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Most of the time the fellow who hollars loudest for justice is really after revenge. The politician who can be bought sooner or later gives him self away. VOL. 15—NO. 23. NEWBERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1952 + $1.50 PER YEAR SURVEY CALLS FOR 1.5 MILLION SCHOOL PROGRAM Campaign For Community Chest Fund Begins Monday Council To Sell $300,000 In Bonds For Improvements Advance Drive Is Underway The main drive of the Com munity Chest campaign for New berry County will begin Monday. October 13th, with volunteer workers making the rounds of both business and residential sec tions to accept donations. The advance gift drive began last Monday, October 6th, but a report on the success of this phase of the drive will not be received until this w'eekend. Workers for the business dis trict will meet at the Hotel Wise man Monday afternoon at 3:30 to receive material and instructions. These workers, and the territory they cover are shown below: Main street—both sides, from W. H. Davis & Son to Coates St.: Heyard Davis and Lewis Davis. South Side of Main Street—from Belk store to Gilder & Weeks, also Friend street, from Edens store to Caldwell street: Preston McAl- haney and Dr. J. N. Burgess. South Side of Main Street—from McCrory’s to Hutchinson’s grocery store: Sanford Robinson and W. R. Hoover. Both Sides Main Street—from Newberry drug store to railroad, also Friend street, from Caldwell to railroad: J. B. Berley and Jack Hove. Boyce Street—McKibben from Boyce to Harrington; Harrington from Laird’s to Caldwell street; Nance street from Boyce to Mor ris’ store: Marion Workman and George S. Dominick. College Street — from Friend street to Coca Cola company, to Caldwell from Johnson-McCrackin to Mrs. J. W. White: Caldwell, Dee Summer and P. D. Holloway; College, Mary Gardenhire and Le roy Wilson. North Side of Main—Buzhardt Furniture Co. to Verna & Hal Kohn’s; Thompson street to Mar tin street and Martin street from Thompson to Jr. High school: Je ter Young and Adam Dyskin. City Employees — Colie Dowd and Bryan Livingston. County Employees—P. N. Ab rams and Ray Dawkins. Federal Employees—Margie Da vis and Florence Addison, Ag. Bldg. General Contractors and Build ers Supplies — Cyril Hutchinson and Ed Cannon. Public Schools—J. V. Kneece and R. E. Beck. College—T. E. Epting. Hospital and Nurses—Mrs. Jas. Brown. Newberry Garment Co.—J. R. Andrews. Newberry Mfg. Co.—Mrs. Vir ginia Graddick. Mrs. Sadie Crooks and Miss Margaret Paysinger are co-chair men of the women’s division which will work the residential section •f the city. Ward 1—Captains, Mrs. Ray Nobles, Mrs. Otis Whitaker; work ers, Mrs. I. M. Satterwhite, Sr., Mrs. L. S. Wilson, Miss Sudie Dennis, Mrs. E. G. Cope, Mrs. Burly Fretwell, Mrs. E. L. Middle- swart, Mrs. John Billingsley, Mrs. F. G. Hartley, Mrs. Chester Haw kins, Mrs. R. G. Lister, Mrs. Ir vin Satterwhite, Jr., Mrs. Johnnie Wertz, Mrs. Jerome Harmon, Mrs. Jake Sons, Mrs. James Abrams, Mrs. Miller Wessinger, Mrs. Guy Whitener, Jr., and Mrs. Buddy Sligh. Ward 2—Captains, Mrs. Gurnie Summer, Mrs. A. H. Counts; work ers, Mrs. Seth Meek, Mrs. T. E. Setzler, Mrs. W. M. Fennell, Mrs. V. W. Rinehardt, Mrs. S. L. Hun ter, Mrs. Price Padgett, Miss Claire Sligh, Mrs. J. W. Earhardt, Mrs. R. H. Monts, Mrs. James Smith, Jr., Mrs. Chris Kaufmann, Mrs. W. A. Mason, Jr., Mrs. D. W. A. Nevilie, Mrs. John Lindsay, Mrs. Leon Nichols, Mrs. Hubert Scarborough, Mrs. F. A. Truett, Mrs. E. L. Blackwell, Mrs. Ray mond Blair, Mrs. Bill Blalock, Mrs. Pope Connelly, and Mrs. Duncan Johnson, Jr. Ward 3—Captain, Miss Violet Browning; workers, Mrs. Reyburn Lominack, Mrs. Richard Lomin- ick, Mrs. Howard Clark, Mrs. For rest Lominack, Mrs. Cyril Hutch inson, Mrs. Burton Willingham. Mrs. Waldo Huffman, and Mrs. N. E. Darby. Ward 4—Captain, Mrs. James Clamp; workers, Mrs. Charlie Boyd, Co-Capt., Mrs. John Swit- tenburg, Mrs. Griffin Langford, Mrs. Edward