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? rS?soilTEK WATCHMAN, KrtaMtabed April, 1S50. "Be Jost and Fear not-Let aU the Ends thon Aims't at, be thy Connery's, thy God's and Troth's "_ TAE TKSE SO?THBON, K.tabii.hed j?ne, lg??' W Consolidated An?. 2. 1881.1 SUMTER, S. C., WEDNESDAY. JANUARY 9, 1889. _New Series-Yol. VIII. Ko. 28. Cj?* W?.Mpaia at? ^0iit|r??t 5a'olis3io? every W?dnosd&T, Br N.. ? STE EN, SUMTER, S C. TERMS"! Two Dollars per auuum-in advance. . ADVERT. ISEMKNTS. r-4ae Square, first insertion.$1 00 Svery snesequen* insertion. 50 Contracts for three months, orJonger will be made at reduced rates. "3?H communications which subserve private Interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be .-barged for ? - t The Favorite Medicine for Throat and Lung Diffi? culties has long been, and still is, Ayers Cherry Pectoral. It cures Croup, WH*ooping Cough, Bronchitis, and Asthma; soothes irritation of the Larynx and Fauces; strengthens the Vocal Organs; allays soreness of the litmgs; prevents Consumption, and, eren in advanced stages of that disease, relieves Coughing and induces Sleep. There is no other preparation for dis? eases, of the throat and lungs to be com? pared with this remedy. **My wife had a distressing cough, with pains in the side and breast. We tried various medicines, but none did her* any good until I got a bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, which has cured her. A neighbor, Mrs. Glenn, had the measles, ana the cough was relieved bv the use of Ayer*s Cherry Pectoral. I have no hesitation in recommending this Cough Medicine *to every one afflicted. ' *-.Kobert Horton, Foreman Headlight, Morriilton, Ark. " I have been afflicted with asthma fox forty years. Last spring I was taken with a violent cough, which threatened to terminate my days. Every one pro? nounced me in" consumption. ? deter? mined to try Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. Its effects were magical. I was immedi " ately relieved and continued to improve nu til entirely recovered."-J oel Ballard, -Guilford, Conn. m Six months ago I had a severe hew xjrrhage of the lungs, brought on "by an incessant-cough which deprived me of "sleep' and rest. I tried various reme 'dias, but obtained no relief until I be? ean to take Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. A few Dottles of this medicine cured me." Mrs.* E. Coburn, 19 Second st., Lowell, tMass. "For children afflicted with colds, coughs, sore throat, or croup, I do not know of any remedy which will give _more speedy relief than Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. I have found it, a?so, invalu? able in* cases of Whooping Cough." - Ana Lovejoy, 1257 Washington stree**, Boston, Mass. * Ayer's Cherry Pectoral PREPARED BY {Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass. SoM by aU Druggist*. Price $1; six bottles, $5. A_ ? . CATAS?i? H Cream Baim-HTCY-s^ r Cleanses the WfiJ?AM BhWM Nasal Pas.a?e,.gR^^f5pi] Allays Paio Rf^?S m INFLAMMATION jW***&^MM (Heals the S?res. / SENSES w ? A y r v ^^^C^^^^ j and Smeii j^l^^^gfj^gj ! TRY ra mm KAY-FEVER I is a d?sens?" of the mucous nMrrobrar.?;, gener- 1 aliy origiostting va the cns:*! passages and! maintaining its stronghold ir. ?he bead. From this point :t sends f?-.th a poi? on ot: s virus .into the sloinaeh and through rhe digestive *Kga.ns, corrupting the blood and producing .other trou?lesoue and dangerous symptoms. A particle is applied ' tc &>?h nostril nod is agreeable. Price50 crr-*> at Druggists : bv mail, registered 60 cer.ts. ELY Ii ROS , 56 Warren Street. New York. If You Have ! _*So ap-oetlte. Indigestion, Flatulence, i-ST^ir Headae?ie. '-ail ran down,*' los? ing- nes.ii, you will find S tn? remedy you need. They lone ap ibe weak stomach and build up the fla^s*ln?* energies. Sufferers from rr?ental or physical overwook will find relief from them. Nicely sogar eoated. SOLD EVEKYWHEJRE. 1889. Harper's Young People. An III titrated Weekly: HARPER*!? Y? LNG Pee*?] E begms i'"* tenth voicme v>ich the fir?? nu moer in NovereWr. During th? year it wi ? co'.'ain five .-'?ria! .Stories, including .'!> ..ymates." hy K:rk M-.n roe; "The Red Mustang." by \7 .0 Srodtiar'*: >d **A Day in Waxland.** by K K .Mu..kit trick; "Nels Xtarlow*'* Triai." by i T. Tr???.v >r?dfce ; -Ta? Three Wi-h-O hy F Anstey .nd Brander .Matthews : a .wries of !'ory t^U-s orritteo and illustrated by Howard Pyle ; '.Home Stu ?le-? io Natara! History.*' by Dr :?elix I*. Oswald: "Little Uxpariwieor!*." by Sophia B. Herrick; "Gfiiopses ?Chi. : :iv tm Dicken?.*' by Mar-jare* K. >.irig?*er ; urti, cdes on various sp?.jr.- a-'i palliates abor? etorie? by th? b-??t writer-, and huns- r-'.:. .papers and p-t-sus with m;?t:y br.:? ir*--i.- r?u. trations ot' exceii?i?t quality. Every line in the paper is MI!.;?.<.;. d ..? the rn.?sr rigid editorial Scroll ey it? order that rc .:;,:og ijurmiui nay enter its colami:-. An epitomo of everything rbat is attrac-ive and desirable in jure? i'e literature.- &o*tou fourier A weekly feast '<-fg'?>d things to the lv>ys 'ind girls in every family which it visits -Brooklyn Union. It is wowderfol in irs wealth <>f pictures, inf...r xr.aiton, and interest-Christian Advocate N Y TEEMS. POSTAGE PREPAID, $2 A YEAH Vol? X commences November T, 1888, Specimen Copy sent on receipt (.fa two-cent at."! mp. SINGLE NIMB?IS. Five Ceri?? each Remittances snort-Id be made by t' st Office Hioney Order or Draft, to avoid ebonee ot toss. frctc*pftpe''? ore not to copy titi* t*dvert?*emeitt without tile esprit order <>f riARRER ii Br:? THERS Address HAKPEK ? BROTHERS, New Yf*rk. TRESPASS NOTICE. ALL PERSONS ape requested and warned not lo hunt or fish-"icept hy line-or in any tvay trespass- npon ""didway/' ."The Oaks," or '.O.i.e Savannah" W. WAT i ES REES, SCREVEX MOORE. M. DSV BAUX .MOORE, J. SINGLETON MOORE. Nov 14-lap. If yon wane to know ail at-out BEES AND HONEY Production, by the most economical and prar tical methods, send ter 'r-re san., le of THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, A targe quarto. 16 pages, publisbsd Weeklj at One Dollar a Year Address piaici v. THOMAS G NEWMAN ? SON, '1 & 925 West Madison St., Chicago, !!!. 