The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, February 07, 1918, Image 8
AMERICAN SUGAR1
SENT TO FRANCE
American Price Rigidly Regulates
by United States Food
Administration.
CONSUMERS HERE PAT yo,
Sugar Co?t 35 Csnts a Pound Ourin|
Civil War?Refiners' Profits
Now Curtailed.
Sugar la selling today throughout
America at from 8*4 to 9 cents a
pound to the consumer, even though
there la a world shortage which hai
redueod this nation's sugar allotment i
to 70 per cent of normal.
Through the efforts of the United
States food administration the sugar j
market has been regulated as far as'
the producer, refiner and wholesaler |
>s concerned. The food administration j
has no power to regulate retail prices
except by public opinion. Even though
more than 85,000 tons of sugar have
?*. f- been shipped to France In the last
four months the retail grocer's sugar
price is around 8 to 8ft cents. Hel
should sell this sugar at 8% to 9
cents, the food administration believes,
and asks the American housewife to
pay no more than this amount.
Last August when the food administration
was organized the price of
sugar rose suddenly to 11 cents a
pound. During the Civil War sugar
cost the consumer 35 cents a pound.
By regulation of the sugar market and
reducing the price to and 9 cents
and keeping It from advancing to 20
cents the food administration has saved
the American public at least $180,000,000
In four months, according to
a statement made by Herbert Hoover
the other day.
"It Is our stern duty to feed the allies,
to maintain their health and
strength at any cost to ourselves,"
Mr. Hoover declared. "There has not
been, nor will be as we see it, enough
sugar for even their present meagre
and depressing ration unless they send
ships to remote markets for It If we
In our greed and gluttony force them
either to further reduce their ration
or to send these ships we will have
done damage to our abilities to win
this war.
"If we send the ships to Java
for 250,000 tons of sugar next year
we will have necessitated the employment
of eleven extra ships for
one year. These ships?If used In
transporting troops?would take
150,000 to 200,000 men to France."
Reason for World Shortage.
As Mr. Hoover pointed out, the
United States, Canada and England
were sugar Importing countries before
the war, while France and Italy were
? ? ?!? a?lf iinnnrtlnar. The main
sources of the world's sugar supply
was Germany and neighboring powers,
the West Indies and the East Indies.
German sugar Is no longer available,
as It Is used entirely In Germany,
which also absorbs sugar of surrounding
countries.
England can no longer buy 1,400,000
long tons of sugar each year from
Germany. The French sugar production
has dropped from 760,000 to 210,600
tons. The Italian production has
fallen from 210,000 tons to 76,000 tona
Thus three countries were thrown
upon East and West Indian sources
for 1,025,000 tons annually to maintain
their normal consumption.
Because of the world's shipping
shortage the allied nations started
drawing on the West Indies for sugar;
East Indian sugar took three times
the number of ships, since the dl?tance
was three times as great. Suddenly
the west was called on to furnish
and did furnish 1,420,000 tons of
sugar to Europe when 300,000 tons a
year was the pre-\var demand. The
allies had drawn from Java 400,000
tons before the shipping situation became
acute.
"In spite of these shipments," Mr.
Hoover stated the other day, "the
English government in August reduced
:he household sugar ration to a basis
?f 24 pounds per annum per capita.
And in September the French government
reduced their household ration
to IS 2-10 pounds a year, or a bit over
1 ponnd of sugar a month. Even this
meagre ration could not be filled by I
the French government it was found
early in the fall. America was then
asked for 100.000 tons of sugar and
succeeded in sending 85,000 tons by
December 1. The French request was
granted because the American household
consumption was then at least 55
pounds per person, and it was considered
the duty of maintaining the
French morale made our course clear."
Today the sugar situation may
be summarized by stating that If
America will reduce its sugar consumption
10 to 15 per cent this
nation will be able to send 200,000
more soldiers to rroitc.
Sugar today sells at seaboard refineries
at $7.25 a hundred pounds.
The wholesale grocer has agreed to
limit his profit to 25 cents a hundred
plus freight, and the retail grocer is
supposed to take no more than 50 cents |
? hundred pounds profit. This regu- !
lation was made by the food administration,
which now asks the housewife
to reduce sugar consumption as much
to possible, using other sweeteners,
and also reminds her that 6he should
pay no more than 9 cents a pound for;
sugar.
