The county record. [volume] (Kingstree, S.C.) 1885-1975, June 23, 1898, Image 2
THE COUSTY REOORD.
Published Every TLursday
? AT?
UNGSTREE, SOUTH CAROLINA,
? B T?
LOUIS J. Iilil^TOW,
Fdltor and Proprietor.
The complaint, made a year or more
go, of an over-supply of clergymen in
the United States, is echoed now
from Canada, the Toronto Globe
printing a report by the clerk of the
Toronto Presbvtery, which shows a
ministerial supply much in excess oi
the demand. In that city alone there
are nearly fifty Presbyterian ministers,
physically competent, who are withont
charges. Not only are these men
without calls, but they do uot even get
* 'ehances to fill "supplies." It is not
infrequent for some of them to offer
their services gratuitously rather than
get entirely out of touch with the pulpit.
The explanation, as given by
the Toronto paper, is the increasing
number of theological graduates, but,
more especially, "the desire of congregations
in these days for young
men. However regretable, it is
nevertheless a fact that the appearance
of gray in a minister's hair at
once discounts his chances of receiving
a call, and it is next to impossible
for a Presbyterian minister over fiftyfive
years of age to attract attention
LTULL1 tt occaiu^ a
The cry is for young men, and many
congregations without ministers wait
until the members of the graduating
class in Knox College are available for
calls each year."
A boy uf 10 and a little nirl were
walking down a streyt of a New York
town a few weeks ago when the girl
, suddenly screamed, and her companion
caw that a wire hanging from a pole
had brushed against her face and seared
it. Grasping the wire in hlt> hand to
pull it away from tli? child, he dropped
dead at her feet. Investigation showed
that a wire from the telephone circuit
In falling had crossed an electric
lis lit wire. a ml thus had l>eeoaie charged
with the powerful current. Ignorant
of :ill this. t!io boy had, with manly
instinct, sought to relieve the child.
It douhlts the sadness of the result to
know that if his instinct had been
trained to modi rn conditions, he would
have caught the child away from the
wire instead of touching it himself;
and that the sacrifice of his life was
needless. The extraordinary prevalence
of the elcetrie wire inijioses the
knowledge of two facts upon every
person bordering ui*>u civilization,
facts which have to do with life and
death, for oneself and those about one.
The first concerns prevention. Every
ntaa. woman and child should be
taught to avoid touching a wire hanging
in the air or lying upon the ground.
The probabilities are that it is harmless.
The possibilities are that it Is
deadly. It may be "alive" in itself; or
u '" K i?b???w ?A 1m
fcaru! -s :u itself but deadly through
ha vine fallen upon a live wire. Whoever
^vs a hanging wire should traee
Its source. and if it seems dangerous,
keep guard that u<? person or anitual
touches if. and report it instantly to
the authorities. Prevention is hotter
\ than gute. but -every one should know
tiso that a person struck dowu by electricity
;s not invariably past resuscitation.
"Several extraordinary cases are
n record where after even two hours
af seeming death latent life has lx*eu
revived. A young electrician in Pittsfield.
Massachusetts, accidentally received
iu his hotly three times as many
trolts as are used in putting criminals
to death, and lay apparently dead. Fortunately
there was one near by who
knew enough to insist on experimenting
with the methods used in restoring
the drowned. After a'time which
seemed eternity the breath came with
a flutter ami increased iu strength till
the man was restored. Both of these
fnefdenrs miehr lie mnlMnlied: but they
are sufficient if they impress our readare
with the vital facts of prevention
and cure in electri^I casualties.
Captain Vaughn's Qu;er Lily.
A plant that grows at the rate of
nine inches every twenty-four hours
without earth or water is a curiosity
in the possession of Capt. S. R. Vaughn
of 3114 Reed street. Capt. Vaughn calls
his plant a "snake lily." It came to
i him through a friend in Cochin China,
and when it first arrived as a bulb it
looked like a huge Indian turnip. It
lay duriDg the greater part of the winter
in a dark closet, but recently it began
to show signs of awakening from
its long sleep.
Mrs. Vaughn knew the symptoms,
for the bulb has been in the family's
possession for several years now. and
she had watched its successive bloomings
and witherings during that time.