Duckworth, Mrs. W. J. Lindermann, Miss Evelyn Burns and Mrs. Beaman Mills. Ward 6—Captains, Mrs. Frank Shealy, Mrs. James Taylor; work ers, Mrs. Roy Creekmore, Mrs. Hubert Kinard, Miss Betty Lou Danielson, and Miss Joan Bobb. The Mayor and all members of i council were present at the regu lar monthly meeting of city coun cil which was held on Wednesday night of this week, rather than on the usual second Tuesday of the month. Council voted to sell the recent ly authorized $300,000 bonds in a single issue and according to the mayor, the bonds will be adver tised and the sale made to the most favorable bidder. Council called for ordinances to be drawn for consideration at the next meeting. One ordinance would control the installation of air con ditioning units in Newberry; the other would control the loading and unloading of trailer trucks in the city. The mayor appointed a commit tee composed of R. B. Baker, chairman, J. D. Caldwell, J. T. Norris, T. E. Davis and J. K. Wil lingham to decide the advisability of purchasing property owned by 'J. W. Schumpert adjacent to a water tank and to appraise the property and make a report to council. A proposal by Duke Power com pany concerning the improvement of the electrical distribution sys tem at Mollohon was rejected by council, which plans to make other arrangements for the need ed improvements. Council accepted the low bid of Johnson Hagood Clary for police and fireman uniforms. The bid was $13d5. IN NEW YORK Mr. and Mrs. Harry Vigodsky are spending this week in New York where they are buying win ter merchandise for The Fashion. IN LOCAL HOSPITAL Miss Lula Mae Vaughn of Pros perity who was admitted to the Newberry Memorial Hospital on Tuesday, September 30, still re mains very ill, her many friends will regret to learn. BIRTHDAYS Oct. 11: Mrs. Frederick Gardi ner, D. D. Darby, Nance Green, Mrs. Kate Miller, Forrest Booz er and Mrs. A. H. Dickert. Oct. 12: Mrs. W. J. Switten- burg, Mrs. James R. Andrews, Elbert C. Long, J. E. Wiseman, Sr., Anita Faye Killian, Mrs. Carl Shealy, Marguerite Webb and Paul H. Long. Oct. 13: Steve Griffith, Doro thy Kyzer, Mrs. K. L. Martin, Marion Spearman, Mrs. Lila Duckett, Virgil W. Rhinehart, Judy Rinehart, Karen Stewart and Kate Dickert. Oct. 14: David Lee Cartner, Mrs. Franklin Armfield, Mrs. Arthur Welling and twin sister, Mrs. Oscar Riddle, Henry Liv ingston, Jr., Mrs. O. Hentz and Miss Bessie Thrift. Oct. 15: Larry Luther Chap man, Mrs. John T. Norris, Mae Lathrop, Mrs. William K. Lath- rop, Tobie Enlow, Mrs. Henry Livingston, Everette Graham and J. O. Koon. Oct. 16: Pete Coleman, Mrs. James S. Watters, R. H. Wright, J. Frank Wilson, James Darby, Betty Ruth Perry, Guy V. Whitener, Jr., Billy Lominick, George Ray Richardson and Jim mie Brown. Oct. 17: Buford Cromer, Char lotte, N. C., Barbara Helen You- mans, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. M. I. Youmans, Keith Green, Dorothy L. Senn and A. C. Domi nick. Ward 6—Captains. Mrs. W. H. Davis, Mrs. Frazier Lominack, Mrs. W. C. Corter; workers, Mrs. Ralph Blackwell, Mrs. Pope Bu ford, Jr., Mrs. James Counts, Mrs. M. W. Workman, Mrs. Henry Lom inack, Mrs. Dave Hayes. Mrs. A. E. Bedenbaugh, Mrs. J. K. Wil lingham, Mrs. Frazier Lominack. Mrs. W. H. Davis, Mrs. W. E. Tur ner, Sr., Mrs. Claude Ringer, Mrs. Nancy Copeland, Mrs. Metis Fant, Mrs. Ned Purcell, Mrs. E. L. Hart, Mrs. J. Walker Schumpert, Mrs. White Fant, Mrs. C. E. Saint- Amand, Mrs. E. B. Clippard, Mrs. Hunter Browm, Mrs. J. D. Rook, Mrs. Fred Hayes, Mrs. Lonnie Sheely, Mrs. G. K. Dominick. Cut-Off—Captains, Mrs. David Ringer, Mrs. Russell Addy; work ers, Mrs. E. O. Shealy, Mrs. E. E. Bollinger, Mrs. J. B. West, Mrs. Joe McLeod, Mrs. J. B. Berley, Mrs. Thelma Brock, and Mrs. Mal colm Kibler. TEACHERS HOLD FIRST MEETING The first meeting of the New berry County Teacher’s Associa tion will be held Friday, October 10,1952, 3:15 P.M. at Drayton Street High School. Mr. P. K. Harmon, the Director of Educa tion of Newberry County, will be guest speaker. Personal Items Of Interest MR. AND MRS. TOM WICKER and daughter, Susan of Oak Ridge, Tenn., are spending this week with Mr. Wicker’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Wicker on Lang ford street. MR. AND MRS. T. E. DAVIS plan to leave next Tuesday for Stamford, Conn., where they will spend a couple of weeks with their son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Gates Beckwith and son, Tom. MR. AND MRS. JEFF SIKES of Columbia, were Sunday visitors in the home of Mrs. Sikes’ parents. Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Goggans in the Hartford community. MR. AND MRS. JAMES SENN and two daughters, Susan and De borah of Seneca, were Sunday visitors in the home of Mr. Senn’s mother, Mrs. George W. Senn on Harrington street. MISS JOANNE HALFACRE, a freshman at Columbia college, Columbia, spent the past weekend with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Halfacre on Harper street. MR. AND MRS. CLAUDE BUZ HARDT of Rockingham, N. C., spent the weekend with Mr. Buz- hardt’s mother, Mrs. Epsie Buz hardt on Boundary street. MR. AND MRS. ROBERT JOHNSON and daughter, Bobbie of Bristol, Tenn., spent the week end with Mr. Johnson’s mother, Mrs. Rosa Johnson in the Tran wood community. JOHN ROSS of Charlotte, N. C., spent the past weekend with hh mother, Mrs. Maude G. Ross and other relatives on Drayton street MISS MARY WHEELER, who is connected with the Department of Public Welfare in Greenwood, spent Tuesday night with her sis ter, Mrs. Metis Fant. NEWBERRY AUXILIARY DISTRICT MEET HOSTESS The Auxiliary to Livingston- Wise Post 5968, Veterans of Foreign Wars, will be hostess to the District 3 Auxiliary, Depart ment of South Carolina, Sunday afternoon, October 12th, at 2:30 p. m at the V.F.W. Home. Miss Corneila Sherad of Ander son, district president, will pre side. The district is composed of auxliaries in Newberry, Anderson and Abbeville. Members of the local auxiliary are urged to be present. On his recent birthday, Donald E. Ward, seaman, USN, was pre sented with a decorated cake to help celebrate the occasion. The son of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Ward of 1310 Drayton st., Newberry, 8. C., Ward is serving aboard the am- phious force flagship USS Mount McKinley in the Par East. (Official U.S. Navy Photograph—1090464) Richard L. Baker, chairman, and Keitt Purcell, co-chair man of the Community Chest Campaign for Newberry, which will begin on a city-wide basis Monday morning. Club Discusses Local Flower Show The regular monthly meeting of the Town and Country Garden club was held Wednesday afternoon with Mrs. T. C. Tindall and Mrs. Josie P. McAlhany at the home of the former on" Boundary street. The meeting was opened with the Lord’s Prayer. Mrs. Clayton Smith president, presided. Among the busines matters discussed was the forthcoming Flower Show scheduled to be held in January under the auspices of the Garden clubs of Newberry. Mrs. E. E. Westwood gave an account of the South Carolina Society state meeting held here recently. A social hour was enjoyed at the close of the meeting. UNDERGOES SURGERY Mr. and Mrs. Carl Ringer and son, Douglas, of Florence spcnY the weekend with Mr. Ringer’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. B. P. Ring er on Chapman street, prior to Carl entering the General Hospital in Greenville on Tuesday of this week he underwent surgery. Mrs. Ringer is spending this week in Newberry and in Greenville with her husband. Douglas is staying with his grandparents while his father is a patient in the hospital. MISS MERCHANT PATIENT Miss Lois Merchant, Route 4, Newberry, was admitted to the Newberry Memorial Hospital Mon day, October 6th where she Is receiving treatment. She is re ported to be responding to the treatments, her many friends will be glad to learn. WITH THE SICK Mrs. Annie Fay Black and baby girl, Rt. 4. Newberry. JVIrs. Frances N. Blair, Rt. 4, Newberry. Mrs. Nellie Bowick, 97 Player street. ^rs. Kathryn Cannon. Chapin. ' Mrs. Lucy Elmore, 1325 Pelham street. .Mrs. Cornelia Floyd, Silver- s|j?eet. 