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PA UK TWO ims roller sti'vet NKVVHKK H V. S ( lU HUSUKO K\ 1*'UV rill KSl>A\ 0. K, AnntieUl. Jr., IHvner Entered m* nu^tt^r IKH*©inb^r 6, iit the Pustot'fiio nt Newberry, So\\th Caroliim. umior ihe Act of Congress of March H, 187U, SUBSCRU y nON RATES: $200 per year m mi- vanee; aix month*, $1.25, COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS SPECTATOR The governing powers of our State are alert to the uigent need to encourage industry in South Carolina. Undoubtedly the leaders are studying our laws so that no law shall stand in the way of our development. 1 hope they may consider every factor for a half billion dollars in new industr ies and in development of those we now have and fully appreciate would mean infinitely more for our people and all units of government than the possible loss of a few dollars at this mo ment. In other words, just as businessmen invest millions, looking to the future, so may our State wisely remove any barriers we now’ have so that, like an investment, it may bring forth abundant fruit in time. One thing that I’ve heard of (and there may be others) is that a Company from North Carolina or Georgia may deliver power to enterprises in South Carolina without paying the same taxes paid by a South Carolina company. I’m sure no one means to do harm to our South Carolina electric power business, but our own people have to compete under adverse conditions with our neighboring States. We must bring hundreds of millions of dollars to this State and we must be ready to compete in dollars and cents to do that. “interposition Doctrine Sound” is the opinion of Governor Timmerman, as quoted by the daily papers. What is “inter position”? That is a long story but let us refresh our mem ories. Quoting freely and at length from Henry William El- son of Philadelphia, one of the most readable historians, (and I should say here that he makes special acknowledge ment to eminent scholars of New York and Pennsylvania) (and no Southerner.) Let us get a start by re-stating foundational facts: “The governments of the Nation and of the State differ in two important respects. 1. The powers of the Nation^re delegated powers, and did not exist before the Union was formed in 1789; while the powers of the State are inherent and date back to colonial times. 2. The Federal Government has no power beyond that which is given it in the Constitu tion, that which affects the whole people; while a State has absolute power over its own people and its own Territory, except, of course, that which is delegated to the Nation. It is true a State is forbidden a few things by the Federal Constitution, such as granting titles of nobility, passing ex post facto laws, adopting other than a republican form of government, denying a man tho right to vote on account of race or color, and the like; but aside from these and a few others a State has absolute control over its own affairs. States’ Rights are as sacred and inviolable as National rights; and the Nation has no more authority to overthrow the State governments or to encroach upon States’ Rights, beyond that granted by the Constitution, than the States have to overthrow its authority. In either case it would be revolution. 1 * 1 4 !£ T,n.«S A State, therefore, is independent of the Federal Gov ernment in its own domain, nor does it derive its powers from the latter; but the moment it gets beyond its own bound ary its authority ceases, and it comes in contact with Fed eral authority. In fact, a State has no power whatever be yond its own bounds. It cannot even pursue and bring back an escaped criminal from another State without National authority; it cannot deny to citizens from another State the privileges and immunities extended to its own citizens. The General Government; it has real authority over the whole people, but that authority is limited, is delegated, and exists only by the virtue of a written bond. . The power of the States comes down to us from colonial days, the State constitutions being but modifications of the royal charters, while the powers of the Federal Govern ment, though conferred at a later date, were nevertheless necessary. On the other hand, a unified, consolidated government would be equally impossible. The country is too vast, and the people too well educated and too independent and jeal ous of their liberties to submit to any central all-pervading authority, or to permit their local affairs to be managed by other hands than their own. Be it remembered that only a part of the vast power of the people has been delegated to the General Government. Every true-hearted American who studies this intricate problem, the relation of the States and the Nation, will plainly see that the hand of Providence has been over it all, and while he will rejoice in our grand and glorious Union, he will take scarcely less pride in States’ Rights, the great palladium of our liberty. Before the close of the year 1798, and While the obnox ious Alien and Sedition laws were still in force, and Ken tucky legislature passed a series of resolutions severely condemning the Alien and Sedition Laws. A few weeks later the legislature of Virginia adopted a series of very similar resolutions, but somewhat milder in tone. These expressions from these two legislative bodies attracted much attention and became famous in American