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PAGE TWO 1218 College Street NEWBERRY. S. C. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield. Jr., Owner Second-Class postage paid at Ne ‘ ^^ry. South Carolina. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year tn ad vs*nr»e «ix months. $1.25. COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS I frequently call attention to the excellent management and the happy workers of the Joanna Man ufacturing company. Well, here is an excerpt from a message to all the great family of Joanna, as published in The Joanna Way. It is from that modest but resource ful and effective manager, Walter Regnery: “I am fully aw’are of the obli gations I must fulfill and the re sponsibility I have assumed t o strengthen our company and to keep it secure, in order to provide good jobs, steady wages, and all the other extras for our people. This is a formidable and never- ending undertaking which I could not accomplish alone. It can only be done through the combined ef forts of each one of us as we work together—a strong and unit ed group. I promise to do my part to the best of my ability. And I know* you will do yours.” it is a bit unusual but I, a Bap tist, have found this information in The South Carolina Methodist Advocate: “On Monday morning, in a hos pital in Greenville, the president of the South Carolina Baptist As sociation died. Dr. Charles F. Sims was better known as the General-Secretary of the South Carolina Baptist State Convention for the past 12 years, a post from which he retired at the last convention. Before that, he had served as Associate Secretary for 7 years, having been pastor of two Ap pointments for 22 years preced ing. Our own acquaintance with Dr. Sims was as a fellow-member of the Christian Action Council. In annual meetings and board meet ings he was a faithful servant of the Lord and interested always in a constructive moral and spiritual witness to the social needs of our State. Dr. Sims could find satisfaction in the growth of his denomination during his term of service. Churches increased in number from 1273 to 1495; membership from 365,000 to 503,000 and bene volent giving from $1,000,000 to $3,500,000. Within the scope of his service and range of interest, there was also the building of the new cam pus for Furman university, the establishment of the Bethea home (near Darlington) as a Baptist ‘Home for the Aging’ and the building of a new Baptist building in Columbia which will be occu pied next summer. It is appro priate that a chapel in the new building will be named for him. Servant of God—well done! The Clinton Chronicle is a wide awake, progressive paper with its foundation deep in true American ism. . "CRIME AGAINST TAXPAY ERS.^ “Arguments over the pros and cons of government-produced elec tric power vs. privately produced electric power are—literally—end less. But few facts of record may help clear the air. To meet America’s need for el ectricity, the investor-owned util ity companies which produce a- bout 80 per cent of all our power- had invested $46 billion in facili ties as of last year. All of this money represents private savings or private earnings. None has been dredged out of the taxpayers. And the electric companies cur rently are paying more than two billion a year in taxes or about * quarter of all their revenues from sales of their service. We have more electric power capacity than the next five coun tries of the world combined— three times that of the Soviet un ion. ^ * This is only the beginning. It ie expected that the industry’s in vestment by 1970 will be 88 bil lion—nearly double the 1960 fig ure. And it will about double a- gain—to the unbelievable total of $168 billion by 1980. It is also expected that about half of this investment will come from funds generated within the companies, and the other half from the sale of securities in the free market. In the latter case, in dividuals and institutions will be voluntarily putting their savings and resources into the industry simply because they have faith in its future. Incidentally, at present there are some 4 million direct stockholders with utility shares. The point should certainly b e clear to all—there is no need for tax-exempt socialized power. And socialized power—which consumes taxes instead of producing taxes —is an economic crime against every taxpayer.” Business may not be humming in our small low r -country counties which have no great industrial payrolls, but we South Carolin ians are not poverty-stricken. Ob serve this: Report is that Govern- bonds to the amount of two hund red million dollars have ben sold to our citizens. I venture the guess that the Savings institutions in South Caro lina have more than $200,000,000. Those in Richland and Lexing ton counties have at least $100,- 000,000. Assume