rest share, especially in all articles of provisions." One of the most pleasing descriptions of the inhabitants of this island is given by old Peter Martyr, who gathered it, as he says, from the conversations of the admiral himself. "It is certain," says he, "that the land amoug these people is as common as the sun and water, and that 'mine and thine,* the seeds of all mischief, have no place with them. They are content with so little that in so large a country they have rather super? fluity than scarceness, so that they seem to live in the golden world without toil, living in open gardens, not intrenched with dikes, divided with hedges or de? fended with walls. They deal truly one with "another, without laws, without books and without judges. They take him for an evil and mischievous man who taketh pleasure in doing hurt to an other.and albeit they delight not in super? fluities, yet they make provision for the increase of such roots whereof they make their bread, contented with such simple diet whereby health is preserved and disease avoided." Much of this picture may be overcol ored by the imagination, but it is gener erally confirmed by contemporary his? torians. They all concur in representing the life of these islanders as approach? ing to the golden state of poetical felici? ty; living under the absolute but patri? archal and easy rule of their caciques, free from pride, with few wants, an abundant country, a happily tempered climate and a natural disposition to care? less and indolent enjoyment CHAPTER XL COASTING OF HISPANIOLA. When the weather became favorable Columbus made another attempt on the the 14th of December to find the island of Babeque, but was again baffled by adverse winds. In the course of this attempt he visited an island lying oppo? site to the harbor of Conception, to which, from its abounding in turtle, he gave the name of Tortugas. The na? tives had fled to the rocks and forests, and alarm fires blazed along the heights. The country was so beautiful that he gave to one of the valleys the name of Valle de Para?so, or the Vale of Para? dise, and called a fine stream the Guad alquiver, after that renowned river which flows through some of the fairest provinces of Spain. Setting sail on the 16th of December at midnight, Columbus steered again for Hispaniola. When half way across the gulf which separates the islands, he perceived a canoe navigated by a single Indian, and. as on a former occasion, was astonished at his hardihood in ven? turing so far from land in so frail a bark and at his adroitness in keeping it above water, as the wind was fresh and there was some sea running. He ordered both him and his canoe to be taken on board; and having anchored near a village on the coast of Hispaniola, at present known as Puerto de Paz. he sent him on shore well regaled and enriched with varions presents. In the early intercourse with these people, kindness never seems to have failed in its effect The favorable ac? counts given by this Indian, and by those with whom the Spaniards had communi? cated in their previous landings, dis? pelled the fears of the islanders. A friendly intercourse soon took place, and the ships were visited by a cacique of the neighborhood. From this chieftain and his counselors Columbus had fur? ther information of the island of B.i beque, which was described as lying at no great distance. No mention is afterward made of thn island, nor does it appear that he unule any further attempt to seek it. No such island exists in the ancient charts, a? d it is probable that this was one of tie numerous misinterpretations of Indura words which led the first discoverers into so many fruitless researches. The people of Hispaniola appeared hand? somer to Columbus than any he had }*et met with, and of a gentle and peaceable disposition. Some of them had orna? ments of gold, which they readily gave away or exchanged for any trifle. The country was finely diversified with lofty mountains and green valleys, which stretched away inland as far as the eye could reach. The mountains were of such easy ascent that the highest of them might be plowed with oxen, and the luxuriant growth of the forests man? ifested the fertility of the soil. The val? leys were watered by numerous clear and beautiful streams; they appeared to be cultivated in many places, and to be fitted for grain, for orchards and pas? turage. While detained at this harbor by con trary winds Columbus was visited by a young cacique, who came borne by four men on a sort of litter and attended by 200 of his subjects. The admiral being at dinner when he arrived, the young chieftain ordered his followers to remain without, and entering the cabin took his seat beside Columbus, not permitting him to rise or use any ceremony. Only two old men entered with hi'*:, who ap? peared to be his counselors, and who seated themselves at his feet If any? thing were given him to eat or drink he merely tasted it and sent it to his fol? lowers, maintaining an air of great grav? ity and dignity. He spoke but little, his two counselors watching his lips and catching and communicating his ideas. After dinner he presented the admiral with a belt curiously wrought and two ' pieces of gold. Columbus gave him a piece of cloth, several amber beads, colored shoes and a flask of orange flower water; he showed him a Spanish coin on which were the likenesses of the king and queen, and endeavored to explain to him the power j and grandeur of those sovereigns: he i displayed, also, the royal banners and ! the standard of the cross, but it was all ; in vain to attempt to convey any clear j idea by these symbols. The cacique could not l>e made to believe that there j was a region on the earth which pro dnced these wonderful i>eople and won- j derful things. Ile joined in the com- I mon idea that the Spaniards were moro than mortal, and that the country and I avvcici^iia tnuj ui.iJi.eu Ul uiu&fa CAlbt somewhere in the skies? In the evening ile cacique was sent on shore in the boat with great ceremony, and a salute fired in honor of him. He departed in the state in which he had come, carried on a litter, accompanied by a great concourse of his subjects; not far behind him