Contre! of Cane Refiners' Profits.
"Immediately upon the establish-:
ment of the food administration," Mr.
l
Hoover said, "aa examination wu
made of the costs and profits of refining
and It was finally determined that
the spread between the cost of raw
and the sale of refined cane sugar
should be limited to $1.80 per hundred
pounds. The pre-war differential had
averaged about 8fi cents and Increased
costs were found to have been Imposed
by the war In Increased cost of refining,
losses, cost of bags, labor, insurance,
Interest and other things, rather
more than cover the difference. After
prolonged negotiations the refiners
were placed under agreement establishing
these limits on October 1, and
anything over this amount to be agreed
extortionate under the law.
"In the course of these Investigations
It was found by canvass of the
Cuban producers that their sugar had,
daring the first nine months of the
past year, sold for an average of abont
?4.24 per hundred 1 o. b. Cuba, te
?l,-k ?n<1 fratstif additd tft the
WIIK U UUL.t auu Ai _
refiners' cost amount to about $3.06
per hundred. The average sale price
of granulated by various refineries, aocording
to our investigation, was about
$7.f>0 per hundred, or a differential of
$1.84.
"In reducing the differential to $1.80
there was a saving to the public of 34
cents per hundred. Had such a differential
been In use from the 1st of
January, 1P17, the public would have
saved In the first nine months of the
year about $24,800,000."
Next Year.
With a view to more efficient organization
of the trade In Imported sugars
next year two committees have been
formed by the food administration:
L A committee comprising representatives
of all of the elements of
American cane refining groups. The
principal duty of this committee Is to
divide the sugar Imports pro rata to
their various capacities and see that
absolute justice Is done to every refiner.
2. A committee comprising three representatives
of the English, French
and Italian governments; two representatives
of the American refiners,
with a member of the food administration.
Only two of the committee have
arrived from Europe, but they represent
the allied governments. The duties
of this committee are to determine
the most economical sources from a
transport point of view of all the allies
to arrange transport at uniform
rates, to distribute the foreign sugar
between the United States and allies,
subject to the approval of the American,
English. French and Italian governments.
t
This committee, while holding sirong
views as to the price to be paid for
Cuban sugar, has not had the final
voice. This voice has rested in the
governments concerned, together with
the Cuban government and I wish to
state emphatically that all of the gentlemen
concerned as good commercial
men have endeavored with the utmost
patience and skill to secure a lower
price, and their persistence has reduced
Cuban demands by 15 cents per
hundred. The price agreed upon is
about $4.60 per hundred pounds, t o. b.
Cuba, or equal to about $6 duty paid
New York.
"This price should eventuate,"
Mr. Hoover osld, "to about $7.30
per hundred for refined eugar from
the refiner* at seaboard points er
should place eugar in the hand* of
the oonsumer at from /t to
cents per pound, depending upon
locality and conditions of trade, er
at from 1 to 2 cents below the
prleee of Auguet last and from onehalf
to a cent per pound cheaper
than today.
"There la now an elimination of
speculation, extortionate profits, and
in the refining alone the American
people will save over $20,000,000 of
the refining charges last year. A part
of these savings goes to the Cnban,
Hawaiian, Porto Rlcan and Lousianlan
producer and part to the consumer.
"Appeals to prejudice against the
.food administration have been made
because the Cuban price Is 34 cents
above that of 1917. It Is said in effect
that the Cubans are at our mercy;
that we could get sugar a cent lower.
We made exhaustive study of the cost
of producing sugar In Cuba last year
through our own agents in Cuba, and
we find it averages $3.39, while many
producers are at a higher level. We
found that an average profit of at
least a cent per pound was necessary
In order to maintain and stimulate
production or that a minimum price of
$4.37 was necessary, and even this
would stifle some producers.
"The price ultimately agreed was 23
rents above these figures, or about onefifth
of a cent per ponnd to the American
consumer, and more than this
amount has been saved by our reduction
in refiners' profits. If we wish to
stifle production in Cuba we could
take that course Just at the time of all
times In our history when we want
production for ourselves and the allies.
Further than that, the state department
will assure you that such a
course would produce disturbances In
Cuba and destroy even our present
supplies, but beyond all these material
reasons Is one of human justice. This
great country has no right by the
might of Its position to strangle Cuba.