that in the other 45 counties the average is $5,000,- 000 each—that would be two hun dred and twenty five million more. When we think of Charleston, Greenville, Spartanburg we easily make up for those of less than five million, or nothing at all. I think we may have $300,000,- 000 in Savings Banks. Money in the Bank is very im portant, but S. C. McMeekin has averaged more than ten million dollars of fresh capital every year he has been the resourceful head of The South Carolina Electric & Gas Company and today that great company has an investment of and paw's about $13,600,000 on about $300,000,000 in our State taxes! “The State” carries a very in formative and interesting state ment, which I quote: “The South Carolina Electric & Gas Company said today it will have an output capability of more than a million kilowatts this year. President S. C. McMeekin of the firm said projected consumption of electricity and natural gas will be an index to the industrial and business future of the'23 southern South Carolina counties the firm serves. y r % r "*. " b: ^ During the year the initial steam electric generating unit at the Canadys Plant on the Edisto River in Colleton County will be completed. The facility will cost approximately $40 million by the time the second unit is completed. The first unit will go into opera tion sometime during the second half of the year, with a capability of 137,500 kilowatts. Also this year, the Parr Atomic Power Plant 20 miles northwest of Columbia will be completed.” With no pomp or flag-w'aving, no big celebration, but just quiet ly and effectively we see a great builder always building so that any great industry, or a dozen may come and find abundant power ready for immediate service. A great power company has to build several years ahead of need so as to be ready on the minute. The recommendation of Mr. Kennedy that he be empowered to regulate taxes is not only uncon stitutional, but dangerous. Every body woulo like to enjoy a reduc tion but uanger far exceeds the benefit. The Congress should guard its constitutional prerogatives for they are solemn duties. Mr. Kennedy has the same swol len conceit that many of us have, namely that we know what is best, but if we are to have a Cpnetitu- tion let us respect it, observe It and live within the framework of the Constitution. v / Mr. Kennedy wift-i&e.iOTtfbtten within a few years, but tJfcrj^Qon- stitution should stand intfiolati. ’, There are hundreds of qs who could adopt wholesale ^ineiilsures, if we had dictatorial powers* but this is a government of the^ peo ple, not a government of-Mr; Keh^ nedy, or any other one man. In the early days of the Roose velt era, Mr. Roosevelt was Gov ernor of New York, the ablest man among a group of brilliant thinkers was Raymond Moley. Dr. Moley, scholar and thinker wrote many of the early Roosevelt Speeches. Dr. Moley could not fol low all the socialistic trend of Mr. Roosevelt, as you may see from the following: “There are many rural electric cooperatives all over the nation, subsidized by Federal loans at 2 per cent interest—money for which the Treasury must pay almost twice as much. Those cooperatives, originally designed to bring elec tricity to remote farms and towns, now seek to r penetrate cities and their suburbs. Over the years I have consist ently refrained from calling the later New Deal, the Fair Deal, and THE MANION FORUM ••••••••••••••••••• The first requisite for a com pletely human life is liberty. The absence of liberty is the enduring wrong of Communism. This basic shortage of liberty cannot be cur ed by soaring Sputniks nor by Communist military might. It can not be cured by any real or imag ined superiority in the field of Soviet education, medicine or in dustrial production. Wherever despotism sits upon the lid of power, you may be sure that human liberty is boiling up underneath, making for explosion. It has to be this way because lib erty is the God-given nature o f mankind. A nation like ours, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the prop osition that all men are creatures of God, can never exist safely and peacefully side-by-side with a system dedicated to the propaga tion of godless materialism. In our w r ar with Communism, all of our leaders have indignantly repudiated the report that our plans include the possibility of our ultimate surrender. Our alterna tives, then, are victory or death. The contradictory nature of the adversaries in the cold w r ar rule out the possibility of a compromise in co-existence. We have been at this cold war now for many years. Few of the free world countries have worked as hard during this period for the cause of freedom as the Commun ists have worked to enslave the people. This country has spent billions of dollars in foreign aid and allied efforts, for the announc ed purpose of keeping