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j?:..T . '. v iv r . : . GRAOUATiNU ESSAlS OF OF HGS SUBJECTS DISCUSSED OF UP-TO-DAT UNUSUALLY HIGH ORDER CLUDED NEJ The following essay *\a? read l>\ | Mr W B lirockiiiton, one of tin- j' tntmLrj tli.< arm! nal iii'f Plnss. at I UiClilUV I O v* v??v ^ , . the recent commencement of the graded school. The .subject is, t "A Universal Lax?ca?e." ( Each veai has i's difficulties, its barriers, its hindrances to progress; and as the mind, the most wonder, ful and complicated piece of machinery known, is put t? work to j Stamp out these barriers, we have a.?> a result, an invention, a discovery, as ] the case may be. And when tinmost learned men of the age have ? solved tliese perplexing problems we ^ pass out from that century and remark what great progress has been made and how fast we are reaching that, ' One far-off divine event, t To which the whole creation moves: " i Now, without a single, solitary s doubt, the greatest barrier to the i progress of mankind in this, the s twentieth century, is the need of a 1 universal language. r TLe purely practical aim of such e a language is to make people who r speak different tongues understand each other. To any thoughtful student of af- s fairs, it is perfectly clear that as ihe 1 years go by, all the nations of the t eirth must inevitably become more e Hud more closely liuktd together in a all their interests through some one t language, which is sooner or later t destined to encircle the globe. p As the adoption of the one language by the nations of the world t is the solution of this problem, the f question naturally arises: F Why does not one of the already p existing lauguages become universal? Logically the two great classi- e cal tongues, Latin and Greek,would v come up first for consideration. e For many reasons, however, they o are impossible. These languages )' are so exceedingly difficult, and they ii are so little calculated to fit the 8' needs of the common walks ot life, I that serious iuvestigators have long b since abaudoued this idfca. d Of the four modern languages: i' English, French, German and Ital- " ian, the first two only ha^e ever been w able to entertain any hope of be- & coming international. With regard to our own well-be- f loved mother tongue, we are told on a every hand that English is rapidly s becoming the world-language. For ^ this destiny it is somewhat peculiar- s Jy fitted by its cosmopilitan vocabu- v lary and its grammatic simplicity. * JdUUtril XiUgllOll, 19, UO "Villi Duun, - a magnificent composite, possessing g the richest, most varied, most ex- ii ' prefcsive vocabulary imaginable. It a is the full heir of the polished class- n ical tongues, and certainly offers us t a wealth of words without compari- n Bon among the civilized tongues of to-day. It is much more easily o learned than any highly inflected d language can be and it has the im- e inense advantage over any -invented e language of being the organ of a a noble literature and of a civilization g already very widely diffused in all parts of the globe. f What, then, are the predominat- f jng factors which operate to hinder t and check the spread ot Hingnsn r c First and foremost, our absurd, im- f possible, and chaotic spelling, which c makes it a puzzle "to the stranger 1 within our gates and a mystery to j the stranger beyond the seas." By t language students, of course, the ev- r olntion of our spelling may be clear- c ly traced; but to the plain, practi- a cal man of other nations, nothing seems more grotesque, more lawless, t more incompehensible than our s spelling, with its glaringly incon* t sistent pronunciation. a Besides, it would be undesirable c for the English language, or any ( other living tongue, to become uni- { versal, as to do so would be to give that nation the greatest possible I t [ . , i PiiPiLS iTREE ORAOEO SCHOOL. E INTEREST AND PAPERS OF AN OF EXCELLENCE?CON(T WEEK. advantage u\er all others in tratio antl business: its books, magazines, and periodicals would lie read everywhere on the face of the globe, which would give an undue intluence on the thought and civilizu'ion of the world at large, for then she; would he ruler over all others and in time would engulf them all. TIip 11?v> u hen rmintries swallow - ?d each other up havo passed, apparently never to return again, and the hope of the English nation or my ether nation,to force its respect ive tongue upon all the world is already not onl?v egotistical and unjust, hut also (piite impossible of: fulfillment. * As French is a living tongue, it **ouId thus be kept from becoming, miyersal. There remains only one solution >t the problem: For international ise some artificial language must be ! ielected that by its complete neu . irality w.ll offeroffei.ee to no nation i md that by virtue of its extraorditarv ease, its great flexibility and ji ichness will be easily learned and i .'xceediugly useful to persons of all lations. 