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THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C. GUARDIANS OF PAST National Parks Tenth In a Series Hallowed Sites Preserved In National Park System WNU Features. National Park service has become one of the great trustees of American history and tradition. In the system of national parks today are more than 80 sites hallowed by the events that have transpired there or by deeds which have been memorial ized in marble and stone. Almost every phase of America’s past finds expression in one or more of these sacred areas, where National Park service is endeavoring to present Ameri can history in a simple, straightforward manner in order that it may be readily understood and <$>- correctly interpreted by every vis itor. At most of the more important sites a program of educational serv- ice to the public has been estab lished with c o m p e tent historians in charge. Guides will be found in many of the areas as well as museums with interpreta tive and study collections. At other ereas guide service has been sup plemented or supplanted by self-ex planatory maps, literature, outdoor signs and traUside exhibits. Historic sites in the national park system fall roughly into six differ ent groups or periods—Colonial, Revolutionary, Era of the Early Re public, War Between the States, Winning of the West and the recent Age of Industrial Expansion. • • • THE COLONIAL period is repre sented by the Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas national monu ments at St. Augustine, Fla., Fort Raleigh national historic site in North Carolina, Colonial national historical park in Virginia, Fort Frederica national monument in Georgia, George Washington birth place national monument in Virgin ia and Fort Necessity national bat tlefield site in Pennsylvania. The Castillo de San Marcos, moated and bastioned, was be gan in the 17th century to de fend the oldest settlement made by Europeans on land now in cluded within the United States. From the battlements of this fort today one may look across Matan zas inlet and out to sea. With a bit of imagination one may see there the proud galleons homeward bound to Spain with the treasures of Peru, or the Golden Hind, which brought Sir Francis Drake in 1586 to plun der the Spanish town, or the ships of General Oglethorpe, who in 1740 laid siege to St. Augustine. On Roanoke island to the north, on what is now the coast of North Carolina, is the site of Sir Walter Raleigh’s “lost colony.” Here, each summer, is presented in pageantry the drama of the ill-fated first at tempt of the English to plant a col ony on the North American conti nent. Still further north on Jamestown island in Virginia is the site of the first permanent English settlement. Fort Frederica national monument on St. Simon’s island, Georgia, rep- CASTILLO DE SAN MARCOS Oldest U. S. Defense resents the English struggle with the Spanish for dominion of the South Atlantic coast. On the banks of the Potomac riv er in Virginia is George Washing ton’s birthplace national monument, and in Pennsylvania, near Farming- ton, a reconstructed pioneer fortifi cation marks the site of Fort Neces sity and the scene of the opening battle of the French and Indian war. • • • THE GREAT Revolutionary war battlefields of Saratoga in New York and Yorktown in Virginia are in cluded in the national park system as well as the site of Washington’s winter encampments at Morristown, N. J. Other important Revolutionary battlefield sites in the national park system are: White Plains in New York, Guilford courthouse and Moore’s creek in North Carolina, Kings mountain and Cowpens in South Carolina. • • • LISTED AMONG the more in teresting and significant sites which belong to the first 75 years of the republic are Fort McHenry na tional monument and historic shrine at Baltimore, Md., birthplace of the “Star Spangled Banner,” the Lee mansion national memorial at Ar lington, Va., which was the home of Gen. Robert E. Lee and is typical of the plantation days of the old South. Of interest also is the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln near Hodgen- ville, Ky. Here at Abraham Lincoln national historical park in a mag nificent memorial building is pre served what is thought to be the log cabin in which Lincoln was bom. • • • NEARLY ALL of the great battle fields of the War Between the States are now under jurisdiction of Na tional Park service. By visiting them in chrono logical succession one may ac quire a thorough understanding of the events of this vast inter nal struggle. The better known battles of this war of which the sites are included in the national park system are: The first and second battles of GETTYSBURG Dedicated to Peace Manassas in northern Virginia, An- tietam in Maryland, Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, Shiloh in Tennessee, Vicksburg in Mississippi, Chicka- mauga and the Atlanta campaign in Georgia, Chattanooga in Tennessee, and Fredericksburg, Chancellors- ville, Spottsylvania, Richmond, Petersburg and Appomattox in Vir ginia. * • * THE GREAT WESTWARD move ment began long before the War