the peace over the earth. Many of our leg islators voted for foreign aid ex penditures because they did not the New Frontier species of social ism. This has been because social ism involves consistent planning absent from these programs of in discriminate additions to Federal authority. But in these present plans of the Interior Department, a long-held basic objective of Am erican socialism is plainly visible. I would not have introduced this note of comparison except that New Frontiersmen, including can didate Kennedy in 1960, have been telling us that Russia is going to overtake us in the the production and distribution of electric power. In forty years since Lenin, Am erican individual enterprise not only has outstripped Russia but wdll be far ahead at least twenty years to come. In 1960 the Soviet had only 62,000 miles of trans mission lines. We have 304,000. Our production is 7,500 . kilowatts per capita; the Soviet, 3,000. The average annual use per customer here is 3,927 kilowatt-hours; in Russia, 500. This advantage can be maintained if we avoid the temptation to nationalize a great industry owned by millions of Am erican investors.” know what else to do. After all, if money will not buy victory over Communism, then what else is there to do? The first thing, is to confess that such a question would admit the validity of the basic Commun ist contention—that men were meant to live by bread alone. This is substantially what the Devil said to Jesus at the Devil’s fam ous summit conference recorded in the Gospel of St. Matthew. What Jesus said to the Devil is recommended for repetition by our president in the unfortunate event of another planned summit con ference. The most effective workers for Communism are those in our own country who plug tor every new foreign and domestic project that calls i'er Federal money. These are the characters who expect to pick up the pieces for the Kremlin in the confusion that would follow the economic crash of the United States of America. For years we have continuously strengthened the Communist ene my while we diluted our own pow er in internationalism and foreign give-aways. Whenever Soviet Com munism is ready to collapse, we always rush in with a resuscita- tor. We have worried about the Com munist economic penetration in the form of loans and gifts to neutral countries, ignoring the no torious fact that millions are star ving in Red China. When anti communists were fighting against the pro-Communist Sukarno i n Indonesia, we were neutral until the rebellion subsided. Then we sent arms to Sukarno. Some billions of dollars went for such foolish purposes.Of course the people in the countries ^ where our money has gone have no idea where the money came from. These financial trans actions are strict ly government-to-gov e r n m e n t deals. One of the reasons our foreign aid has done so little to ease the international problems, and in fact has aided the cause of Commun ism, is that the people in Congress apparently have confused the as sociation of “governments” in NATO, SEATO and the UN with the concept of the brotherhood of man. We refuse to accept the fact that aid to Gomulka is not aid to the Polish people, and sub sidies to Tito serve only to seal the Yugoslavs in slavery. We deal with Khrushchev on the theory that he is the legitimate representative of the Russian peo ple. We cannot defend freedom in this country by wasting our sub stance upon opportunistic foreign governments that are here today and gone tomorrow. Our economic resources are re duced to the point where we can not defend the entire world. The only country that will defend the United States of America is the government of the United States of America. One of the things on the agenda of the new session of Congress will be the matter of foreign aid. Ask your Congressman what coun try will be offering to send “for eign aid” to us, when we have sent all our gold out of the coun try, and when we have committed ourselves far beyond our resources to help “people” in enslaved coun tries to gain their freedom, by giving money and goods to the Babj' Dennis Blaine Allen, 118 O’Dell street, Whitmire. Mrs. Emma Sue Babb, 1412 Harris St. Mrs. Dorothy Bolt, 617 O’Neal street. Mrs. Pauline Berry, Route. 1. Miss Freda Bowers, Route 2. Mrs. Willie Mae Bickley, 2908 McCravy street. Mrs. Ruth Crayne, 431 Grant street, Whitmire. Little Sandy Jo Crapps, Route 1, Whitmire. Charles Cromer, Route 1. Mrs. Frances Dawkins, Route i. Baby Michael Eaton, Route 2, Prosperity. Mrs. Ora P. Hendrix, Route 4. Mrs. Hattie W. Hendrix, Route three. William F. Lester, Prosperity. Vernon Livingston, Route three, Anderson. Louis Morris, 2012 Main street. Miss Mary Linda Mills, Rt. 1 Mrs. Martha Nobles, 321 Player street. Mrs. Claudia Nobles, 311 Berry street. Mis Lorraine Paris, 1105 Speer street. Little Cathy Pitts, 500 Gerguson St., Clinton Lewie Rinehart, Route 4. Mrs. 