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PAGE TWO THE NEWBERRY SUN THURSDAY. JUNE 3. 1954 1218 Collegre Street NEWBERRY. S. C. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner Entered as second-class matter December 6, 1937 at the Postoffice at Newberry, South Carolina, under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad vance; six months, $1.25. COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS By SPECTATOR All In The Interpretation What are the powers lawfully exercised by the Supreme Court of the United States? It is helpful at times to read the Constitution in order to refresh our memory of the very foundations on which this Nation was built. If our forefathers were guided by ex perience they had in mind the judicial authority as it was exercised in England. In England the Courts have no authority to invalidate a statute. Nor was any such authority conferred on our American courts by the Constitution. Chief Justice John Marshall assumed, or took, that power and the Court has continued to assume it. The Constitution established the Supreme Court. Speak ing of the Federal Courts—all of them—the Constitution says: “The judicial power . . . shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ... to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. In all cases . ... in which a State shall be a party the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction; In all other cases before mentioned, tKe Supreme Court shall have ap pellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex ceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make/’ You observe that the Federal judicial power was limited; it might be invoked by citizens of a State against a foreign Nation or the subjects of a foreign Nation. The Segrega tion issue grew out of a challenge by citizens of South Caro lina against their own State. If we apply the Constitution strictly how did the Federal Courts acquire jurisdiction? Article 1, Section 10 prohibits the States from certain functions and they are set forth in detail, such as making treaties, coining money, passing bills of attainder, expost facto laws, or laws impairing the obligation of contracts. Remember that the States were completely Sovereign and independent. They were recognized separately as indepen dent States or Nations by the King of England. They volun tarily prepared and adopted the Constitution, so that the Nation is the creature of the States. My point in emphasiz ing that is that it is a cardinal principle of legal interpreta tion that a writing or agreement by a person limiting his own power must be strictly constructed. You find here no authority to invalidate an act of Con gress, nor any prerogative to deal with the States, except as mentioned. How, then, did the Federal Courts acquire the political powers they exercise ? They took them and we acquiesced. True enough, there was a Civil War of four bloody years, but the Civil War didn’t amend the Constitution! The fourteenth Amendment was frankly a political de vice and was virtually so construed and applied by the Court itself for fifty years after the Civil War. When the Constitution was first put into force, in the very beginning of the new republic, ten amendments were quickly adopted, in order to re-assure the States, since there was a feeling that the rights of the States should be set forth so clearly as to be beyond dispute or challenge. Articles 9 and 10 tell us: “The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others, retained by the people.” Clearly the people and their States had all the powers they did not confer on the Nation. But to be even more definite, and specific. Article 10 says: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” x All the recent trouble stems from that part of the 14th. Amendment which says “No State shall . . . deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” That really meant equality before the Courts in ju dicial proceedings especially in police matters, such as the Courts might competently deal with, as is prescribed by the article conferring jurisdiction on Federal Courts in specified cases. When the Declaration of Independence says that all men are created equal it means that they are entitld to equality bfore the Courts; primarily for the protection of their bodies and their property. Recently I have declared frequently that our forefathers were so fearful of the arbitrary executives that they failed to plan against an arbitrary court. I repeat, that we are a Nation under law but that no one can know what the law is. The whim of a Court becomes the law of the land. It is a whim? I need not quote opinions of politicians, but FLY YOUR FLAG r Lets being TWfc FLAG BACK INTO TNt WOMB rr BELONGS. Letg display it as a PEVrttfODCR TO CUPS'ELVES of twe VALUES ooe s-ows AND DAU&MTEES HAVE DIED FOG.. Lets teach our children To GE/5ARD IT AS a SYMBOL, NOT MERELY OF WHAT WE AGE AS A KlATlON, Bor WHAT WE HOPE. To BECOME — One KIatvon Indivisible, WITH LI0>LRTV AND JUSTICE for all ^ I may rest my contention on a recent address by Donald Richbourg, before the lawyers, speaking of laws made by the Court. But a lawyer of great eminence—John W. Davis, remembered as a notable Solicitor General of the United States, does not agree with the court. Then comes our Governor, James F. Byrnes, once a justice of the Supreme Court, is “shocked” by the decision. So who knows the law? Demand Is