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PAGE TWO THE NEWBERRY SUN 1218 College Street NEWBERRY. S. C. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner Entered as second-class matter December 6, 1937 at the Postoffice at Newberry, South Carolina, under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad vance; six months, $1.25. COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS By SPECTATOR Would A New S. C. Constitution Help? Can the General Assembly call a Constitutional Conven tion and limit the scope or character of its operations? That seems to be quite a topic of discussion. Do we need a new Constitution? Why are some political leaders afraid to call a Constitutional Convention? How, or by whom, is a Constitutional Convention called? Says the Constitution: “Whenever two-thirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly think it necessary etc. they shall recommend to the electors to vote for or against a Convention. Then at the next session (if the peo ple approve) provision shall be made for a convention.” Once a Constitutional Convention is in being it becomes the Supreme law-making body of the State. No act of the General Assembly may limit the authority of the Conven tion. It may reform old Counties; consolidate Counties; create new Counties; prescribe two Senators for each Coun ty—or do anything else, more or less. The one thing it must do: it must retain the republican form of government, for the Constitution of the United States (article 4, section 4) prescribes: “The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of Government . . . .” But the Constitution of South Carolina, with customary in dependence, says: “All political power is Vested in and de rived from the people only, therefore they have the right at all times t6 modify their form of government.” S. C. Consti tution—Art. 1, Section 1. The republican form of government is properly written with a small “r”; it has nothing to do with the Republican Party. In fact I do not know what the Republican Party has, by way of form, unless it be the new idea of yielding to pres sure groups—and that is not exactly a matter of form or substance; rather it makes government more or less insub stantial. The Constitution of the United States, in declaring for a republican form of government, is guaranteeing a republi can form for the States, not for the Nation. In general, it is assumed to mean a government of three separate depart ments of equal rank, each separate and distinct from the other. Straightway we find that we Carolinians mix them up, as political considerations, or personal political interest, or ambition, may seem to suggest. The idea of a new Constitution might appeal to me power fully if thtre were any likelihood that a new Constitution would be strictly followed, or obeyed. We seem to need new natures within ourselves. How, for example, are most of our Counties governed? By the County Board? No; by the Sena tor. From what source does he derive that power? From the practice of the Senators in allowing each Senator to have sovereign sway in his County. So the Senate, the whole Sen ate, in special County matters, is the Senator from that County. Whenever it seems desirable, the Delegation assures a County official that he may (or must) do this or that and the Delegation will pass the necessary legislation to make it legal. Will any new Constitution change that? There is a remedy provided in the present Constitution but not used. Article 10, Section 4 prescribes: “The corporate authori ties of Counties, Townships, School Districts, Cities, Towns and Villages may be vested with power to assess and collect taxes for corporate purposes; such taxes to be uniform in respect to persons and property within the jurisdiction of the body imposing same . . . Years ago I drew a bill for a Delegation invoking that pro vision and, as I recall, Representative R. Beverley Herbert also prepared a bill, his for Richland County, invoking the same provision. As to the Republican form, we take that, along with the first section of our State Constitution, and then we turn to Article 16, Section 1 and find that even though the Sovereign electors, at the polls, vote overwhelmingly for a Constitutional amendment, which has been proposed and submitted to the electors, by the General Assembly, their act is not conclusive, does not become sufficient, unless the General Assembly shall ratify the said proposal. So the people, in whom resides all wisdom and political powers, must have the approval of the General Assembly. Since my mind is on the Constitution, let us glance at something else: “The General Assembly is hereby forbid den to create any further debt or obligation, either by the loan of the credit of the State, by guaranty, endorsement, or otherwise, except for the ordinary and current business of the State, without first submitting the question ... to the qualified electors.” The Wall Street Journal published recently an item from Clemson College stating that The Budget