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; Established AF0? 1850. .2, 188?] "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's." SUMTER. S. C., TUESDAY, JULY 10, 1883. THE TRCE SOtJTHRON, Established Aie, 1866. New Scries-Vol. II. No. 47. ?wry Taesday, f 1^ ?wtf?J^ PvJbli??ng pj?r ?i>Brfm-io ad vas ce. )? ^^?^er?Q?ir?T'.-.-fl fii?ee raonis, or longer will J ?Hdcftti??s which s abser re pnvuie [ 5wB^4r?>ntes of respect will be? fand notices of deaths pob-? ' coirtects for advertising^ bm cad Sovt?cron, or apply at\ :> -. l:^ ?. O. OSTEBN, \ Business Manager. ofVatersl Here the strang? le ? .. :and AUiffator. and the fatnons ar? rite?; here are ?rver Greca, 2nd. Wi?te ie too : . >;wM Wataoga, leaping Toe. S^3?;Miit Bode, and the 8?3t: fl?wassee, golf wara all s still lingers is the nimble aBskee is the Vallee, gorg ?aie-Jaad is the vin j festooned ? *he ?kv-L"iisd Swanoa 'sari bedsrobj-wine the balsams Tockase nad wee ?heowee r^eanjoas Linnv?le's sil-! i??^?wd aH golden, *neatfcj ?a ??^terrin, Nottoway, th j ??yeito* bill-iand, where tot ^^?ajo^risber, HitcoellJ ?tf EDO, go. . ji ?P-'-irirfMig^ver Uko a aerpeo.j ^^^:?5?%b5edfroni a tbojj ?ie wi?h its burry; here the lai ??iw^^tete? ti? namming spindles ot. t ^S?r??^t?d,*Bd. s w asp and forest axe f |??^o?te breast Cobera, Colly, and j p&^&?&5peFear's storied waters grazf ^Q^M jgpoientnea and Trent, poering Jo ^-Ibid Ocra?oke; . ? ?|j?ie^^ll??TOg; cosses in spring-tio^re g^^-^&ow?- and Broad Roanoke, j ^^^^^^por^l Yeoyiia, Pongo, P#o ^^^j^0ia?J?^ ?nd go ^p^^g^r?5Bg; gnshiag, mshin|m ^ga?^S^fctefal^s rirersfroa thci^un ^^^^li^S^Se.aea. - ; I |^^?^^fee-&Ms-*nd the sand-bills t the S^?K?--tito mouotal?s lo Jbe oceaB ? tbe ^^^^d^?tto^^" . I, p^pfi^iNtrr^iQgr fetffli?g, 8plasbi?gen ^^^^??mod?My-tb|a they flow? ^. .'"i^?-tW^oi b^sanajoorders, neicross t?i??Sfe^"?fr fcooadin? south w&rjo the ^^^^^^^'.'!^?&1^ . Indian |c? u n ^^^^^^^^^niog aouthH, seek >^?tfTF^^^^^^gfefa and the ^?^^^^^?oDgaree, Waie?, and small ^if^nffi*^"i in the I^tn Etowao iSl^piS^^K : only Coofw; by ber !; 'B^#^cbie aod Kco*' acd slow ^- -p^^^^^ess fields of coio spread the .r'-j^gj^saods Jlay is sl^g, southern y^^^p^bilterto tiie/?rrcns, gloomy ^??^?m?wtfc??toryof Mar ?fii&i&et' when J?tan came to bim, as tttfwitffckwith *oag, black roll of his make a swad fcfiog fc??ftfer tproand world ? To the ^^^^^^hreot bis mj^ and **3?ffiti*stvmi to them all. Have fffrm?i&ei o? tho brethren, being ^C$^;!^0 bvm&ess. soon supplied ?^^^a^^hH no more were P?e08BS?, aod theo be cried : fal ?l? fodel Farms and Farming 1 in North Georgia. p.. . '_ I (Correspondent to the Chronicle.) ?JASFER, GA., Jane 27.-I shall d?? te ibis letter to finishing np my rabie impressions of Cherokee aiy. That county has been a reve o* to me, as the whole section bas n. I went over to the left of the broad to spend the day with Col. \ A. Sharp, at Walesea. Mr. B. F. fjrry kindly took me over. He is a ?$ng Carolinian, a kinsman of ex ernor Perry, of South Carolina, is a Georgian by adoption. He ied the Cherokee Advance for a and a half and has, therefore, ? one of the useful corps of Georgia "tirs. Col Sharp has been a Rep atative in the State Legislature, ls one of the enterprising and sue* ill citizens of thia county. He .?ry much interested in getting a c built from Gainesville to the State 1, that will pass through Walesea. 3 are several competitors for the a}, point of this road, among them ,': hingston and Carterville, ?jad will be from 60 to 70 miles according to the locality of the BUS, and will save parties goiog a circuitous travel through ta. section in which Col. Sharp is a very billy region, with iog little valleys alternating with and hills, after the general n of this country, only p?rhaps a inore so. And these valleys have i irising farms, rich and well tilled, jjjfr region abounds in fine bold V*?8 ? maDV of them valuable mio A! properties. Col. Sharp owns a ci resque lot, with superb scenery, a rt pitons little mountain winding jp? to a collection of springs with ed chalybeate and iron properties, pt-neat.8 some time to improve this b Jj spot and make a watering place long the exquisite valleys in this lecion *s Sallocoa, that has been set ? i by a colony of Virginians. The "?st Town" Valley is another whose r>a|e recalls a curious Indian annal, pw Lest Town was an Indian village, [>e?led by a set of aborigines, known nd wide for their thieving pro? ies. By a piece of rude bat sig nt satire, the other Indians the place Lost Town, to indi bat those who had the misfortune e any association with the pil citizens of this locality lost their Lost Town Valley has some ms. thing that has peculiarly struck ne $ Cherokee county has been the ana 2r of first-class farms. The idea prevfls in other paris of the State that Lhis$*hoie mountain section is a rude sonify with primitive styles of farm ingC&a rough population, living on hill &?s; practicing a scratching sort af ^culture aud raising corn only in m ?progressive way to distill into ;noou?ine whiskey. There is no ;onntf in Georgia that has more and oettefforms, with finer lands, under ished and progressive cultiva? ra Cherokee. Tbey are marvels y and skillful farming. They the very highest agricultural They show evidences of care, taste fod knowledge. They would make