Ever-Increasing Figures don’t mean the same to all people. When men talk about land values and the prices of farm commodities I can go along, at least part of the way. I don’t fully grasp some figures recently used by The South Carolina Electric & Gas Co. For example, last year that Company sold about one and a half billion kilowatt hours, more in fact than in any previous year. That is not within my “ken”—I don’t grasp it. Do you ? I get nearer home when I read that the average residential customer used 3,142 kilowatt hours during 1953. I can understand that this was 9 per cent more than in 1952. Of course new fans, larger and better fans; air conditioning units, home freezers, more lights—all these things are clearsenough. But that billion and a half kilowatt hours is beyond me. It makes me think of the alleged pos sible speed of my car—110 miles an hour; I’ll never try to prove it. The article says that the average price of 2.59 cents was below the National average, the average for the Nation being 2.74. Well, its strengthening to the spirit to know that some thing is cheap. Sam Wiemer, my serious-minded and capable informant, says that That Company paid in taxes last year $5,477,512. Did you know that any concern in South Carolina paid that much in taxes? It is an eye-opener, isn’t it? Years ago a small rail road running through Clarendon County paid six thousand dollars in taxes. After talking about that five and a half million, six thousand may seem! like chicken feed. But I recall two flourishing communities, with excellent schools, largely supported by the taxes from that little rail road. Alas! the rail road is no more; and the schools are no more; and the communities are not what they used to be!! Like the story of the old gray mare, isn’t it? American Worker Better Equipped Behold our great Country: “Rapid growth of population in itself does not assure pro gress. In countries such as China and India, the expan sion of the population spells overcrowding starvation and misery. But in our country the expanding wants of the people have been met by tremendous productivity. While this may be attributed to many factors, the predominant one is that the American workman, compared with other workers, is far better equipped with power-driven tools. The amount of electric power produced in this country is more than thirty times the amount of human power, where as a century ago human power was two and a half times as great as machine power. Since this country produces 42 percent! of the world’s electricity, the average American has ten times more mechanical power than the average worker in the rest of the world, and our standards of living are correspond ingly higher. Since the end of World War II, more than $22 billion has been invested by American industry in plant and equipment. , Approximately three fourths of all current outlays for equipment are for replacement of worn-out facilities rather than for expansion of capacity. The primary reason for this huge investment is to bring about lower costs. Including fringe benefits, the average cost of an hour’s factory labor, generally, is more than 165 percent above 1939, while it is estimated that the average price of equipment has advanced only about one half as much. Hence, emphasis is being placed on labor-saving devices, in preparation for the rugged compe tition that lies ahead. This should benefit the workers since increased mechanization will call for new skills, with the consequent upgrading of labor, and also provide new job op portunities. Quality Photo Finishing . Quality is still our first consideration. Although our photo finishing business has grown tremendously, we still give in dividual attention to every print we make. Bring us your next pictures for developing. We*re sure you'll be pleased with the results. And, too, we’re always glad to offer helpful suggestions in picture taking. NICHOLS STUDIO Fluoridation. Another Look If I had read your editorial. “For Fluoridation. Another Test.” two years ago I would have said very good and more power to you. How ever, in the past two years after further study of the matter. I am very much against fluoridation. Other men have changed their minds also. Dr. Ross Fringle, a Greensboro dentist who voted for fluoridation in 1952. is now open ly opposed to it. Dr. A. D. Miller. Representative from Nebraska since 1942 and 1939 President of the Nebraska State Medical So ciety, was for fluoridation. In fact, lie introduced a measure to permit fluoridation of Washington’s water supply. Being a member of a Special Congressional Committee on chemicals in foods, he was pre sent at hearings on fluoridation of water in March 1952. After the hearings lie felt that adding fluorides to drinking water in the proportion one part per million will prevent some cavities in chil dren. However, he also said that these experts did not know what effect fluorides might have upon the acutely or chronically ill child or upon the older group who might he chronically ill, and that it is unthinkable that the Public Health Service should recommend uni versal medication of water for everyone until all the facts about the effects upon the ill are known. I believe as Dr. Miller that Pub- t lie Health jumped the gun on fluoridation. Arso in another recent instance they wanted to put DDT around dairy barns as an insecti cide. It proved hazardous. Among other things it found its way into milk in unhealthy