1 What a Sumter Man Knows About Texas. MOODY, MCLENNAN, CO.. TRXAS, December 12, 1888. Watchman and Southron : ?frer a sojourn, of five months in Tesas, and after having talked with all classes and conditions of mankind, or nearly so, with a view to obtaining all possible information, t shall now endeavor to show Texas np as best I can; and those of my old friends who contemplate setting their faces West? ward can judge for themselves whether Texas is the place for them or not Few persons without giving the mat? ter any thought realize the extent of territory covered by the State, and it will he well for them to remember that she is larger than the twelve States of Vermont. New Hampshire, Maine, Mas? sachusetts, Rhode Islaud, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey. Delaware, Pennsylvania. Virginia and North Car? olina combined Within this vast area one can find almost any class of land as weil as climate. In this, central Texas, the lands are as rich as can be fouod anywhere, and proper preparation, cukivatioo, and rain secures a big crop But there are difficulties here as well as other places, and the roan who comes here and ex- j pects to get rich without hard and per- j sistent licks will he disappointed. I find here people (rora almost all parts, and many of them are badly in debt and enduring many hardships. This, however, is not surprising for a very large majority of those who migrate here are, and always have been, poor people; and, arriving here with little or nothing have to begin in debt Hard toil and good seasons, for years is, then, the only hope for such to ever obta?D homes of their own in this section of this State. The farming interests seems to be paralyzed here, as well as in South Car? olina and the man wiro makes mouey at the business is the .exception and not j the rule. Good proof of this statement is found in the fact that those who own I lauds prefer renting for four aud five dollars per acre, or furnishing lands, stock and implements and obtain half that is made. or. furnishing lund only they obtain one-third of alt the grain crops and one-fourth of the cotton pro? ceeds. Aoothei proof is found in the fact that those who came here eighteen or twenty years ago and pre empted or bought at one to three dollars per acre, and are independent to-day, cai. attri bute their success to enhancement in the value of their lands, it seems to me, more than to their success by farming Persons owning only small homes, of course, do not generally rent or farm on shares, but that system is adopted by those who own two or three hundred acres and more Large families in which all do good work gradually pull up, and after years of toil obtain hume?, if the seasons are favorable; but lauris are too high in this section for many to succeed Fif? teen to forty dollars per acre is asked for it, and it is a poor farm that can be bought for ?Sf:-en, unless, perhaps some ai?- forced to sell. Another very great disadvantage is that the tanner has to ."el! his products very cb-^p and pay very dearly for what he ha* :o buy. The houses and farms that, are to rent are generally small and uncom? fortable, and on some of them water has to ba hauled for beth man and beast during part of the year. Wood too, is an item to bs considered OD the prairie Most persons, however, who rent lands have the privilege of get? ting fire wood from the timbered lands of the landlord, but- it is t.o oe hauled a .-reat distance sometimes, according to the location of the farm from rhe timber Crops are made with fewer workings than in South Coolina, for one mau and a pair of horse* can cultivate about forty acron, if he can have his cotton '.hopped ever once with other help l>oth corn and cotton grows f??ter aud .?.atures earlier than in Sou^o Carolina When the oat crop is ready to harvest, one simply has to wait until the har? vester can reach his field, and should rainy weather set in much loss is some- ? times sustained Oats are cut aud bound by the harvester and the party owning them has to shock them up, where thev rea?ain until the thresher gets around also They are then hauled to some point in the field where a supply of wood has already been hauled, or up to the party's house, if he is careful enough to have the straw ricked up for his stock during the win- ? ter. Care for anything, however, seems ! to be the last thought that enters the head of the average Texan. Whether the climate, the hardships that many endure, or just simply falling into Hoe with those arouud him is the cause of this inordinate carelessness, I have yet to determine. From what information I have been j able to get it seems to me that South- j ern or Northwest Texas is the place for j persons seeking homes iu Texas, for iu | either and both of these parts of the j State lands are cheaper than here; and j the low price of cattle is causing much j of the pasture lauds to be put tn culti? vation in those sections. Western Texas is on a boom but it is predicted by those who have lived here in Texas j for vears. that it is oniy temporary, j because the drought that prevails there j nearly every year will not to do for the ; agriculturalist Sh mid farming ever become profitable my opinion ?a that ? this diffiet v Viii be overcome by irri- j gating from the rivers, and artesiau | wells in time to come, and Western Texas will roll up more grain thau any ? section of the State Northwest Tesas is more adapted to j grain than cotton and is being filled up j gradually by immigrants both from the j "old States" and various parts of this! State. Horace Creely, I believe J? ; was, who Said 'Texas was '"o wheels.";1 and he did not miss the mark. 0; <i ; can almost daily see wagons loaded with ? families and their effects, going in various directions, aud should they not be satisfied with their new home they '. will move elsewhere next season. There are famiiies tn thts immediate section who have sold out for a good profit, and have gone West and invested : in cheap l^nds, and who hope to again realize a good profit in ? few years by the investment. That part of the State is beautifully laid off io Counties with refcreeco to thc cardinal points of thc ; compass. They are theo cat up "sections" of one square mile, a these are subdivided into half a quarter sections. There is a pub road between the Counties and one al around each section, dividing it frc the next on either side, so the roads a straight. There are other families w have sold or leased their lands here a are moving two hundred miles South us into Bee County, with the sat object in view. Southern Texas h two advantages over Western : fin plenty of rain, second, the climate mild in Winter, and in Summer there a delightful sea breeze which exten even beyond this poiot, but of cour with dimished force. The average said to be five days out of seven tb we are favored here at Moody with good breeze during Summer, baton tl 4,off days'* one pays pretty well for t! breeze he gets on the "on days." STOCK As before intimated this is not, stric ly speaking, a stock-raisiog part of tl State, but noarly every one raises h own horses and mules, and generally hi some for sale. I have 6een as 61 mules raised here as ever fed on Kei tucky blue grass, and so with horse The notion that all Texas horses ai like those Spanish and Mustangs th; have been taken to Sumter, I know prevalent with many people, and for tb. edification of such I can say that I hat not