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THE NEWBERRY SUN THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 2. 19^6 PAGE TWO 1218 Collefrc Street NEWBERRY. S C PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield. Jr.. Owner Entered as second-class matter December 6. 1937 hi the Postoffice at Newberry, South Carolina, under ihe Act of Congress of March 3. 187 9. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year m ad vance; six months. $1.25. COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS The United States government did not create itself; most of our people know that but they have overlooked it. The war for Independence, commonly known among us as the Revolutionary w-ar, or the War of the American Revolution, was really begun by the Province of Massachusetts, a royal province of the British king. That war virtually ended about five years later when Lord Cornwallis surrendered to Geo. Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, 1781. Massachusetts, Virginia, South Carolina—and the other ten royal provinces—were entirely separate before the war, dealing directly with the British government. During the war the thirteen had a plan of cooperation, but the revolting or rebelling provinces were not fighting to form a nation, each thinking, planning and fighting for its own indepen dence. The well-remembered statement in the Declaration off Independence says that these united COLONIES are and !6f right ought to be free and INDEPENDENT States. The word “State” as they used it, and as it is still understood in International law, means Sovereign, self-governing, com pletely free and unfettered people acting alone and with all the dignity of Great Britain herself. Sometime after the surrender at Yorktown, King George recognized the full independence and sovereignty ot each of the 13 Colonies, now recognized as Sovereign States. He did not recognize a Union or a Nation of 13 colonies, or prov inces or States, but 13 “STATES” separately. The 13 “States” began their new existence just as Bel gium, Holland, France, Switzerland live today, side by side, neighbors. But after a while New York and others imposed heavy customs duties on goods from the neighboring states and it was thought by George Washington—and others— that a closer association in commerce would be advantageous to the new states. So a group met at Annapolis but the at tending persons were too few r to be fairly representative ot the 13 states, so anothermeeting was called to be held in Philadelphia. Now, what was before the group at Philadelphia?. A weak cooperative plan with no executive, no competent court to decide issues affecting the states when they had dif ferences of opinion or clashes. The 13 were trying to co operate under the Articles of Confederation but the so- called General government had no real powers of any kind Worth mentioning, because the States were not willing to delegate their sovereignty or their dignity. In that atmosphere of State sovereignty, dignity and jealousy the Constitutional Convention met. It was not strictly a Constitutional convention SINCE NO STATE HAD AUTHORIZED ANYBODY TO PREPARE A NEW agree ment of cooperation as AMONG STATES. The delegates in Philadelphia proceeded boldly and were amazed and perplexed by their own handiwork; they feared that the states would reject the proposed Constitution as too radical an encroachment on the sovereign powers cher ished by the states. The States certainly were not enthusiastic over the pro posed new agreement. Massachusetts and Virginia were op posed. Even Virginia, under the hypnotic eloquence of old Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee, was not enthusiastic for the Constitution even though George Washington and James Madison were so eager for it. All the logic and elo quence of James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, as well as the towering grandeur of the incomparable Washington, were necessary to overcome the unwillingness of the States to delegate so much of their powers to a national govern ment. An agreement was reached which saved the day— and made possible an effective union: the rights of states, their reserved rights, would be made SURE and CERTAIN by a group of AMENDMENTS. Ten Amendments were adopted within a few months. Shortly before the inaugura tion of Washington North Carolina and Rhode Island came in; otherwise they would have remained separate, sover eign, unfettered, unassociated States or nations, just as Belgium and Holland are today—neighbors, but independent. When I drove from Northern France to Belgium, then over into Holland it was exactly like driving from South Carolina through Georgia and Alabama. I have dwelt at length on the atmosphere, the spirit, the law and the solemn