amounts. Public Health officials didn't openly ad mit this was a mistake, but just hacked off. Every authority agrees that fluorides are highly toxic when taken in excess. Dr. Jonathan For man. prominent Columbus, Ohio physician, stated in “The Land,” Spring 1953 issue many of the ef fects of overdosage. Some of these are dental fluorosis, calcified tendons and ligaments, arthritis, brittle bones, anemic, alteration in growth and weight, dysmenorrhea, lowered birth rate, liver and kid ney damage. Experiments at the University of Texas associate fluoridation with cancer. The university of New Mexico has run many tests show ing other harmful effects including increased dental decay in adult life. I was just like a sheep follow ing the herd before I studied both sides of this issue. If, perhaps, you and many others could become familiar v/ith these studies, you would change your opinion as well as your future health. J. B. HENSON, JR., M.D. Greensboro. ' | "'HE Department of Health, Edu- cation and Welfare celebrated its first birthday as a full-blown cabinet department in April, but it administers some very old pro grams—the Public Health Service, for instance, had its start in 1798. The past year has seen a thorough revigw in HEW of the procedures under which these programs are carried out, and Secretary Oveta Culp Hobby has asked Co gress for authority to make important changes in the means by which grants in aid for a variety of pur poses are made to the states. At present, the Public Health Service makes six separate grants to state health authorities, convey ing earmarked funds to be used for general health, tuberculosis con trol, veneral disease control, mental health, cancer control and com municable disease control. Money given for one of these purposes cannot be used for another. HEW claims that this earmark ing introduces rigidity into state health plans, keeps available dol lars from going as far as they would if state health authorities had more freedom in use of the funds. Authority was requested to make a unified public health grant to the states, to be allocated at their discretion- HEW’s new grants-in-aid seem likely to be unified, with funds sup plied as: Support grants, to help maintain basic services, given on the basis of financial need; exten sion and improvement grants, given on the basis of population; and special project grants, given on the basis of unusual problems and opportunities. The one exception probably will be grants for mental health. Mem bers of Congress and a number of state officials believe that lumping these with other funds will cause mental hygiene programs to be sub merged in other health activities. Lobby groups which do not of ten see eye to eye on national is sues' joined forces to shoot holes in the Eisenhower Administration pro posal for a health insurance pro gram. The National "Chamber of Com merce and American Medical As sociation, which have locked horns in the past, joined other groups in voicing opposition the bill drawn up by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and intro duced into both houses of Congress. HEW Secretary Hobby said the legislation would: Establish a rein surance fund to stimulate insurance carriers to broaden benefits and service; authorize $25 million to re insure “abnormal losses,” the fund meeting 75 per cent of losses, the carriers the remainder, among other things. Said the AMA “The bill will rot fill its intended purpose and may in fact inhibit satisfactory progress which is now being made by voluntary insurance companies ’’ Said the Chamber of Commerce: (It) would add nothing to the present rapidly expanding and suc cessful system (and might lead to) socialized medicine under a compulsory health insurance plan." WEEKLY CROSSWORD PUZZLE - - i Here’s the Answer 3 Wager 4 Rough lava 5 Makes lace edging 6 Greek god of war 7 Withered 8 Thus 9 Shade tree 10 Song bird 11 For fear that 13 Drone bee 17 Symbol for tellurium 20 Models of perfection HORIZONTAL 1,5 Depicted actress 12 Mountain nymph 14 Interstices 13 Deep hole 16 Musteline mammal 18 Written form of Mistress 19 Babylonian deity 20 Ironed 22 Knight (ab.) ; 23 Sun god 24 Type measure 21 Left 26 Homan road 23 Mend 28 Poorly filled 25 Swamp '• peanut pod 26 Information 31 Genus of water (slang) scorpions 32 Operatic solo 33 Banner 34 Polynesian chestnut 35 Hodgepodge 36 Former Russian ruler 37 Registered nurse (ab.) 38 Electrical unit 39 Pint (ab.) 41Disjoined 47 Hebrew letter 49 Exist 61 She appears on 52 Swiss river 53 Laconic 65 Sylvan demigod 57 Astral 66 Promontory VERTICAL 1 Stout cord 2 Assam _ iUkwerm ran no ran t^iraran raoram rararan : s 1 ”1 a jg 1 A A i ^*a [TGSSVil V83a WFIOO oraMcsiFirarauiPiPi^nR nnurrara nr-qum EH El irarann 27 Relate 29 Century plant fiber 30 French river 39 Moccasins 40 Horse’s gait 42 Wicked 43 Passport endorsement 44 Westphalian river 45 French island 46 Goddess of the dawn 47 Remunerates 48 Strays 50 Compass point | 52 Goddess of infatuation 54 Symbol for chlorine 56 Article i 2. i 4 _ 1 5 i 1 t r" to II IL nJ H 15 it n i 18 17 u P XL ■■■ 13 a * c — 2“ 1 r\ it 30 M • '5+ A it 35 31 3T“ 17 L “ *> P nr •id 1 u i 52. 