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PAGE TWO THE NEWBERRY SUN THURSDAY, SEPT. 30, 1954 1218 College Street NEWBERRY. S. C. PUBLISHED.EVERY THURSDAY 0. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner Entered as second-class matter December 6, 1937 at the Postoffice at Newberry, South Carolina, under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad vance; six months, $1.25. Says REA Costs Nothing Spectator, who writes a column appearing here each week, had something to say last week about REA. In his state ment he said, “I read recently that a total of eighty million dollars has been lost to the Nation through certain expenses of various kinds.” We can’t say just what expenses he had reference to, but a call from Hugh Epting, manager of the local electric co operative assured us REA had cost the nation nothing. Mr. Epting gave figures to prove that money borrowed from the Rural Electrification Authority is costing the tax payers nothing, and money borrowed from REA is being re paid with interest. As we said, we don’t know just exactly how REA has cost the nation this estimated 80 million dollars, but we suspect that loss to the state and federal government in taxes was what Spectator had in mind. Support The Indians Saturday night the Newberry College Indians will be look ing for their secc*nd win of the season against a reported strong Lenoir-Rhyne team at Setzler Field here Saturday evening. The Indians chalked up a fine record during the 1953 sea son, and prospects for this year are even better. Of course teamwork is the key to success and under the capable lead ership of Harvey Kirkland and his staff, that spirit is evi dent in the new Redskin organization. But getting more to the point, local support adds greatly to the spirit and morale of any team and helps create the will to win. So plan now to be in the stands Saturday night and let them know we’re pulling for them all the way. COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS By SPECTATOR U. S. Scorecard In U., N. * % A study by Henry Elmer Barnes tells us: “After eight years of the United Nations—-here is a little of the record as far as it affects the United States; with a total popula tion of between 155 and 160 million people—and we are but one of the member nations of the United Nations—we are committed to the defense of forty-one countries;—bound by treaty or military occupation to defend by force of arms a foreign population of over 560 millions. Stated another / way—the United States, charged with the normal obliga tion of defending our own territorial boundaries and terri torial possessions, is, in addition, also committed to the de fense of more than 45 percent of the inhabited area of the world! Through military missions and bases the United States is also involved indirectly in the defense of nine additional nations, constituting another population of foreigners of over 170 million. Among those countries may be counted Communist Yugoslavia. There are more than a hundred United States air bases throughout the world, located in the territories of colonies of ten nations. Under the t6rms of the Rio Pact, signed September 2, 1947, the United States has treaty commitments with Argen tina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, ^Colombia, Costa Rico, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatamala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Eleven countries are involved in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, signed April 3, 1949. These nations are Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Ice land, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, and Portu gal. ' United States Military Missions are in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatamala, Liberia, Iran, Turkey, Formosa, Indonesia, Indochina, Korea and Thailand. The United States has established air bases in the Azores (Portugal), Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Great Britain, France, Germany, Libya, Saudi Arabia Philippines, and Japan. We have occupation forces in Germany and Austria and naval patrols for Formosa and Korea. A And all of this—remember—is the score card for the United States as a member of the United Nations! Truman spent $191,081,394,191 in less than five years in the furtherance of this program for Empire—more than the combined expenditures of the administrations from President Washington to and including Roosevelt;—and Roosevelt, as you know, had outspent the combined expenditures of the administrations that had preceded him. There is no indication that the Eisenhower administra tion is deviating, or is inclined to deviate, from the foreign policies of Roosevelt or Truman.” I think the nations need a forum for open discussion of world affairs and world problems, but I think the present organization, known as the United Nations, is a mischief- DISTRACTING COMPETITION making affair and likely to involve our nation in all the