was his son. borne and escorted in like manner, and his brother on foot, supported by two attendants. The presents which he had received from the admiral were carried triumphantly before him They procured but little gold in this place, though whatever ornaments the natives possessed they readily gave away. The region of promise lay still further on, and one of the old counselors of the cacique told Columbus that he would soon arrive at islands rich in the precious ore. Before leaving this place, the admiral caused a large cross to be erected in the center of the village, and from the readiness with which the In? dians assisted, and their implicit imita? tions of the Spaniards in their acts of devotion, he inferred that it would be an easy matter to convert them all to Chris? tianity. On the 19th of December they made sail before daylight, but with an un? favorable wind, and on the evening of the 20th they anchored in a fine harbor, to which Columbus gave the name of St. Thomas, supposed to be what at present is called the Bay of Acul. It was sur? rounded by a beautiful and well peopled country. The inhabitauts came off, some in canoes, some swimming, bringing fruits of various unknown kinds, of great fragance and flavor. These they gave freely with whatever else they possessed, especially their golden ornaments, which they saw were particularly coveted by the strangers. There was a remarkable frankness and generosity about these people; they had no idea of traffic, but gave away every thing with spontaneous liberality. Columbus would not permit his people, however, to take advantage of this free disposition, but ordered that something should always be given in ex? change. Several of the neighboring ca? ciques visited the ships, bringing pres? ents and inviting the Spaniards to their villages, where, on going to land, they were most hospitably entertained. On the 22d of December, a large canoe filled with natives came on a mission from a grand cacique named Gnacana gari, who commanded all that part of the island. A principal servant of the chieftain came in the canoe, bringing the admiral a present of a broad belt, wrought ingeniously with colored beads and bones, and a wooden mask, the eyes, nose and tongue of which were of gold. He delivered also a message from the cacique, begging that the ships might come opposite to his residence, which was on a part of the coast a little further to the eastward. The wind preventing an immediate compliance with this in? vitation the admiral sent the notary of the squadron, with several of the crew, to visit the cacique. He resided in a town, situated on a river, at what they called Punta Santa, at present Grande Riviere. It was the largest and best built town they had yet seen. The cacique received them in a kind of public square, which had Oeen swept and prepared for the occasion, and treated them with great honor, giving to each a dress of cotton. The inhabitants crowded around them, bringing provisions and refresh? ments of various kinds. The seamen were received into their houses as distin? guished guests; they gave them gar? ments of cotton and whatever else ap I neared to have value in their eyes, ask? ing nothing in return, but if anything were given appearing to treasure it up as a sacred relic. The cacique would have detained them all night, but their orders obliged them to return. On parting with them, he gave them presents of parrots and pieces of gold for the admiral, and they were attended to their boats by a crowd of j the natives, carrying the presents for them, and vying with each other in ren? dering them service. Daring their absence, the admiral had beeu visited by a great number of canoes and several inferior caciques; all as? sured him that the island abounded with wealth: they talked especially of Cibao, a region in the interior, farther to the east, the cacique of which, as far as they could be understood, had banners of wrought gold. Columbus, deceiving himself as usual, fancied that this name Ci'^ao must be a corruption of Ci pango, and that this chieftain with golden ban? ners must be identical with the magnifi? cent prince of that island mentioned by Marco Pola CHAPTER XIL SHIPWRECK. On the morning of the 24th of De? cember Columbus set sail from Port St. Thomas before sunrise and steered to the eastward, with an intention of an? choring at the harbor of the cacique Guacanagari. The wind was from the land, but so light as scarcely to fill the sails, and the ships made but little prog? ress. At ll o'clock at night, being Christmas eve, they were within a league or a league and a half of the resi? dence of the cacique, and Co'umbus, who had hitherto kept watch, finding the sea calm and smooth and the ship almost motionless, retired to rest, not having slept the preceding night. He was, in general, extremely wakeful on his coast? ing voyages, passing whole nights upon deck in all weathers, never trusting to the watchfulness of others where there , was any difficulty or danger to be pro? vided against. In the present instance . he felt perfectly secure, not merely on account of the profound calm, but be? cause the boats on the preceding day in ! their visit to the cacique had reconnoi- ; tered the coast and had reported that there were neither rocks nor shoals in < their course. < No sooner had he retired than the ! steersman gave the helm in charge to one j of the ship boys and went to sleep. This was in direct violation of an invariable ( order of the admiral that the helm should never be intrusted to the boys. The rest of the mariners who had the ! watch took like advantage of the ab- , sence of Columbus, and in a little while < the whole crew was buried in sleep. In i the meantime the treacherous currents, 1 whi. nm swiftly along this co;ist. car ^'e. he V' >>sel quietly, but with force, ii a sai ibauk. The heedless boy had ? uot noticed the breakers, although they j ( made a rearing that might have been j i heard a league. No sooner, however, j J did he feel the rudder strike, and hear j \? the tumult of the rushing sea, than he j began to cry for aid. Columbus, whose careful thoughts never permitted him to sleep profoundly, was the first on . deck. The