'Mrs. Lucy Graham and baby girl, Rt. 1, Pomaria. Mrs. Elizaeth C. Handy, 1615 College street. jNDllie K. Huffsteller, Chapin, f Baby Girl Lindler, daughter of E. Lindler, Rt. 1, Prosperity. „* Mrs. Margaret Livingston and { by girl, Ridge Spring. Miss Lois Merchant, Rt. 4, New- rry. ■■ Baby Boy Nicholson, son of James Nicholson, Rt. 2, Newberry. Mrs. Cailie Quattlebaum, Rt. 3, Prosperity. Mrs. Gus Singjey and baby girl, Prosperity. Miss Lula Mae Vaughn, Pros perity. Mrs. Ella Mae Werts, Silver- street. Sam C. Young, Whitmire. UNDERGOES TONSILECTOMY Boyd Campbell of Spartanburg, who underwent a tonsoleetomy in the Newberry Memorial Hospital Iasi Tuesday, is now recuperating at the home of his parents, Mr. and JVIrs. S. C. Campbell on Har rington street. Mr. Campbell ex pects to return to his home in Spartanburg in a few days. Final Rites For Dr. Hugh Senn Held Wednesday Dr. Hugh B. Senn, 64. well known physician of Newberry, died Monday night at Providence Hospital in Columbia after an illness of several months. He had just returned from New York, where he had undergone treat ment. He was born and reared in New berry County the son of the late Dr. William D. and Mrs. Hennie Boozer Senn. He was a graduate of Newberry College in the class of 1908 and the Medical College of Charleston, class of 1913. Upon completion of his studies, he practiced medicine at Silver- street and Cross Hill and later be came a member of the South Caro lina State Board of Health. He served with the State Board of Health and County Health Officer of Newberry and Beaufort coun ties. He was also a member of the Georgia State Board of Health and served two years at Millen, Ga. Returning to Newberry in 1937 where he resumed his practice, he was past president of the New berry County Medical Association and was an Elder of Aveleigh Pres byterian Church. He was a char ter member of the Mens Garden Club of Newberry. Surviving are his wife, the for mer Miss Mecia Timmerman; two daughters, Mrs. J. W. Hassell, Mrs. W. M. Corbett, both of Ca lumbia; one sister, Miss Lucy Senn, Newberry; one brother, Thornwell, Seneca; and five grandchildren. Funeral services were conduct ed Wednesday at 3 p.m. at Ave leigh Presbyterian Church by the Rev. ,Ne*l E. Truesdale and the Rev. Francis Mayes. Burial was in Rosemont Cemetery. MRS. ALAN JOHNSTONE VISITING DAUGHTER Mrs. Alan Johnstone of Wash ington, D. C., arrived by plane in Columbia last Friday for a visit with relatives in South Carolina and Georgia. She is now visit ing her son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. S. D. Paysinger and family at 1523 Boundary street. After two week’s visit here, Mrs. Johnstone will spend a couple of weeks with her sister, Mrs. G. F. Clausson, Sr., in Augusta, Ga. Mis. Johnstone will return to Newberry for a short visit be fore returning to her home in Washington. County-Wide Tourist Clinic Set In Newberry Monday And Tuesday A large number of employees who deal directly with tourists are expected to attend the Tourist Courtesy Clinic being held in Newberry next Monday and Tues day, Oct. 13 and 14, according to Mayor James E. Wiseman, chair man of the tourist committee of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Wiseman said his group has contracted restaurants, retail stores, hotels, motor courts, filling stations, and others. All these firms have expressed a keen in terest in the cqjirtesy clinic and plan to ask their employees to at tend. The clinics will be held in two sessions starting at 9:30 a.m. and ending at 11:30 a.m. at the Wells Theatre in the city. Feature of the clinic will be the presentation of movies designed to show the attractions of the state to travelers and to demonstrate the value of courteous treatment in dealing with tourists. Among the movies to be shown will be the film, “South Carolina,’’ which has been widely acclaimed throughout