1 Is such a world-language possible? 1 A universal language, in the ense that it is to replace all others < sa ' Utopian dream;" but if it is 0 be learned, in connection wun 1 ach nation's own language, only as I 1 single auxiliary medium of com- 1 unication with all the people of ' he earth, theu its future is quite 1 >ossible. ' During the last twenty-five years ( here have been two such languages 1 ormluated by European scholars and 1 iresented to the world for its ap- ( iroval and criticism. (* The first, Volapuk. was invent-:' d in 1879, by J A1 Schlever; but it j ras very unfavorably received and 1 tided in a dismal failure. The sec- ' nd, Esperanto, was projected eight 1 ears later by Dr L Zamenhof, ami j I bids fair to do much towards the I:i olution of this problem. 'c The claims of Esperanto have,1 een indorsed by some of the most fc istmguished men ct eveiy nation; * ts movement is being discussed in ! ^ iany countries; and the advances!1 rhich it has already made are an f ssuratice of its ultimate success. It is impossible to predict the 1 uture of such a stupendous project,,1 project which has so much at take,for humanity, but let us see * fliat would be some of the results ! [ hould such a tongue become uni- I ersal. J First. Unrestricted trade and s ommerce would then encircle the 1 lobe, without hindrance, distribut- * ng the arts, implements, comforts, 1 ud other blessings of the civilized, iiaoufactunng countries among all ? he uncivilized regions of the earth, * iow deprived of these comforts. 1 Second. In the unrestricted spread f knowledge all the inventions, { liscoveries, ideas, and uplifting lit- | rature of the most advanced think- ' rs could rapidly permeate, enlighten, nd uplift the population of the ;lobe. 1 This is the practical side, but aside rom this there is a far more im- ^ /Ortant aspect?the ideal. While nost people will doubtless use it be- j ause of it8 practical utility, the aim ( or which a universal language was . reated is the ideal, namely, to unite lumanity more clo3ely. It is not a ' >atented commercial commodity. It >elongs to no one nation, to no busiiess association. The brotherhood ' ?f man is the prime object for which i universal language was projected. Nearly two thousand years ago he first words that were uttered to innouuce the birth of the Savior of nankind were those of the angelic in them containing a proclamation >f peace to the world: "Glory be to }od on high and on earth leace, good will towards men." While the chief mission of the savior of mankind was peace, yet ii*- came abo\e all "lo iui-ak liuttl) flu- miihile wall of partition" fh.t . ilivitliil nation from n.-i::o i a <1 alienate.] trihe from trihe an I people from people ami to tnakt* them ali one family, a?knowlc*luiiiLr the fatherhood of *?nd ami the brother llDOll of lllitt). Wo, who are of this twentieth) century, must believe that ?roui-1 nieiveand industry will end the foliv ' ami barbarism of war ami in? 11 will i see that to hire themselves out to ki I, one another is a crime to common humanity And although the past history lias been nothing save a record of war, vet the history of genI erations ye*, unborn shall he songs of j peace. On the surface of the deep | shall sail vessels of commerce instead j of schooners of war; across our great j continent shall march a mighty host* of men, sweeping to one central goal as many streams flow on the sea. j They will come from a dis anee, from j land to land, from sea to sea, *'1111111 i all men shall speak the same Ian-1 giiage and think the same thoughts, "j Today, then, we as a nation, can boast that this problem of the brotherhood of man has been solved. Universal peace has received its first definite impetus in the Hague conference, an assembly to decide upon all matters of dispute of all uations, yet this all important question can never be decided in this way. Its only solutiou lies in that given by the great Russian writer, Tolstoi, who said in substance: "A universal language is the one and only solution for advancing throng1 out the kingdom of Him1 whost* birth was announced in these words: IVace on earth, good will to men.' " Now, let us ask ourselves the ques tion : ?