Commission has authorized several State institutions to issue bonds for $9,575,000. Those institutions, except Clemson College, are WHO IS TO BLAME! the property of the State. Whatever their debts may be, the State is certainly a party in interest. If the Legislature must submit such matters to the quali fied Electors w T ho authorized the Budget Commission to Act? One must be a lawyer to keep abreast of w r hat is going on. The University and the other colleges, with the excep tion of Clemson, are the property of the State. Santee-Cooper is also the property of the State. Santee-Cooper, however, op- perates under an act of the General Assembly which declares that the State shall not be answerable for its obligations. Santee-Cooper, in owing the Federal Government $29,000,- 000, and borrowing $15,000,000 from Wall Street bankers, is not adding a debt to the State. The State stands off and the creditors of Santee-Cooper must find their satisfaction in putting a lien on Santee-Cooper, if it were not operating prosperously; but the Colleges can’t be treated in that man ner; they are the warp and woof of our State life. Santee-Cooper did not think it necessary to seek permis sion from the Budget Commission, nor of the Legislature, in borrowing $15,000,000; but the University and the Col leges did prove their complete dependence on the State by seeking permission from the Budget Commission. I only raise the question here about the validity of the approval of the Budget Commission. So, my fellow Carolinians, I ask what we should do with a new Constitution? By no means have I exhausted the lack of respect for this or any othqr Constitution. Do not misunderstand me: I am not arguing against the need for money for our institutions; undoubtedly they need it; their trustees are men of honor and their leaders are men and women of high dedication and entirely worthy and deserving; I call attention to our apparent disregard of the Constitution. My reference to Clemson you likewise must not misin terpret. The majority of the Board of Trustees of Clemson are gentlemen not elected by our General Assembly; they are chosen independently in accordance with the provisions of the gift of Mr. Clemson. As I recall, there are seven permanent, independent trustees and six elected by our Leg islature. I need not say more about our Constitution now than this: Although by duly adopted amendments the original text was changed, we still find such contradictions as the follow ing: That the Governor shall be re-eligible, but shall not be eligible for reelection. That is just a matter of editing, of course. How does this strike you:“.... a majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller num ber may adjourn from day to day, and may compel the at tendance of absent members.” So what? Frequently not a third of the members are present; and on Fridays some times eight or ten—acting in the name and with the author ity of the State of South Carolina. Even in the Senate of the United States, treaties are sometimes ratified by a few Senators. The man in the street wonders about all this. Again I ask: what difference would a new Constitution make? Paraphrasing the well known quotation, our trouble is not so much with our Constitution, but with ourselves. Too Many Washington Reports We are afflicted with too many reports from Washing ton. What must we expect when we read that the President supports Stevens against McCarthy? Mr. Stevens is a fine gentleman; I have no criticism of him; but if reporters quote him, or tell the public this, that, and something else, does it not estrange the President and Mr. McCarthy; or the President and some Senators? Why must everything be rushed over the wires, or published? Then, again, our of ficials are not tactful in dealing with the press: they talk too much. I read in the papers that the President “gives the nod” to some proposed tax reduction, or that the President is op posed. It all sounds as though the Congress were a lot of school-boys, instead of being the law-makers. The President can’t move or speak or sip a wee bit of soda-pop without in spiring some one to report it. Then we have long and learhed comments on that more or less childish news. DaleCarnegh ★ AUTHOR OF “HOW TO STOP WORRYING AND START LIVING” ★ TN COMMON with most worriers, Henry Heyl, 750 Olympia Street, * S. W., Grand Rapids, Michigan, thought he had a priority on wor rying. He worried about anything and everything and when he re ceived his "Greetings’' from Uncle Sam he really got under way. By the time he had reached the receiving center and had passed hi§ physical examination he was almost a total wreck. After being assigned to his barracks, he started talking with the fellow who had the bunk next to his, just to get his mind Off himself. Among all the fellows in the barracks, whose average age was twenty years, imagine his pleasant surprise to find that his bunkmate was even older than he was—over 38. Right away they had something in common. This chap was the most cheerful fellow he had