Mrs Vausrhn took it out of its hiding
place and set it in an ordinary peach
basket with nothing <|t all about it except
some newspapers. A motled green
stalk pushed its way out of the top of
the bulb and grew at the amazing rate
above mentioned until now it has
reached the heighth of S feet 1 inch,
end is just beginning to wilt. Of this
total height the pistil or torguo issuing
from the cup of the lily represents 4
feet 1 inch. Cup and pistil are both of
a beautiful dark maroon color. The
flower and stalk will gradually wit hex
away and drop off the bulb. The latter
will then be planted in earth, and
in July and August will show a great
ombrella-like spread of foliage. In September
this too, will wither, and the
bulb will go to sleep for the winter.
Philadelphia Record.
I GOOD ROADS NOTES, 1
i *
I list ruction in Koad-liulldin^r.
With the lnrilding of better highways
there has arisen a demand for
practical road-builders and competent
highway engineers, not only for occasional
work in constructing country
roads, but for permanent positions as
street superintendents and road commissioners
in towns aud cities. This
demand is beginning to he recognized,
and preparations made to meet it, by
affording courses of instruction on the
subject in various iustituiions, public
exhibitions of the working of road
machinery, and in other ways.
As Massachusetts was among the
C * I,;?U? ?,-a o,v cl,n
ill i;u|nu>u nci lii^n w, ov ?uv
was about the earliest to provide instruction
on the subject of road-building.
In the Institute of Technology and
the Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard
University, complete courses of
instruction are given; models, drawings
aud photographs are used in the
the lecture rooms, and visits are made
*o works in process of construction.
Anyone may enroll himself in the
course in highway engineering at the
Lawrence Scientific School, by the
payment of u small fee.
But, however good the instruction
furnished to young men in institutions
of learniug, it will be some years
before their training is completed, and
more years before they acquire the experience
that will make them must
valuable. In the meantime, roads
must be built, aud those engaged in
building them, and others who are responsible
for the care of them, require
practical instruction. To afford this,
111 connection with the construction
of the State highways, has always
been a feature of the work of the
Hifhwnv Commission.
Iu tlio last four years the State has
expeuded nearly two million dollars
on its roads. The work has. been located
in 123 different municipalities
scattered throughout the State, out
of a total of 353, or over one-third of
the entire number. Fifty other municipalities
have built modern roads, or
173 in all; so that almost exactly onehalf
of the entire number of towns
and cities have had experience in tlrstcjass
road-building. .As towns are
given the first choice of taking con,
tracts to construct Slate highways in
their own territory, and many have
undertaken it, there are hundreds of
men scattered over the State who have
hud actual experience in building
some of the best roads in the world.
This alone has proved a valuable
means of disseminating information.
One result is that good foremen oau
now be readily secured where, four
years ago, it was a difficult task.
High-class road-building, according
to the most-approved, scientific methods,and
the use of modern machinery,
in so many widely-separated localities,
has afforded town officials, whose duty
it is to look after the roads, opportunities
for obtaining information that
they could get in no other way.
These men ordinarily till other offices
and are engaged in business, and have
no time to leave home to study roadbuilding
theoretically; but, when
roads are constructed near their doors,
under competent supervision, they are
quick to appreciate it.
The Highway Commission employ
about sixty resident engiueers, one of
whom is stationed wherever the
State builds a road, to instruct the
contractor in the methods to be cmployed,
and he remains on the ground
from start to finish. These engineers
are, in turn, looked after ,by five divisional
engineers aud a chief engineer,
to secure uniformity. At the
end of the season, all the engineers
are called together, and discuss the
year's work in detail. The meetings
are lively aud interesting, and anyone
who has attended them will appreciate
their value.
Besides this, the Commission holds
a public hearing in each county every
year. Town officials, and all "others
interested in the roads, attend them,
and views are freely interchanged. An
association has also been formed, at
whose meetings experiences are interchanged
and papers read. By these
methods the young and inexperienced
man learus both theory and practice,
nnd the older practical man becomes
acquainted with modern theories.?L.