master of the ship, whose i tl duty it was to have been on watch, next [ l made his appearance, followed by others I of the crew, half awake. The admiral * ordered them to take the boat and carry * out an anchor astern, to warp the vessel i off. The master and the sailors sprang < into the boat, but, confused, as men are n apt to be when suddenly awakened by J au alarm, instead of obeying the com uicuiua ul vuiuuuiuus lucy rcrwcw wu. IA. the other caravel, about half a league tc windward. In the meantime the master had reached the caravel and made known1 the perilous state in which he had left the vessel. He w;is reproached with his pusillanimous desertion. The com" mander of the caravel manned his boat and hastened to the relief of the admiral followed by the recreant master covered with shame and confusion. It was too late to save the ship, the emrrent having set her more upon the bank. The admiral, seeing that hi* ljoaf had deserted him, that the ship had" swung across the stream, and that the water was continually gaining upon her, ordered the mast to be cut away in the hope of lightening her sufficiently tc float her off. Every effort w:is in vain. The keel was firmly bedded in the sand* The shock had opened several seams1, while the swell of the breakers, striking her broadside, left her each moment more and moreagrouud until she fell over on one side. Fortunately the weather continued calm. Otherwise th<? ship must have gone to pieces, and the whole crew might have perished amid the currents and breakers. The admiral and his men took sefuge on board the caravel. Diego de Arana, chief judge of the armament, and Pedro Gutierrez, the king's bntler, were imme? diately sent on shore as envoys to the cacique Gnacanagari, to inform him of the intended visit of the admiral and ol his disastrous shipwreck. In the mean? time, as a light wind had sprung np from shore and the admiral was ignorant cf Lis situation and of the rocks and banks that might l>e lurking around him, he lay to until daylight The habitation of the cacique was about a league and a half from the wreck. When he heard of the misfor? tune of his guest he manifested the ut? most affliction and even shed tears. He immediately sent all his people, with all the canoes, large and small, that could be mustered: and so active were they in their assistance that in a little while the vessel was unloaded. The cacique him? self and his brothers and relatives ren? dered all the aid in their power, both on sea and land, keeping vigilant guard that everything should be conducted with order and the property secured from injury or theft. From time to time he sent some one of his family or some principal person of his attendants to con? sole and cheer the admiral, assuring him that everything he possessed should be at his disposal. Never, in a civilized country, were the vaunted rites of hospitality more scrupu? lously observed than by this unculti? vated savage. All the effects landed from the ships were deposited near his dwelling, and an armed guard surround? ed them all night until houses could be prepared in which to store them. There seemed, however, even among the com? mon people, no disposition to take ad? vantage of the misfortune of the stranger. Although they beheld what must in their eyes have been inestimable treasures, cast, as it were, upon their ? shores and open to depredation, yet there was not the least attempt to pilfer, nor, in trans? porting the effects from the ships, had they appropriated the most trifling ar? ticle. On the contrary a general sym? pathy was visible in their countenances and actions, and to have witnessed their concern one would have supposed the misfortune to have happened to them? selves. "So loving, so tractable, so peaceable are these people,*' says Columbus in his journal, "that I swear to your majesties there is not in the world a better narien nor a better land. They love their neighbors as themselves, and their dis? course is ever sweet and gentle and ac? companied with a smile; and though it is true that they are miked, yet their manners are d?corons and praise? worthy." [TO BE CONTI NIT3D-] maw *??? mm* New York's Millionaires. Here is an estimate list of New York's millionaires: Jobo D. Rockefeller $140,000,000 W. B Astor 125.000.000 Cornelius Vanderbilt 110.000,000 Jay Gould 90.000,000 W. K. Vanderbilt 80.000.000 0. P. Huntington 50,000,000 Russell Sage 45,00u.000 William Rockefeller 35,000,000 J. Pierpont Morgan 25,000,000 $700,000,000 Fenianism Redivivus. PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 16 -A secret ?ircular has been issued by the CJlan-na-Gael to ?the different camps in United States,calling upon the Irishmen, nasmuch as parlinientary agitation has :>eeu unsuccessful, to return physical 'orce. An officer of the Clan na Gael here ?aid yesterday : "Our organization ia he strongest Irish organization in izistence. We have 20,000 men ready o strike a blow for Ireland as soon as in opportunity presents itself." - II- -mwmm~ Against Free Fasses. The South Carolina Legislature has )assed a bill, and the Governor will loubtle8S sign it, prohibiting legislators, udges and other officials from accepting ree passes om railroad companies. Such w should be found on the statute book of every State in the Unioc. ind it should be enforced. Why are free passes given to public ?fficers if some favor or advantage is not xpected in return ? Why should not )ublic officers as well as private citizens )ay their fare ? The whole business U an abuse that lUght to be suppressed-N Y Herald. For Over Fifty Years. irs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup bas keen ised for children teething. It scythes the hild, softens the guras, allays all pain, cures rind colic, and is the beat remedy for Marrheea. Twenty-five cents a bottle. Bucklen's Arnica Salve. The Best Salve in the world for Cots, Bruises lores. Ulcer . Salt Rheum. Fever Sore*, Tetter, lhapped Hands Chilblains, Corns and all .kin Eruptions, aD? positively cures Piles, of o pay required. It ? guaranteed to give per ect satisfaction, or money refunded. Price 5cent8 per box. For sale by J. F. W. 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