seen as many as a dozen since m arrival at Moody, aod that they belon now to Southern and Western Texa? and that they axe regarded here as onl fit for a cowboy to ride. For goo qualities the stock raised here have n superiors anywhere, consisting as the do of Norman, Morgan and variou other breeds. CATTLE. When I think of a Texas cow it i always with regret that there ever wa such a thing, except for beef The make fine beef, but when it comes t milk and butter one poor old South Car o!?na cow will equal about three c them. It has been a mystery to me and is still, why every man, no matte if he does not own one foot of land, i not satisfied unless be has a herd a long as a circus procession. Texa needs a uo-fence law worse than Soot Carolina ercr did, and as the tide c emigration sweeps on and the cattle an* mustang give place to man she wil be sure to have it. I find men her who favor it. while others say the fence are ?ade, and when a good cedar po? is put up and wire put on, it is a lif time thing This is true ?ere ii Mc Len:, on Couuiy, but this is not th whole ot Texas by about 230 Counties and as the vast plains now nuder on* feuce both in the South and West, ar taken up the people will have it, au< save the immense outlay for wire. SCHOOLS The State has set apart thousands o acres of laud for school purposes. an< as thc?e lands are bought the fund: are turned over to the County for whicl thc land was set apart A long time ii given for payment of these lands thirty or forty years, I believe, wit! interest at five per cent., thc purchasci having the option of paying in full aftei two or three years occupancy, but noi before. With all this, beside? a tai levied annually for the purpose of edu? cation, with what information I have been able to get, the Public Schools art as big a farce as those in South Caro? liua. In cities and towns of any size it may be diiFereut. but such is the case in the country. From about 8 A. M. tc 4 P M. i.re the hours for school, with an adjournment of about one hour for all hands to go home^ to dinner at twelve o'clock. Texas is a new State but she is somewhat behind the times in this particular, for South Carolina. I believe, quit this all day business thirty-five or forty years ago. In conversation with a teacher on the subject of 6uch loog daily sessions I learned that it was necessary, for children make little or no preparation until they enter the school house and when they leave it their books are left LAND GRANTS. Besides the school lands there are railroad land*-, which in some parts of the State comprise every other section, that are controlled by railroad syndicates and are sold to settlers by them. The way in which these corporations got possession of these lauds may be inter? esting to some, so I give what -1 have been able to learn OD this subject. It :s this : several years ago the Legisla? ture with a view to settle and develop the State, offered to issue certificates to corporations that would build railroads in the State At 5rst I am told, these corporations held off and asked for more lands ; believing I suppose, that there was no limit to the number of acres within her vast borders; an indulgent Legislature kept on donating until they had given millions of acres more than can now be located ; and just as soon as the whole country is settled up, and lands become valuable, these corpo? rations will call for the location of their lands. When th?3 fails to be done the State must pay to them an equivalent in money, and this means high taxes. I know of no country that offers more inducements io laborers than this part of the State. A g"od laundress can often mr.ke three Lo five dollars per day at the rate they charge here. Farm hands (generally white men for negroes are few hero at Moody) who will work well command good wages. The suggestion by a newspaper some? time ago that Texas, the banner Dem? ocratic State, be cut up iuto four or five S'ates in order to counterbalance the Republican Territorities that are expected to be admitted during this 6cs sion of Congress meets with the appro? bation of s? me, but I think not of many. Last but hy no means least, I muat m*':jtit.<ft..my trip tu Belton the County site of i>f?' County, some tweuty or more miles ?vom this point, where 1 went to make tl e acquaintance of a sis? ter, and hei 60i\ of my honored and venerable friends,. Mr. J. J. Knox and Mrs Wm. N White. I found Mr. Geo T. Liodsay at bis place of busi? ness, the cotton compress, which busi ness be is running also at Semple in connection with tba'., of a grain dealer at Belton After a pleasant chat with him we went to bis borne to dinner, where I met his mother, wife, and children, and where I was made to fcc! as mach like I was among life time friends as possible, and given to under? stand that the string to the door latch bangs on tbe outside. I went to the office of the Hon. JDO. M. Fur mao, recently elected County Judge of his, Bell County, to make bis acquaintance also. I found in a short time that Judge Furman bad trod the same soil around old Providence that I often have Half an hour passed so quickly and pleasantly talking about tbe Jacksons and others who lived there when be was a boy, that it scarcely seemed five minutes Mr. Lindsay is from Alabama and bas lived in Belton several years. He says be prefers living in Texas to any State in the union, and prefers Bell County to any place in Texas. Judge Furman has built up a lucrative law practice, and. as before stated, bas been recently honored by election to a Judge? ship. In conclusion-should any one desire any information that I have not given about Texas, if he will write me I will take pleasure in trying to get it for him Yours truly. WM N. RAFKIELD. The Governor and the Gift. Greenville News. As the Columbia correspondent of the News and Courier justly remarks, Governor Richardson is consistent in his position regarding the Clemson bequest. He straddled it in tbe begin? ning and has continued to straddle it ever since. He is likewise a thoroughly balanced man. The issue bas become reduced to a very fine one, but the Gov? ernor manages to hold his place squarely in the middle of it without tumbling either way, and we are given the pain? ful intelligence that he proposes to sit there through a long year. It would have been better for the Governor's reputation for statesman? ship and moral courage if be had vetoed the bill fairly and squarely His plan of holding it unapproved until tbe next session looks too much like dodging to be pleasaLt or satisfactory to the public on either side of the controversy. It is of interest to review briefly the origin and history of the movement for an agricultural college and the legisla? tion hung up indefinitely by Governor Richardson In the session of 1879, we believe it was, the