A. \Y. Bulletin.
Free Delivery Depend* on Itond*.
To promote the business, social and
educational interests of the people are
the objects of the Road Iuqniry Bureau
and the Postoffice Department of the
Goveruuieut. Having these things in
view, they desire to exteud-the system
of free rural postal delivery, and will
test it under all conditions. Routes
have been selected in New Jersey and
Pennsylvania over stone, gravel, clay
and dirt roads, aud the results in each
case will be carefully noted. It is obvious
that they must prove most satisfactory
where the work can be done
most rapidly aud regularly in all
weathers?that is, on the best roads.
In considering this question, E. G.
Harrison, the Government road expert
says, ''the advantages of delivering
letters to factories and other industrial
establishments, particularly where
large numbers are employed, need not
be dwelt upon. The mails left at public
schools can be distributed to a
great number of families through the
pupils living remote from post .ftice and
carrier routes. Letters brought to the
nonMcf onlinnl fnc mnilinc hp
jucaivoii uv/uvvi x. ..
Jected by the rural letter-carrier totlie
nearest postoffice fur mailing. Teachers
can use these letters as objectlessons
in giving suggestions aud instruction
in regard to proper, plain and
neat addressing, etc. In schools remote
from postofHees, the teachers
might, with advantage, be made stamp
agents, aud in this way families far
away from postoffices can be rupplied
with stamps, stamped envelopes and
postal cards. This will promote letter
] writing and use of mails, and will also
i insure more regulai school attend!
a'.ice. The rural districts art-anxious
1 for free postal delivery. They need
j it. Tt will come with good roads and
be a practical advantage why,1? they
will realize and appreciate."
Circulation is T^ifc.
The roads and highways of a civil
division are as the veins and arteries
of the human system, says theSufJern
Independent. I.ife and health, that
j is, business anil prosperity, of each
part can be bail anil secured only by
the freest circulation, anil the conduits
must not be allowed to clog. While
the limb would wither if the circulation
was interrupted, the heart would
also sillier. Where would the proud
; city of Xew York be without her magi
niticent railways, and what would have
j been her condition if the great blizzard
l of 1S88 had continued a month?
! The village with its paved streets
. and flagged walks may say, "let, the
farmer build his roads; he is the party
! benefitted." Tkejlord of the manor
who surrounds his grounds with a high
wall and morass, aud then beautifies
his place for his own enjoyment and
benefit, may be wise if be has within
himself all he requires to satisfy his
needs. The village which has placed
its streets in perfect condition and has
neglected the highways leading thereto.
has arranged, like the lord ot the
manor, to live in seclusion.
Has the village all it requires? Does
it depend upon anything or anybody
for its existence, growth and ptosperity?
Is it, not, in fact, most dependent?
Does not every village depend
! - ?l. . ? ll. "1.1.
i upon me extent 01 lue acouss?wie ure?
of which it is the centre and metropolis,
and the prosperity of that area?
The village cannot shift the burden
upon the farmer, nor the farmer upon
his brother farmer. Each is interested,
and the contiguity of the highway is
but an iucident. Suppose the Erie
Kuilroad were abandoned; whose loss
" iL.i. xi-- r
would ne me greater, mat ui tue mi mer
living within one-half mile, or the
one a mile distant?
i
ElTect of the New York Law.
The road improvement bill passed
by the New York Legislature is valti1
able for what it makes it possible to
accomplish, and a3 opening the way
: for active work by the State. It de,
pends for actual results, however, on,
I lirst, State appropriations to make
' State aid a reality; second, public
sentiment in the counties which shall
; be strong enough in favor of making
| improvements to force the supervisors,
I or property owners, to apply for them;
: and, thirdly, sympathy with the movement
on the part of the State engineer,
in order that when applications are
1 made for improvements they may be
t granted.
i The measure is conservative in na'
ture and permissive in form. While
opening up great possibilities, it is
; not mandatory in effect, nor docs it
force any improvements on any section.