"Therefore there Is no Imposition
upon the American public. Charges
have been made before this committee
that Mr. Rolph endeavored to benefit
the California refinery of which he
was manager by this 34 cent Increase
In Cuban price. Mr. Rolph did not fix
the price. It does raise the price to
the Hawaiian farmer about that
amount. It does not raise the profit of
the California refinery, because their
charge for refining Is. like all other refiners,
limited to $1.80 per hundred
pounds, plus the freight differential on
th<> established custom of the trade.
"Mr. Rolph has not one penny of Interest
in that refinery."
sa
1-whea
use m
2-meal
use mi
3-fats
use ju,
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and:
the cause
U.S. FOOD AH
DELICIOUS CORN MUFFINS.
mm
Here's an old fashioned recipe for
corn muffins that has recently been
revived and used with unusual success
in several of the larger New York hotels:
To make three and a half dozen
muffins take one quart milk, six ounces
butter substitute, twelve ounces of
light syrup or honey, four eggs, pinch
of salt, two ounces baking powder,
one and a half pounds cornmeal and
one and a half pounds rye flour. The
butter and syrup should be thoroughly
mixed; then add the eggs gradually.
Pour In the milk and add the rye flour
mixed with cornmeal and baking powder.
I ?#######?##??#??#???###???####??#?
FACE th
_____
ii
LET us fae? the facts. '
Unless the Allies flf
fought, defeat threatens,
at tneir best; nor hungry
and Italy are going hungr]
Wheat Savings?They mi
best food to fight on. I
alone can spare it to the
less than a quarter of wt
support those who are fl
can do it without stintin
to substitute another fo<
11
The Corn of Plenty?Coi
surplus of It. Provider
;; hour of our need. It has
as was never known be1
loads of corn. Five hun<3
above our regular need
:; learn to appreciate it. V
so easy? And so clear?
America's Own Food?Coi
I; food. The Indians, hai
(| ^ A/1 AntAI
i uur luiciauicio auupici
continent. For a greal
j| has blong een the staff c
fought on it, history tells
win a world war.
11
Learn Something?Corn!
dozen. It's a cereal. It
It's a dessert. It's nutrii
j! dollar for dollar, than ]
vegetables. It's good t
know until you've had <
; | Best of all, it's plentiful
Corn's Infinite Variety?H<
corn? About how goc
delicious ways of cookii
1; by not knowing more s
J! of its uses:
1>
; There are at least nn
I; make good dishes for dim
j! fast. Here are some sugg
HOT BREADS
;; Boston brown bread.
;; Hoecake.
Muffins.
11 Biscuits.
Griddle cakes.
!; Waffles.
HEART
'i
]! Corn-meal croquettes.
Meat and cornItalian
polenta.
The recipes are in F;
!; Meal as a Food and Ways
|! Department of Agricultur
1'
w
ve
t
ore corn
I ?
AatA #f<vA Aa3M6
l<|l?
St enough
r
te syrups
rerve
of freedom
MINISTRATION
WHEATLESS BISCUITS.
Parched eornmeal is the feature of
these excellent wheatless biscuits.
First, the eornmeal?one-half a cup?
is put In a shallow pan placed in the
oven and stirred frequently until It
Is a delicate brown. The other Ingredients
are a teaspoon of salt, a cup
of peanut butter and one and a half
cupe of water. Mix the peanut butter,
water and salt and heat While
this mixture Is hot stir In the meal
which should also be hot Beat thoroughly.
The dough should be at such
consistency that It can be dropped
In mull eakee
la aa uncrsasod pan. This makss 16
Mssnlta, each of which contains onesixth
of an ounce of protein.
leFACTS
1
rha war situation is critical.
:ht as they never yet have
Hungry men cannot fight
nations. France, England,
r unless we feed them.
ist have wheat. It is the
t is the easiest to shin. We
m. By saving just a little?
lat we ate last vear?we can
ghting our battles. And we
g ourselves. We have only
3d iust as srood.
i I
n is that food. There's a
:e has been generous in the
given us corn in such bounty
fore. Tons of corn. TrainIred
million bushels over and
s. All we have to do is to j!
Vas ever patriotic duty made
i!
i >
'i
*n! It is the true American ;j
rdiest of races, lived on it. j;
i the diet and conquered a !;
b section of our country it 1
>f life. How well the South ||
i. Now it can help America ;>
< l
<>
<?