ever met. He said they called him "Kain- tuck” because he hailed from Kentucky. He told Henry that he had seven children who had gotten about every disease to which a child could be ex posed. And he was very poor; just barely making ends meet. On top of all that, he and his family were illiterate—they could neither read nor write. Well maybe Henry Heyl didn’t feel ashamed of himself and his imaginary troubles. He asked Kaintuck how he could be so cheerful with all his troubles, and Kaintuck handed him a philosophy of life that he declares he will never ferget. Here it is: “I ain’t had much book learnin’, but I’ve found out when 1 got troubles I couldn’t lick, I can take them to the Lord in prayer. Then I get up off my knees, forget all about it, and go on doin’ the best I know how." CARNEGIE Q—I know that the courts won’t accept evidence obtained through wire-tapping, but what about evidence gathered from intercepted letters or telegrams? A—Section 605 of the Federal Communications Act (1934) states: "No person, not being authorized by the sender, shall intercept any com munication . . . and divulge (it) ... to any person." Violators are subject to two years’ imprisonment or a $10,000 fine or both. Q—Was a Member of Congress ever assassinated? A—Yes, but the Library of Congress says that, in the absence of an official record, it is aware of only one. The late Sen. Huey P. Long (D-La.), father of the present Sen. Russell B. Long (D-La.), was shot to death Sept. 8, 1935, in Baton Rouge, La. Three Presidents (Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley) were killed by assassins’ bullets (no Vice Presidents ever have been) and there were attempts on the lives of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. Q—Does the Tennessee Valley Authority, a federal corporation, pay state and local taxes? A—No. But the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 provides that TVA must "render financial assistance to those states and local governments in which (its) power operations are carried on, and in which the corporation has acquired properties previously sub ject to state and local taxation." This "financial assistance,” paid “in lieu of taxes,” presently nets state and local governments in volved five per cent of the gross proceeds derived from the sale of power by TVA each preceding fiscal year. The money is divided among the areas involved according to a formula set up in the Act. (Copyright 1D54. Congressional Quarterly) DOGGY HOUSE . . . Chihuahua mother named "Monkey” stands guard while her six puppies frolic through pillared doll house in Bell, California. WEEKLY CROSSWORD PUZZLE | Marine Device^ Here's the Answer \ HORIZONTAL 1,9 Depicted marine device 13 Worshipful ; 14 Italian river 15 Goddess of j infatuation ; 16 Command 18 Scold 19 Nickel (symbol) . 20 Descended suddenly 22 Guinea (ab.) 23 FaH 25 Chiller 27 Dry 28 Kind 29 Preposition 30 Weekday (ab.) 31 Hypothetical force 32 Anent 33 Bargain event 35 Ages 38 State 39 Dispatched 40 Six (Roman) 41 Spades 47 An (Scot.) 48 Girl’s name ' 50 Expunge' 51 Dutch town 52 Egyptian river 54 Regarded 56 Insect 57 Breastbones VERTICAL 1 Trademarks 2 Go to bed 3 Night before an event 4 Eye (Scot.) 5 Bird 6 Demigod 7 Within (comb, form) 8 Pace 9 College degree (ab.) 10 Vase 11 Wild ass 12 Curdled milk product 17 Concerning 20 Wastrels 21 Sorrow • 24 Song bird 26 Cling 33 It is used for life fi [7i riira wFimen Fir-iFi^g piraRR FuraPiFi FI PI ran HfSPJ xona mm FiwnrTi raFiran giuaH Fir*] mmm nsn FJP1RH Uiolfiiql Isl^iMtoiara a 34 Egg substance 36 Garland 37 Horses 42 Pronoun 43 Mineral rocks 44 Immense 45 Italian town 46 Ogle 49 Winglike pari 51 Australian ostrich 53 Diminutive suffix 55 Half an em THURSDAY, MARCH 18, 1954 DRESIDENT EISENHOWER has 1 snowed Congress under with his 196 item legislative program. And his Feb 17 message on atomic energy the President substituted 15 recommendations for three more general requests submitted earlier, raising the total almost to the 200 circle. The volume of these legislative requests is important because both Republicans and Democrats agree that the voters next November will judge the President and the 83rd Congress largely by the fate of the Administration’s legislative program. And, both parties will have to justify their treatment of controversial White House legis lation. Congress has started many of the President’s proposals on their way to enactment—holding hearings and sporting bills from committee to the floor. Sifting down Mr Eisenhower’s recommendations to their most con crete form, and omitting recom mendations which require no new Congressional action, here are a few of the proposals by certain important categories: Agriculture: Of 33 proposals made, the president asked Congress to bolster Commodity Credit Cor poration resources; use existing farm commodity surpluses in non commercial channels; build foreign markets; allow modernized parity to take effect; Institute or continue flexible price supports for most farm commodities. Continue 90 per