project for the re-establish? ment of the South Carolina College with the interest on the land scrip bonds was first presented. Judge Simonton, who was then the leader of the House, led the fight for the meas? ure. He aud others who spoke on his side declared and repeated with all the solemnity and force they could put io words that thc college was to be an agricultural one. Judge Simonton is .bu** reported io the newspaper descrip? tion of the debate: "He said the purpose of the bill was to carry ou* the plighted faith of 'the State to the Uoited States for the bene? fit of the State. This was the first effort to dignify labor aod make it an object of higher education. It was de? signed not to make farmers idle gentle? men, but to enable the yourg men to acquire intelligent knowledge of their trades or professions. The ?tafe had received ?191,000 from the Uoited States and bound herself to apply it to one or more agricultural colleges. She was bound by all the rules of law and honor to so apply it, or return it. The fund had been accepted in 1866 by the white people. That money had been wasted, it was true, but by the State's agents, and she was sacredly responsi? ble for it." Mr. Walker who spoke on the same side "cited the land about Charleston, which science had made to blossom like a garden and be as fruitful as Belgium. As farmers were now, they were the blind slaves of phosphate companies. He though*, gratitude directed that the first advantages of a university educa? tion should be exteoded to the farmers." John Peter Richardson was a Repre? sentative from Clarendon County and voted for this bill "to establish an Agri? cultural College " It was squeezed through the House with ihe under? standing that the college was to be an agricultural college. We have seen the result Instead of an institution "to dignify labor" we have a classical university attended by a class of students who can pay $000 for a supper at a commencement ball, as they did last year. Four years ago the farmers became clamorous. They discovered and an? nounced that they had been deceived and defrauded and the institution in? tended to be a nursery for farmers, was turnipg out soldiers and school teachers at one end and professional men at the other. Their protests were vigorous and their power was so felt io the Leg? islature of 1886 87 that more legisla? tive Sne work had to be done and au agricultural annex was hitched cn the agricultural college. Labor was to be dignified by sections and the sons of farmers were to be taught farming io a piece of the university in the city of Columbia. John Peter Richardson was then Governor and he signed this bill without delay or qualm of con? science The farmers were not satisfied, and when Mr. Clemson died last Spring and left the State the old Calhoun home? stead with several hundred acres of suitable land and from $6*0.000 to $80,W)0 in personal property for the purpose of founding and maintaining a t>eparate agricultural college there was a general expression of delight that the question was fol ved The acceptance of the Clemson be? quest was made an issue in the primary elections, and an attempt was made to force it into the canvass for Governor. Bet it was understood that the Governor was a candidate for re election, was in favor of the acceptance of the bequest, and when thc canvass began that gen t!e?iau straddled the is?ie artistically aud covered it with smothering heaps of verbosity and a shower of "ifs.'" He was renominated by the State Dem? ocratic Convection chiefly because no? body else was a candidate, hut partly because doubt of his position on the Clemson bequest lingered in 6omc con? fiding minds. The result of the primaries on the distinct issue of the acceptance of the Clemson bequest was an overwhelming ! Bjajority for ii iu the tower H-ouse and-? ao equal division in the Senate. After nine years of discussion in all its possible bearings of a separate agri? cultural college, after months of con tinual and public discussion of the Clemson bequest as a meaos for the separate agricultural college, after an unmistakable declaration of the vast majority of the people in favor of col? lege and bequest, the matter is put before the Governor and he proceeds to shy from it like a COUD try horse led to a steam fire engine and announces that be wants a year to think over it. We can not bestow our admiration for the ingenuity of this new device for strangling unwelcome legislation which is too strong to be boldly opposed until we are informed whether Governor Richardson found the whole to crawl through himself or whether somebody kindly showed it to him. We are not uncharitable. We are trusting, unsophisticated and confiding. But the array of evidence before us and before the people of the State convinces us that Governor Richardson is acting in company with the friends of the South Carolina University to prevent the establishment of any separate agri? cultural college and to continue to have all the funds intended, available and promised for the education and training of farmers devoted to more ornamental educational purposes at Columbia. They know that the people are not able or willing to pay more than they are now paying for higher education of any kind and they talk of favoring an agricultural college to cost hundreds of thousands of dollars because it should be suitable to "the dignity of the State/* They voted solidly against the modest, frugal practical beginning the friends of the Clemson college asked to be allowed to make ; they have thrown in its way every argument and device in the Legislature and in the courts ; aod this action of the Governor's is an appropriate continuation of the process - this declaration that bia intellectual apparatus is so ponderous that it can not revolve on this particular question io less time than the sun requires to traverse its enormous orbit. The fight is really between the pro? posed agricultural college at Fort Hill and the existing agricultural annex at Columbia, and the latter is being de? fended against the demands of honesty, fair play and common sense, and against public pressure by a collection of persons who with true Bourbon blindness refuse to realize that their power is gone and persist in risking the loss of everything in the effort to wrong? fully bold everything. The peopb of the State are strong, and patient because they know their strength. They will overcome every obstacle, break through every subtile net, tear away every flimsy excuse and have their will. Our honored Governor will find that hts painful poising on the fence, his elaborate mental processes and bis suddenly developed reverence for constitutional provisions are all in vain. They will not injure bim, how? ever. He who is down need fear no fall. The BfastiflE The origin of the English mastiff is so lost in the mists of antiquity, that no positive assertions concerning it should be made. It is evident that dogs with his characteristics existed io Britain when the Homans first landed there. They speak of them as 'the broadmouthed dogs of Britain.