A local initiative is required in
i i - oi-i. _: .i 1 ?.
oruer to secure mute am aim eiau
; work iu any locality. The people
have it strictly in their own hands to
' decide whether any road work shall
be inaugurated. Under these circam1
stances it seems strauge that it should
have encountered any opposition. It
; merely opens the way for work to be
done, if the people favor it, and it
leaves the people entirely free to say
whether they will enter upon it.
i It is a long step forward for the
! Empire State to make practical road
, improvement? possible in this way,
but the work does not end here.
Public sentiment must be educated
up t:? the point of demanding work,
; and in order to accomplish this the
agitation for better highways must be
; prosecuted with unabated vigor.
I. .
tncqnul Axles With Wiilc Tiros.
I Wide tires are not only good things,
Kv?4- volna ie nnnoli ittoroa'tod if
I they are used on axles of different
; lengths, bo that four distinct tracks
; are made by the wheels instead of
' two. A concern iu central New York
, does much heavy hauling with fouri
inch front and live-inch rear tires, and
j rear axles fifteen inches longer than
j the front ones. It carries four and
| live-ton loads and keeps the road surface
good and smooth.
Shots at Kail Unails.
A Pennsylvania paper says that a
i Mississippi steamboat could have
! steamed along the placid bosom of
some of the roads in the State recently
without fear of grounding.
The State-aid appropriation for
I roads in New Jersiy is ?150,000 for
1 1K'?S Tim counties add ?300.000 to
. this, ami enough local expenditures
1 are made to foot up a considerable
j sum.
Mauy students of the highway question
believe that there are more public
roads in the country than are needed
I and that hard roads, in each direction,
! two miles apart on the average, would
I meet every possible requirement.
Wheelmen and farmers with advanced
idea3 in New Jersey have been
J endeavoring to persuade Governor
I Yoorhees to sign the bill increasing
I the road improvement appropriation
: of that State by $50,000. They have
; not yet succeeded.
The State Organizer of the Missouri
: Good Roads and Public Improvement
J Association is a woman. She visits
all the county seats, organizes road
j improvement societies, sees all the
voters and secures a good membership
; list. Her work is reported to be very
' successful.
A study of sixteen French railroads
; seems to show that branch lines eou!
tribute to the tnaiu line gross receipts
I 1 4-10 times greater than those which
! the main lines earn. If this be corj
rect the importance to the railroads oi
j good highways is simply enormous, foi
; the country roads are the feeders oi
| the railways.
HELPS FOR HOUSEWIVES.
Soup, n Table Diplomat.
Somebody has cleverly claim* *1 son]
as "a table diplomat, either excitinj
an appetite for the good things t<
come, or so fully satisfying inwart
cravings as to make diners totally in
different to what follows," says Tabli
Talk. It is safe to conclude tlia
" -
luese opposite rt'aunn uepcuu uj>ui
the quality of the soup and its prope
service in connection with menu. I
the dinner is limited and rather in
sufficient for the probable demands o
appetite, the soup that begins i
i should be nourishing. On the con
trary, the elaborate meal of main
courses requires a light soup as stim
lant only, and not as food proper.
The Secret of Aspic Jelly,
Aspic jelly, which is still a terrify
ing name to many amateur cooks, i:
made in a few minutes, and if neccs
sary, out of that emergency material
1 a jar of beef extract. A half box o
gelatine is soaked for twenty minute;
111 four tablespoonfnls of cold water
In this is simmered u slice of onion, r
bit 01 celery, a bay leaf, and a few
peppercorns. When the gelatine is dis
solved, it is added, the whole s'trainec
and set away in a square-rimmed basin,
preferably, in order that it may In
easily cut up into blocks. A little of
this garnishes cold meats or veal loaf
and other potted or pressed meats,
and^ is effective, too, around forms of
salad. It is occasionally served witL
lettuce and a French dressing, as t
salad by itself.
Cleaning Antique Furniture.
To restore to their original appear
ance antique pieces of furniture whicl
have become unsightly on account o
too frequent varnishing or besmear
ing by unskilled hands, the following
method is employed: Take equa
parts of strong alcohol and good oi
of turpentine and heat this mixture
in a bottle by placing it in hot water,
With this warm liquid paint the arti
cle, whereupon the old varnish wil
dissolve at once. The varnish i^re
moved bv scraping and wiping, aiu'
the spreading, scraping and cleaning
is repeated as often as necessary uuti
the surface has become entirely clear
again, so that the object may be ren
dered glossy or dull as desired. Thif
process is especially recommended
since it does not change or attacl
the color of the wood, us is often th?
case if lye is used.