It isn't one food. It's a ;
's a vegetable. It's a bread. ;;
tious; more food value in it, I:
meat or eggs or most other j;
o eat; how good you don't jj
;orn-bread properly cooked.
and it's patriotic. I
3W much do you know about jj
d it is? About the many i;
ng it? And what you miss !|
about it? Here are a few <!
11
'i
:y ways to use corn meal to j!
ler, supper, lunch or breakestions:
;j
DESSERTS i;
Corn-meal molasses cake.
Apple corn bread.
Dumplings.
Gingerbread.
Fruit gems.
<!
r DISHES
Corn-meal fish balls. ;;
meal dumplings.
Tamales. j|
armers* Bulletin 565, "Corn ;!
of Using It," free from the ;>
e. !;
This Is Our Winter
of Test
SERVING food li a local
prohlei. for eesh
| community. PrloM
and definite rules for
every one cannot be
?formulated. It
human body
nealthy and strong. This winter
of 1918 Is the period when la to
be tested here In America wheth
er oar people are Capable of voluntary
Individual sacrifice to
save the world. That la the purpose
of the organisation of the
Doited States Food AdmlnlstraI
tion?by voluntary effort to provide
the food that the world
Qeeds.
tJ. S. FOOD ADMINISTRATION
NEED BI6_HERDS
Europe's Meat Supply Must Come
From America.
Warring Nations Have Depletsd Live
Stook at Enormous Rate, Kve/i
Killing Dairy Cattle For Pood.
American stock breeders are being
asked to conserve their flocks and
herds In order to meet Europe's tremendous
demands for meats during
the war and probably for many years
afterward.
The United States food administration
reports that American stock
raisers have shown a disposition to
co-operate with the government In Increasing
the nation's supply of live
stock.
Germany today is probably better
supplied with live stock than any other
European nation. When the German
armies made their big advance
Into France and then retreated virtually
all the cattle In the Invaded
territory ? approximately 1,800,000
head?were driven behind the German
lines.
But In England?where 2,400,000
acres of pasture lands have been turned
Into grain fields?the cattle herds
are decreasing rapidly. One of the
reasons apparently Is the declining
maximum price scale adopted by the
English as follows: For September,
$17.76 per 100 pounds; October, $17.28;
November and December $16.06; Janlary,
$14.40. The effect *f these prices
was to drive beef animals on the ma?
ket as soon as possible.
In France the number of cattle as
I well as the quality have shown an
enormous decline daring tne war.
Where Trance had 1430T.OOO head of
cattle In 1913, she now hae only 12,841,9001
a decrease of l&d per cent
And France Is today producing only
one gallon of milk compered to two
and one-half gallons before the war.
Denmark and Holland hare been
forced to sacrifice dairy herds for beef
because of the lack of necessary feed.
Goes study of the European meat
situation has convinced the Food Administration
that the future problem
of America lies largely in the production
of meat producing animals and
dairy products rather than in the pron#
rori? for exDort when
dU war will hare ceased.
BRITISH GOVERNMENT
HELPS PAY FOR BREAD
There has been mnch mlsunderl
standing about the bread program in
England. It is true that the Englishman
buys a loaf of bread for less than
an American can, but it Is poorer
bread, and the British government Is
paying $200,000,000 a year toward the |
cost of it.
All the grain grown in Great Britain
is taken over by the government
at an arbitrary price and the imported
wheat purchased on the markets at
the prevailing market price. This is
turned over to the mills by the government
at a price that allows the adulterated
war bread loaf of four pounds
to sell at 18 cents, the two pound loaf
at 9 cents and the one pound loaf at 5
cents.
In France, under conditions somewhat
similar, but with a larger extraction,
the four pound loaf sells for
16 cents.
; MAKING MEATLESS
DAYS PERMANENT.
In the meatless menu there Is a fertile
Held for developing new and nourishing
dishes, according to E. H. Nile.*,
writing In the Hotel Gazette, who believes
that the present shortage of
meat and fats will not end with the
eoming of peace, but may grow more
acute and continue for five or six
years, thus making It worth while to
develop menus of grain, vegetables
and fish on a more or less permanent
basis. Meat can be replaced by cereals
and other protein foods, or may be
served in very small portions as a flavoring
for other food. In making up
meatless menus *his author finds our
American Creole and southern cuisine
a broad field for investigation.