* Whether these were of the mastiff or bull-dog type, or whether the two breeds have the same origin, cannot be determined. Much written on this sub? ject is necessarily pure conjecture ; con? sequently we need only concern our? selves with the immediate progenitors of thc mastiff, and that dog as be exists to-day. Of all the known canine races the mastiff is the largest and eminently the most massive. Exceptional specimens of the St. Bernard, the boar-bound, and the Siberian blood-bound may ex? ceed in height and weight the average of large mastiffs ; but these examples are so rare as not to materially modify the assertion of the superiority of the proportions of the mastiff. The distinguishing marks of this j breed are size, massiveness, dignity, j and majesty of appearance. Twenty j eight to thirty-one inches may be ac? cepted as a good average height at the shoulders. The girth of tho chest should never be less than one-third more than the height. The body should be long and well filled out, without any approach to the tucked-up loin of the bound This is very objectionable. The legs should be struight, with im? mense bone and muscle ; the feet round and close ; the tail thick at the root, tapering evenly to a point, and not ex? tending much below the hocks. The I head is now the great point with fan? ciers. It should bc broad across the skull, fiat to the eyebrow, well indented up the center, with small, closelying ears, partly erected when when atten? tion is aroused; the muzzle broad, short, and square-looking, as though it had been sawed off. Fashion changes j much in this direction. The great 1 show dogs of ten year? since would j stand no chance in a modern compet?- j tion. A very much shorter, blunter muzzle is now the standard. Whether j the dog of to-day has really gained in j appearance by his shorter muzzle is ! certainly open to doubt. The grand pr??minent qualities of the mastiff are j shown in his affectionate, trae, noble, j faithful disposition and even temper. He in above all others the watch-dog. j Bred for generations for this purpose, his impulses lead him exclusively in j this direction-to watch and guard, and j to repulse trespassers within his prcciuct. j He accomplishes this end by a resolute | and imposing bearing, never resorting j to force until repeated gentle warnings ? have been ignored. Menace to the person of his master the mastiff fiercely ! resents His mode of af tack is to j t-pring upon an erii-doer, knock him j down, and subdue him with significant i growls. He seldom bites, even under ; the severest provocation. To guard those living in isolated localities, as a protector of women and children, he is without a peer-thc sturdy and faithful watchman of the home.- W. Wade. Puring the ynr 1888 there were ! 6,430 miles of railroad crm?jroctcd, as agaiue* 12,608 in 1887. 'v Bj E EIDES HAGGARD. fCOXT?XUED.] CHAPTER IX THE SHADOW OF B'JIX. Mr. Quest departed to bis vestry meeting with a smile upon his thin, gentlemanly looking face and rage and bitterness in his heart. "I caught her that time,'' ho said to him? self; "she can do a good deal in the way of deceit, but sho can't keep the blood out of her cheeks when 6tie hears that fellow's nama But she is a clever woman, Belle is; how well she managed that little business of tho luncheon, and how well she fought ber case when once sho "got me in a cleft stick about Edith and that money of hers, and made good terms, too. Ah! that's the worst of it: she has the whip hand of me thero; ir' I could ruin her she could ruin me, and it's no use cutting off one's nose to spite your face. Well, my fine lady," he went on, with an ominous flash of his gray eyes, "I shall be even with you yet. Give you enough rope, and you will hang yourself. You love this fellow, I know that, and ic will go hard if I can't make him break your heart for you. Bah! you don't know tho sort of stuff men aro made of. Ii only I did not happen to be in love with 3'ou myself I should not care. If-ahl here 1 am at the church." The human animal is a very complicated machine, and can conduct the working of an extraordinary number of different interests ? and sets of ideas, almost, if not entirely, simultaneously. For instance, -Mr. Quest seated ni the right hand of the rector in the vestry room of the beautiful old Boisingbam church, and engaged in an animated and even warm discussion wirb the senior curate on the details of Fourteenth century church work, in which he clearly took a lively in? terest and understood far better than did the curate-would have beeu exceedingly difilcult to identify with tho scheming, vindictive creature whom we have just followed up tho church path. But, after all, that is the way of human nature, although it may not be the way of those who try to draw ic and w-bo love toCpai.it the villain black as tho evil one and the virtuous heroine so radiant that we begin to fancy we can hear the whispering of her wings. Few people aro altogether good OT altogether bad; indeed, it is prob? able that the vast majority are neither good nor bad-the. have not the strength to be tho one or tho other. Ilere and there, how? ever, we do meet a spirit with sufiioeut will and originality to press the scale down thia way or that, though even then the opposing force, bo it good or evil, is constantly striv? ing to bring tho balance equal. Even tho most wicked men have their redeeming points and their rights-and their righteous instincts, nor are their thoughts continually fixed upon iniquity, ilr. Quest, for instance, ono of tho evil geniuses of this history, was, where his plots and passions wero not imme? diately conce rned, a man of eminently gener? ous and refined tendencies. Many were the good turns, contradictory as it may seem, that he had done to his poorer neighbors; he bad even be:n known to forego his bills of costs, which is about the highest and rarest exhibition of earthly virtue that can be ex? pected from a law\-er. He was, moreover, eminently a cultured man, a reader of the classics, in translations if not in tba originals, a man with a fine tasto in fiction and poetry, and a really sound and ri ?io archaeological knowledge, especially where sacred build? ings wero concerned. All his instincts, moreover, were toward respectability. His most burning ambitiou was to secure a high position in the county in which he lived, and to be classed among the resident gentry. He hated his lawyer's work, and longed to accumulate sufficient means to be able to give it the good by and to indulge himself