rputatiou for their owners any? where They are models of good tillage ? They have neat, comfortable hous are well fenced, the stock are Ejoudjfend evince thrifty, admirable ma nal? nie ut. I have been surprised ind Righted. And the number of these'ne farms amazes one. They are in alir^rts of the county. You hear &f thc* in every district. There is a uerta?degree of finish and neatness that i'm ks thc good workman. These farms fll their own tale. Riding along the '^pding roads one need ask no quest' is to learn that an intelligent planters, the very backbone of n, live here and keep its agrir reast with the best farm pro? be South. Somjof these cotton fields on these j bot tom sand fine uplands will, compare ! favorabt with the best in Middle or Southwl Georgia. There is, in my judgmel too much cotton culture here, bijit is fully up to the best in the r?gner cotton region. The use of fertiH?"rthastens the seasou aud makes cotton ?^og here as sure as rn South? ern Geoi?a. The tillage could not be cleaner ?more skillful, and is a model of thoroSjioess and symmetry. Col. S?rp married a daughter of Mr. Reip'ardt, one of the early set? tlers of tis county, and thc father of Mr. A.B. Reinhardt, of Atlanta, one of t!e leading lawyers of that place. 2S& and Mrs. Reinhardt gave me the ofny interesting reminisences of the In?ans. He built one of the first miilsicre. He is a fine, pleasant Did gentlemen. I have pent a day with Mr. Jos. M. McAffee, jJmittcd to be the most en? terprising citizen of the country in some respes. He has done more for Canton thai any other citizen. He is i>nly thirtjeight years of age, and same here 1856 with ?150 in his pocket. ? is worth to-day fully ^75,000. Je bas merchandised, built and farmed He owns the large brick hotel in Ca on which he put up. He l?as eonstroicd and owns an interest in a Souring \ H at the depot. The main brick atorefn Canton he erected and owns. He as other buildings in the towo. He^as a farm of 800 acres right at th/own with 300 acres under .... *??. 1 . magnificen. cultivation. His place is one ot thejotable valley farms of the section ant/tretches up and down the Etowah rivi* with broad fields of dense corn, jrrea clean acres of splendid cotton and yellow tables of shocked grain exte:,iog as far as the eye can reach. Htfias a field of upland in cotton tbatf*avid Dickson could not beat. Mr. >TcAfee is a remarkable man, teeraij with energy and prolific in practical,?terprises. He bas been one of tbe rio movers in the Marietta and North (ecrgia Railroad and has pot. consid?re money into it. He ^^?????t 3!**rP* oas married the of tbe early settlers of udge Donaldson, whose interesting recollections days bave entertained jome of who*a meooriet Ii --g-WIHiJBUM I il I ll-B Perhaps the finest farm, as it is largest in the county, is the I place, six miles from Caa ton, on Etowab. to which I have before refer Col. Field is a tal!, polite old gei man, who, while taking constant ii est in bis superb farm, leaves the ac management to his young son, Marens Field, a powerful, frank, vi ons, thorough going young man, wi fine face and cherry Diane er and a c tagious energy and will. He i youthful Hercules, that probably ii tussle could manage any two men his place. He graduated at the E vard law school and spent some timi Europe, and for a couple of years taken charge of this magnificent fare Mr. Holland, one of the accom dating proprietors of the Canton H and a mercantile partner of j McAfee, took me down in bis bu* behind a fine gray mare to Field's fa We met Col. Field near the ferry, \ sent us on to the grain fields, wh his son was directing the operations his grain reaper and binder, lie 1 cutting a field of spring oats that i harvest forty bushels to the ace. put Mr. Holland on his. horse and in the buggy with me to explain operations of the reaper. Our pow ful gray mare, unused to tho rattl whir of the great machine, began plunge violently and twist the fi boggy. With a cool, firm hand guided the frightened mare, so as save the vehicle from being turi over, soothed the animal gent steadily held her wiiere she could re ize that there was no danger, and ir few minutes had her following the no implement as docile and quiet as jf ? had seen it always. He remark< pointing to a powerful horse that rode, that Col. Kickerson sold b that amma] as one impossible to wc in any way, that while be usually fou gentle means sufficient to control de gercus horses, this one h?d defied patient methods, but he had in one d whipped him with a soft rope into enti submission. Mr. Marcus Field, in his two ye: of farm managent, has entirely re o'utionized matters. He has aime abolished cotton and commercial fe tilizers, planting only 30 acres in c( ton out of 6C0. He bas also cut dov his acreage of corn to 4,000 bushel which is twice what he needs for 1 farm use. Corn is heavier to wagon the road and more costly to produc and really does not. afford as much of margin of profit as oats and whe: This fine young farmer has reduced i operations to mathematical calcalatioi of cost and profit, and has an intel] gent administration of everyrhxn? He has experimented in com post?n, keeping exact figures of expenses acid phosphate, labor of hands ac mules, time record properly charge and he found that his huudreds of tor