Cooking Itntter.
"There are many alternatives nnc
makeshifts in household economy,'
said a well-posted matron at one of otn
clubs the other day, "but the inos'
profitless and foolish one that 1 kuov
anything about is the use of what i:
called cooking butter. I hold as at
axiom that if butter is not goof
enough to eat on my bread, it is no
good enough to put in my cake or nn
stewed tomatoes and peas. 1 oor but
ter spoils more good food than nlmosl
anything else in the line of cooking,
It is to this ingredient more than ti
any other that cooks often complair
that their food seems stale and
greasy and everything tastes as
though it had been cooked in the
same pot. It is better to use uo but
tor at nil tlmn rank liicrh-Havorec
article that is sold as cooking butter.
"Dwellers iu cities who cannot readi
ly obtain cream, w hich is a most ex
oellent substitute for butter, often us<
salad oil instead. Indeed, the deniarn
for table oil is rapidly increasing, sc
many ways are there in fine cooking
where it servei an admirable purpose
Housekeepers who are careless o
economy use it for frying crullers,
croquettes "or oysters. It is, of course,
far superior to all other fats, but to<
costly for ordinary purses. Then
are a few persons who do not relisl
the flavor of olive oil, but they very
soon learn to become extravagantly
c 7 it ? Tl.? T.o.lflroi
1UUU UI it. iav uv.vipv>.
Kecifien.
Asparagus Soup?Stew a bunch o
asparagus until tender; cut off tin
tops an inch and press the res
through a colander. Heat a quart o
milk. Add the strained asparagus
Rub a tablespoon of butter and tw<
of flour together and stir in the soup
When boiling add salt, pepper and a.s
paragus tips, and serve.
Peach Jelly?Boil the skins fron
the peaches for marmalade in a litth
water, letting them steam until soft
Add the juice to that saved from tin
peaches and a dozen peach pits cooket
in u cloth. Measure and add sugar ii
three-fourths proportion. To eacl
pint add juice of one lemon and t\v<
oranges. Boil until it hangs in a droj
from the spoon. It is excellent fo;
iellv cake or tarts.
Blauquette of Veal Two pound
of lean veal, cut in pieces about om
inch square. Soak in cold water i
few momeuts and dry in a cloth. Pu
butter the size of an egg into a sauce
pan with a tablespoonful of flour am
when the butter is hot, stir it half i
minute, add the veal, stir again, jus
cover with water and salt and peppe
to taste. Cook slowly for two hours
stirring occasionally. Beat oue egf
with a teasjioonful of water, stir ii
and serve.
Buttered Eggs anil Kiilnevs?Cul
three sheep's kidneys into thin slices
then into strips. Dnst with salt am
pepper and saute in a little butter o
fresh beef dripping. When brownet
| set aside where they will keep hot
| Into a shallow saucepan break si:
, eggs, beat just enough to mix, ad<
three tablespoonfnls of butter cut int<
bits, one-quarter of a teaspoonful o
1 finely chopped parslov and four table
spoonfuls of cream. Stir over the fin
' until nearly set,add the fried kidneys
1 turn out on a hot platter and garuisl
J with toast points.
I Most spiders have eight eyes, al
though some species have only six.
; BMBB 1 IMP?
* y < >Vt. * 2 ^ y?f
Cost of Orowln;; Heels.
m._ i_i 4 ?t ??
I A L1C 1UUU1 tU?l Ui ^iUniU^ (1U UUC
. of beets nndor adverse circumstances
; at the Michigan Agricultural College
. last year was 820.40, reckoning man
and team <it twenty-five ceuts per
hour, man alone twelve and a half
cents and hoy eight cents. The
. average yieid was over fourteen tons,
. which at 84 would be 8oG, leaving 826
. for cartage, use of land and profits.
Moss in Pasture.