Be tween the States and continued for many decades after. In this phase of history one finds in the national park system the Jefferson national expansion memorial at St. Louis, Mo., the Meriwether Lewis national monument in Tennessee, which con tains the grave of the explorer who led the Lewis and Clark expedition through the northwest to the Pacific coast, and the Scotts Bluff national monument in Nebraska, a famous landmark on the Oregon Trail. There are also the frontier mili tary posts of Fort Laramie in Wyo ming and Pipe Springs in Arizona, the site of the Whitman massacre in Washington and the site of Cus ter’s last stand in Montana. In the West also, in the Black Hills of South Dakota, is the amaz ing memorial carved in the granite of Mount Rushmore to the memory of the four presidents, Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. • • • REPRESENTING MORE recent times are the Statue of Liberty na tional monument in New York har bor, the memorial at Kill Devil hill. North Carolina, marking the site of the first airplane flight by the Wright brothers, the Vanderbilt mansion and the home of Franklin D. Roosevelt at Hyde Park, N. Y. Representing the world of to morrow Is the proposed nation al monument to mark the site of the first atom bomb explo sion in New Mexico. The most recently acquired na tional historic site is the Adams mansion at Quincy, Mass. This mansion, a part of which dates back to 1739, has been the home of two presidents and many statesmen and writers, and its history flows con tinuously through the whole Amer ican scene from earliest days of the republic to the present. • • • A complete list of national his toric sites may be obtained by writ ing the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Accident Rate in Parks Soars WASHINGTON.—Stressing the ne cessity for better observance by the public of safety regulations, Newton B. Drury, National Park service di rector, reported that the accident rate among visitors to the national park system jumped 28 per cent during the first six months of the present year. Fatal accidents in all of the 169 areas of the national park system during 1946 totaled 29, Drury re vealed, adding that the figure rep resents a rate of 0.131 per 100,000 visitors. Contrary to popular belief, falls from heights in the rugged country characteristic of most of the na tional parks accounted for only 14 per cent of the 1946 fatalities. Drowning was responsible fcr 66 per cent of the fatal mishaps, and in many instances the victims were swimming alone. CHILD PRODIGY . . . Paola Caf- farella of Genoa, Italy, is only 10 years old, but already she has distinguished herself as a concert pianist. She will leave Italy soon for a series of concerts in the United States. NO PRINCE CHARMING . . . When Albert F. Lange of North Arlington, N. J., stepped off plane in London, he announced that he had arrived in England to marry Princess Elizabeth. Officials promptly shipped him back to the United States. Lange said he has seen the princess in a mist in his dreams ever since he was five. DOESN’T LIKE CLOTHING . . . Not a cloth eater is this royal walnut moth, enlarged to about three times its natural size. Just emerged from its shell-like pupa, this moth will have a wingspread of five inches. ASSISTANT SECRETARY . . . Charles Saltzman, vice-president of the New York stock exchange, has been named by President Tru man as assistant secretary of state in charge of occupied areas affairs. He succeeds John J. Hill- dr ing. ANOTHER WAR VETERAN . . . An old campaigner from the Spanish-American war, now a pa tient of the Old Soldiers’ home, William H. Robbins ate ice cream and cake at garden party. THEY STARTED THE WHOLE AFFAIR . . . Co-authors of the much- debated labor bill which occasioned one of the hottest battles in mod ern congressional history are Rep. Fred A. Hartley (Rep., N. J.) (left) and Sen. Robert A. Taft (Rep., O.). Sponsors of the labor re form measure are shown here as they met on the senate side of the capitol to discuss the final showdown on the bill which took place in the senate. LOOK, GIRLS, A REAL ARABIAN PRINCE . . . Three girl students at the Bayside, L. I., high school appear reasonably thrilled over meeting a genuine Arabian prince. He is Prince Nawaf Ibn Abdul Aziz (but what’s the initial?), the son of King Saudi of Arabia. Prince Nawaf, all decked out in his regal raiment, visited the school in order to get a rough idea as to how American youngsters receive their education. OPOSSUMS FOR PLAYMATES ... It isn’t every boy who has eight •possum (or 'possum) pups for pets, possibly because it isn’t every boy who would want that many. But Jimmy Harris, 12-year-old son •I Mr. and Mrs. Robert Harris of near Geneseo, HI., thinks it’s great fun. gome of the eight are shown here as they cling to his clothing aad perch on Ms bead. They were captured, with their mother. ARM HEMISPHERE, MARSHALL URGES . . . Secretary of State George C. Marshall was the first of a number of top-ranking civilian and military officials called to t$;tify before the house foreign af fairs committee on President Truman’s proposal to arm