history. THE NEW UK HR Y SIN BIGGEST QUIZ QUESTION OF 'Si It was not known at the time who wrote them; but it was found many years afterward that Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Kentucky Resolutions, and James Madison of the Virginia Resolutions. The Virginia Resolutions were eight in number. They declared if Congress enacted laws that were unconstitu tional, it was the right and duty of the States to interpose and arrest the progress of the evil. South Carolina made much of these resolutions, fathered by the great Jefferson, the Democratic idol, when adopting her Nullification Ordinance in 1882. The school of Southern statesmen, led by Calhoun, based their doctrine of State sovereignty largely on the same ground.” • In 1814 the Legislature of Massachusetts called a conven tion of New England States. That Hartford convention de clared : “That acts of Congress in violation of the Constitution are absolutely void,” and that the “states which have no common umpire must be their own judges and execute their own decisions.” The casual reader may think that all this is mere ver biage, but a hundred years is but a short time in the life of a nation. If Mr. Roosevelt could twist and subvert the Constitution; and if the present Supreme Court can so read ily disregard established judicial decisions of long stand ing and base its decisions on books, pamphlets, hypotheses, giving all this extraneous stuff the force of law, surely then the moment is opportune for a fresh study of the founda tions of our American Constitutional government, with its checks and balances and its distribution of powers so that national development need not be brought about by an en croachment on the prerogatives of the States. The case at bar is not exclusively a racial question, but the far broader consideration of the proper distribution of powers. FOUR IMPORTANT REASONS By Allen Wishert U NDER the'scorching heat of a western mid-day sun, Dan Kel ler rode' into the almost ghost town of Wrangler. The scent of water coming from the stock drinking trough quickened the lag ging steps of his pony; burying its head eyes deep while satisfy ing several hours of torturing thirst Dan threw a leg over the sad- dle-horn and took a look-see of his surroundings; a dusty, sweltering street a half starved dog reeling toward the trough, a couple of cow ponies, heads drooping, tied to the hitch-rail in front of the Buck Horn saloon. Not one human in sight unpainted, decaying build ings lining the street “Limbo,’* said Dan. directing his remark to his pony. “Looks as If we’ve landed right in the mid dle of your namesake. If ever there was a Limbo on earth, we've ridden smack-dab into it" Limbo whinnied in agreement The two sagging horses at the hitch-rail didn’t so much as switch a taiL Hearing hoof beats, Dan swiveled in his saddle and saw a buckboard approaching, in the spring seat sat a girl. The sprinting pintos rushed for the watering trough, and like Limbo, dived their heads deep. The girl seemingly searching, glanced at Dan. •“Howdy Miss,” he said. Lifting his hat “How do you do?" she replied. Her smile wasn't what Dan would call heart-warming, it was unfeel ing. hard-like. “I wonder if you’re the man?” “Well,” said Dan. *Tve taken chances before, so, if you want me to be whoever he is, Til ride along with it” “Are you Denial Keller, our new foreman?” “If your father's name is Met- calf, I am.” “It is. I am Katie Metcalf, you're to come with me. Father received your letter telling him you would be in Wrangler today. He sent me for you.*' “Mighty thoughtful." replied Dan. “It’s eight miles to the ranch,’’ she continued. “Your pony looks weary, tie him to the end gate and you may ride here beside me.’’ Nothing eventful occured on the trip, however, Dan learned that Katie Metcalf was a much spoiled girL Dan Keller was a capable fore man and had the outfit running smoothly. Katie at every oppor tunity threw herself in his path, and found herself in love with the handsome brute. Dan's attentions were merely cordial, nothing more. She became provoked, every man on the range had, practically, thrown themselves at her feet She led them on, deriving pleasure in dropping them like a red-hot branding iron. Now, metaphorical ly, the shoe was on the other foot; Dan Keller was holding the brand ing iron and his unconcerned at titude intrigued her, she vowed to win his love, or know the reason why. Several days later, not having made any progress in her selfish desire, she had a heart-to-heart talk with her father; boldly told him of her love for his foreman, and confessed that Dan was at tentive, but not enough to cause a girl to hope. “Katie,” said her dad, who had never denied her a wish, glanced far out over the barren prairie. He knew this situation was beyond his effort or controL “My child. I am afraid this time you’re bark in’ up the wrong tree.’’ “Always I have managed to get what I wanted, the prevailing in cident is no exception. I do not know of one reason why I cannot have him.” "Maybe hot one,” grinned old man Metcalf. “However, I car name four.” “Very well, name them and FI overcome them. Just what are thi four reasons?" “His wife and three kids.** \ S THE second seas Urn of the IMth Congress convenes, prob ably the paramount issue to be solved is the pbyht of the Amer ican farmer, which includes about 23 million people deriving their in come hum agriculture. The income of these people has dropped horn about g% to about i.