\ hat causes the jealousies, prejudices, national hatreds, and wars which have existed for all times oetweeu nation and nation ? All the world's wars are waged not against :eiritories (for no nation wishes to lestroy or carry off any particular siece of ground) but are they not vaged because on this or that piece )f ground some one nation wishes to rorce its language, manners and ctisoms? It is an established fact that the mitual hatreds of mankind arc en- j rendered by the fact that they do lot understand one another. If we shall accept this theory to iccount for war, then the one prime , ibstacle to that clear and perfect un- j ierstanding among human minds verywhere over the broad earth lies < n their inability fully to comprelend, because of this diversity of cngues, one another's thoughts and jur poses. j It is a self-evident fact that if all nen ever speak the same interna i?nal language, readily understand ach other, share a common literaure and work out common ideals, he result will b^ that friendship and leace will forever reign supreme. ?or as soon as it has sufficiently ! ipread over the entire world, then nen will see the full abomination of rorcing their language and customs | ipon other people. Then the horrible strife which we ( see among the different nationalities, luch as Russia, Austria, etCi, and .vhich perhaps every nation of any aote has been at sometime or other Migaged in, will be forever blotted jut, and the greatest mission of the Savior of mankind will be fulfilled? Peace. And, lastly, in the rapid spread of the Christian religion, and its ultimate conquest of the world, a universal language would enable the books, magazines, papers, arguments mid appeals, which issue from L-hristian minds and civilized countries, to overwhelm the decadent systems of idolatry and paganism. "With the disappearance of heathen languages and the growing brotherhood of man brought about by a universal language, the last barrier to the spread of Christianity would be removed." However Utopian such a project, may appear to the present generation, and however abortive may have been the former endeavors of Bishop Wilkins and others to realize it, its accomplishment is surely not beset with greater difficulties than have impeded the progress to many other beneficial objects, which iu former times appeared to be no less vision[Continued on Page Three.] The L irp'.s; and Most. ( i\?it::Mi?d>lin*ut South. > -r??" K- ; Blinds Material, . I Cords s. < _ r?? ^UU*Jk ! 15 i I rff]i 'jiLjv iii* PATHui . . iOUSTRY Build up Horn' Enterprises Buy Brie s^rom c?i??n_ ureeiyvine wick wunvs. ,>-\ / ! Correspond , Solicited. > E. 0' i'LOR, Pres. S. V. TAYLOrt, SrC. & Tmts. 5-21-tf. W. re|and Taylor, , ENTIST. OR VVILLE. - - S. C. Crown and Bridge Work a Specialty. 5-21-tf. Surveying Notice! At present my postal address is as below. Those * needing- my assistance should direct letters accordingly. Laurence H. McCullough, SURVEYOR, Nesmith, - - South Carolina; 5-28-tf. R. E. & E. M. B EATY ENGINEERS AND CONTRACT JUS Georgetown, - - - 5. C.; tivil Engineering Land Surveyings Railroad Surveys and Construction Prompt attention on out of Town Work, j 3-19-tf W. L. Bass A. C. Hinds BASS & HINDS, Attorneys-at-law KNGSTREE, S. C. 3-20-tf. OmTisii, s Lake City, S. C. Crown and Bridge Work a Specialty. ALL WORK Guaranteed as Represented. ~W. L. BASS Attorney at Law LAKE CITY, 8. C. Dr B J McCabe Dentist. KINGSTJiEE, - S. C. J. D. MOUZON'S BARBER SHOP ?in the? Fan Keuren Hotel is equipped with up-to-date appliances. Polite Service. ( ompetent Workmen. 5-8-08. W. P TENNENT ARC HIT! C T General Contractor and Builder Solicits vour business. Estimates cheerrully furnished on all : : kinds of work. : : 126 Evans 'Phone 1962 FLORENCE, S. C. Supervisor of construction New School Building and Superintendent of work on U. S. Post Office and of John McSween Co, stores Timmonsville and Beulah and residence at National Cemetery. : : : : I ( pmrrt/jui :?m K ifc? nn^, rmmnrm IA Good \H air-Food BAyer's Hair Vigor, new imI proved formula, is a genuine p hair-food. It feeds, nourishes, (j builds up, strengthens, invigoryates. The hair grows more jj rapidly, keeps soft and smooth, (: and all dandruff disappears. I Aid nature a little. Give your g hair a good hair-rood. ! Does not change the color of the hair. 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