trials, tribulations, ‘misfortunes, calamities, ambitions, and aspirations of the whole world. I think we should move to reorganize, re-constitute the United Nations so that it may be a common ground of meeting for all nations, for discus sion, only, and without obligation. Charleston Sales Tops Charleston, South Carolina, looms large in the September Monthly Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. Discussing the development of suburban business, or the trend toward the locating of enterprises in the suburbs, the Review says: “For the most part, the areas with the greatest popula tion gains from 1940 to 1950 had also the fastest growing markets in the period 1939-48. Norfolk-Portsmouth had the largest population increase, 139%, and the second largest gain in retail sales, 567 %. The Maryland and Virginia ring areas of the District of Columbia increased 115% in popu lation and 389% in sajes; Charleston, South Carolina, 90% and 574%—the latter the largest gain in the District—Dur ham 51% and 468% ; and Baltimore 73% and 311%.” Something From Death Valley I went to Death Valley, California and visited Scotty’s fabulous castle out in the desert. So I read with special in terest a newsy account of new uses for borax, this interesting story coming from Death Valley. “Often found in nature combined with sodium boron in the form of borax, in one form or another, is doing siwh things as making a washable paint for wallboard practically fireproof. It’s keeping citrus fruit fresh, making glass fibre more pliant and checking the corrosive effect of antifreeze in auto radiators. About 90% of the world’s production of white, crystalline borax comes from the rugged, desert country northeast of Los Angeles, which includes Death Valley. For decades borax has been familiar in such household staples as eyewash, tooth powder and soap, while industry has used it in making glass, enamels and glue and in refining metals. Now this ancient material, used by Oriental silver smiths a thousand years ago to help fuse their metal, is carving out a broadening economic niche. Just a few months ago one of the two leading borax pro ducers, introduced its Borotherm, a white powder derived from boron that’s mixed into paints and helps guard wall- board against fire. So far four building-materials manu factures, have bought Borotherm mainly for experimental use at the moment, and negotiations are under* way with others. The glass fibre, antifreeze and citrus aids have all bowed in within the past few years. In glass fibre and antifreeze, as in paint, borax derivatives are simply blended in during manufacture. Citrus packers yash their oranges, lemons and grapefruit in a borax solution to prevent blue mold decay, which used to ruin as much as one-third cf a shipment. Other farm uses are growing fast, borax people say. The largest producer and a sponsor of research projects at agricultural colleges, claims its fertilizers, in addition to improving the yield and quality of apples, can double the per- acre yield of alfalfa. Some plant foods contain borax to eliminate diseases in sugar beets and tobacco that are caused by boron deficiencies in the soil. Tn steel alloys, tiny quantities of ,boron help harden the metal and permit lower heat and shorter time for temper ing. Though use of boron in steel sank back to 35,000 pounds in 1953 from 49,000 the year before, that, was still well above the 30,000 pounds of 1951. Only a few-thou- sandths of 1% of. each ton of. this steel is boron. Borax is making significant inroads into the market for carbide abrasives, carbon compounds that are made in electric furnaces and are widely used in grinding wheels, hones and the like. Boron carbide is the hardest known i . ^ . substance next to the diamond, and that, of course, makes it a formidable cutter and grinder.” And now they are using borax with gasoline in order to give greater-mileage. «wi When something so useful may be found in Death Valley, we may hope for great discoveries in our swamps and sand hills. -s. New Ice Cream Substitute. “A frozen. dessert based, like margarine, on inexpensive vegetable oils instead of costly butterfat,. is making its ap pearance on more and more dessert plates. On many of them, MOSS S ELF employed farmers, or farm owners, and many hired farm workers are brought under the provisions of the Social Se curity Act for the first time as a result of /extensions in the Act passed by the 83rd Congress. So beginning January 1, 1955, all farm op( rators who make as much as $400 profit in a year will have old age and survivors insur ance protection. Up to this time only farm workers who work reg ularly for one farm operator have been covered. The new act now brings old age and survivors in surance protection to all farm workers who earn as much as $100 cash pay in a year from any one farmer, whether the work is regular or not. Cotton gin work ers also will be covered beginning January 1, 1955, under the same rules that apply to people who work on the land. Here