in an existence of luxurious and learned leisure. Such a3 he was ho had ruado himself, for be was the son of a poor and inferior country dentist, aud had begun lifo with a good education, it is true, which he cbieily owed to his cwu exertions, but with nothing else. Had I his nature been a temperate nature, with a balance of good to its credit to draw upon, instead of a balance of evil, bc was a man who might have gone very far, indeed, for in addition to his natural ability he had a great power of w ork. But unfortunately this was not the case; his in? stincts on the whole were evil instincts, and his passions-whether of hate, or love, or greed--when they seized him, did so with ex? traordinary violence, rendering for the time being utterly callous to the rights or feelings of others, pro rid cd that he attained his end. In short, had he been born to a good position and largo fortune, it is quite possible, pro? viding al ways that his strong passions had not at some period of his lite led him ir? remediably astray, that he would have lived virtuous and respected, and died in good odor, leaving behind him a happy memory. But fate had placed him in antagonism with tho world, and yet liad endowed him with a gnawing desire to bo of tho world, as it ap? peared most desirable to him ; and then, to complete Iiis ruin, circumstances had thrown him into temptations from which inexpert* j euee and the headlong strength of his passions gave hun no opportunity to escape, i it may at first appear strange that a man ' so calculating and whose desires seemed to be fixed upon such a material end as tho ac? quirement, by artifice or even fraud, or the wealth which he coveted, should also nour? ish in his heart so bitter a hatred and so 1 keen a thirst for revenge upon a woman as ilr. Quest undoubtedly did toward lus beau? tiful wife. It would have seemed more prob? able thai ho would have left heroics alono and attempted to turn his wife's folly iulo a means of wealth and self advancement; and this would no doubt have been PO had Mrs. Quest's estimate ot' bis motives ia marrying her been an entirely correct ou-.-. ?'ho had told Edward Cossey, it will bo remembered, that her husband had married her fur ber money, tho ?10,000 of which he stood so badly in need. Kow this was the train toa .certain extent, and a certain extent only. He had wanted the ?10,000; tn fact, ut the moment moue}* was necessary to him. But, and thia his wifo had never known or real? ized, he had been, tjjid still was, n\-'.* in lore with ber. Possibly the ?10.000 would havo proveti a sufficient inducement tobin) with? out tho love, bat the tove was none the less there. Their relations, however, had never (?-on happy oms. She had detested him (vain the first, and had not spared to say so. No nym with any refinement-and whatever he lacked Mr. Quest had refinement-could bear to bc thus continually repulsed by a woman, and so it came to pass that tt;eir re lat it ?ns had always been <;f the most strained nature. Then when sho at last had obtained tko dew to t be Sri-ret of his ? i fi?, tinder threat of.'exposure "she drove her bargain, of which tho terms were complete separation in all but outward form, and virtual freedom of action for herself. Tin's, considering the position, she was perhaps justified in doing, but her husband never forgave her for ic. .More :hsn that., he determined, lt by any means it were possible, to tarn thc passion which, although she did not know it, lie was perfectly nwareshu I mn? toward hi* business superior. Edward Cossey, to a refined in? strument of vengeance against her, with what success it will be one of tho purposes of this history to show. auch wer*?, pi:t ;?<= forfefiy as po>si!do. the outlines o' the characr r anti .-?i::;.-, of this re? markable and contrai he;.: rv mar,, whose his? tory, had he but possessed ;* sense of honor, nii^ht probably have been painted in very <lilTei-??;it colors. Within un h<mr and ti half of leaving his own houso, Tin; Oaks, as .t was ttl lied, al? though tho trees Crean which ?thad beens;') named had long since vanished from the garden, Mr. Quest was howling swiftly be? hind Edward Cossey'b powerful bay horse to? ward the towering gateway of Hotiham cas? tle. When he was within !> i) yards bo pullet! thc horse op sharply, for he was a jruod whip, and alone in tho dog cart, and paused to admire the view. "What a beautiful place!''' he reflected to himself wt th-enthusiasm, "and how grandly those old towers stand out against the sky. The squire has restored thepi very ^ell, too, j there ls no doubt about it; I could not li; done lt better myself: I wonder ir t place will ever bo mina Things look bl: now,-h<it they may come round, and I th 1 am beginning to sea my wey." And thea he started the horse on aga slowly reflecting on ;he unpleasent nature the business before him. Personally, be b liked and respected the old squire, and certainly pitied him, though he would moro have dreamed of allowing bis Uki and pity to interfere with the prosecution his schemes than an ardent s?>oitsmaa woi dream of noe shooting pheasants beca he had happened to take a frien< interest ia their nurture. Ile I ? also a certain gentleman like distaste j being the bearer of crushing bad news, Mr. Quest disliked scenes, possibly becai be had such an intimate personal acquai anea with thom. While he was still woad ing how be might best deal with the mat be passed over tho moat and through the i cient gateway which he admired so f vently, and found himself in front of 1 hali door. Hera be palled up, looking abc for somebody to take bis horse, when si doaly tao squire himself emerged upou h with a rush, his pen in his hand (for he h bees writing letters) and bis white hair wi ing on the breeza "Halloo, Quest, ls that you?" he shouted, though his visitor had been fifty yards instead of five. "I have been looking < for you. Hore, Wiiiiaral William!" (cr cendo), "WilliamP (fortissimo). *. Where earth ls that boy? I expect that id!o felic George, bas been sending him on some his errands, instead of attending to th? himself. Whenever be is wanted to cake horse be is nowhere to be found, and tl it is 'Please, slr. Mr. George'-that's wi ho calls bim-Tleaso, sir, ?lr. George st mo up to tbs Moat Farm or somewhere, seo how many eggs the hen laid last wee or something of that sort. That's a vc nico horse you have got there, by the W? very nico, indeed." "It ls not my norse, Mr. de la Molle,7' s: th? lawyer, with a faint smile; ?'it is 1 Edward Cossey?s." "Ohl it's Mr. Edward Cossey's, is i answered tho old gentleman, with a sadd chango of voice. "Ah, Mr. Edward Cossej Well, it's a very good horse anyhow, anc suppose that Mr. Cassey can alford to b good horses.