the nations •f the western hemisphere. Wildlife Fares 111 in Canada Scant Soil Resources and Bitter Cold in North Are Among Adverse Factors. QUEBEC, CANADA. — Although Its huge territory embraces exten sive wildlife resources, Canada has not had particularly favorable wild life conditions for centuries, it is pointed out by Dr. Harrison F. Lewis, superintendent of wildlife protection in the dominion. Princi pal factors affecting wildlife, how ever, are in part favorable, he added. Of Canada’s total land area of 3,462,000 square miles, less than 8 per cent is occupied for agricultural purposes, less than 3 per cent is privately owned forest land, and most of the remaining 89 per cent is publicly owned land, either forested or open. Not Enough Heat. A great deal of Canada, espe cially the more northern part, has not been favorable to wildlife since it was uncovered by the recession of its last great ice cap. This is principally due to two things—insuf ficient heat and extremely scanty soil resources. Good crops, whether of wildlife or of other produce, re quire adequate warmth and fertile soil, but northern Canada does not receive enough heat from the sun for such crops and, because of the character of much of its bedrock and the intensive scouring that the great ice-sheets gave it, its areas of good soil are relatively very small. With the growth and extension of settlement in Canada, especially since development of the prairies, other adverse factors have power fully affected wildlife. One great group of such influences, including fires, agriculture and, in some cases, the cutting of forests, has produced environmental changes unfavorable to wildlife, or to some kinds of it. One condition that, though a negative one, has had much to do with reduction of wildlife in Can ada, as elsewhere, is a lack of gen eral public awareness of the basic value of wildlife and of what has been happening and continues to happen to this resource. This seri ous flaw in man’s adjustment to an Important part of his world seems to be as prevalent in rural areas as in the city. Often Favorable. However, both the cutting of for ests and fire, if the latter is not too severe and thoroughly destruc tive, initiate a series of ecological changes that are often very favor able, for a number of years, to valu able wild creatures. The young growth, whether suck ers or seedlings, that springs up soon reaches a state of development In which, it provides much more browse for deer and moose than did the mature forest that was re moved. In»some places and at some stages the second growth provides excellent habitat for woodcock. The extent of forest edge also may be increased, to the benefit of ruffed grouse and insectivorous birds. It often is possible to control the cutting of forests in such a way as to produce these effects intention ally. Fires in marshes may, if con ditions are right, destroy vegetation of little value to wildlife and permit more useful plants to replace it. Agriculture may be very helpful to pheasants, mallards and some other game birds if it is carried on in such a way as to make available much waste of rich foods, such as grains and soy beans. One of the important fools of the government movement to maintain adequate stocks of wildlife is the setting aside of various kinds of reserved areas, such as nature parks, sanctuaries, game preserves and native hunting preserves. Can ada has more than a million square miles in reserved areas. Another tool that has been devel oped to aid wildlife in recent years is water manipulation by engineer ing, in regions where the natural water supply is often inadequate. Travelers May Grouse— But They Also Commend CHICAGO. — American travelers may be notorious grousers, but they also are appreciative. In the last year, more than 3,000 of them have taken the time at the end of their trips to write letters of commendation to the Pullman com pany about its porters and conduc tors. And how do the porters and con ductors react to the passengers’ praise? A New York porter recently wrote: "Since I’ve been a porter, very nearly 26 years now, I have learned many things about the American people. Their almost consistent fair ness is very enlightening.” Metal Diet Is Fatal to Park Seal, Autopsy Shows SEATTLE. — Curator Gus Knud- son reported after an autopsy that Woodland park’s seal. Roly Poly, apparently succumbed to metal poi soning. The autopsy showed the seal had consumed more than 100 copper pennies, 3 nickels, 84 aluminum plastic and brass tax tokens, 1 brass lapel insigne of the army’s 2d in fantry division, 2 tiny pieces of steel and a miscellaneous collection of metal washers and buttons. Decree New Penalty For Crime in Russia Heaviest Punishment Is loi Embezzlement From State. LONDON.