% of the total national income. Often the argument is used to day that this income drop is leas dangerous to the nation’* whole economy than it was, say in 1339, because the term population has dropped from about one-fourth to about one-seventh of our total pop ulation. The |eot is however, that In 1954 farm spending for the bus iness of farming was T.I15 of our total national spending, about th% sama proportion aa it waa in 1180 despite the tremendous drop in farm population. And farm spend ing tor capital goods, that ia for dwellings, farm buildings, cars, trucks, machinery and equipment was 8.1% of tha national total spent for capital goods, aa com pared to 6.6% of the national total for such goods In 1989. Farmers buy a considerable por tion of their hard goods and moat of their soft goods from smell mer chants in their home communitiee. How these small firms are hurt by the spread between low farm prices and high consumer retail prices ia indicated by the statistics which show that corporations with assets of more then 100 million dollars showed increased net incomes aft er taxes from 6.1 billion dollars in 1952 to 7.4 billions in 1954. Dur ing the seme period small firms With assets between one-quarter million and a million dollars showed a steady decline from 479 million m 1933 to less then A0U mil lion iloUai'S in 1934. Much of this debate over the steady decline In farm income will binge over the question of sur pluses held by the Commodity Credit Corporation These sur pluses today are valued at about $7 billions, according to the De partment of Agriculture, although this is not wholly correct, since about $8.1 billion represents loans to farmers, much of which may be repaid. The farm surplus is represented aa farm output which exceeds de mand. Actually, tha more correct representation would be output which exceeds ability to buy. So aa a matter of fact farm aurpluaaa redact under-consumption and not over-production, for millions of people, not only in this country, but throughout the world, are hun gry and need this food. la this surplus dangerous to out economy end la It coating too much, will be one of the questions the Congress must answsr. One means of measuring surplus ia tha extant by which annual farm pro duction in any given year exceeds domestic consumption, phis ax- port consumption. For the eight years from 1947 through 1954 the average annual “surplus” of all farm products lumped together has been about 1.6% of annual pro duction. In recent years. 1958 through 1954 this surplus has been about 3%. with a high of 4.2% in 1953 and a low of 2.1% in 1954. Major industries, even in times of high prosperity, regard as desir able a gap of 5 to 10% between their productive capacity and their actual production. Q—1 am a Korean veteran and have $10,066 In Insurance with a pri vate firm. Will this bar me from getting Gl Insurance? A—No. Insurance held with a private company has no bearing on amount of GI insurance you can get A veteran may get up to $10,00$ t tn Korean GI term insurance, minus only whatever other forma of GI insurance he might have. Q—I bought a house with my GI lean a few years ago. My family has grown since. My wife le a veteran toe. Would she he entitled to nee her GI loan benefit to buy a larger house? A—Yes. The fact you used your GI loan benefit would not deny your wife the right to use hers. 0—Can you toll ma how much of a drop there has been in hog prices? Is overproduction the cause of the price drop? A—As of mid-December top price for hogs in Chicago was 612.25 a hun dred. A year ago the price was $28.75. Estimated pork production for 1955 ia 10.9 billion pounds. It was 9.9 billion pounds in 1954; 10.1 in 1953; 11.5 billion in both 1952 and 1951 and 10.7 billion in 1950. Q—What Is the status of the Hells Canyon Dam? A—The National Hells Canyon Association has filed an appeal brief from the ruling of the Federal Power Commission, in the Federal District Court here in Washington. The FPC ruling gave the Idaho Power Co. authority to construct two small dams, instead of one high dam as proposed first by the Interior Department, and later repudiated by Interior Secretary Douglas McKay. CROSSWORD PUZZLE PUZZUB N*. S7S ACROSS ird tek ota ting lece Ind of nawl apanese yielding lucho eatment He rait between ew York and taten-Island hinga In w he guma line ooka at fore- lara laces ■ it stands nufl.) orker who its on ends _ ! of r ture i lu cnarl- 94 56 58 01 03 Abound Fastens Kind of (pi.) Tu pastry 72 T3 77 73 80 Jiirmerlc Grape Juice evaporated to syrupy consistency 00 Business transaction 68 Tortoise 69 Withered 71 .. .Fall, Irish crowning ■tone lUkworm express dis approval 78 In music: high \ Years old Norse god dess of heal- SU. French plural urtlele SI Signifying maiden name 62 Trapped DOWN X Measure of capacity 2 Ribbons i Bone ibpw lagle™ neats Japanese statesman 0 Regulations awesttter IS State of dis order IS Stop momen tarily 18 Estimates 23 Consumed 20 Close securely 27 Cruise 30 Unruly out break 32 Domestic 34 Form of “to be” 30 Rabid 37 Shore bird 32 Place of trade 41 Period 42 Native metal 44 Malay dagger 46 Thoroughfare 48 Small Juicy fruit (pi.) countered 81 4eav« S3 Chur— nitary 00 Encoui 07 Inc real __ velocity 08 Followed 60 62 l^iang) Narrow pertaining to European mountains Inct