** Jost then a faint cry of "Coming sir, co ing," was heard, and a long bobble-de-h kind of a youth, whose business it was look after tho net extensive castle stahl* emerged in a great heat round the comer tho hourn "??ow, whare on earth bare you beer began tho squire, In a stentorian tone. "If you please, air, Mr. George" "There, what did I tell ycuP broke in t squire. "Have I not told you time after tir that, you aro to mind your own business, a: leave 'Mr. George* to mind bis? Now ta; that horse round to the stables, and seo th it is properly fed. ?.Como in, Quest, como in. Wo have quarter of an boor before luncheon, and a get our business over," and he led the w: through the passage into tho tapestried ai paneled vestibule, where he took up his stai bifore the empty fireplace. Mr. Quest followed him, stopping osten: biy to admire a particularly beautiful suit armor which hung upon tho wall, but real to gain another moment for reflection. "A beautiful suit of tho early Stuart p riod. Mr. do Ia Molle," be said; "I never sa a borter." "Yes, yes; that belonged to old Sir Jame tbo one whom the Roundheads shot." 'iWhatl the Sir James who bid the trea ureP "Yes, I was telling that story to our ne1 neighbor, Cot Quaptch, last night-a vei nico fellow, by the way; you should go ai call upon him." "I wonder what ho did with itP said M Quest "Ah, so do I, and so will many another, dare say. I wish that 1 could find it, I'i sure, lt's wanted badly enough nowaday But that reminds me, Quest. You will hat gathered my dilBculty from my note an what George told you. You see this ma Jan tor has, thanks to that cou founded fell o v Maj. Doston, and his action abc-vt those co lego lands, thrown up tba Moat farm, an Georgo tells mo that there is not another tei ant to bo bad for love or money. In fae you know what it is, one can t get tenar:i nowadays; they simply aro not to be hac Well, un de: theso circumstances, there is, c course, only ouo thing to ba done that 1 kuo< of, and that is io take the farm in hand an farm it nryself. lt is quito impossible to lc tho place fail out of cultivation-and that ? what would happen otherwise-and If i wer to lay it down in grass it would cost a coa siderablo sum, and bo seven or eight year before i got any return." Tho squire paused and Mr Ouest said noth ing. "Well," ba went on, "that being so, th next thing to do is co obtain the necessar cash to pay J guter his valuation aadstock th place-about four thousand won ht do it. o perhaps," he added, nichait arcess?<f ?. acron confidence, "we bad better say live. Then are about fifty acres of those low lying mead ows which want to be thoroughly busl drained'-bush?* ero quite as ?mil ?s pipe Xor that stiff land, if lacy ru? in the righi sort cf st Kif. ur? I it don't j-.r.-i - rmeh but still it can't be done for nothing, anc thoa there is a new wagon shed wanted, and some odds and ends; yea, we had better oav ! Ave thousand." Still Mr. Quest made no answer, so once I more tho squire went or?. "Well, you see, under these circumstances -not being able to lay band? upon the neces? sary capital from my private resources, of course 1 hare made up ney mind to apply to Cooey & Soo for tho loan, indeed, consider? ing how long and intimate has been the con j nectkm between their house and the De In Molle faro ly, I think it right and proper to do so. indeed, 1 should consider it very wrong of me if 1 neglected to gi-v* them tho oppor I tumty af ibo inv^stmeat' - he^e ? faint ! smile flickered for an instant on Mr. Quest's ! fnco and then went out, "Of course they .will, asa matter of busiuess, require security, and Tory properly -so; but as this estate is unetitaikd, there will fortunately be little difficulty about that You can draw up the necessary deeds, and I think that, under tho circumstances, tho right thing to do would bo to-chargfc'tfce Moat farm specifically with tho amount. Things are bad enough, nc d?;ubt, but i ?ut feardly suppose it possible under any oemrt\rabie circuiustances-that the farm would not bo good for ?">,; 05. How? ever, tb<?y might ?K>nb?ps prefer to have a general claire aa well, and if it is so, although 1 consider it quito unnecessary, 1 shall raise no objection to that course." Then at last Mr. Quest .teak* his somewhat j ominous silence. j "1 mn very sorry to aay. Mr. de la Molle," j he y*:*! gently, 'that I can hoi 1 out no pros ? pfot of fossey & Son t?cing induced under i any circumstances to arl vance another pound j upon the security cf tho Honham castle cs I tates. Their?rpnwe?i-of- the value of lau.led '?. property as security has received so severe a j sheck that they nix) not at nil comfortable na ? to the safety of theaniount already invest ed." ? Mr. de la Molle started when lie heard this ' most unexpected ?bit of news, for which ho i was totally -unprepared. Ho had always j found it fjossiblo to borrow money,and it I had never occurred to him thal a time might i perhaps como .in this country when the land, j whieh he bc!?2 iu almost superstitious venera- ; ? tion, .wouM be so valueless a form of property j tlKtt ?anders vroi*id refuse it os security, j "Wh?," )se said, recovering himself, "the j j total meunibrcneea on .tho property do not j I amount-tv utoro than ?2.\000, and wb?*n I j i succeeded my father, forty ye irs ago, it was ; . vnhvKl ?t fifty, and tho castle- and prom- ! i ?sos have been thoroughly repaired siucethen I j nt a cost of five thousand, aud most of the . farm buildings also." j j "Very possibly. Mr. de la Molle; but to ho j honest, J .very much doubt if Honham castle I and tho-lands round it would now fetch I ?25,000 on a forced sale. Competition and ' Radical agitation have brought estates do:?n more than people realize, and land in Aus- . ! tralia and Now Zealand is now worth e.s . j much-per aero as cultivated land in Englan?!^ Perhaps as n residential property and on^^fl I count of its historical interest, it m^j'^^^H more, but ! doubt .it.. in sja^ Molle, so anxious are Uosscy <x oon in w? matter that I regret to have to tell you thee so far from l?ing willing tc make a further advance, the finn have formally Instructed me to serve the usual six months* notice on you, calling in the money already advanced, on mortgage, together with the interest, which I must remind ycu is nearly a year overdue, and this step I propose to take to? morrow." Tho old gentleman staggered for a mo? ment, and caught at the mantel piece, for tho blow was a heavy one, and as unexpected es it was heavy. But he recovered himself in an instant, for it'was one of the peculiarities of his character that his spirits alway*, seemed to rise to the occasion in the face of " urgent adversity-in short, ho possessed an extraordinary share of moral courage. "Indeed," he said, indignantly, ^indeed, it is a pi ty that you did not tell mo that at once. Mr. Quest; it would have saved me from putting myself in a false position by propos? ing a business arrangement whfch is not ac? ceptable. As regards the interest, i admit that it is as you say, and I very much regret it. That stupid fellow, George, is always so dreadfully behindhand with hit accounts that I can never get anything settled.