1 "Whenever moss creaps into pasture,
' it is a sure sign that the soil has
been exhausted of some of its valu1
able mineral fertility, or that the soil
has been poisoned by stagnant
J water that humic acid has developed.
The cheapest experiment is to run
' over the surface with the harrow,
: loosening or tearing up some of the
' moss, and sowing grass seed. If you
can afford potash and phosphate givfc
a dressing of these. This will make
[ grass grow in place of moss.
i
l Give the lioyn a Chance.
There is no better way to start the
boys on the highway ot me than to
give them a Hock of fowls ami cn
courage them to care for them.
i A few will serve the purpose better
f than many, because overwork will
necessarily beget neglect and that
; surely means failure. Let the boys
1 select the breed that they fancy, no
1 matter what it be, and assist them to
3 arrange the house and yard. Keep a
record of all expense and profit and
let the boy have a bank account.
1 They will soon learn to appreciate
- the value of money, and when they
I start out in life will have an experir
once that would be otherwise difficult
1 to get.
i Many of the most prominent men
of to-day had a flock of fowls when
i boys and saved their spending money
, from the profits. Do not attempt to
: start the boys at the top of the ladder,
j Be content to 6ee them'climb step by
step and rest assured the foothold
. then will be more secure.
FpeUing Strawberry I'lants.
The feeding roots of corn frequentr
ly branch outward and downward
t many feet and gather necessary food
, for its proper growth. The roots of
i the strawberry plant, on the other
t hand, are almost directly under the
I plant and rarely extend outward
tniifh tho ton rrrowtli of the
- plant, but go downward often to the
depth of two feet or more. This will
t show the importance of properly
feeding the plants in order to obtain
} the beet results at the least expense
j and without waste of fertilizer. If
plants are set in rows, the cultivation
( should be doue so the rows of plants
will be a little lower than the spaces
^ between the rows. The value of this
I method is more plainly apparent when
irrigation is done.
In applying fertilizers to strawberry
plants either when the plants are
, set or later, an admirable plan is to
j make a narrow furrow with a stick,
) say an inch or two deep and two or
t three inches wide, a few inches from
' the row cf plants, and run the fertilj
izer in this furrow. Of course it may
be applied directly on the surface of
' the ground close to the plants as
' mentioned, but there is less danger
of the commercial fertilizer coming
in contact with the foliage in the
1
former plan.
t ' An Arlior Gateway.
xne sKeicn iierewuu gives u suggestion
that can be adopted in rnauy
situations to advantage both as to
f utility and beauty. Where there is a
3 pnt'u through a farm fence near one's
t buildings, necessitating a narrow gate,
f this gateway can be combined with an
arbor, as shown in the cut. This
> gives the ornamental part of the device,
or will when covered with vines.
. If the vines bear grapes the useful
part will be very apparent. When
. .A
I'SEFCL AN^ ATTRACTIVE GATE.
such ornamenting of one's premises
4 can be combined with that which is
" purely useful, there is small excuse
1 for uot having our farm premises
1 more attactive.?American Agricul*
turist.
r
Poultry .Matters.
r One ot the secrets of raising a large
i proportion of the hatch of young
chicks is to keep them in the coop
. while the (lew is on the ground, and
feeding them for several weeks en- j
j tirely on cooked foods.
r Setting hens should not be fed i
j soft, mushy food. Whole grain is the
best thavj to feed them, and if possi- |
/tKfnm if itt .rtnfc l\orlor
^ uiu uuiaiu xl x&x ?ai ?>i j uut IVJ , j
I wheut and corn, although a hen fed
eniirely on corn during the three!
j vrooks she is on the nest, will come off
in iLitch. Letter shape than when fed
ru dutl rations.
An authority on duck raising says
' that "doctoring ducks is no good,"
and, although expressed in homely
language, there is a world of sense in
the remark. It is not necessary to
handle and fuss over a duck as over a (
hen, anil when one pets really sick it I
might as well be killed first as last. M
Ducks need plenty of exercise, clean
quarters, and at least enough water to
enable them to cover their heads with
j it, if desired, when drinking.