the state and nation. The film is approximately 30 min utes long. Another will be the movie, “By Jupiter,” which has been widely shown throughout the United States. The clinic is designed to help New r berry build up its income from the tourist business, Mr. Wise man said. “Few people realize just how far the tourist dollar goes. Actual ly, everybody in the community benefits when more tourist dollars come in,” he declared. Reliable estimates show that the tourist spends his money as follows: 25% in retail stores, 17 % for lodging, 22% in restaurants, 12% in gas stations, 9% for amusements, 7% for transporta tion, and 8% in miser’laneous ways. This proves, Mr. Wiseman point ed out, that many different groups stand to benefit from the tourist dollar, which stays in the com munity and circulates eventually through every cash register in town. The importance of the tourist courtesy clinic to Newberry Coun ty is therefore very great, he added. Officials of the State Chamber of Commerce and the S. C. Re search, Planning and Development Board will be present for the clinic, and will distribute some of their literature to those attend ing. These publications will in clude the State Chamber’s new ac commodations and tour guide, and the Research Board’s new color booklet on South Carolina attrac tions. Charlotte Doctor, Newberry Native, Passes Monday Dr. James Gilliam Johnston, long a prominent Charlotte physi cian, died at his home in Char lotte, N. C., Monday. Dr. Johnston was born in New berry county, April 17, 1872. He attended the schools of New berry county, and later won a state scholarship to The Citadel in Charleston, graduating in 1894. In 1896, he entered the Vander bilt medical school, graduating in 1899 and beginning a practice in Lowreys. A short time later h^ moved to Chester, where he en gaged in general practice for 15 years. He moved to Charlotte in 1015 and had practiced there since. He was a member of the Meck lenburg County Medical Associa tion, the Tri-State Medical Associ ation, the Southern Medical As sociation, the American College of Surgeons, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Medical Association and the Amer ican Congres of Ophthalmology. He was a 33rd degree Mason, Burial Services Here Sunday For John W. Crooks John William Crooks, 64, form erly of Newberry, died suddenly Thursday night at Mountain Rest, Tenn. He had been in declining health for several years. He was born and reared near Pomaria in Newberry county, a son of the late John J. and Minnie Rebecca Hatton Crooks. For many years he farmed in the coun ty. Several years ago he moved to Newberry, where he was a member of Bethany Lutheran church. He was a veteran of World War I. He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Clara Cromer Crooks; one son, W. Otis Crooks of Williams- ton; and one daughter, Miss Re becca Marie Crooks of Columbia; three sisters, Mrs. Annie Senn of Pomaria, Mrs. Murdge Boozer of Newberry and Mrs. Carrie Rank in of Columbia; four brothers, H. G. and Dr. J. H. Crooks of Green ville, R. H. Crooks of Sea Island, Ga., and T. L. Crooks of Pomaria. Two grandchildren and a number of nieces and nephews also sur vive. Funeral services were conduct ed at 3:30 Sunday afternoon from the McSwain Funeral Home by the Rev. J. C. Lindler and the Rev. Paul E. Monroe. Inter ment followed in Newberry. Active pallbearers were: Gary Lee Ringer, T. Ed Senn, Louie Senn, Jim Wheeler, Hugh Crooks, Edwin Adams, John Earl Cromer. Nieces served as flower attend ants. County Split Into 7 Areas; 1 Negro High Plant Shown Recommendations for the re-vamping of Newberry’s school system were released here Monday morning by P. K. Harmon, Director of the Newberry county public schools. There are 80 pages in the book outlining the many changes and giving exhaustive statistics of trends in enrollment and detailed breakdowns of the school picture of the entire coun ty. The survey divides the county into seven areas: Newber