cost'him more than the return. Tl clear headed young fellow thoo set l work to solve the problem of a remi uerative system of fertilization. Th he worked out to be a proper plan < rotation of crops and turning und( heavy growth of grass, weeds an peas. For instance, his wheat and os fields wili be allowed to run uot August when thev will be covered wit a growth from waist to shoulder higl The stubble and this growth he wi turn under with his powerful tbre horse sulky turning plows that give hit twelve inctfes depth of tillage and leav a surface as clean as a pat lor wit every lump pulverized, and the grount enriched without a dollar's expens save the plowing. He uses peas am clover as a fertilizer, too. He not oni keeps up the fertility of his rich bot toms, bnt actually increases it. For every species of farra work h uses the most improved labor saving implements. For instance, in plowing his lands he uses a sulky plow that wit! three horses and one man does tut work of eight men and eight mules saving the cost of seven men and fivi mules. In sowing his grain he drill: it in, saving the cost of hands anc moles to cover it. and putting it in th? ground much better, making a mon even plant, getting a more uniforu stand and covering it ia such a vr?\ that as the season advances tito soil washes to the drills, eiving bettet yield. ?n planting corn he uses th? corn planter which checks the rows, drops the seed and covers it, saying the equivalent of eleven hands and stock. But it is in harvesting his grain that his Wood's reaper and binder coins him money in its economy. Ile has one hand arid three mules to the machine and a man and a boy to pick the bun? dles and put them in shocks, and his enormous saving is 37 hands. With his big crops and the difficulty of get? ting labor at this season the convenience is immeasurable, while the profit is a small fortuuc He has about 500 acres of oats and wheat, of which 100 acres of wheat, at 25 bushels to the acre, will give him 2,500 bushels, worth ?2,500 ; and 400 acres of oats at 40 bushels to the acre, will give him IC 000 bushels, worth from 40 to 60 cents a bushel or "rom ?0,000 to ?0,000. We thus have the 500 acres paying from ?8.500 to ?11,500 or from ?17 to ?23 an acre gross, with an expense accouut of not over one tenth of the amount. This is wisc farming. Tho same put in cotton and bringing half a bale to the acre, a liberal estimate, would produce 250 b'iles of cotton, worth ?50 a bale, ?12,500, with an expense account of fully 8-10 of the whole, or ?10,000. leaving ?2.500 profit on the cotton, against from ?7.050 to ?10,850 on thc grain, thc difference bring the greater cost of raising cotton. This sagacious young.man has hit the philosophy of correct farming in ii is section. He is reaping a rich result. He is extendiug his area of clover and grasses. He struck me as I looked at him in bis planting kingdom, as the very incarnation of the young, pro? gressive, agricultural genius of our new era. His sturdy, powerful figure, erect symmetrical, full of grace and strength, clad in the homespun habili? ments of the field that the honest soil could not hurt, with bis strong, frank, ruddy face and clean cut head poised upon tbe herculean frame ; his manner and speech showing the intelligence and culture of die educated gentleman, made a pictw* that I snail sot soon - - " '- ??.?^?y^..?"^^'^?^.?s^^a?fia^s^ forget, and I could but think that in this vast field of honorable faro) labor, the best brain and gentility of the country could and should find congenial and beneficial employment. The pro? fessions are overstocked. Such farm? ers as this young fellow are scarce. We need more of them. And it was a sur? prise to find such a leader io the wilds of North G-eorgia. I have to close for the mail. RICHMOND. . --?-^ That Ead Boy HOW A PIOUS MAN WHO TALKED ABOUT ZION SCOOPED THE BAD BOY'S FATHER. 'Pa has quit the church/ remarked the bad boy, 'and says he won't be? long to any concern that harbors ? bilks. What's a bilk V asked the boy as he opened a candy jar and took out four sticks of hoarhound candy. 'A bilk/ said the grooeryman, as he watched the boy, 'is a fellow that plays a man for caudy, or money, or anything, and don't intend to return an equivalent. You are a small sized bilk. But what's the matter with ! your pa and the church V ' Well, you remember that exhorter | that was here last fall, that used to j board around with the church people j all the week, and talk about Zion; and \ laying up treasures where the moths ? wouldn't knaw them, and they wouldn't get rusty, and where thieves wouldn't pry off the hiuges. Ile was the one that used to go home with ma from prayer meetings when pa was down town, and who wanted to pay off the church in solid silver bricks. lie's the bilk. ? guess if pa should get him by the neck he would jerk nine kinds of revealed religion out of him. 0, pa is hotter than he was when the hornets took the lunch off of him. When you strike a pious man on his pocketbook it hurts him. That fellow pm-ed and sang like an angel, and boarded around like a tramp. Ile stopped at our house over a week, and he had specimens of rock that were chuck full of sil ver and gold, and he and pa used to sit up nights and look at it. You could pick pieces of silver out of the