agreements because the Supreme court of the United States, from ignorance or crass indifference, seems to treat lightly the most solemn agreements, agree ments without which there would have been no national union of sovereign states. As Pve said frequently, this is not narrowly a race issue; this is a fundamental concern, the race matter being but one phase of it. The assumption by the Executive, the Congress and the Supreme Court of power to impose taxes which savor of Communism; and their assumption of a valid authority to lend and give American tax money to foreign nations are bther phases of unlawful exercise of powers not conferred on the National government, and in no way being that dip- DSIEMMA AT GROUND HOG HOLE lomatic relation to other powers contemplated by the Con stitution. And I say again, that the plan of Mr. Roosevelt, to restrict income to a certain figure, draining off one’s in come up to 91 per cent is grossly communistic. Even with the risk of taking issue with some eminent men. I venture to assert that we are thinking too much about Russia. We know, and have long known, that Russia and Germany violated solemn agreements. Certainly Hitler’s program was one of brutal force against all right and justice; we had known much of Russia before Mr. Roosevelt opened the doors to Russia after our Nation had closed them years before. So we are learning nothing new about Russia except a few details. We ought- to know that the billions we have thrown away in France, China and elsewhere are of very doubtful value, even disregarding the unlawful use of American tax money. As you know, we have lent and given money, food and ships to Russia; and Mr. Roosevelt let the RUSSIANS PRINT AND ISSUE AMERICAN MONEY’!! Did you know that? Has Russia returned all the ships we lent them? Has she ever accounted for all the American money she printed with American printing plates lent by Mr. Roosevelt. Does anybody know? Does anybody know anything about the details of our deal ings with Russia? If our Government didn’t sell that na tion down the river it must have been because the billions of dollars wouldn’t float. Now here we are: a nation with exorbitant taxes even Communistic confiscation, throwing money in every direc tion, whether in the guise of military aid or the so-called humanitarian uplift. Why should the American taxpayer feed the world, or arm the world, or go forth with a childish gullibility to raise the standards of other people? The first and only function of our nation is to promote the well-being of Americans here in America. In order to do that we should be strong, here and in our war potential; and for the prosperity and happiness of our people we should have just taxation, not coercive, repressive or re strictive income taxation. Many of the States challenged the Federal power in the early days, Massachusetts, New YorK, Virginia, Kentucky, South Carolina and Georgia. Some by resolutions; some by other means, but South Carolina became known because of the resolution declaring the tariff laws of that day as being beyond the scope of the powers delegated by the States to the union. It may be noted that the oft-reviled ordinance or reso lution of nullification was not a complete failure; the Con gress backed down quite a bit by reducing the tariff duties which had prompted the resolution. That was one of Henry Clay’s compromises and was agreed to by John C. Calhoun/ Interposition, in effect, was dramatically and tragically adopted by Georgia in Andrew Jackson’s Administration. An Indian was condemned to death by the Georgia courts. He appealed to the United States Supreme court, which re versed the Georgia court. Jackson refused to enforce the Federal court’s decree, saying “John Marshall (Chief Jus tice) has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” Georgia proceeded to hang the Indian. So Andrew Jackson didn’t like Nullification by resolution but himself proceeded to nul lify a decision of the United States Supreme court. We have said much about the Ninth and Tenth Amend ment so here they are: ‘The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” FIVE OF A KIND . . . Carol Gaser displays quintuplet Holstein calves born on Gaser farm at Valley City, O. Each weighed 20 to 25 pounds at birth. ORESIDENT Eisenhower’s state * of the union message to the sec ond session of the 84th Congress lacked the glamour which has surrounded the delivery of these messages in recent years, main ly for the reason that the Presi dent was not present himself, be ing in far-away Key West, there fore there was none of the panoply or pomp which usually surrounds the occasion when a President ad dresses a joint session of the Con gress in person. Although the message stated that the President would come to the congress