ism 04 Incendiar ism 66 Duck 67 Incite 68 A Great Lake 70 Heating vessel 74 Native metal 78 Land measure THURSbAY. JANUARY 12. IQ56 Frum the W*rr*«i Kw'iml. W»r- rental*. North Carolina i Wo wtwro MKkotl a taw day* ago why wo cUdn*i write an editorial jump ing on tho Highway Patrol and other ameers to stop speeding on our highways. We told the friend that the reason that speeding has not been stopped was because our people don’t want It stopped. Furthermore, one will find a large number of people, who la spite of statistics and reason to the contrary, still Insist that speed ing to not the main cause of the shameful slaughter on our high ways. Thst people don't want speeding stepped, largely because It will stop their own speeding, to borne out by the lech of cooperation members of the Highway Patrol receive from the genera] public. This to not only borne out by the fight made to tho lest General As sembly upon the whammy end the difficulty of obtaining convictions in the cou>t, but by the general attitude ofljthe public regarding the whammy, one of the Highway Patrol's most effective weapons. It to not unusual to meet ears and trucks on our teeming highways with blinking lights, sometimes sounding horns, warning motor ists thst s highway patrol ear or whammy ia around the next comer or over the next htU, If this does not show m sympathy tar speed ers and » lack of understanding of the dangers of high speed, we hardly know what would show it. We will admit that a modem car, racing at 70 miles an hour may be under better control than was the old Model T at 40. but this does not remove the fact that such car colliding with another running at 50, within the speed limit, has a total impact of 180 miles an hour, and that when two. tons of steel collide st 180 miles an hour the Impact to something terrific. Unfortunately such head- on collisions ore not too rare. Few people stop to think thst on automobile traveling st 60 miles an hour to going at the rate of 66 feet s second. No reaction to fast enough to suddenly check this speed, and If it were th« momentum would cause abrious injury to tha passengers. Cats, dogs, o'potsums and hens dally meet ihelr death on highways because they dash Into the path of motorists who unwill ingly kill them. Usually the motor ist knows s second or more before he strikes such animal or fowl that he is going to do so. but to powerless to prevent the collision. The same would hold true shoutr! a child dart into the highway, ,> should other emergency arise. — AUTHOtt Of "HOW TO STOP WORRYING AND START L1V L AWRENCE BRATTON, whose address I have been asked to withhold. * says thst there came e time in his life when everything seemed to happen for the worst First his baby son drew hie last breath. A month later, his wife said she wanted a divorce, and left within the week. When his wile left this automatically severed the friendships he had formed with other married couples, and he felt completely alone, 500 miles from his home town. 700 miles from where he had lived before coming to the present home seven years before. Fear, worry and self condemnation? He lived with those enemies for all of one winter. He was even afraid of the wind howling in the weather stripping. He couldn’t sleep at night; phenobarbital became a part of his diet by day and sodium smytal by night Twenty-four hours a day be asked himself what could he have done to save the baby who had gone on. He turned night into day in order to occupy the long winter evenings by being transferred to the night shift he started building H O gage model railroad cars, sometimes tag eight consecutive hours assembling and painting a modern railroad. Nature too came through with a blessing in disguise. Snowfall that: winter broke all records. So he not only shovelled the driveway but also 100 feet up the street to toe top of the hill, and on weekends wore himself out physically on the .end of a shovel. AH this physical effort helped to put him to condition, and to the spring he met a lovely and loyal lady whom he later married. TRiey now have two boys, one aged two years and the other one month, and his worry is behind him. HANDY FILLER . . < One farmer solved the problem ef e*M»g gaa tanks in the field by monnttag a tank on pMrtrap as shewn above. Salvaged hose and nossle saves climbing np ea track mUI makes fining tanks easy. This an # That John (Bonus) Wagner, the all- time great shortstop, played more games than any other National Leaguer In history—8,785—-and had the most times at bat—10,487. He made the most total hits—the most one base hits—the most doubles— and the most triples. He also held | another record, the most base stolen In a world series—six. t addition, he was one of the first players elected to the baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, N. Y„ and the first National Leaguer to receive that honor ... The average age of- a rookie In major leagne baseball Is 83.6 years and the aver age player stays to the majors from five to six years. Average salary of a major leaguer Id $18,000, al though the great stars often earn np to the maximum of $166,000. The hunttag oddity for the 1955 sea son took place near Ann Arbor, Michigan, when n haater took n shot nt what he thonght to be n PIN CHAMP . . . 88, wen Chicago’s All Star bowl ing contest with 364.80 Petsraon and 18,166 plan lor H average ef 861. petals and 13,182