rock as big as buckshot, and he had some silver bricks that were beautiful. He had been out in Colorado and found a hill full of the silver rock, and he wanted to form a stock company and dig out millions of dollars. He didn't want anybody but pious men, that belonged to church in the company, and I think that was one thing that caused pa to unite with the church so suddenly. I know he was as wicked as could bo a few days before he joined the church, but this revi? valist, with his words about the beau- i l-iful beyond, where all shall dwell in peace and sing praises, and his de? scription ofthat Colorado mountain where the silver stuck out so you could hang your hat on it, converted pa. That man's scheme was to let all the church people who were in good standing, aud who had plenty of money, into tho company, and ; when the mine began to return divi? dends by the carload they could give largely to the church and pay thc debts of all the churches and put down carpets and fresco the ceiling. The man said he felt that he had been steered on to that silver mine by a higher power, and his idea was to work it for the glory of the cause. Ile said he liked pa and would make him vice-president of the company. ? Pa bit like a bass, and 1 guess he in? vested five thousand dollars in stock, and ma she wanted to come in, and she put in a thousand dollars that she j had laid up to buy some diamond j earrings, and the man gave pa a lot j of stock to sell to other members of the church. They are all into it, even the minister. Ile drew his salary ahead, and ail of the deacons j they come in, and the man went back i to Colorado with about thirty thou? sand dollars of good pious money. Yesterday pa got a paper from Colo? rado* giving the whole snap away, and the pious man has been spending the money ia Denver and whooping it | up. Pa suspected something was j wrong two weeks ago when he hoard j that the pious man was on a toot in Chicago, and he wra le to a man in ? Denver who used to get full wich pa ! years ago when they were b ?iii on j the turf, and pa's friend said the man I that sold the stock was a fraud, and j that he didn't own no mine, and that j he borrowed the samples of ore ard | silver bricks from a pawnbroker in Denver. I guess it will break pa up for awhile, though he is well enough fixed with mortgages an cl things. But it hurts him to be took in. Ile lays it all to ma. He says if she hadn't let that exhorter for the silver mine go home with her this would have not occurred, and ma S3ys she believes pa was in partnership with the man to beat her out of her thou? sand dollars that she was going to buy a pair of pious diamond earrings j with. Oh, it is a terror over to the house now. Both the hired girls put in all thc money they had and took stock, and they threaten to sue pa for arson, and they arc going to leave to? night, and ma will have to do the work.-Peck''s San. Her Daughter's Husband. A traveler saw a woman take a man by the collar, yank him up the steps into a railroad car, jam him down into a hot scat near the stove, pile up a valise and two big brown baskets with loose covers and louer handles at his feet, shove a lady iulo his lap, and say : 'Now, sit there until I help Mary 1 Jane on the car, and don't, move til I come back.' When the woman reached the door the traveler said to her: 'Is that man your husband ?' 'N-A-WT roared the woman. 'He's my daughter's husband, and she hasn't spirit enough to say her soul is her own.' This true story teaches us that some travelers haven't sense enough to diagnose a family party when they see one.-Burlington, Hawheye. - ? ? mm, < Try your skill in gilt first, thervdiki The Public Highways. AN ABLE DISCUSSION OF THE SUBJECT BY SENATOR HART. Hon. A. P. Butler, Commissioner Agriculture oj South Carolina : Mt DEAR SIR : The growing inter? est manifest throughout the upper section of the State in relation to the methods of working and improving our common roads induces me to of? fer a few suggestions through this communication to you on the sub? ject. It is a matter which so vitally affect* the interest of an agricultural community that I know of no more appropriate department of. the State government than yours to set in mo? tion an era of progress in this most neglected of ali our institutions. The farming community whose success depends upon its ability to deliver in market at any and all times, and in the most economical way, the product of its industry, and to transport in the same way its necessary farm supplies, is entitled to require of its public servants the most serious considera? tion of this subject. It is a matter of congratulation that the Hon. M. C. Butler proposes to devote Iiis eminent abilities to this subject during the coming Summer. Some 3'ears ago the writer began the agitation of this matter in his own County, hoping then to awaken such an interest as would bring a reform of the system. But the fear of in? creased taxation stifled the effort. Now, in an era of prosperity to our people, with a safe and economical government, and a growing demand for the best and easiest methods of producing the largest yield from our soils, the time is propitious for di? recting public thought to the easiest and cheapest method of handling and marketing this product after