* He did not state, and indeed did no; know, that the reason that the unfortunate George wa.?r behindhand was that there were no accounts to make up, or rather that they were ail on the wrong side of the ledger. "1 will havo that matter seen to at once. Of course, busi? ness people aro quite right to consider their due, and 1 do not b>ame Messrs. Cossey in the matter, not i:i the least Still, i must sar that, considering the long and intimate rela? tionship that has for neariy two centuries ex? isted between their house and my family, they might-well-have shown a little moro consideration." "Yes." said Mr. Quest, "I daresay that the step strikes you as a harsh one. To be per? fectly frank with you, Mr. de la Molle, it struck me os a very harsh one, but of course I am only a servant, end bound to carry oat my instructions. I sympathize with you very much-very much, indeed." "Oh, don't do that," said tho old gentle? man. "Of course, other arrangements mast bc made; and, much as it will pain me to terminate my connection with Messrs. Cos? sey, they shall be made." "But I think," ?Teuton the lawyer, withqnt any notice of his interruption, "tu?t you mis? understand the matter a little. Cossey & Son are only a trading corporation, whoso object is to make money by lending it, or otherwise-at all hazards to make money. The kind of feeling that you allude to, and that might induce them, in consideration of long intimacy and close connection in tho past, to forego the opportunity of so doing, and even to run a risk of loss, is a thing which belongs to former generations. But the present is a strictly commercial age, and we are the most commercial of the trading nations Cossey & Son move with the time, that is all, and they would rather sell up a dozen families which had dealt with them for two centuries than lose five hundred pounds, provided, of course, that they could do so without scandal and loss of general respect, which, where a banking house is' concerned, also means a loss of custom. I s?? a great lover of the past myself, and he Sieve that our ancestors' ways of doing busi? ness were, on the whole, better and moro charitable than ours; but I have to make my living, and take the world as 1 find it, Mr. da ia Molle." -?v? "Qt; ito so, Quest; quite so," answered tb? squire, quietly. "I had no idea that yoxf looked at these matters in such a light. Certainly the world has changed a good deal since 1 was a young man, and 1 do not think it has changed much for tho better. But you will want yonx luncheon; it is hungry work talking about foreclosures." Hr. Quest had not used this unpleasant word, but the squire had seen his drift. "Como into the next room," and he led the -way to the drawing room, where Ida was sitting, reading The Times. "Ida," he said, with an affectation of heartiness, which did not, however, deceive his daughter, who knew now to read every change of her dear Cather's face, "here is Mr. Quest. Take him into luncheon, my love, t will come presently. I want to finish a note." Then he returned to the vestibule, and sat down in his favorite old oak chair. "Ruined," be said to himself. "I can never get the noney as things are, and lhere will be a foreclosure. Well, I am an old man. and I hope that I shall not live to seo it. But there is Ida. Poor Ida-I cannot bear to think of it; and tho old place, too, after all these generations-after all these generations!" ITO BE COXTINXED.I A*New Kind of Orphans, The strange circumstance of a man finding his "orphans" at the Ohio Sol? diers and Sailors* Orphan home, where their motlier had procured their ad? mission, happened here recently. A man named Keating, claiming to bc a stucco plasterer from Newport, Ky., came here and found his three chil? dren-a girl, 14 years old, and two boys, younger-at the home. He de? manded that they be turned over to? bim, ns he was able to support them and they were not entitled to be thero any way, as they were Kentucky chil? dren. But the board would not re? lease (hem, as they said they did not want to go with him. Keating claims his wife got thc children placed ii? th? home fraudulently, mid has employed Hon. john Little io ?et then out for him. Orphans with father end mother both irvingar^& new variety.- Xenia Cor. Cincinnati Enquirer. The Publishing and Patent Offices of the Scientific Am?ricain. Ferhaps some of our renders have visited the et'tensive offices of ?he Scientific American, at 361 Broadway, Kew York, bm macy have not, and to such the fol?nwing account may be of interest. A correspondent who recently lind ibis pleasure informs tis that he was greatly surprised at the magnitude of the establishment, it suggested ?o his mind an enormous insurance company or banking house. At themain office, which is princi? pally devoted to tlx4 patent business-forming HS it does so important a part of the establish? ment-may be seen the members of the 6rm and their able corps of examiners. Ready access to the principals is afforded to every one ; and itere may t>e seen inventors from ail ports of thc coun' rv showing their models and drawings, and explaining their inventions. The modei? ?fft by itrreniors farm a Urge and in?erestiog collection, and are kept in a roor by themselves. TSie large corps of draughts? men who prepare the patent drawings are for the most part experienced mechanics, elec? trician?, or rnjjineers, some of them havinr been connected with the I*. S IMfnt Ofiio. Most nf the correspondwice .? carried on nv type writers, ?nd this necessitates a separate pepnrttnent, where &? wunger of"experienced female type writers end litenographers- ur? constantly tao ployed. * The darkroom, where ?he photographs of" the patent- drawings are copied, and where ?he photograph? for the1 architectural department are developed, is also on this Soor. On the floor above may be found the editorial rootas, compositors' and subscription room, ?nd tbee*.graters' depart-*' ment. The ArcbiteeiaTal Department occupies the top flour, and here may be seen :He ?itanagcr of t ii is department, and ?Iso a number of" draughtsmen at work preparing the plans and general designs far the Architect crud" Builder edi!i<M>- cf the Scientific'' American; which j>ubK*bod monthly, ?nd lias attained a widespread circulation. The printing of the pap? -s isca tried on in a sepr.fw'ie building. At the entrance of the niairi office, which ' a'?M< occupies a Soor spare cf f-0 "by 165 may be seen one of Prof. Draper's re; able recording barometers, with strument a complete record^ atmospheric changes.