'Vera Louise Rister, 402 O'Neal Street. Miss Mary Sue Sherbert, 2545 Nance street. Mrs. Mary Shealy, Little Moun tain. Jacob Eugene Stockman, Nance street extension. Mrs. Nora West, Route feur, Leesville. Mrs. Betty Yochem, 1302 Jef ferson street. Mrs. Bettie Boland. Little Mtn. Mrs. Edith Minich, 508 Green street. Mrs. Frances Marion Long and baby girl, Route 4. Mrs. Lora Schumpert, 1603 Har rington street. Chaney Rutherford, 812 Reese square. Baby Girl Cooper, Route one, Pomaria. Morris LeMont Davis, Route 3. Josephine Johnston, Route 4. Albert Kinard, 1228 Simpson St. Robert Lee Sims, 1409 Caldwell street. Bill Turner, Route 3. Jordan Werts, Route 3. Rillie Mae Wise, Route three, Prosperity. Mrs. Vida Counts Thomason, 70, widow of J. S. Thomason, died Tuesday morning at a local clinic after several months illness. . She was born and reared in this county, a daughter of the late G. C. and Emily Nichols Counts. She had lived in Spartanburg, New berry and Columbia for several years before returning to Prosper ity in 1941. She was a member of Wightman Methodist church and the Ladies Missionary society. She was also a member of the Or der of the Eastern Star and the United Daughters of the Confed eracy. Surviving are a daughter, Miss Joy Thomason cf Prosperity; a sister, Mrs. W. C. Barnes of Pros perity; and two brothers, E d d Counts of Prosper: f v and Olin Counts of Newberry. Funeral services were conduct ed at 2 p.m. Wednesday at the McSwain Funeral home by Rev. George Straitt. Burial was in the Greenlawn Memorial Gardens in Spartanburg. heads of their governments—the very men that have led the people into slavery in the first place. Noah Martin Dies Suddenly Noah J. Martin, 79, of Rt. 3, Newberry, died at noon Monday en route to a local hospital after suffering a heart attack at his home. He was born and reared in New- berry County and had spent his entire life in the Trinity communi ty where he had farmed until his retirement. He was a son of the late Elijah and Mary Stevens Mar tin. He was a member of Trinity Methodist Church. His wife was the late Mrs. Sallie Hendrix Martin. Surviving are 7 sons, Lewis D., John V/., E. Vernon and Clyde Martin, all of Newberry, Ray A. Martin of Silverstreet, Rev. Rex V. Martin of Easley and Rev. James H. Martin of Conway; 3 daughters, Mrs. S. L. Senn of Newberry, Mrs. W. P. Aiken of Macon, Ga., and Mrs. Harry Wright of Iva; and 20 grandchil dren. Funeral services were conducted at 1 a.m. Wednesday at Trinity Methodist Church by Rev. Glenn W. Parrott and Rev. James Aiken. Burial was in the church ceme tery. Pallbearers were Guy Boozer, Jesse Senn, Harold Hendrix, Wil liam Pitts, Winston Hendrix and Wilmer Longshore. SENATOR] ■STRO HURMOND Reports PEOPLE Perhaps never in the history of the American Republic has there been such paradoxes. * * * Leaders of both major poli tical parties have joined hands, or perhaps it is vocal chords, to decry and denounce the groundswell of conserva tism in Amer ica, which is now labelled “extreme right radical ism." * * * To make the situation even mor e astounding, c . w . Harder joining with them in the loud and anguished outcry is Nor man Thomas. * * * Norman Thomas, as many will recall, ran for president for many years as the candi date of the socialist party. A few years ago he retired from the hustings with the announce ment there was no longer any use of him running, as all his objectives had been achieved. * * * ^.iajor attacks on the conser vative groups seem to be based on their desire to cut non- essential government spending to permit tax reductions, to end the scandalous programs of the foreign give away pro grams which have cost the U.S. taxpayers $100 billion. * * * On several occasions, voting through the National Federa tion of Independent Business, the nation’s independent busi ness and professional people have supported these aims. * * * The only substantial tempor al force arrayed against the evil of Communism today is ♦he United States of America. Put U.S. strength depends on ■z) Vi*■'in’ll FV.!»ratian of Independent Business a healthy economy. It appears that the conservative viewpoint is that constant bureaucratic erosion of the U. S. economy is helping the Kremlin. * * * In fact, there appears no rhyme or reason in effort to contain communism. * ♦ * For example, the Tito gov ernment of Yugoslavia is com munist. But because the U.S. State Dept, considers him some sort of a “benevolent communist" U.S. gives him jet warplanes, * * * The U.S. has also given him In half million tons lots wheat to feed his people to keep them supporting his regimo. * * • The present Chinese govern ment is also communist. It is also having a tiff with the Kremlin. China has also been trying to buy wheat from the U.S. reportedly