is how benefits will work for old age and survivors insur ance: For an average monthly wage of $45, the workers monthly bene fit will be'$30; for a worker and his wife, $45; if the breadwinner dies, his widow will get $30; widow and one child, $45; widow and two children, $50.20. These benefits increase up to a maximum monthly wage of $350, for which the worker would get monthly benefits of $108.50; work er and wife, $162.80; if breadwin ner dies, the widow would get $81.40; widow and one child, $162.80; widow and two children, $200.00. Commencing in 1955 a person under 72 years of age and entitled to benefits can earn as much as $1,200 a year and still receive his payments. After 72 years, pay ments will be made regardless of amount of earnings. Retirement age is 65 years or later. Gener ally speaking persons who come under social security for the first time in 1955 can become insured for benefits after they have earned security credits for a year and a half. The tax for employees is two per cent of their pay and this amount is^ matched by the em ployer. This means that covered farm workers will have two per cent of their salary deducted for social security. The other two per cent paid by the employer is sent to the Director of Internal Revenue, along with a list show ing wages and social security ac count number of each employee. The tax for the farm owner, or operator is three per cent of their earnings. They pay this once each year along with their income tax. The tax for both worker and em ployer is paid only on first $4,200 of wages. For those coming under social security for the first time, the first and most important • step to take is to obtain a social se curity card from the nearest so cial security office. Self employed farmers do not pay tax on 1954 earnings. Early v in 1956 you make a social security report of your 1955 earnings and pay the tax on them. This report is >part »of your income tax return. The amount reported is on net earnings or profit, after subtract ing all farm expenses from total receipts. For farm workers—if you earn $75 from one farmer and $75 from another this would not count to ward social security. You must earn at least $100 from one em ployer to have your wages count. So if you earn $100 from one, and $175 from another and so on, these wages would count toward your social security benefits idnos from othT •dltom. From the Seville Chronicle, Se ville, Ohio: Saturday afternoon was pretty dull downtown, and oldtimers were threatening to get out the depression checkerboards. Fact is. people seemed to be shopping out of town. One place we were led out to the street to see all the expensive two-hour parking signs surrounded by no potential violators. The general consensus was that the give-away programs and car nival atmosphere of the shopping centers were attracting a lot of people who don’t want that sort of thing in Seville. One merchant thought we ought to haVe something here to enter tain any chance shoppers who drifted into Seville an out door movie or something. We said Seville was too pretty a town to clutter up with tiff raff for a movie, so the merchants said they’d settle tor a well-ad vertised lynching. Now we know how a local mer chant is asked to, and who gives, to all things that make a com munity a good place to live, feels when people Ignore solid home values to pursue a will-o-wisp. We feel the same way when we see local merchants advertising in out - of - town throw • aways and handbills, which contribute noth ing to the community in service or taxes And we know that price and value isn’t as big a factor as novelty. So we came back to the office feeling depressed—ready to sell out to “interests." We aren’t sure what ‘interests’ are, but they are what poor but honest newspaper men sell out to in the books we read, (pronounced reed) Then, doggone it, customers started to come in. There were three in a row, and we must have taken in almost a dollar alto gether! And right away we brightened up end reached a remarkable con clusion. It isn’t altogether the money loss that hurts a man when his neighbors go down those crowd ed. dangerous highways to con tribute to some other school dis trict’s tax dollar. No sir! Part of it la sheer lonesomeness. From the Lincoln Times, Lto- oolnton. North Carolina: Who can remember the “old fashioned days” when Lin cointon had com fortable benches located in some of the city’s shaded uptown (Court house. Main St., etc.) areas tor convenience of out-of-town shop pers and visitors. How about re storing this custom? We certainly think the benches would be for the benefit of the merchants. Mind you. we’re not referring to benches for the so-called “town loafers'* —but. for visitors. m melon Q—Are members of Congress entitled to retirement or annuity nmjf A—Yes. Under the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1930 any member of Congress who has served six years or more may be eligible to retirement pay after the age 02 if he has