There is no doubt that cut bone is
j a valuable "side dish" for poultry,
' but it is absolutely necessary that it
be fresh and sweet. As a rule marrow
l>ones should be discarded for
cutting, as they furnish too much fat
; in the bone food. Fresh green cut
bone can be bought of dealers in poultry
supplies, but if one has a large
flock of hens it is better to own a machine
and prepare to cut bone in
; small quantities, as needed, thus being
sure it is fresh.
A Handy Stone Boat.
A stone boat is a necessity on most
farms and the one shown in the aci
companying illustration will be found
j very handy. The runners "a" are
I about six inches thick with a natural
| crook at the forward end. The nar
row strip "b"runningparallel with the
runner and holding down the cross
boards is of three-fourths inch elm.
0 . .6- 0 . 1
(MM/7
< " i
VIEW or STOKE BOAT FROM ABOVE.
The front plank in the platform is two
inches thick. The whole structure is
held together by wire spikes. In
driving these use a small bit for starting
the hole, as this will prevent
splitting the material.
The pole "e" shown detached is an
important feature and should never
be omitted. The chain "d" passes freely
through the mortice in the pole
and by passing a small bolt through
a link in the chain, better control can
be had of the stone boat descending a
hill or backing the team. The draft,
however, should be wholly from the
steel coupling and not from the chain.
T),o amall ?lnn/lnr/J? r?<ir? l>p 1111P1I for
supporting side boards if these are
wanted. Orange Jndd Farmer.
V
Han<lllnJ^^?in Manures.
W. B. Conover, an expert, writes:
The manure made on my farm is not
neglected. At the horse stable an
tension or open shed built out from %
the main building serves as a cheap 1
place for dumping barn clearings,
while at the same time it affords a
splendid shelter for any kind of stock
in bad weather. Where cattle are fed
in open lots an immense amount of
manure is made and in this section it
is rarely saved or utilized. The item
of expense for taking care of this mai
i.i. i. -~A.t i. a. r
| Iiure is lue greai seiuatt muuriurmci
and he generally lets it all go without
making an effort to save even the richest
and best of it.
I have a stra*w shed 30x00 feet,
made at very small cost Avith posts,
poles and rails, Avhich shelters two
carloads of cattle nicely. It is covered
with straw direct from the thresher.
; Extending the length of the north side
is a rack tor hay.
In this rack I feed my second crop
of clover, the seed ha\'ing been
threshed out. This makes a capital
! roughness for fattening cattle and is
generally considered of little value
and one can obtain all he wants in the
neighborhood for the hauling. When
I a feetWif this threshed clover has been
well picked over by the cattle the remainder
is thrown from the rack and
/ata fltn Aaav nf Hto alicwl f/\r
bedding.
In the spring there is a closely,compressed
mass of clover mixed with the
manure and urine from the cattle, to
a depth of eighteen to twenty-four
inches. Later in the season and by
the time the busy work is over, this
mass is finely rotted and you have as
good fertilizer as can be bought, con- x
taining the qualities of clover as well
as the liquid droppings, and at very
little expeuse. In fact where stock is
handled these sheds more than pay
for themselves as a shelter during the
winter months. Thus your fertilizer
really costs you only for the hauling.
mi c?
J. lie Ul<illl Ul'^UIUCUlS 1U1 IUC3C U1CIUods
of manuring laud and preserving
the manure around the farm, are the
small expenses couuected. Nothing
leaves the farm for the purchase of
J materials even the clover seed is
I raised at home and the buildings and
sheds, by serving the doable purpose
of shelter and a place to preserve fertilizing
agents, should not have more
than half at least of their cost of construction
charged to the fertilizer.
I have adopted these plans as the
ones which will most nearly pay their
own way. Of coarse we cannot get
around the cost of carting the manure
to the held. However, where it is
used in conuection with clover and
scattered thinly on that part of the
land which most needs it, for of course
only a very small part of the farm can ^
be covered each year with animal ina- ^ ~
nures, it takes only a glance at the
crops to convince one that it repays
many times the cost of handling.
Mahogany is now xrery generally
substituted for hick<\v in the manufacture
of wagon wheels in France, it
being found cheaper and quite as
durable.