it is har? vested. Our common roads over the hill and clay of the upper section of the State are simply execrable. No progress? ive people will be content long to submit to such impediments to their industry if they can find a remedy. The remedies are abundant, but the public will demand the cheapest, the quickest and the must efficacious when tiie work of reform is com? menced. ROAD WORKING. The present system of preparing roads by calling o lit all the able bodied males between certain ages to perform a certain number of davs work, under the charge of a superin? tendent, has been piacticed from time imm?morial in this State. The an? tiquity of the custom has perhaps ob? scured its utter worthlessuess. In practice it works somewhat thus: Mr. A. has four able-bodied men on his farm liable to road duty. On rotid working day he has some other use for these men, and he sends boys as substitutes, who are not capable of performing the quantity or quality of work required. The working squad generally considers the affair as a holiday and a frolic, and a force of twenty-five hands will not and cannot be made to do as much substantial work under this system as half the force of hired bauds under an energet? ic contractor would perform in the same time. Further, the character of the work consists principally in pi? ling a few bushes in the washes and the cuts and dragging a light cover? ing of earth on top, which the first rain sweeps away. This with an oc? casional ditch across the road to turn water from the middle of the road (which is with scientific accuracy always left the lowest) into furrows ploughed out on the sides, is thc extent of the work. When thc winter ra;ns come such a road generally requires the fanner's stoutest team to drag a thousand pounds of produce to mar? ket. Pleasure vehicles are either housed until the Summer sun dries j up the streak of mud kindly called a road, or, ?fused, are left willi the carriage maker for repairs before the trip is finished. The wear and tear and toil and expense of one Winter's use of such a road is worth a large precentage of the cost of making it a good one. WHAT IS THE REMEDY 1 It would be well worth the while of the General Assembly to selecta Commission composed of men of practical ability to revise the present system of road maintenance. If, however, the subject could receive sufficient attention in advance, it might be prepared to adopta remedy somewhat like this : 1. All roads to be maintained and worked by contract. 2. Each able-bodied person liable lo road duty to pay a commutation tax in lieu of work. 3. Such person to be allowed to work under direction of tho contrac? tor at a fixed per diem in discharge of his commutation tax. 4. A small annual tax, if necessary, to defray the expense. 5" The contractor to give bond and be held responsible for the condition of the road at all seasons of the year. PERMANENT ROADS. But this system is costly, and, at best, a temporary makeshift, lt might be worthy of experiment until something better can be had. What tho country eventually demands is a S3'stem of permanent roads which, when once established, may bc main? tained at trilling expense, and will bc adapted for use as well in wet as in dry weather. Throughout the whole of the pied? mont region, embracing the Counties broken into h ii is, underlain with red | and white cla}r, whore thc roads are j worst, the remedy is easiest. The hills and road beds are lined with stone, worthless for all else but road making. A County Engineer would be able to designate the pections ol each road where a permanent road bed is most needed. Farmers ad? joining these highways, if offered a small reny??noration per cubic yard, would soon clear their fields of the loose rock that impedes successful culture, and. deposit it on the roadside at .designated points for use. Tbe t sections of such highways, un e hands of an energetic con tractor might, at a email expense, be macadamized to the extent of an 8 foot centre track for loaded vehicles, leaving a track on each side of dirt road. This system would .constitute the nucleus of a permanent road that niijuld be expanded to greater width as the growth of the country demand? ed it. The eight foot track would j meet the requirements of heavy traffic j for a time, and could be constructed j at one-third the expense of a full I width improvement. This system, I carefully practiced for a few years in i each County, would obliterate the j bogs and mud lanes that in many j places are so discouraging to farming j industry, and would eventually be perfected into first class roads. In ! many places the original road bad j would require to be changed lo avoid j steep grades or other faults of origi- ? nal location. THE EXPENSE. It will likely be answered that this latter system is too expensive for the j present growth of the country. In j answer to this objection, let us take a j single County and illustrate the cost, j York County has about 250 miles of j tho most execrable market roads in j the ?tate. Its property is assessed ! at about $5,000,000. It levies an an-1 nual road tax of about $1,000 and re- ? ceives an annual income from railroad dividends of $1,500. A tax of 1-2 mill, or fifty cents per thousand on property, would raise $2,500 more. The sum of $5,000 annually employed on 100 miles of its worst sections of road would in a few years transform them into thoroughfares, passable at all seasons of thc year and repaying to the farmer ten fold the cost ex? pended. This system has been suc? cessfully tried in Canada, and is even now the established system among tho sparse populations of its Western settlements. It has worked satis? factorily, 60 much so that in all the older settlements these embryo roads have ?grown into free turnpikes of full j width and construction. I may say here that in my judg? ment the system of hiring out the con? vict labor of the Slate is inhumane in its workings, subveivive ofprison^dis cipline and of the true objects of punishment. All convicts ought to bc employed within the walls of the Penitentiary during their term of im? prisonment. Rather than see the present pernicious system longer con? tinued, 1 would prefer that each Coun? ty might retain, if it so desired, so many of its short termed convicts, as it would provide for, to be employed under proper regula- i t?ons on its public roads. It is emi? nently proper that the county, which I under our present system pays fur the j arrest, detention, trial and deporta- j {iou ol the criminal, should enjoy the value of his services, rather than the ??tate, which pays none of this ex? pense. Grant, then, the services of its short term convicts to each County that would provide to work them, and in ! a few years the semi-annual gather- j ing of cit izens lo pile brush in the gollies and dig trenches across the ? road beds would cease ; and thc only 1 implements of road working would be a mule, cart and driver to place a few loads of stone on places where from increased traffic the structure had become impaired. These are questions for the people to determine. Intelligent discussion of them will develop new phases of thought and possibly better and cheaper remedies than are here out? lined. When they are ready to take the matter of improvement in hand, thc best method should be digested and ready for application. We are accustomed to consider the civilization of the present age so far j in advance of that of the ancients that we rarely resort to history for les- j sons of practical progress. Perhaps j in many things their example would teach us valuable practical truths, j Thc Romans, before they emerged j from barbarism, constructed the best j stone paved roads anywhere found. I The Appian way, 300 mites in length, ? built S30 vears before the Christian \ era, stood 700 years without repair, j and is still as soiid as granite. J Throughout Spain and Britain the j Roman, armies buiit military roads j ?villi stone pavement, many of which arc yet extant, although twenty cen- j tures have elapsed since they were constructed. Modern experiment gives the fol? lowing result of resistance to trac- ! tion on common and paved roads, j Say that one horse will draw 1,000 pounds on a common dirt road, he ! will on the same inclination : Paved willi Gravel, draw.2,100 lbs. | Paved with Broken Stone, draw....4,200 lbs. OD well made pavement; draw.9,000 lbs. j Surely such fads ought to awaken ' us to the necessity of some action on | this subject. JAS. F IIA HT. --eo-?*?-?. tm* - Douglass'"; Effusiveness. ' i Stephen A. Douglass was very de- j moostrativc in his professions of re- i gard. One day-so the story goe:*-j he sat down on Beverley Tuckers knee, ! put his ann around thc Virginian's i neck, and exclaimed ia his impulsive j way: 'Bev, old boy. I love you.' j 'Douglas,' says Tucker, 'will you ; always love mc?' 'Yes,' says Doug-I las,' I will.' 'But,' persisted Tucker, i 'will you love mc when you get to bc | President?' 'If I don't may I be j blanked!' says Douglas. 'What do you want mo to do for you?' 'Well,1 says Tucker, 'when you get to be President all I want yon to do for me j is to piek some public place and put j your arm around my neck, just as you are doing now, and call tue Hov.' 11 i * $ ? -i A young lady made a narrow escape at a fire in New York a few nights since. About, half of her back hair was burn? ed. Fortunately she was not in the house at the time, having put on her other hair and left the house only half an hour before the fire broko out.-Norris? town Herald. The fashionable fan is of largo ostrich feathers, mounted with shell, amber, ivory or pearl and ornamented with a bird with long tail plumage falling or. the sticks., The Doubtful Dollar. Why it Was Coined and Why it Has Become an Outcast in Fi? nancial Society. .Of the 35,000,000 trade dollars coined probably between 4,000,000 and 5,000,000 are in circulation in the United States at the present time," said R. E. Pearson, acting Examiner of the mint, yesterday. "I do not think the amount will exceed 4.000,000, though there is a possibility it may reach 5.000,000.' .What do you base your estimate on/ was asked. .About ?32,000,000 in trade dol lars was exported, and we only know of ?700,000, coming back, though doubtless a few hundred thousand may have dribbled in without our knowing I anything about it." Tell me something about thc trade j dollar. What was its origin, how d^d j it get into circulation, and how come it j to be degraded from its standard value ! to take its chances with bullion silver V j .That is the easiest