willing to ex change gold and silver for it. * • * ‘ The U.S. is not selling China, although allies such as Aus tralia, Canada, France, and others are selling them mil lions of tons. * * * Three snakes, a rattler, wat er mocassin and a cobra prob ably would not get along to gether too well, but woe betide the man who stumbled onto them while they were in argu ment among themselves. * * * Yet with one snake, Russia, the U.S. is permitting some trading. With another snake the U.S. is furnishing nourish ment and the means of becom ing even more deadly. Bnt the third snake cannot even buy from the U.S. Is it any wonder there is confusion in the land as to how anti-communist the U.S. policy of the past few years really Is? Gag Hearings Productive THE HEARINGS into gag ging our military leaders in their anti-communist statements and seminars have gotten off to a good start. In trying to gag the investigation, the left-wing press had billed the hearings as bound to be disorderly, filled with character assassination, and overflowing with “right- wing” diatribes. The only gag ging which has been accom plished since the hearings start ed has been the gag the Secre tary of Defense has put on his censors. He has ordered them not to tell who censored what. A STATEMENT sent in by General Eisenhower opened the hearings. The former President put himself on record as being against present censorship pol icies, even those used under his Administration. His statement constituted a strong refutation of the Fulbright Memorandum. AT LEAST three conclusions ha^e been agreed on by most everyone involved in the hear ings: (1) military men should not engage in partisan politics —and I know of none win desire to do so; (2) the unquestioned principle of civilian control over the military is a “straw-man is sue,” as expressed by former Defense Secretary Lovett, after using most of his statement de fending this time-honored tra dition; and (3) the, censored phrases on communism appear “very odd ard strange,” as ex pressed by Senators Stennis, Case and others. INVOLVED in the censor ship phase of the hearings are more than 160 censored items. Many persons seem amazed to learn that the State Department has been- doing most of the heavy-handed censoring on ref erences to communism. Particu larly shocking have been State Department censor notes which indicate the following: (1) disbe lief in the conspiratorial nature of world communism;. (2) reli ance on a qhange or mellowing of the USSR into a non-aggres sive and peaceful socialist state; (3) insistence that we want na tions to select their own type systems, even if they choose communism; and (4) that “it is only the externally aggressive type (Sino-Soviet) which the U. S. is committed to check.” WHAT REMAINS to be an swered is whether the censors are acting capriciously on their own or in accordance with estab lished national policies which have not been made readily available to the public. There is strong evidence indicating the latter, but the public will be better able to judge this matter as the hearings progress and more information is re vealed. FROM MY study oi the cen sored items and my acquaint ance with recent and past policies in dealing with the communist menace, I am con vinced that these actions reflect what I call a “no-win” policy. Out State Department policy planners have sold our leaders on the idea that we do not want to win the cold war. They give the impression that the only aspect of communism which we abhor is its militarily aggres sive nature. COLUMNIST Holmes Alexan der has reached this conclusion: “This Administration i* against war—it is not against Commu nism. I invite the Stennis sub committee to examine the docu ments and the witne&ses which constitute the No Win policy. The Senators will soon see that the No Win policy is giving us peace and defeat in the same package.” I AM GLAD that President Kennedy now recognizes that the gag hearings “will be se- ful.” I am also pleased that former President Elsenhower has been a big enough man to announce to the world that his Administration and his prede cessors were wrong in imple menting censorship policies. THIS investigation is already proving to be most productive and enlightening for everyone. Sincerely, jEfcxmru* ‘i£juuvyYuenuL From The Seville Chronicle, Seville, Ohio: It was some time ago that we were suddenly con scious of smoking more ... and then discovered that the John Middleton Company was now packaging its good pipe tobacco in a new giant king-sized 14-ounce pound can. We began to watch weight in pre-packaged items then. Candy bars retained the same size pack ages, but you had to feel around the edges with your fingers to find the actual bar, which squirted around loose like a marble in a cigar box. Cereal came in 7-ounce or 6 V4-ounce “big, family-size” box. Two