ry, Silverstreet, Bush River, Whitmire, Pomaria, Little Mountain and Prosperity. In capsule form the recommendations for each area fol lows: There is to be but one negro high school and that at Newberry. The three white high schools will be at New berry, Whitmire, and in Prosperity-Pomaria-Little Moun tain section. Newberry Area Sum of $76,336.00 for remodeling, repainting, etc. of high school building; abandonment of Junior high gymnasium and Oakland school. New building for Boundary Street ! (same location) to house 400 students and razing of old building; Speer street continued with repairs and additions; continue Mollohon for a time; West End to be continued for a time without repairs. ‘"■v Drayton street (colored) to be continued as elementary school and a new high school built in Newberry for high school students from all parts of the county; abandon Helena when Drayton is completed; abandon Mt. Bethel Garmany as soon as practicable. Whitmire Area y Expansion of present high school plant and new gym nasium containing 6500 square feet. (Long Lane was aband oned in 1950 and children sent to Whitmire.) Carver (colored) be abandoned and new building erected to house grades 1 to 8 inclusive. Pomaria Area Continue Pomaria as elementarly school. High school pupils to go to new school ip Prosperity-Pomaria-LittW Mbtmtsin arear'' : '' New elementary school in Pomaria for students of Keitt- Pleasant Hill, Broad River, Leitzsey, Hope and Mt. Hebron, these buildings being of little worth. Bush River Area Continue present school as an elementary one, the high school pupils going to Newberry and Whitmire. Bush River (colored) to be continued for a time without repairs. Other colored schools in this vicinity have been abandoned already and the students sent to Jalapa. Little Mountain Area New part of building to be continued as elementary school and old part salvaged. High school pupils to be sent to high school proposed for this area. The three colored schools in this area to be abandoned as soon as practicable and children sent to a central school in the Little Mountain-Prosperity area or to the old O’Neal school building. Prosperity Area Present plant to be maintained as elementary school. High school students to be sent to high school proposed for this area (exact location of which has not been determined.) Stony Hill to be continued until such time as students may bo transferred to Prosperity. Recommendation that all negro schools in this area be grouped and sent to a proposed central school—the old O’ Neal building or a new plant. Silverstreet Area « Abandon high school building and convert gymnasium in to elementary school. High School pupils to be sent to Newberry. Continue Chappells school for a time but spend no money on repairs. Abandon Elisha, Dan Watkins, Belmont, Mudlick, and Vaughnyille colored schools and house these students in a new plant to be built at the intersection of highways 48 and 58 in the Silverstreet community. Financial The following is a breakdown of money on hand pr al located and the purposes for which it will be spent; Current Funds; 1950- 1951 A.D.A. 6252 at $15.00..__$93,780.00 1951- 1952 A.D.A. 6280 at $15.00.... 94,200.00 Total Current Funds $ 187,980.00 Entitlement to Advance: 1951-1952 A.D.A. 6280 at $225.00 1,413,000.00 Total Current Funds and Entitlement $1,600,980.00 The following projects are recommended for Newberry County in the approximate order of priorities as listed b^ low: Facilities for Negro Children New High School near Drayton Street Elemen tary in Newberry Estimated Cost $247,880.00 New Elementary School near Pomaria Estimated Cost 120,640.00 ? Bush River-Silverstreet Areas—New Elementary School /> Estimated Cost $125,780.00 Little Mountain-Prosperity Area—New Elemen tary School Estimated Cost $100,780.00 New Elementary School in Whitmire Estimated Cost $ 98,180.00 Repairs to present Drayton Street Building in Newberry ‘ J-U. Estimated Cost - $ 10,000.001 (eontiniMd on page eight)