thing in the world to do. The trade dollar was authorized to be coined by the act of February 12, 1873, aud was not intended for circulation in the United States, but for export to China. That empire possesses no mint for coinage of gold or silver, and depends upon for- j eign coins ft>r its domestic circulation, ?nd until thc institution of thc trade dollar the principle shipments of coin to China were in the form of Mexican dolJars. .The trade dollar was designed to compete with the Mexican dollar, and was, therefore, made a trifle more valua? ble-about two mills per pieee, thus, not only affording a market for the sur- ' plus silver of the mines on the Pa- ! cific coast, but furnishing merchants ? and importers from China with silver in a commercial form for payment for commodities instead of their being obliged to purchase Mexican dollars for j the purpose. *At the time of the passage of the act authorizing the coinage of the trade dollar silver bullion was worth in Lon? don about 59 15-16 peuce per ounce, British standard, at which rate the bullion or intrinsic value of a trade dollar was 1 03 47-100 cents in gold. Fluctuations in the value of silver were not so wide at that time as in subsequent years, and taking the average value for the year 1873 the trade dollar wa3 intrinsically worth 102 3-10 cents in gold. The fact alone was sufficient to keep those coins effect? ually out of circulation, and insured their use for the purpose for which they were intended. 'Thc act above mentioned made them, however, legal tender in sums not exceeding ?5 in any one payment, which limited their use in circulation after the fall in the price of silver re? duced their bullion value below their nominal value. As the price of silver con tinned to fall rapidly, and trade dollars were being circulated to a con? siderable extent in the Pacific States, Congress, by a joint reselution of July 22, 1878, abrogated tbe legal tender quality of the trade dollar. At that time, July, 1876, silver had fall i to the lowest price cn record, and the bullion value of a trade dollar was 80 7-10 cents in gold. It afterwards rose rapidly, and io December of the same year the bullion value of that piece was 101 cents in gold. Since that date the fluctuations in the value of silver bullion, and consequently of the trade dollar, have not been so great, and have been confined within a range of 13 aud 15 cents to the dollar. 'Under thc coinage act which author? ized the coinage of trade dollars, these pieces were coined for depositors of sil? ver bullion at the mints, and a charge imposed for coiuage at a rate not to ex- j ceed the actual cost to the government j of manufacture. By this act any owner of silver bullion could have the same coined in trade dollars. They were, therefore, not issued or paid out j bv the government in payment of oUi g?tions or exchanged for other money, j The standard silver dollars aud silver j fractional coins are coined from silver j bulliou purchased by the government | for that, purpose and on its own account and are not coined for depositors, differ? ing in this respect from the trade dol- j lar. The joint resolution repealing the J legal tender quality of thc trade dollar j also authorized and empowered the Secretary of the Treasury to limit its j coinage to the actual export demand, j but this was not suificient to prevent depositors of silver from diverting them from their true object and placing j them iu circulation, aud their coinage I was entirely suspended in 187S by j order of the Secretary of the Treasury, j Thc trade dollar, at London quota- j tiens for silver yesterday, was worth a i minute fraction less than 87J cents, j At the Treasury department the war ; against thc trade dollar is very goner- j ally regarded as a speculative scheme j to buy the coiu in at less than its actual j valuation, thof?h in some quarters a j suspicion lurks that it is a move on the ! part of the New York banks to drive j the troublesome dollar out of circula? tion. The curious attack on thc trade dol? lar naturally directs the attention to j thc "buzzard" dollar. Inquiry of! Treasurer Wyman yesterday developed that on the 30th of June there was ?111,799.175 in standard dollars in the various United States depositories ; and mints. Ot' this amount ?72.532, 791 is represented by outstanding sil ver certificates, leaving actually on j hand about ?40,000,000 in the way of j an idle surplus vi.' silver. Every vault j at the disposal of the Treasurer in this ! city, New York, Philadelphia, and j elsewhere is full to overflowing with j silver, having an aggregate weight of! 6,600,038 pounds. There is no dan- j ger of the treasure being carried off j between days, or even a small part of i it, ?1.000,000 weighing about thirty j tons. Baukers in New York and elsewhere have taken a violent dislike to thc standard dollar. The New York when their interest falls due, that having been found the most convenient method. ?dr. Wyman says the one" principal reason why the banks detest the standard dollar is because it is not woi*h a dollar, and they do not want to handle money having an artificial value. It is not redeemable in any other kind.of money, although it is a legal tenderen the payment of duties. Should Congress order a stoppage of the coinage of srker next winter the effect would doubtleSs^be to still farther reduce the value of silver. The gov? ernment last year purchased^fc&?ot $28,000,000 out of tbs $46,000,000 - in silver produced in this country, leaving ?18,000,000 for absorption in the arts and for export purposes. With the government out of the market a new market would have to be found for between ?25,000,000 aud ?30,000,000 in silver every yar. New York, July 2.