from time to time with special messages setting out in detail some particular legisla tion for which he would ask ac tion, there were several funda mental questions upon which the President apparently has veered since his last message to the Con gress. Foremost was on the ques tion of foreign policy. It seemed, perhaps that the President has abandoned any idea of “co-exist ence” with the Communist leaders in Moscow, since the smiling at mosphere of the Geneva confer ence at the summit has been dis sipated by the more recent acts and statements of the top Reds. “We know that Soviet and Chi- nest communism still poses a seri ous threat to the free world,” he said, “and Communist tactics have shifted in emphasis from re liance on violence and the threat of violence to reliance on division, enticement and duplicity. We must be well prepared to meet the current tactics which pose a dangerous though less obvious threat . . . this involves two things —a system which gives clear warning that armed aggression will be met by joint action of the free nations, and deterrent mili tary power to make that warning effective.” The President also has veered away from his proposal to finance highway construction by a long term bond issue, outside the budg et structure. In asking for a high way construction program he merely says “there must be an adequate plan of financing.” In a special message to the Con gress on farm relief, he promised he would outline a “new” detailed plan to attack the surplus prob lem, ask new congressional funds for new markets, new crops and new uses, authorize a soil bank program to alleviate problem of diverted acres, strengthen surplus disposal activities, and his state of the union message did not men tion the parity price support prob lem, either rigid 90% or the slid ing scale. He expects a balanced budget this coming June, and will propose a balanced budget for the 1956-57 fiscal year, but there will be no tax cuts until this has been obtained and at least some at tempt has been made to reduce the national debt. He urged re tention of all excise and corporate taxes for another year beyond next April 1. at present rates. He said the old-age and survivors insurance program is sound and must be kept so and he will ask for further expansion and cover age. He will submit a new health plan. Q—Can yon five me the dates of some of the state primaries this year? A—The New Hampshire primary is March 13; Minnesota, March 20; Wisconsin, April 3; Illinois, April 10; Oregon, May 18; Florida, with two primary system, first May 8, run-off May 29; California, June 5. Q—What was the amount of tho national production in 1965? A—Department of Commereo says gross national production in 1965 was |387 billion, s 927 billion increase over 1954. Q—Why dees the Veterans Administration require veterans te file an- nual questionnaires? A—Because disability and death pensions are subject to annual income limitations. VA has mailed out 566,000 questionnaires to veterans and to 457,000 widows and children of deceased veterans. The questionnaires are mailed only te those veterans and dependents who are on VA pension rolls. Q—Are there any figures en disaster relief paid by the Federal Gov ernment? A—Federal Civil Defense Administration, designated as coordinating agency for activities of all federal agencies in natural disaster re lief, recently reported that in three years almost $80 million has been paid out in disaster relief in 38 states, Alaska and Hawaii. Fifteen federal agencies participated. CROSSWORD PUZZLE ACROSS 1 Frightens 7 P«rfum« ob tained from flowors (pi.) 13 Europoon |4 Changing direction 16 A Roman emperor 17 Drinker 19 To chill 20 Ravine 21 Widentowthed jugs 22 Portico 23 North Syrian deity 24 Article 25 The sweetsop 27 Paid (abbr.) 28 Wander 31 Elavatad transportation linos 32 Indian tant 35 Old pronoun 9 36 Dance stop 37 Streams 38 Command 40 Kind of mushroom 41 Roach 43 Occupied • soot 44 Man's noma 47 River of . Franco 48 Female doer 4? Short for one who tokos dictation 50 French for "ond" 51 Observed 53 Tho gods 54 Therefore 55 Polynesian chestnut 58 Animal 60 Felines 62 Nahoor sheep (pl.) 63 Milwaukee Braves ball player 64 Opposed te aweather 65 Pleasing sound 67 Student ot an English school 69 Descendants of Mohammedan through Fatima 70 Call for urgent ly DOWN I Furtiveness ! Man's name I Succulent plortf l Japanese measure > Consumed i Frozen rain f Prevents I Succinct ) Symbol for tellur hmt ) Port of circle (pfj 1 Unruly 'out break 2 .One who pries 13 S To endow Iegallyl45 18 24 26 29 30 31 33 34 34 37 39 40 41 42 43 Open space forest (pi-) Resounds French cham- •n Agitato Part of plant <pU Of the ear Spike of corn Occurrence Volcano tn Martinique Writing implement Decay Expiree Feminine name Unwilftnq