paid into the retirement fund at least 0% of his annual salary for the five years previous to his retirement. The maximum is 75% of his last salary. RNEG ★ AUTHOR OF ;; H0W TO STOP WORRYING AND START LIVING” D URING the summer of 1945 William Mourey, Thorold, Ontario. Can ada, started in, the lumber business in Northwestern Quebec. For several months the going was difficult, but as time went on business im proved, and within a year he was doing very well. He was also fortu nate in speculating in mining ventures that appreciated considerably on the stock market and gave him a good profit. The business was doing very well, and the combined returns gave him a comparatively large fortune, so that he was able to purchase a summer home on a private is land, a speed boat, an expensive car and all the trimmings that go with a successful business. Three years after enjoying prosperity, he start ed having reverses. Bush fires destroyed the timber limits which cut off the raw material supply, the cost of manufacturing was rising in every depart ment, and vrith government controls to hamper him h'e was unable to increase the price of the manufactured article. The results that followed were disastrous, and within a short tirtie he was unable to meet his obligations, and the Sheriff was a frequent visitor. His mining interests followed the same pattern and his entire hold ings crumpled like a pack of cards. He was forced to seek 1 employ ment and he found it difficult to get adjusted to having to work fpi someone else. ' < After a trying period he finally made up his mind to forget the past, and to do the best he could day by day. Soon he found himself en joying life, and feeling better than he ever had. Q—When a bill passed by Congress authorizes appropriations for sftoli sss ant bill, does that mean toe appropriation is actually made? A—No. Actual appropriation for any authorized expense of any bfij' /, must be made in, an appropriation bill. Many bills authorize ap propriations for which such appropriation is never made. CARNEGIE Q—Can a member of toe congress change his vote onee east on any a given bill? Ml A—After a member votes •and it is so recorded and announced, he cannpt change except by unanimous consent of the body. Q—What is toe essential difference between the operation of our Demo cratic form of Government and that of England? A. In England all power is vested in the parliament and the have only such rights as are delegated to them by the parliam In the USA all power is vested in the people through thO sovereign states and the Federal government has only such rights and pow ers as are relinquished by the people and/or the sovereign states (Coarrirkl ISM. C«ncresKl*n»i Onarterlr* ' • t ■ — ■ ■ ■■ !■ 11 ■ I ■■LI ■■II. ■■■II ■■■ l.l —Ml —I ■Hill —WO—OWmW ’ mm L WEEKLY CROSSWORD PUZZLE Rodent HORIZONTAL 1 Depicted rodent of it’s taking the place of ice cream. This product is known in many places as imitation ice cream. Compared with the natural article, the best-quality ‘syn thetic’ is almost indistinguishable in taste, though the con sistency is sometimes slightly different. The vegetable-oil dessert can now be had in 10 states in the Southwest, Midwest and Far West. That’s half a dozen more than were making it only two years ago. It has spread to such foreign lands as Argentina and Panama. Right now a legal battle is being waged over its introduction in Louisi ana, and its sponsors are aiming to put it into still more states. v During 1953 alone the number of plants producing the ice-cream rival jumped from 347 to 559. Last year’s outpour ing of over 22 million gallons was more than double that of the year before. The prominent backers of this in Louisiana and elsewhere include ,the National Cotton Council, the principal cotton- trade group. The reason is simple; Last year cottonseed oil accounted for 45% of all the fats used in the vegetable-oil dessert, more than any other material. So the cotton men are harping on the point that acceptance of Mellorine would aid cotton growers in Louisiana, the seventh ranking cotton state last year. Soybean oil ranked second last year as a fat contributor to the ice‘cream rival. It took 34% of the total, with the rest made up of coconut oil, corn oil, peanut oil and the like. Hence the American Soybean Association, a group of growers and others, is another Mellorine pro moter. Whichever vegetable oil is used, it’s far cheaper than butterfat. A typical vegetable fat ready for use costs 22 cents a pound, against 70 cents for butterfat. The nutritional value of the vegetable-oil dessert is about equal to that of ice-cream, the producers say, when it contains a similar amount of fat and when it’s properly fortified with Vitamin A. Some states are requiring addition of the same amount of Vitamin A as used in margarine. Aside from the fats, the ingredients of the two products are the same. They in clude milk solids, flavors and sweeteners. 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