bottles of after-shave lotion could fit in the handsome display box it’s manufacturer conceived. All in all, we’ve been pretty poor sports about this sort of thing, and when the government threat ened to crack dewn on inaccurate labeling and packaging, we ac tually laughed out loud. Then we read a book by Vance Packard titled “The Wastemak- ers." It claimed that manufactur ers were deliberately cheapening major appliances so they wouldn’t last so long They desired trade- ins every few years like th* auto mobile manufacturers. This really scared us and we started inspect ing major appliances. Alas, our record player, one of the first 3-speed changers in the ^ area (we had to order it by mail: local dealers said there wax no 1 such thing and that 45-rpm rec ords would soon d?ive the new fangled 33-rpm albums from the market) is still working beauti fully. Occasional needle cartridges have been its only upkeep. Our television, bought used many years ago, has had one new pic ture tube in its decade of exist ence. Except for a missing knob, tt is in fine shape. The automatic washer shudders and moans but produces a load of nearly-drj washing just as effi ciently as the day we bought it There has never been a service call But the only appliance that has come near being defective was the automatic water heater with an absolute 10-year guarantee. It collapsed in ten years, three months, which was timing it pretty close Not being able to conform em barrasses us considerably. Maybe we bought from the wrong defers , THE HARDY FAMILY BY U0YD BIMRMHAM ** • ^ (W- ‘I pngn F - I mmm 1 * Auditor’s 1962 Tax Assessment Notice * * ' Returns of personal property, real property, new build ings and real estate transfers, and poll tax are to be made at the County Auditor's Office beginning: JANUARY 2nd, 1962 * V * *. - • A . . . ’ - * : ' • V* - - . * ’ V * * . .s*-' through FEBRUARY 28th, 1962 All able-bodied male citizens between the ages of twen ty-one and sixty are liable to $1.00 poll tax. All returns are to be made by Tax Districts. Your fail ure to make return calls for penalty as prescribed by law. RALPH B. BLACK, Auditor Newberry County 4-H Bread Demonstration Titles Worth $50 Bonds to Three Teens ft Demonstrating how to make taste treats with yeast dough has won $50 U.S. savings bonds for three 16-year-old Palmetto State girls. The 1961 state award winners in 4-H bread demonstration are Judith Half acre, daughter of the Grady Halfacres, Pros perity; Mary Martin, daugh ter of Mrs. Dixie Martin, West- MImH«lf«er« minster; and Linda Simpson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Luther Simpson, Sr., Seneca. Standard Brands Incorpor ated has been the 4-H bread demonstration donor for 10 years in this 4-H program di rected by the Cooperative Ex tension Service. Miss Halfacre’s novel winning demonstration used basic yeast dough. She spread a caramel filling on the dough, rolled it like a jelly roll, cut two-inch thick slices, then baked them in muffin tins. Miss Halfacre, who lives on a 200 acre farm, Newberry county, has carried clothing, canning, dairy and garden projects as well as foods during her eight year 4-H career. Since her par ents were local 4-H leaders she actually began her club work when three years old, she stated. She has won county blue rib bons in bread demonstration three previous years, and a dis trict blue ribbon in canning this year. She also claimed 45 blue ribbons in her dairy project. She served^ three terms as president rtf the Mid-Carolina Seftidr A-Hufub, and also served as reporter of the Junior 4-H Leadership Club. A team bread demonstration on “Action Quick Cinnamon Buns” was given by the other prize-winners, the Misses Martin Miu Martin Mist Simpson and Simpson, both of Oconee county. Last year they chose buttermilk rolls to demonstrate before county and district audi ences. The- two girls, with four others, also worked up a song and dance routine to “Shortenin’ Bread,” called “Darktown Strut-: ten Ball,” for county, district 4-H Round-up and state talent shows. Both are members of Seneca Junior Music Club. Six year 4-H’er xstf Martin, was county winner in 1098 with her corn meal muffins in the junior South Carolina corn meal muffin contest. Her chief 4-H projects are food preparation and preservation, clothing, gar den, health and beautification of home grounds. A junior leader, she has served as secretary of Oakway “C” 4-H Club and reporter of Oconee County 4-H Council. She plays the flute in the Walhalla Marching Band. Miss Simpson was crowned as “Miss 4-H” on the basis of her work in the county. She won a blue ribbon in dress revue as well as being the narrator. Her splice board electric demonstra tion was given at the State Elec tric Congress. She also is a junior leader, president of Oakway “C” 4-H Club, and reporter of county 4-H CounciL