Lock {aw Hindu gold smith casta 46 48 49 52 53 56 57 59 60 61 66 68 In ptoee of To free from tension Postpones Spanish far "yes" African antelope Italian poet Bark of the paper mulberry Deadlv-pala One of tho six portions of tho Mishnah Scene of Christ's firs* miracle Measure of Iceland River of Norway Socrad Hindu word Answer ie Pnssle Ne. 81* A au&jLiu aaa nan niaci tiurj k l N (F r T [I i c e E L A T E T E N EJ A N T H E A H R 1 o' A S L E E P r P 1 N 4 s A N D R e a 0 S D naa rapira non 330 CROSS /i. idnos_frotri_ofher editors to pare marginal employment to From the Harvard Herald. Har vard, Illinois: The federal mini mum wage law has always exempt ed certain businesses, of which retailing is one. When the wage rate was last increased by Con gress, an effort was made to ex tend the coverage to some of the exempt enterprises including in terstate retailers, such as the chains. But the effort failed, and the established exemptions were extended Now. it appears, renewed efforts to broaden coverage will be made so the reasons for the retail exemption should be generally un derstood. Retailing is an intensely local enterprise Even if a store is an outlet of a national chain, it must compete for business on the local level. That means it must be able to adjust its costs, wages includ ed. to local standards and condi tions. For example, the going wage rate in New York City would be hopelessly out of line in a small southern town. Retailing also is a business which can give employment to marginal workers whose services are of extremely limited value. From the experience they can ad vance to more responsible, better paying work. If. however, the legal starting wage were too high, stores would have no choice but minimum—and thus these work ers would be denied the opportu nity to gain skills • • • From the Seville Chronicle. Se ville. Ohio: For about 100 years, says the Christian Science Moni tor in an editorial, most farmers have supported tariffs which held up the prices of industrial goods they had to buy and cut down im ports which would have paid for crops they wished to sell abroad. They received relatively little protection from tariffs themselves. For in many crops they produced surpluses which had to be sold on the world market, and these fixed domestic prices. Finally, in another postwar pe riod of declining prices (the 20*s> farmers began te press for some form of effective protection for themselves. So we have had a suc cession of plans to limit farm pro duction to hold up prices. Farmers—partly because of their numbers—find it hard to restrict production. Aside from weather uncertainties it is their instinct to produce. So let’s not blame them for fol lowing other groups in the econ omy in seeking government aid. Let us question rather how far such aid should go. DamCarwigme AUTHOR OF ‘‘HOW TO STOP WORRYING AND START LIVING” ^ W ILLIAM C. ASHER, 129 Jersey Street, Marblehead, Massachusetts, says that worry was causing confusion in his business, and con fusion was costing him dollars until he learned to follow the method of locking himself in "day tight compartments." He used to open the office mail in the morning, sort it out, one pile for tomorrow, one for the next day, and so on, until nothing was left for today. He would leave the office in the morning, and on the way to a client’s office he would see a sign of a grand opening, and he would stop to sell an advertising campaign. Then he would worry about how to do the other things necessary in the time available. In pursuing this method, he became com pletely confused and accomplished nothing. Now he carries a card of "today's calls" in one pocket and in another a card with other reminders. , Now he passes a grand opening, he puts the name down on a card and continues on his "today" schedule. When he starts out he has yesterday's CA * ° work behind him and today's before him with plenty of time to handle the office details and the mail before he makes his calls. By following this method of locking himself in day tight compartments, he declares he has eliminated confusion and improved his business, and he is much happier at his work than before (■■I ■■r-rr“-r“ , rrT’i~rHHK-Hr~r- , rK~r» , n«Hii ■■■ 5?S! ’*1 : ri „ 'I MM r IHM« Ml IS V ' M r l| 'MMMlI ■■■ ' •’ I -I* ,r F M K ^ rp 'S*S» * »'r* hbmiimv* LASTING GATE . . . Shown above ia a gate that will test. Made of wire and used pipe, gate has built-in wire stretcher—pipe bolted to gate upright. Tighten bolt holding pipes together and wire Is tightened at the same time. This on' Thet D CHAMF • . . Ana- L9mlM Crapp, 17, m mm at the world** 8:7.6 ter 446 yards) I vards: 16:26. ared that Julios Beraa made 819.96 dleceff earned 87.46 every time ha hit Oie golf ban ia temey ftay . . . Walt Drope, White 8es teat j