—The presidium of the Supreme Soviet has decreed new penalties for crimes of violence in Russia in order to “strengthen the protection of private property,” the Moscow radio says. An earlier de cree recently abolished capital pun-r ishment. For only one of the crimes listed in the new decree—embezzlement of state property a second time, or by a gang, or on a large scale—is the maximum punishment fixed at 25 years in a labor camp. That penalty previously was substituted for the death sentence. The decree listed the new penal, ties as follows: Theft—Five to six years in a la bor correction camp; theft by a gang or on second offense—six to ten years. Robbery—10 to 15 years, confisca tion of property. Robbery with violence, or by a gang or on second offense—15 to 20 years, confiscation of property. Failure to report a robbery—Loss of freedom for one to two years or banishment for four to five years. Theft or embezzlement of state property—Seven to ten years in a labor correction camp. Embezzlement of state property a second time, or by a gang or on a large scale—10 to 25 years, confis cation of property. Theft from a collective farm or cooperative—Five to eight years; second offense, or when committed by a gang or on a large scale—eight to ten years, confiscation of prop- erty. Failure to report theft of state property—Loss of freedom for two to three years or banishment for five to seven years. Russian sources in London said that at the last session of the Su preme Soviet complaints were voiced that penalties for crimes were not uniform throughout the country. They surmised the new decree standardizes penalties. Car Buyer Given $1,884 For a $561 Overcharee CHICAGO. — U. S. District Judge John P. Barnes awarded f1,884 triple damages to Paul W. EUey, 26, who bought an auto for $561 over the price ceiling last fall Joseph and Albert Glasov, owners of Glasov Motors, were ordered to pay the damages, plus $200 attorney's fees. Elley, a marine veteran, said he used his terminal leave pay to buy a 1939 Packard convertible coupe for $1,400. Two Elegant Doilies In Pineapple Design '"THE crocheter’s first love—the pineapple design, makes these charming doilies suitable for so many uses. Easy to crochet. * ? * Lacy elegance for very little time and money. Pattern 550 contains directions for doilies; stitches. Price of pattern ^ cents. Due to an unusually large demand and current conditions, slightly more time iS; required in filling orders for a few of thd most popular patterns. Send your order to: Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept. 564 W. Randolph St. Chicago 86, DL Enclose 20 cents for pattern. No AHHrszgg Odd 12-F oot Alphorn Calls Cows, Announces Worship A quaint, deep-toned alphorn, ID to 12 feet in length, is still in use in certain parts of the Alps for two purposes—to call the cattle home at milking time and to an nounce the evening worship hour. This peculiar Swiss instrument, of ancient origin, is mentioned in chronicles as far back as the Ninth century. It is made of wood, bound with bark fiber, and its wide mouth rests on the ground. In appearance it is as a huge smoking pipe. Mentally Deficient Folks Reported Helped by Drue ST. PAUL. MINN.—Marked im provement in mentally deficient persons through use of a new drug— glumatic acid—was reported by a psychiatric expert. Dr. George A Jervis, director of laboratories at Letchworth Village, a New York state mental institution. The new drug, Jervis said, had resulted in permanent improve, ments ranging from 8 to 18 points on the IQ scale of mental deficients. This had been done, he said, with a limited number of persons in sev eral New York hospitals. "Results already obtained are sufficiently striking to permit some consideration of the underlying mechanism,” Jervis said. “It is most likely that glumatic acid serves to increase the rate of a bio chemical process which is already going on with considerable effi ciency. “We feel that the administration of this acid does not create new in tellectual tools, but enables the per son to utilize his potential mental capacity more effectively.” Jervis warned, however, that the process had not yet been developed to its fullest extent and was no' ready for universal use. Jap Officer’s Good Deed Repaid by Aid to Family KUMAMOTO, JAPAN. — A sym pathetic Japanese lieutenant kept Judge Dean Sherry of San Diego, Calif., and 14 other American offi cers alive by smuggling food into a prison camp, so the superior court justice was repaying his debt. U. S. 8th army officials reported that while the former infantry colo nel was a prisoner at Camp O’Don nell after the fall of Bataan, a Lt. Uemura brought him extra rations. Uemura was later killed by Philip pine guerillas. When Judge Sherry learned through an 8th army military gov ernment team that Uemura’s wid ow and five children were In dire need, he began sending food pack ages to ease the family’s distress. Prisoners Contribute to Fund To Help Fight on Cancer TERRE HAUTE. IND.—The Vigo county cancer control campaign has received a check for $779.49 as the gift of prisoners of the federal penitentiary here and prison em ployees. This is the first time soUcitation among the prisoners was permitted. 'Kool/UcL CfaafrlA OtlAClOUS Yodora checks perspiration odor THE £d073V/J/6£Sr WAV Made with a Jace cream bate. Yodora is actually toothing to normal skins. No harsh chemicals or irritating salts. Won’t harm skin or clothing. 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