"y?a
v
f3
CORN WILL WIN I
DEMOCRACY'S WAR J
America's Greatest Cereal Crofl fl
Is Now Moving to
Market ^
V
MAINSTAY IN NATION'S CB3I1
Surplus Wheat of tha United Slctat
Haa Seen Sent to Famine Thread
ened Eurepc
America'* great com crap, axons*
lag 8,000,000,000 bushels, will aare the
world's ft>od situation, eftrSa ed tta
United State* flood administratis* Sat
Have.
Corn 1* the nation's beat food cereal*
housewives are beginning to realia*
It contains all the elements nee dad tfi
keep the body In a state of health aad
when used according to the scores of
tried reel pee, especially when combined
with an added portion of oil ev
fat, will sustain life Indefinitely. Indian
warriors in colonial days lived on
parched corn alone for many days at a
time, and at Valley Forge parched
corn was at times the sole ratios W
the Continental soldiers.
Owing to transportation difficulties
caused by the war the corn crop moved
more slowly to market this year than
ever before. Now, however, the cereal
is reaching the millers and consumers
In the meantime the nation's surplus
wheat has been sent to Europe. ? N
Today there are approximately If
bushels of corn for every America*
This quantity is greater by five boa*
els than In former years.
*??- Kaaawi. n?Hnn'i milfti
V/VIU JUCIO UWV1UQ uiy usuvu ?
stay In the crisis of war.
Jost as this cereal saved the first
American colonists from famine en
many occasions, Just as It served as a
staple food during the War of the Revolution
and during the Civil War, Klqg
Corn has again come to the front in
the nation's battle with autocracy.
Corn meal Is finding greatly Increased
use In the making of ordinary white
! bread. Hundreds of housewives and
many of the larger bakers are mixing ,
20 per cent corn meal with wheat
flour to make leavened bread. This ' J
kind of a mixture Is worked and baked
In the same recipes and with the same
methods that apply to straight wheat
bread.
Corn bread?using corn meal entirely?Is
gaining a greater popularity,
than ever before. Housewives are
coming to realize that every pound ef
wheat saved In America means a pound
of wheat released for shipment to the , :
nations with which America Is aseodi
- '
area in ine war.
There are a acore of corn products
that today possess unusual Importance . ' v
for Americana Corn syrup for awseC *
ealag corn cakes and buckwheat cakes '
and for use In the kitchen Instead ed
granulated sugar is one of the leading
predicts made from corn.
Corn oil, excellent for frying and for
every other purpose filled by, salad oOfc
is appearing on the market la largl ,,
quantities. It comes from the gem 4
the corn.
HADE-IN-GERHANY UES
CIRCULATED IN CANADA
.< .. '<
Canada li also having trouble with
Made-ln-Germany lies calculated Is
hinder Canadian food conservation a??
cording to an official statement re* g
reived from the Canadian food cam . M
troller by the United States food a+ BH
ministratlop.
The stories bothering Canada art
of the same general character as thoae
the United States food adminlstrae ^Hj
tor recently denounced In this coontry,
such as the ridiculous salt ant
blueing famine fakes and the report
that the government would aelzs V
housewives' stocks of home canned
goods.
The Canadian food controller estimates
that when the people listen to
and pass on such stories, each ons
has the power of destruction that lies
In a battalion of soldiers.
"Stories without even a vestige of
foundation have been scattered broad- ,.i
cast," said the Canadian statement.
"Nor have they come to life casually.
They have started simultaneously in
different parts of the country and in
each instance have been calculated to
arouse public indignation.
"They are Insidious, subtle, persistent
Bit by bit they dissipate public
trust the great essential in the work
of food control.
"It lies with every Individual to forbear
from criticism; to refrain from
passing on the vagrant and harmful
story, and thus the more effective^
to co-operate in work which Is going
to mean more than the majority of
people yet realize."
THE UNITED STATES FOOD
ADMINISTRATION SAY3: T
There is no royal road to food
conservation. We can only accomplish
this by the voluntary
action of our whole people, each
element in proportion to its mean*.
It Is a matter of equality of burden;
a matter of minute saving
and substitution at every point in
the 20,000,000 kitchens, on the 2#,000,000
dinner tables, and in the
2,000,000 manufacturing, wholesale
anrl establishments of
the ccjntry.
. ./ i
i i
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