51 tr ni 5b 1 \ t DaueCarnegk! ★ AUTHOR OF "HOW TO STOP WORRYING AND START LIVING'’ ★ npHE first business venture of W. A. Adams, 2101 Lily Court, Sanford, I Florida, was a contract for loading cars for a Growers Organiza tion. They loaded at twenty different stations over the County and he furnished the labor. Sometimes they ordered cars late and Mr. Adams, not knowing about the order would not have enough men to take care of the loads. Then he would get calls from all over the County. The Growers would be furious, not being able to unload. Then Mr. Adams would pick up the men needed and begin worrying and dreading the time to arrive at the station and the trouble. After a month of this, he realized that he would have to do something about it. Soon he learned that the Growers were not as angry as they acted and he stopped worrying. That lesson in not worrying came in handy two years later. He had married and was living in a house with a flat root One rainy night about twelve o’clock he and his wife were awakened by a terrific noise in the kitchen. It sounded as though someone had dropped the electric stove while trying to get it through the door. His wife almost choked as she whispered, “Do something.” Not having a gun for protection nor even a flashlight, he finally managed to ease out of bed and lock the bedroom door. He had just about quieted his wife when there was another terrible noise and he could even hear the kettle roll across the floor. Naturally he had another hard time quieting his wife and they spent the rest of the time until daylight waiting for someone to try to get into the bedroom. About dawn he unlocked the door and found a leaky roof had made all the plaster fall—most of »* on the stove. CARNEGIE From the Cedar Rapids Tribune, Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The villain or hero, according to the preconceived ideas of the audience was Sen. Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin . . At intervals, when he was not in terjecting a '‘point of order,” which usually amounted to a statement, or sweet-talking Secretary of the Army as “Now, Bob.” the cameras swung on McCarthy anyway, usu ally as Cohn was whispering in the Senator's ear On one occasion, to vary the plot, McCarthy left the room, followed by the cameras, and returned to announce that he had a mystery witness. This came near the end of one day’s show. It reminded soap opera addicts of other program closing announce ments: “Who is this mystery wit ness? What will McCarthy do next? Will the big bad wolf corner the lamb? Be sure to be with us again tomorrow for the latest chapter in this most thrilling of suspense dra mas featuring Sen. Joseph McCar thy and the United States Army.” From the Chiekasfaa Star, Chick- asha, Oklahoma: From this corner it appears that Private Schine knew all the right people to get his commission, unto they started biting at each other—and this is in deed a pity, because it would have cost we taxpayers only about $4,000 a year to put Schine in brass, while the big conflab ip Washington is costing about that much an hour. The pressure extended to get Pvt. Schine a fast commission Is typical of thousands of such cases during the past decade. It may be fortu nate that the deal backfired. May be something will be done about the whole stinking mess. It is bad. however, that the money being spent for this stupid investigation is not being used to further soil conservation programs, farm youth organizations, polio and cancer funds and any of the hun dreds of worth-while moves so bad ly needed in this country of ours. From the Sooth Pasadena Re view, South Pasadena, Calif.: The sessions have . . ^ shown how much time can be absorbed in the bick ering over the minutest points of substance and procedure. From a political standpoint, these hearings . . harm the Republican Party. It's a Republican senator and a Republican Secretary of De fense standing toe to toe and shout ing “liar” at each other. The bit terness which this investigation Is engendering will not be easily dis pelled. Division In the party could not come at a more unfortunate time—for the Republicans. Novem ber is but six months away. O—How would the President’s proposal for federal reinsurance of prft- rate voluntary health insurance increase my protection against medical debt? A -Although Mr. Eisenhower did not spell out details In his Jan. 18 message to Congress, Administration and Congressional sources have explained that a federal agency would insure private health- insurance systems against abnormal losses. The private plans would buy insurance from the government, which would help pay certain claims to individuals. Thus, advocates of the proposal hope, private insurance systems could offer broader coverage at lower rates without much risk of going broke. Q—Does the Mutual Defense,Treaty with the Republic of Korea obligate the U.8. to help South Korea If it starts a war to win back North Korea? which the U.S. later recognizes as legally brought under the Repul lie’s controL Although Secretary of State John Foster Dulles assure the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that the treaty require aid only against external aggression, the Senate attached a bon to pin the point down. Q—Are there any ofltoial statements In flie rtitute be federal geverament to promote full empleymeut? A —The closest approach is the Employment Act of IMS, In which Goa gress declared that "it Is the continuing policy and respoosibilit of the Federal Government to use an practical w . to prt mote maximum employment . . .- One tool created by the Act I the Economic Report submitted by the President Jan. 28. 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