-Secretary Fol ger to-day visited thc sub-treasury, and had a conference with assistant Treas? urer Acton. He said that his visit had nothing to do with the trade dollar question, but merely to consult Mr. Acton about some unimportant business connected with thc department. Philadelphia, July 2.-The Phila? delphia Produce Exchange to-day passed a resolution pledging its members to re? fuse the trade dollar ia payment of bills, except at the current rate of v discount.-National Republican, JvJyZ. Cholera. The alarm created in Great Britian and on the continent of Europe by the information that over one hundred persons are dying daily from cholera in Damietta, Egypt, and the probable spread of the disease to other eastern countries, and thence to Europe, should wain the government of this country to lose no time in taking measures to prevent its advent ta our shores. The dangers to be ap? prehended are real. Cairo, in Egypt, and A'exandria, are both alarmed, but the authorities in b<th places are engaged in a disreputable quarrel over the best means of prevention. Only a few days ago the steamer St. Ber? nard, from Bomba)*, with cholera ort board, arrived at Havre, but, thank* io the vigilance of French officers, s?xe was not permitted toland. Asiatic or epidemic cholera bas been known in India for many cen? turies, and has several times devasta* ted the country. In 1764 it destroy? ed 30,000 lives in upper Hindost?n. In 1817, in the delta of the Ganges about one hundred miles north of Calcutta, originated the great epi? demic of cholera, which traversed almost the entire world. For cen* tunes the disease was epidemic in the marshy region of the Ganges, but in that year it left its usual conf?nes and raged at Calcutta for severa? months. Thence it extended north* ward to Nepaul and southward ta Madrase, Ceylon, Malacca. In 1819 it reached the Burmese empire and the countries to the east, and in 1820 it arrived at Bombay, where 150,000 persons died from its ravages. From Bombay it passed co Madagascar and the east coast cf Africa to Borneo*, Celebar, China, and the Philippine Islands. lu 1821 it advanced to the northwest, pursuing the course of rivers and traveled roads to Persia, Arabia, and Asia Minor. Here fora time it seemed to have m*t with a check, but in 1823 it reappeared and devastated Central Asia. In 1829 it appeared in Southern Russia, and at Moscow in 1830. lu 1831 it spread over Central Europe, and appeared at Sunderland, England, in October. In January, 1832, it had found its way to Edinburgh, and reached Lon? don tn February. In March it was in Paris, and spread rapidly all over France. On the 8th ol June, 1832, it made its first appearance on this con? tinent at Quebec, and two days after? ward in Montreal. Only eleven days later it suddenly appeared in New York, and from thence spread to Phil? adelphia, Albany, and Rochester ia July, arid in August had found lodge? ment in Boston, Ballimore, and Wash? ington. By October it had spread from Cincinnati, to New Orleans. lt again visited this country in ISSI, and since that time, though it has appeared at different times lu cer? tain localities, it has not reigned as ar* epidemic. English statistics show that of those attacked by cholera, 38.5 per cent, die. In great Britian there died from this disease 20,000, of whom 5,000 died in London. J n Paris the mortali? ty was 1S,000, about 40 per cent.; and in Kassia it was 58.6 per cent. Enough has been said to show the terrible ravages and rapid extension of this plague, and lue great necessi-* ty for prompt action of those to whom the management of these important matters are committed. Let us hope that nothing will be left undone by the constituted authorities, and > let it be shown that modern science and sanitary hygiene can, when properly applied, accomplish ft great deal iu limiting the spread of disease. Advice to a Eoy. Get away from the crowd a little while every day, my boy. Stand one side and lot the world run by while you get acquainted with yourself ; and see what kind of a fellow you are. Ask yourself hard questions about yourself. Ascertain from original sources if you are really the manner of man people say you are, find out if you are always tell the square, perfect truth in business deals, if your life is as good and up? right at ll o'clock at night as it is at noon*; if you arc as sound a tetnpera-ace man-on a fishing expedition as you are at a Sunday-school picnic ; if yon are as good a boy when you go to Chicago as when you are at home ; if, in short, you are really the sort of a yoong ma? your mother says yon are, and your sweetheart believes you are. Get on intimate terms with yourself, my boy,, and believe me ; every time you come out from one of these private interviews you will be a stronger better, pu man. Don't forget this, Tc i mach it will do you g9?d.-Bvrli