cent parity for supports for tobatfeo, permit use of conservation funds to control diverted acreage; continue or lib eralize indirect aid for some com modities; aid wool producers through direct payments; continue aiding hay distribution in drought areas; expand and revise the con servation program; curtail federal share in agricultural disease pro grams. Health: Strengthen public health research; expand and revise state aids for health and welfare; re insure private health insurance plans; create National Commission for Health Improvement. Social Security: Extend coverage, increase benefits, and relax re strictions on Old Age and Survivors Insurance, extend current formula# for public-assistance state aid, pending revisions. Education: Expand educational advisory and research activities and help construct state schools. Labor: Revise Taft-Hartley la bor law through 18 changes, high lighted by: relaxation of prohibi tions against secondary boycotts; protection of striking unions against loss of representation rights; au* thorization of stricter union secur ity in certain industries; and pro vision for government-conducted strike votes. The categories mentioned above represent 79 separate proposals. Other categories are Military and veterans, government, internal se curity, postal, civil service, re sources, unemployment insurance, housing, foreign policy and taxes. From the Claremont News, Clare mont, Minnesota: There is no ques tion but what there are huge sur pluses of dairy products in govern ment storage and we have no more idea of what to do with them than government economists have. We asked several dairymen their idea of a workable plan without re ceiving a concrete reply. { It will not be long before cows will be on grass and feed pur chases will drop and we feel satis fied that before the summer is over there will be a radical change in our whole economy. Thousands of industrial workers are being laid off weekly as farmers ^refuse to pay the high prices demanded. I Dairy products are a basic food and industrial workers must buy them to live either with part of their wages or relief money. What ever happens, we think dairying will continue as a staple source of income in an area such as this. • # • From The Aztec Independent, Wildwood, New Jersey: If you get a ten dollar or twenty dollar bill and it smells of goffee, the chances are that it’s counterfeit The United States Secret Service says counterfeiters. are soaking their currency in coffee to give it a brownish color. The odor of coffee still clings to the bogus bills. . * * * From the l^hiteside Conn tv News, Morrison, Illinois: OUR CREED: Smile into the face of the world and a smile comes back, ren der good service to others and good service is returned to you. show m spirit of helpfulness and that spirit will surely send back to you of a like kind, think good thoughts and the same thoughts will be of you. The world Is a great mirror which truly reflects the thoughts, acts and ambitions of every indiv idual Let no one cloud his vision, poison his mind and dwarf his soul with the false Imagination that the ' world Is not giving him a square dead. The only way to avoid getting a square deal from the world is by not giving a square deal yourself. Fron* the Mason County News, New Haven, West Virginia: The house postoffice committee has fired the first shot in the battle to raise postoffice revenue 400 million y dollars a year. And the first victim, if the committee has its way, will be the citizen at the stamp window who wants to mail a letter out of town. Collectively, in paying four cents instead of three for his stamp, he’ll chop 159 mflUnnw a year off the PO deficit . , . he gets writer’s cramp. It would be nice enough, if that new four cent stamp gave us the kind of service we used to get with the red ones that had George Wash- insrton on them I fWjttL INTELEIGRAM Check the correct word. 1. England (does) (does not) celebrate Thanks giving Day. 2. A bass drum (is) (is not) larger than a kettle drum. 3. A baby elephant is called a (foal) (calf). 4. A baby beaver is called a (kitten) (bea). 5. A baby camel is called a (foal) (calf). 6. Brazil (is) (is not) larger in area than the U. S. 7. Julius Caesar (did) (did not) conquer Britain. 8. A Kanaka is an (Eskimo) (Hawaiian). 9. The Cape of Good Hope is in (Africa) (South America). 10. Croutons are (food) (feminine hair styles). Check your answers, scoring yourself 10 points for each correct choice. A score of 0-20 is poor, 30-60, average; 70-80, superior; 90-100, very superior. Decoded Intelligram 'poo.i—01 ‘®3WV—6 ‘ueueAveH—8 PIG—L * S I—9 'l®Oj[—5 'uonrx—* 7I®D~€ si—z lou saoQ—\ brain budi 1. There are (a) 50; (b) 100; (o) 19 U. 8. coal mines with an nual production of more than one million ton* each. 2. Manufacturers estimate there are some (a) 100,000; (b) 50,000; (c) 541,159 Cadillacs on the road today! 3. About (a) 45 per cent; (b) 80 per cent; (e) 20 per cent ef fatal highway accidents involve cars traveling in the same di rection. ANSWERS M t wig -i